Clusters are individuals - VDI/VDE-IT
Clusters are individuals - VDI/VDE-IT
Clusters are individuals - VDI/VDE-IT
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3.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF CLUSTER PR0GRAMS<br />
This chapter provides a tabular overview of the different<br />
programs in terms of<br />
• Overall objectives of the cluster programs<br />
• Strategic Focus: Creation of new clusters or support of<br />
existing clusters<br />
• Strategic objectives of cluster programs in terms of<br />
numbers of clusters to be supported etc.<br />
• Strategic approach: top-down or bottom-up<br />
• Instruments of cluster programs<br />
• Term of cluster programs and financial aspects<br />
NAME OF THE PROGRAM<br />
3.2.1 OVERALL OBJECTIVES OF THE CLUSTER PROGRAMS<br />
The cluster programs that have participated in the benchmarking<br />
feature a diverse set of overall objectives (see<br />
Table 8). Common to all programs is their rationale of increasing<br />
the competitiveness of the national economy through<br />
the facilitation of collaboration between companies and research<br />
stakeholders. Most of the programs have a national<br />
perspective, while a few focus on the promotion of regional<br />
systems of innovation. The diverse set of overall objectives<br />
also reflects different types of cluster programs, each of<br />
them serving a specific purpose (for further details on this<br />
see chapter “3.3.1 Different Types of Cluster Programs Serve<br />
Different Purposes”).<br />
OVERALL OBJECTIVES<br />
Innovation Networks Denmark<br />
Competence Networks Germany<br />
• To strengthen innovation and research in Danish companies<br />
and thereby promote knowledge-based growth in business<br />
and industry<br />
• To strengthen public-private interaction and knowledge sharing<br />
and development of research and innovation between knowledge<br />
institutions and companies<br />
• To facilitate intensive networking between industry and<br />
science to increase the innovation capacity and international<br />
competitiveness of German industry<br />
• To increase international visibility of the clusters and by this<br />
market Germany as an international innovation hub<br />
Norwegian Centres of Expertise (NCE)<br />
• To facilitate growth by generating and reinforcing<br />
cooperation-based innovation and internationalization<br />
processes within clusters with clear ambitions and<br />
substantial national and international growth potential<br />
Arena Program<br />
• To strengthen the capability of regional business environments<br />
for innovation and value creation by intensifying alliances<br />
between business environments, educational institutions<br />
and the public sector<br />
Vinnväxt<br />
• To promote sustainable growth in regions by developing<br />
competitive research and innovation environments within<br />
specific growth fields<br />
Regional Cluster Program<br />
• Strengthening of regional systems of innovation through the<br />
support of cluster initiatives that <strong>are</strong> looking to strengthen<br />
their renewal capacity and competitiveness by means of<br />
commercial collaboration, cluster expansion and networking<br />
OSKE – Centres of Expertise Program<br />
• To create new innovations, products, services, companies and<br />
jobs based on top-class expertise<br />
• To support inter-regional specialization and division of duties<br />
in order to create internationally competitive centres of expertise<br />
• To increase the attraction of regional innovation environments<br />
in order to lure international companies, investments and<br />
leading experts to the region<br />
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