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第 5 卷第 2 期 

古生物学文摘 ( 网络版 ) 

目 

录 

2009 年 6 月 

古生物学 

综论 ………………………(1) 

遗迹化石 …………………(9) 

分子古生物学 ……………(14) 

古生态学 …………………(15) 

微体古生物学 

综论 ………………………(19) 

孢粉 ………………………(21) 

疑源类 ……………………(30) 

牙形石 ……………………(32) 

小壳化石 …………………(37) 

古植物学 

综论 ………………………(38) 

藻类 ………………………(43) 

地衣植物与苔藓植物 ……(48) 

蕨类植物 ( 广义 )………(49) 

早期种子植物 ……………(52) 

裸子植物 …………………(54) 

被子植物 …………………(56) 

古无脊椎动物学 

综论 ………………………(58) 

原生动物 …………………(62) 

古杯、多孔及腔肠动物 …(70) 

苔藓动物 …………………(78) 

腕足动物 …………………(80) 

软体动物 …………………(87) 

节肢动物 …………………(98) 

棘皮动物 …………………(110) 

笔石动物 …………………(112) 

分类位置不明 ……………(114) 

古脊椎动物学 

综论 ………………………(116) 

鱼类 ………………………(118) 

两栖类 ……………………(123) 

爬行类 ……………………(125) 

鸟类 ………………………(137) 

哺乳类 ……………………(139) 

古人类学 

古人类学 …………………(155) 

历史地质学、地层学 

综论 ………………………(155) 

古地理学、古气候学 ……(156) 

前古生界 …………………(157) 

古生界 ……………………(165) 

中生界 ……………………(168) 

新生界 ……………………(177)

第 5 卷第 2 期 

古生物学文摘 ( 网络版 ) 

2009 年 6 月 

古生物学 

综论 

2009020001 

新加里东岛 : 一个很老的进化的源泉 = 

New Caledonia: a very old Darwinian island. 

( 英文 ). Grandcolas P; Murienne J; Robillard T. 

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal 

Society B: Biological Sciences, 2008, 

363(1508): 3309-3317 

New Caledonia has generally been 

considered a continental island, the biota of 

which largely dates back to Gondwanan times 

owing to its geological origin and the presence 

of phylogenetic relicts. This view is 

contradicted by geological evidence indicating 

long Palaeocene and Eocene submersions and 

by recent biogeographic and phylogenetic 

studies, with molecular or geophysical dating 

placing the biota no older than the Oligocene. 

Phylogenetic relicts do not provide conclusive 

information in this respect, as their presence 

cannot be explained by simple hypotheses but 

requires assumption of many ad hoc extinction 

events. The implication of this new scenario is 

that all the New Caledonian biota colonized 

the island since 37Ma Local richness can be 

explained by local radiation and adaptation 

after colonization but also by many dispersal 

events, often repeated within the same groups 

of organisms. Local microendemism is 

another remarkable feature of the biota. It 

seems to be related to recent speciation 

mediated by climate, orography, soil type and 

perhaps unbalanced biotic interactions created 

by colonization disharmonies. New Caledonia 

must be considered as a very old Darwinian 

island, a concept that offers many more 

fascinating opportunities of study. 

2009020002 

“ 分支分类 23” 中的争论问题 : 达尔文的 

系统演化关系理论 = Problematic issues of 

cladistics 23: Darwin's concept of 

phylogenetic relationship. ( 英文 ). Reif W-E. 

Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. Palaontologie 

/ Abhandlungen, 2007, 244(2): 227-245 

Darwin discovered that, in the light of the 

therory of descent with modification, the 

interrelationships of the taxonomic groups in 

the Natural System become understandable as 

real, phylogenetic relationships (PhR) , and 

that all taxonomic group and the hierarchical 

structure of the organic diversity are real, 

rather than arbitrary. To make the notion of 

PhR understandable, he postulated a very 

close relationship between PhR and blood 

relationship among persons. As he failed to 

discriminate sharply between general PhR, 

relative PhR and absolute Phr he did not 

realize that systematics works only with 

relative PhR and that his postulate that 

"classifications will eventually become 

genealogies" could, at least in the literal sense, 

lnever come true. 

2009020003 

达尔文的两难选择 : 第一个种与显生宙多 

样性的假单源性原则 = The Darwinian 

delemma of the first species and the principle 

of pseudo-monophyly of Phanerozoic 

diversity. ( 英文 ). Reif W-E. Neues Jahrbuch 

fur Geologie u. Palaontologie / 

Abhandlungen, 2007, 244(3): 371-379 

In his publications, Darwin avoided the 

discussion of the evolutionary origin of the 

mechanisms of life. his principle to its own 

unique bauplan and is hence derived from one 

single ancestor. This leads to the inevitable 

conclusion that the diversity of the 

Phanerozoic dates back to a single progenitor 

species. Hence, Darwin stated that life on 

Earth started with about 10 first plant and 

animal species, which is in accordance with 

the ecological laws. Most of the descendants 

of most of the first species died out, whereas 

the remaining ones underwent convergent 

evolution which led to the unity of type 

("pseudo-monophyly"), and divergent 

evolution which led to the enormous 

Phanerozoic diversity on the species and on 

the ecosystem level. 

2009020004 

一种利用硫酸从石灰岩中提取大化石的新 

方法 = A new method for the extraction of 

macrofossils from calcareous rocks using 

sulphuric acid. ( 英文 ). Vodr á ž ka R. 

Palaeontology, 2009, 52(1): 187-192 

A new method for the extraction of 

calcified and/or partly pyritized macrofossils 

has been developed. This method is based 

upon the differential speeds for the dissolving 

of microcrystalline and macrocrystalline 

1

calcite in 38% sulphuric acid. The 

effectiveness of the sulphuric acid treatment is 

also influenced by the volume of clay minerals 

in the host rock. Therefore, this method is 

highly applicable for the extraction of 

macrofossils from marlstones, marly 

limestones, and other lithified calcareous 

sediments. The main advantages of this 

method, when compared with other chemical 

methods, are (1) the short treatment time, (2) 

the capability of dissolving the sediment on 

the fossil's surface, and (3) its efficiency in 

dissolving calcareous rocks with low porosity. 

This method has been successfully applied to 

Upper Cretaceous macrofossils from the 

Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. The surface of 

extracted macrofossils remained undamaged, 

exhibiting minute skeletal details; perhaps 

even encrusters and bioerosions. 

2009020005 

地球与生命 : 显生宇生物多样性的起源 = 

Earth and life: origins of Phanerozoic 

diversity. ( 英文 ). McNamara K J. Australian 

Journal of Earth Sciences, 2008, 55(8): 1023- 

1036 

The major patterns in the evolution of life 

during the Phanerozoic are reviewed. Critical 

transitions in the evolution of life that reflect 

increases in ecological complexity are the 

Cambrian radiation; the Ordovician 

biodiversification and its subsequent 

diversification and transition into the Modern 

Marine Fauna following the Permo-Triassic 

mass extinction; the colonisation of land, and 

its subsequent diversification; and the 

biological colonisation of the atmosphere. 

This increase in ecological diversity and 

complexity was often accompanied by 

increases in morphological complexity, arising, 

in part, from elaboration of the developmental 

program. However, it was additionally fuelled 

by increases in diversification and disparity 

arising also from morphological simplification 

in some lineages as developmental program 

became reduced. 

2009020006 

全球显生宙海洋多样性曲线真是全球性的 

吗区域地层记录和全球显生宙海洋多样性 

的关系的实例研究 = Are global Phanerozoic 

marine diversity curves truly global A study 

of the relationship between regional rock 

records and global Phanerozoic marine 

diversity. ( 英文 ). McGowan A J; Smith A B. 

Paleobiology, 2008, 34(1): 80-103 

The consensus view that the amount of rock 

available for sampling does not significantly 

and systematically bias Phanerozoic marine 

diversity patterns has broken down. How 

changes in rock availability and sampling 

intensity affect our estimates of past 

biodiversity has been investigated with a 

variety of new approaches. A number of 

proxies for the amount of rock available for 

sampling have been used, but most of these 

proxies do not rely directly on evidence from 

large-scale geological maps (maps that cover 

small areas) and accompanying memoirs. 

Most previous map-based studies focused on 

single regions or relied on small-scale 

synoptic maps. We collected data from 

published geological maps and memoirs from 

western Europe, Australia, and Chile, which 

we combined with COSUNA data from the 

United States to generate the first 

multiregional data set for investigating 

whether the global Phanerozoic marine 

diversity record is a true global record, or is 

instead biased toward North America and 

Western Europe as has long been suspected. 

Both short and long-term trends in variation in 

the amount of outcrop display limited 

correlation among the regions studied. A 

series of diversification models obtained better 

matches to observed fossil diversity from the 

European and U.S. records than for the 

Chilean and Australian records, further 

supporting suspicions that the global 

Phanerozoic diversity curve is 

disproportionately influenced by European and 

U.S. fossil data. These results indicate that 

future research into Phanerozoic marine 

diversity patterns should not continue to apply 

global eustatic curves as a proxy for rock at 

outcrop, but should use regional data on rock 

occurrence. 

2009020007 

生物矿化的前夜 : 关于骨骼矿物学的控制 

= Eve of biomineralization: Controls on 

skeletal mineralogy. ( 英文 ). Zhuravlev A Yu; 

Wood R A. Geology, 2008, 36(12): 923-926 

Carbonate mineralogies have oscillated 

between aragonite and calcite seas through 

geological time, proposed to be due mainly to 

secular variation in the magnesium/calcium 

ratio driven by changing rates of ocean crust 

production. A quantitative compilation of 

inorganic and biominerals from the onset of 

biomineralization (late Ediacaran – Middle 

Ordovician) reveals a correspondence between 

seawater chemistry and the first adopted 

2

mineralogy of skeletal clades. Ediacaran – 

Tommotian skeletons and inorganic 

precipitates were composed exclusively of 

aragonite or high-Mg calcite, but these were 

replaced by low-Mg calcite mineralogies 

during the early Atdabanian, implying the 

onset of a calcite sea. This transition is 

empirically constrained by fluid inclusion data. 

Late Atbadanian – Botoman inorganic 

precipitates returned to aragonite, with high- 

Mg calcite echinoderms and solitary 

tabulaconids and massive aragonitic 

tabulaconids originating during this interval. 

Middle Cambrian – Ordovician inorganic 

precipitates were low-Mg calcite, and the 

Ordovician radiation in skeletal expression 

was due mostly to groups with low-Mg calcite 

mineralogies. These short-lived transitions can 

be most parsimoniously explained by minor 

oscillations of mMg:Ca around ~2 during this 

period, possibly combined with the 

progressive onset of greenhouse conditions 

during the mid-Late Cambrian. 

2009020008 

意大利中部安科纳蒙特卡尔沃 Trave 剖 

面 : 梅辛阶沉积的综合古生物研究 = The 

Trave section (Monte dei Corvi, Ancona, 

Central Italy): an integrated paleontological 

study of the Messinian deposits. ( 英文 ). 

Iaccarino S M; Bertini A; Di Stefano A. 

Stratigraphy, 2008, 5(3/4): 281-306 

The paleontologic data (calcareous 

nannofossils, foraminifers, ostracods, 

molluscs and pollen) of the Trave section 

(south of Ancona. central Italy) are presented 

in order to describe the fossil content of the 

pre-evaporitic and post-evaporitc units and 

evaluate the paleoenvironmental evolution of 

the sedimentary deposits from the 

Tortonian/Messinian boundary to the top of 

the Messinian. 

Several calcareous plankton bio-horizons 

astronomically calibrated, temporally 

constrain the pre-evaporitic sequence between 

7.44 Ma (FO of Amaurolithus primus) and 

6.35 Ma (sinistral to dextral coiling change in 

Neogloboquadrina acostoensis). Resedimented 

evaporites mark the base of the post-evaporitic 

sub-unit p-ev(1) (5.6 Ma) which is overlain by 

the cyclic stacking pattern of p-ev(2) sub-unit. 

The MP1 3 zone of the Zanclean seals the 

section. The paleontological record of the 

post-evaporitic interval allows to verify that 

the p-ev(1)/p-ev(2) boundary defined in terms 

of facies is well recognizable also in terms of 

bioevents; in fact, a Lago Mare low diversity 

assemblage first occurs a few meters below 

the boundary, while the first Occurrence of 

Loxocorniculina djafarovi, continuously 

present till along the p-ev(2), is observed 

above it. A second change in the overall 

assemblage is recorded a few meters above the 

physical boundary, where the ostracod 

assemblage diversifies and Parathetyan 

dinocysts appear. 

The open marine conditions during the late 

Tortonian gradually turned into the poor 

oxygenated water masses of the early 

Messinian (deposition of organic-rich layers) 

tinder a prevalent humid and warm climate. 

The presence, in the p-ev(1) sub-unit, of 

small-sized foraminifers, reworked calcareous 

plankton, and the absence of ostracods and 

normal marine foraminifer assemblages 

suggest a diluted marine environment due to 

strong runoff responsible for the deposition of 

a great amount of clastic sediments. Towards 

the top of the p-ev(1) and within the P-ev(2) 

the environment changes. The pollen record 

shows well evident wetter/drier fluctuations 

and the benthic foraminifers, ostracods, 

molluscs and dinocysts testify a decreasing 

water depth and alternating oligo-to 

mesohaline waters before the Pliocene deluge. 

2009020009 

显生宙化石贫乏期的时间模式 = Temporal 

patterns of barren intervals in the Phanerozoic. 

( 英文 ). Smith A B; McGowan A J. 

Paleobiology, 2008, 34(1): 155-161 

It has recently been argued that barren 

intervals of marine sedimentary rock are less 

common in the Cenozoic than in the Paleozoic, 

and that this arises as a direct consequence of 

widespread epeiric seas and the prevalence of 

dysaerobic conditions at such times. We show, 

using an independent and more direct measure 

of rock outcrop through time in western 

Europe, that barren marine sedimentary rocks 

do become less frequent toward the present, 

but that this is not linked to any epeiric-seas 

effect. The proportion of barren to 

fossiliferous rock outcrop correlates well with 

the inferred Phanerozoic marine diversity 

curve (although more so in the Paleozoic than 

in the post-Paleozoic), and shows no 

correlation or only a weak negative correlation 

with area over which the sediments have been 

deposited. We therefore concluded that the 

Phanerozoic trend in fossiliferousness most 

likely records the degree to which space is 

occupied in the shallow marine realm. 

3

2009020010 

细胞过度生长是晚前寒武纪大气氧含量不 

断增加的结果 = Cancer as a consequence of 

the rising level of oxygen in the Late 

Precambrian. ( 英文 ). Saul J M; Schwartz L. 

Lethaia, 2007, 40(3): 211-220 

The origin of multicelled animal life 

required collagen-family molecules whose 

own formation depended on the availability of 

molecular oxygen. Cancers, by contrast, are 

characterized by their low use of oxygen. In 

discussing the relationship between the origin 

of multicelled life and the origin of cancer, it 

is useful to think in terms of tissues rather than 

individual cells or complete animals. When 

animal tissues are disturbed, their constituent 

cells may be partially released from the 

constraints of multicellularity. This permits or 

obliges cells to reactivate anaerobic metabolic 

ways used by their single-celled ancestors in 

the oxygen-deficient Precambrian seas. 

Inhibition or loss of cell respiration under such 

circumstances may cause reversion to 

glycolytic fermentation, a less efficient 

metabolic style that generates waste products 

that are retained, thereby producing excess 

cell-growth. Distortion of tissue architecture 

may ensue with impairment of cell-to-cell 

adhesion, thereby liberating individual cells. 

Cells freed from tissue constraints undergo 

Darwinian variation which leads to loss of 

differentiation and produces cell types that are 

incompatible with the normal functioning of 

tissues. These steps, which may manifest 

themselves as carcinogenesis, are not 

reversible by restoration of oxygen and in 

effect constitute a demergence from the 

metazoan state. The existence of cancer 

among diverse phyla and especially among 

domesticated animals, suggests that the risk of 

cancer may be an initial condition of complex 

multicellular life and that it remains 

preferentially associated with newly modified 

designs. If so, there would be therapeutic 

strategies that have not yet been adequately 

considered. 

2009020011 

生物门的起源与癌症 = Origin of the phyla 

and cancer. ( 英文 ). Saul J M. Lethaia, 2007, 

40(4): 359-363 

Multicelled animals with specialized cells 

(metazoans) emerged shortly after rising 

oxygen levels in the seas permitted formation 

of collagen-family molecules. Certain unicells 

then formed 3-D clusters, some with disc- or 

ball-like shapes that happened to resemble 

blastulas. These became unstable beyond a 

certain size due to contrasting metabolic styles 

among their component cells. For whereas 

cells near their exteriors could employ oxygen 

respiration, cells closer to the oxygendeprived 

interiors were obliged to rely on 

anaerobic metabolism (fermentation), a 

process that produces waste molecules that, if 

retained within cells, cause disproportionate 

cell growth. Unstable blastula-like forms 

would either disintegrate or reorganize along 

surfaces of relative weakness in a process that 

may be likened to gastrulation. Initial celldifferentiation 

depended on the quantity and 

diversity of retained fermentation products 

and on the pumping of molecules from cell to 

cell by the consequent electro-chemical 

gradients. In subsequent contexts, oxygen 

deprivation, fermentation, excess cell growth, 

and disintegration or reorganization of tissues 

produce cancer. 

2009020012 

中国西南部埃迪卡拉系最顶部一个新的丰 

富的宏体化石库 = A New Diverse 

Macrofossil Lagerstatte from the Uppermost 

Ediacaran of Southwestern China. ( 英文 ). 

Tang Feng; Yin Chongyu; Liu Pengju; Gao 

Linzhi; Zhang Wenyan. Acta Geologica 

Sinica, 2008, 82(6): 1095-1103 

A new macrofossil Lagerstatte 

was 

discovered from the uppermost Ediacaran 

Jiucheng Member at Jinning and Jiangchuan 

of the eastern Yunnan, yielding numerous 

diverse well-preserved thallophyte 

macrofossils. These include the previouslyknown 

representatives of vendobionts, 

Vendotaenia and Tyrasotaenia, and the 

biggish multicellular benthos such as Chuarialike 

and Tawuia- like fossiis, as well as 

Longfengshaniaceaens with diverse holdfast 

structures. There are still some other 

problematic macrofossils with peculiar 

configurations as well as uncertain relatives. 

The distinct dominance of the giant, 

unbranching thallophytes occasionally with 

holdfast structures distinguishes this 

assemblage from the other Ediacaran 

macrofossil Lagerstattes in the Doushantuo 

Formation at Miaohe, Wenghui and Lantian, 

and the contemporary assemblage in the 

Shibantan Member of Dengying Formation, 

Yangtze Gorges area. This paper outlines the 

characteristics of some of the multicellular 

macrofossils from the Jiucheng Member at 

Jiangchuan. They include some macrofossils 

with different types of holdfast structure, 

larger Chuaria-like and Tawuia-like 

4

morphology and questionable affinities as well. 

The discovery of greater diverse macrofossil 

assemblages from the Jiucheng Member of 

eastern Yunnan has further indicated that an 

important diversification and evolutionary 

radiation of metaphytes took place in the latest 

Ediacaran time. This radiation of largescale, 

benthic metaphyte along with phytoplankton 

was likely important contributors to the early 

Cambrian explosion of metazoans. 

2009020013 

达尔文未发表的笔记和文字中的成种模式 

= Darwin's model of speciation in his 

unpublished notebooks and texts. ( 英文 ). Reif 

W E. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. 

Palaontologie / Abhandlungen, 2008, 248(1): 

45-78 

Darwin's model of speciation is by no 

means as chaotic a claimed in the literature. 

To the contrary, Darwin followedin his 

complex speciation model exactly the 

technique of breeders of plants and animals. 

The goal of the natural breeding process is to 

evolve those cohision factor that Darwin 

regarded as the most important: the sharing of 

an independent, well-developed niche, and 

gne-flow within a rather uniform gene-pool. 

The roots of most presently recognized 

speciation models can be found in Darwin's 

texts, including (i) allopatric, (ii) founder 

principle, (iii) clinal, (iv) stasipatric and (v) 

sympatric speciation. 

2009020014 

对应分析在古生物学中的应用 = The 

application of Correspondence Analysis in 

palaeontology. ( 英文 ). Freudenthal M; Martí 

n-Suárez E; Gallardo J A; Daroca A G A; 

Minwer-Barakat R. Comptes Rendus 

Palevol, 2009, 8(1): 1-8 

Correspondence analysis (CA) is frequently 

used in the interpretation of palaeontological 

data, but little is known about the minimum 

requirements for a result to be valid. Far from 

being a fundamental mathematical study of 

CA, this paper aims to present a tool, which 

may serve to evaluate results obtained in 

(palaeontological) praxis. We created matrices 

of random data, grouped by matrix size and 

varying percentages of zero cells. Each matrix 

was submitted to CA. Per matrix group the 

minimum, mean and maximum percentages of 

total inertia were calculated for the first four 

axes. We compared these results with several 

real cases in vertebrate paleontology. Valid 

conclusions based on CA can only be drawn 

on percentages that are considerably higher 

than the axis percentages obtained from 

random matrices. 

2009020015 

生命进化史 = Evolutionary history of Life. 

( 英文 ). Coppens Y; Padian Kde Ricqlès A; 

Taquet P. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2009, 8(2- 

3): 99-103 

On February 12, 1809, Charles Darwin was 

born in Shrewsbury in Shropshire, England. 

An avid young naturalist, he left in December 

1831 for a five-year world tour on HMS 

Beagle. During this voyage, Darwin collected 

a tremendous quantity of animals and plants, 

and assembled a great number of observations 

on the formation of volcanic islands, the 

construction of coral reefs, the elevation of the 

South American continent, and the geographic 

distribution of species, among other things. 

On his return, he threw himself into the 

publication of the scientific results of the 

voyage, became absorbed with the effects of 

domestication, and plunged into a study of 

cirriped crustaceans (barnacles), all in the 

service of preparing the first sketches of his 

celebrated theory.On November 24, 1859, 

Darwin published the first of six editions of 

his famous work entitled On the Origin of 

Species by means of Natural Selection, or the 

preservation of favored races in the struggle 

for life. Darwin's foundational work implied 

that the appearance of new forms of life was 

the result of a succession of variations whose 

only cause was the influence of external 

conditions. This was a resolutely new and 

seminal approach to the history of life, 

opposed as it was to all notions of finality and 

teleology.The year 2009 will be at the same 

time the bicentennial of the birth of Darwin 

and the 150th anniversary of the publication of 

The Origin of Species. So it will be a year of 

homage to Darwin. The French Academy of 

Sciences has become involved in this 

celebration by publishing two special issues of 

its Comptes Rendues – one in Biologies and 

the other in Palevol – dedicated to Darwinian 

theory and evolution, in its biological and 

paleobiological aspects. 

2009020016 

地球与生命 : 错综复杂的历史 = Earth and 

Life: Imbricated histories. ( 英文 ). Gall J C. 

Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2009, 8(2-3): 105- 

117 

The Earth's history consists in recurrent 

flashbacks of similar events and scenarios: 

5

edistribution of continents, orogenic cycles, 

glaciations, marine transgressions and 

regressions, etc. In contrast, Life's history 

evolves according to a succession of stages: 

prokaryotic stage, eukaryotic cell stage, 

pluricellular organism stage, terrestrialization, 

development of animal societies, hominization. 

With each successive stage the biosphere rises 

to a higher level of organization and 

complexity. This evolution results from the 

natural trend of living organisms to extend 

their control over the entire planet while they 

progressively escape the constraints of the 

aquatic environments and climates. During the 

last four billion years close and complex 

interactions prevailed between the history of 

both the Earth and Life. Living organisms 

have a profound effect on their environment 

and on the processes of the Earth dynamics, 

while the planetary environment controls the 

evolution of living species. Nevertheless, from 

time to time, the fragile equilibrium 

established between Earth's and Life's 

dynamics breaks down and triggers mass 

extinctions. It is presently the case of the 

increasing impact of human activities on the 

integrity of our planet, a major challenge for 

humankind during the 21st century. 

2009020017 

生命进化的生物地理意义 = The 

biogeographic dimension of Life Evolution. 

( 英文 ). Cecca F. Comptes Rendus 

Palevol, 2009, 8(2-3): 119-132 

The role that biogeography plays in the 

mechanisms of biological evolution is strongly 

debated. Darwin’s ideas are discussed in the 

present paper on the basis of a short review of 

the role of the geographic dimension in 

speciation processes, and of the basic concepts 

and classic models of biogeography. 

Darwin’s model of dispersal from a “centre 

of origin ” was proposed when proofs of 

continental motion were not yet conclusive. 

The vicariant model, opposed to the dispersal 

one, is now supported by plate tectonics and 

ocean floor expansion. These two classic 

models of biogeography could correspond to 

cases of biogeographic convergence and 

divergence, which are related to 

palaeogeographic changes. 

2009020018 

寒武纪大爆发与现代生态系的端倪 = The 

Cambrian explosion and the emergence of 

modern ecosystems. ( 法文 ). Vannier J. 


154 

Marine ecosystems with complex trophic 

structure and dominated by animals started to 

build up in the Early Cambrian. Fossil 

evidence from exceptional fossil localities 

such as the Chengjiang Lagerstätte from South 

China indicate a high level of biological 

interactivity (e.g. prey–predator relationships) 

and the colonization of a wide range of 

pelagic and benthic niches by predators, 

scavengers, and detritus and suspension 

feeders. Swimmers are numerous, but there is 

no evidence for the extensive occupation of 

the water column by the Early Cambrian. On 

the contrary, animal life may have 

concentrated in hyperbenthic environments, 

close to the sea bottom. This would have been 

the initial step towards the colonization of the 

whole pelagic realm and the building-up of 

pelagic food chains. A chain of biotic 

innovations and events seems to have 

catalyzed both the animal diversification and 

the build-up of a completely new type of 

ecosytem, with: (1) the achievement of 

complex nervous systems, visual organs and 

motor functions; (2) the introduction of new 

selective pressure (e.g. predation and feedback 

effects); and (3) the colonization of new 

niches. The role of environmental factors (e.g. 

oxygen, water chemistry, climate) may have 

been important in the early stages of metazoan 

evolution, but was probably negligible in the 

ecological turnover itself that takes place in 

the Early Cambrian. Close resemblances 

between the trophic structure of present-day 

ecosystems and that of Cambrian ones are 

confirmed by fossil data and recent 

mathematical models. This unprecedented 

increase of interdependence between animal 

species and trophic levels probably increased 

the general stability of marine ecosystems, but 

made them for the first time in their history, 

highly vulnerable to environmental 

perturbations. This will largely influence the 

post-Cambrian evolution of the marine world. 

2009020019 

达尔文主义死亡还是坚持 : 一位哲学家 

的观点 = Death or persistence of Darwinism 

A philosopher's point of view. ( 法文 ). Gayon 

J. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2009, 8(2-3): 321- 

340 

The article examines why evolutionary 

biologists have been haunted by the question 

whether they are “Darwinian” or “non- 

Darwinian” ever since Darwin's Origin of 

6

species. Modern criticisms addressed to 

Darwinism are classified into two categories: 

those concerning Darwin's hypothesis of 

“ descent with modification ” and those 

addressed to the hypothesis of natural 

selection. In both cases, although the 

particular models that Darwin proposed for 

these two hypotheses have been significantly 

revised and expanded, Darwin's general 

framework has constrained and canalized 

evolutionary research, in the sense that it has 

settled an array of possible theoretical choices. 

Gould's changing attitudes regarding 

Darwinism is taken as a striking illustration of 

this interpretation. 

2009020020 

从 “ 传统 ” 综合到 “ 进化发育超综合 ” 

1970-2009 对进化理论的贡献 : 一种观点 = 

Some contributions to evolutionary theory, 

from the “ orthodox ” Synthesis to the 

“Evo-devo Super synthesis” 1970–2009: 

A point of view.. ( 法文 ). de Ricqlès A; Padian 

K. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2009, 8(2-3): 

341-364 

The “ Modern Synthesis” of evolutionary 

biology coalesced and revitalized evolutionary 

theory beginning in the 1930s. It stressed the 

explanatory power of natural selection and 

gradual change to account for the processes 

that govern natural populations today, as well 

as patterns in the history of life. In the past 40 

years, the synthesis has been challenged on 

various fronts ranging from paleontology to 

developmental biology, systematics, 

biogeography, and molecular and 

developmental biology. Several of its central 

propositions have been modified and 

expanded as a result. How well the synthesis 

continues to be effective will depend on its 

continued ability to test its central 

propositions and the efficacy of its central 

mechanisms, particularly on the basis of new 

evidence from emerging fields of study. 

2009020021 

英国威尔士盆地冰期后赫南特期 ( 晚奥陶 

世 ) 地层的新的对比方案揭示出的沉积和 

动物群事件 = Sedimentary and faunal events 

revealed by a revised correlation of postglacial 

Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) strata in 

the Welsh Basin, UK. ( 英文 ). Davies J R; 

Waters R A; Williams M; Wilson D; 

Schofield D I; Zalasiewicz J A. Geological 

Journal, 2009, 44(3): 322 - 340 

The discovery of a previously unrecognized 

unconformity and of new faunas in the type 

Llandovery area underpins a revised 

correlation of Hirnantian strata in mid Wales. 

This has revealed the sedimentary and faunal 

events which affected the Lower Palaeozoic 

Welsh Basin during the global rise in sea level 

that followed the end-Ordovician glacial 

maximum and has allowed their interpretation 

in the context of local and global influences. 

In peri-basinal shelfal settings the onset of 

post-glacial deepening is recorded by an 

unfossiliferous, transgressive shoreface 

sequence (Cwm Clyd Sandstone and Garth 

House formations) which rests unconformably 

on Rawtheyan rocks, deformed during an 

episode of pre-Hirnantian tectonism. In the 

deep water facies of the basin centre, this 

same sequence boundary is now recognized as 

the contact between fine-grained, resedimented 

mudstones and an underlying 

regressive sequence of turbidite sandstones 

and conglomerates; it is at a level lower than 

previously cited and calls into question the 

established lithostratigraphy. 

In younger Hirnantian strata, graptolites 

associated with the newly recognized 

Ystradwalter Member (Chwefri Formation) 

demonstrate that this distal shelf unit 

correlates with the persculptus graptolitebearing 

Mottled Mudstone Member of the 

basinal succession. Together these members 

record an important macrofaunal 

recolonization of the Welsh Basin and mark a 

key event in the post-glacial transgression. 

Further deepening saw the establishment of a 

stratified water column and the imposition of 

anoxic bottom water conditions across the 

basin floor. 

These post-glacial Hirnantian events are 

consistent with the re-establishment of 

connections between a silled Welsh Basin and 

the open Iapetus Ocean. However, a 

comparison with other areas suggests that 

each event records a separate deepening 

episode within a pulsed glacio-eustatic 

transgression, while also reflecting changes in 

post-glacial climate and patterns of oceanic 

circulation and associated biotic flux. British 

Geological Survey © NERC 2009. All rights 

reserved. 

2009020022 

碳酸盐岩石结构中记录了后生动物种系分 

支的早新元古代起源 = Early Neoproterozoic 

origin of the metazoan clade recorded in 

carbonate rock texture. ( 英文 ). Neuweiler F; 

7

Turner E C; Burdige D J. Geology, 2009, 

37(5): 475-478 

Early Neoproterozoic reefs (older than 779, 

younger than 1083 Ma) contain a carbonate 

rock texture, already familiar from sponge-rich 

Phanerozoic limestones, characterized by 

authigenic Ca carbonate and irregular, 

secondary voids containing internal sediment 

(poly-mud fabric). In Holocene sediment, this 

texture develops by calcification of degrading 

extra-cellular collagenous matrix (ECM) of 

siliceous sponges. ECM calcification of 

siliceous sponges is evident throughout the 

Phanerozoic, and the related polymud fabric is 

a diagnostic petrographic feature of 

Phanerozoic sponge-rich carbonate 

mudmounds. The authigenic Ca carbonate of 

polymuds is interpreted to result from 

connective tissue calcification just beneath the 

seafloor, that, in a kind of taphonomic race, 

takes place at the same time as tissue 

oxidation and associated void formation. It is 

intriguing that ECM is a fundamental 

character of the metazoan clade, and so the 

presence in Early Neoproterozoic rocks of a 

texture directly associated with it implies the 

existence of metazoan-grade organisms at that 

time. This observation pushes back the earliest 

geological evidence for animals by about 200 

m.y. The timing corroborates results of an 

integrated phylochronology and supports the 

concept of a biosphere that persisted through 

the snowball Earth interval 

2009020023 

苏皖北部新元古代宏体碳质化石 = 

Neoproterozoic Millimetric-Centimetric 

Carbonaceous Fossils From Northern Anhui 

And Jiangsu, China. ( 英文 ). 钱迈平 ; 姜杨 ; 余 

明刚 . 古生物学报 , 2009, 48(1): 73-88 

相对于需用显微镜才能看到的微体化石 

而言 , 宏体碳质化石是肉眼可见、个体大 

小达毫米一厘米级、具一定几何形状、在 

地层中呈压扁状保存的独特生物碳化遗留 

物。它们在世界各地的元古代海相泥岩或 

页岩地层中分布较广 , 地质年代范围从古 

元古代到寒武纪 , 尤其在新元古代更显优 

势。宏体碳质化石通常呈微米级厚 , 大小 

范围从略小于 1 到大于 100mm。的片状黑 

一褐色薄膜。它们形态各异 , 变化范围从 

光滑、起皱、扭曲或具环纹的圆形、椭圆 

形、香肠形到不规则的角形等个体。大多 

无清晰稳定的表面装饰或内部构造 , 难以 

进一步分类。在许多标本中 , 原生的压实 

作用引起的折皱方式在某种程度上说明其 

是具有柔软的外壁包裹着活性流体物质的 

海洋生物。苏皖北部新元古界富产宏体碳 

质化石 , 它们主要分布于安徽寿州、凤 

阳、宿州、灵璧 , 江苏铜山及山东苍山等 

地 , 均保存于细腻的粘土含量较高的页岩 

或泥岩中 , 化石保存完好程度与岩性的细 

腻程度成正比。分布较广且数量较多的是 

Chuaria, 其次为 Tawuia, 而表面具细密横 

纹的宏体碳质化石仅见于淮南少数地点的 

刘老碑组、九里桥组 , 以及淮北少数地点 

的史家组、金山寨组和沟后组。它们曾被 

分类命名多达 52 个形态属种。然而 , 后来 

的研究发现 , 其中大多是同物异名、不符 

合国际命名规范及分类地位有问题者 

(Sunand Zhou,1986;Hofmann,1994; 

钱迈平等 ,2000,2008;Dong et a1., 

2008)。经清理甄别归纳后 , 也许只有 4 

个形态属种有效。它们分别是 :1 ) 

Chuaria circularis Walcott,1899, 圆一短 

椭圆形及因埋藏状况呈现的各种变形 , 长 

宽比〈2。表面无稳定装饰 , 呈光滑或常在 

边缘及其附近有环向或斜切向皱纹 ;2) 

Tawuia dalensis Hofmann et Aitken,1979, 

长椭圆一香肠形及因埋藏状况呈现的各种 

变形 , 长宽比 ≥2。表面无稳定装饰 , 呈光 

滑或不定向皱纹 ;3)Tyrasotaenia podolica 

Gnilovskaya,1971, 不分枝的窄长带形 , 

常扭曲纠缠 ; 4 ) Sinosabellidietes 

huainanensis Zheng,1980, 长椭圆一带形 

及因埋藏状况呈现的各种变形 , 长宽比 ≥ 

2, 表面具规则的细密横向条纹或褶皱 , 端 

部浑圆 , 一端具圆盘形固着器。不同生长 

阶段和埋藏状态保存的 Sinosabellidites 

huainanensis 曾经被描述、命名为多达 13 个 

蠕虫类后生动物形态属种 ( 郑文武 , 

1980; 汪贵翔 ,1982; 邢裕盛 ,1984; 邢 

裕盛等 ,1985), 但进一步的研究发现它 

们的大小和形态更加接近绿藻类的蠕环藻 

(Neomeris annulata), 无论哪一种埋藏状 

态保存 ( 压扁、折叠、断裂或破碎 ) 都呈 

现其除了一薄膜层外 , 未见有任何动物的 

结构特征 , 而且所有的埋藏层位也未见有 

动物扰动痕迹 , 如钻孔、潜穴、爬迹和虫 

管等。因此 , 将 Sinosabellidites 

huainanensis 归人后生动物是有很大疑问 

的 , 它们更有可能属于后生植物。对徐淮 

地区新元古代化石生物群的研究显示 :1) 

该区宏体碳质化石以结构简单的 Chuaria, 

Tawuia 为主 , 并出现少量具细密横纹的类 

型 ;2) 表面具细密横纹的宏体碳质化石形 

态上更接近后生植物 —— 绿藻类的蠕环藻 

8

(Neomeris annulata), 而不是蠕虫 ;3) 

这些后物体都是简单的柔软薄皮囊状或带 

状体 , 未见有分枝构造 ;4) 生物群多样化 

程度并不像过去认为的那么高 ;5) 生物群 

所在环境为滨海浅海。由此可见 , 这套化 

石生物群虽然数量较丰富 , 但种类却较单 

调。加上异常发育的叠层石礁 , 这种情况 

与华北古陆东部的辽南地区新元古代化石 

生物群十分相似。与之形成鲜明对照的 

是 , 华南古陆新元古代南沱冰碛岩之上 

的 : 衣新元古代震旦系陡山沱组的化石生 

物群 , 则不但数量丰富而且种类明显多样 

化 , 通常以各种较复杂的具分枝或成束构 

造的宏体碳质化石为特征 , 碳酸盐岩虽发 

育但叠层石已明显衰萎。由此反映 , 新元 

古代冰碛岩也许是很好的区域对比的标志 

层 , 它的上下可能包含了因环境发生重大 

变化而导致早期地球生命演化也经历重大 

转折的地质记录。 

2009020024 

岛屿适应与分化 = Adaptation and 

diversification on islands. ( 英文 ). Losos J B; 

Ricklefs R E. Nature, 2009, 457(7231): 830- 

836 

Charles Darwin's travels on HMS Beagle 

taught him that islands are an important source 

of evidence for evolution. Because many 

islands are young and have relatively few 

species, evolutionary adaptation and species 

proliferation are obvious and easy to study. In 

addition, the geographical isolation of many 

islands has allowed evolution to take its own 

course, free of influence from other areas, 

resulting in unusual faunas and floras, often 

unlike those found anywhere else. For these 

reasons, island research provides valuable 

insights into speciation and adaptive radiation, 

and into the relative importance of 

contingency and determinism in evolutionary 

diversification. 

2009020025 

微演化和宏演化之间的达尔文之桥 = 

Darwin's bridge between microevolution and 

macroevolution. ( 英文 ). Reznick D N; 

Ricklefs R E. Nature, 2009, 457(7231): 837- 

842 

Evolutionary biologists have long sought to 

understand the relationship between 

microevolution (adaptation), which can be 

observed both in nature and in the laboratory, 

and macroevolution (speciation and the origin 

of the divisions of the taxonomic hierarchy 

above the species level, and the development 

of complex organs), which cannot be 

witnessed because it occurs over intervals that 

far exceed the human lifespan. The connection 

between these processes is also a major source 

of conflict between science and religious 

belief. Biologists often forget that Charles 

Darwin offered a way of resolving this issue, 

and his proposal is ripe for re-evaluation in the 

light of recent research 

2009020026 

华南早寒武世海洋缺氧事件 = Early 

Cambrian ocean anoxia in South China. ( 英 

文 ). Jiang Shao-Yong; Pi Dao-Hui; HeubeckC; 

Frimmel H; Liu Yu-Ping. Nature, 2009, 

459(7248): E5-E6 

The cause of the most marked changes in 

the evolution of life, which define the firstorder 

stratigraphic boundary between the 

Precambrian and the Phanerozoic eon, 

remains enigmatic and a highly topical subject 

of debate. A global ocean anoxic event, 

triggered by large-scale hydrogen sulphide 

(H 2 S) release to surface waters, has been 

suggested by Wille et al. 1 , on the basis of two 

data sets from South China and Oman, to 

explain the fundamental biological changes 

across the Precambrian/Cambrian (PC/C) 

boundary. Here we report a new precise 

SHRIMP U – Pb zircon age of 532.3 0.7 

million years (Myr) ago (Fig. 1) for a volcanic 

ash bed in the critical unit that reflects the 

ocean anoxic event, the lowermost black shale 

sequence of the Niutitang Formation in the 

Guizhou Province, South China. This age is 

significantly younger than the precise PC/C 

boundary age of 542.0 0.3 Myr ago 2 , 

approximately 10 Myr younger than the 

extinction of the Ediacaran fauna, and thus 

challenging the view of a major ocean anoxic 

event having been responsible for the major 

changes in the direction of evolution at the 

PC/C boundary. 

2009020027 

演化生物学 : 达尔文如何认识化石 = 

Evolutionary biology: Darwin in the fossils. 

( 英文 ). Hendry A P. Nature, 2008, 451(7180): 

779-780 

Adaptation by natural selection is thought 

to drive evolution. Although it has been 

difficult to confirm this process in the fossil 

record, evidence has been there all along: we 

just haven't been looking properly. 

9

遗迹化石 

2009020028 

美国怀俄明州大角羊盆地古近系 Willwood 

组基于粘着新月型钻孔 (AMB) 的新遗迹 

属和遗迹种 Naktodemasis Bowni = 

Naktodemasis Bowni: New Ichnogenus and 

Ichnospecies for Adhesive Meniscate Burrows 

(AMB), and Paleoenvironmental Implications, 

Paleogene Willwood Formation, Bighorn 

basin, Wyoming. ( 英文 ). Smith J J; Hasiotis S 

T; Kraus M J; Woody D T. Journal of 

Paleontology, 2008, 82(2): 267-278 7 图版 . 

Adhesive meniscate burrows (AMB) are 

common in alluvial paleosols of the Paleogene 

Willwood Formation, Bighorn Basin, 

Wyoming. AMB are sinuous, variably 

oriented burrows composed of a nested series 

of distinct, ellipsoidal packets containing thin, 

tightly spaced menisci subparallel to the 

bounding packet. Menisci are non-pelleted 

and texturally homogeneous with each other 

and the surrounding matrix. AMB were 

constructed most likely by burrower bugs 

(Hemiptera: Cydnidae), cicada nymphs 

(Hemiptera: Cicadae), and less likely by 

scarabaeid (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) or 

carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), based 

on burrow morphology and comparison to 

similar structures produced by these 

organisms in modern soils. Extant burrowing 

insects excavate backfilled burrows in wellrooted 

A and upper B horizons of soils 

generally below field capacity depending on 

soil type. This study demonstrates that AMB 

are distinct morphologically from such 

previously described ichnofossils as 

Beaconites, Laminites, Scoyenia, Taenidium, 

and Ancorichnus. Naktodemasis bowni, a new 

ichnogenus and ichnospecies, represents 

burrows composed of nested ellipsoidal 

packets backfilled with thin, tightly spaced, 

menisci subparallel to the bounding packet. 

The presence of N. bowni indicate periods of 

subaerial exposure associated with pedogenic 

modification under moderately to well-drained 

soil conditions, or during periods of better 

drainage in imperfectly drained soils. N. 

bowni, therefore, can differentiate alluvial 

paleoenvironments from marine and lacustrine 

paleoenvironments, as well as periods of 

subaerial exposure of sediments deposited in 

aquatic settings. 

2009020029 

化石橡瘿保存着古代多种营养的相互作用 

= Fossil oak galls preserve ancient 

multitrophic interactions. ( 英文 ). Stone G N; 

van der Ham R W J M; Brewer J G. 

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: 

Biological Sciences, 2008, 275(1648): 2213- 

2219 

Trace fossils of insect feeding have 

contributed substantially to our understanding 

of the evolution of insect–plant interactions. 

The most complex phenotypes of herbivory 

are galls, whose diagnostic morphologies 

often allow the identification of the gall 

inducer. Although fossil insect-induced galls 

over 300Myr old are known, most are twodimensional 

impressions lacking adequate 

morphological detail either for the precise 

identification of the causer or for detection of 

the communities of specialist parasitoids and 

inquilines inhabiting modern plant galls. Here, 

we describe the first evidence for such 

multitrophic associations in Pleistocene fossil 

galls from the Eemian interglacial (130000– 

115000 years ago) of The Netherlands. The 

exceptionally well-preserved fossils can be 

attributed to extant species of Andricus 

gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) galling 

oaks (Quercus), and provide the first fossil 

evidence of gall attack by herbivorous 

inquiline gallwasps. Furthermore, 

phylogenetic placement of one fossil in a 

lineage showing obligate host plant alternation 

implies the presence of a second oak species, 

Quercus cerris, currently unknown from 

Eemian fossils in northwestern Europe. This 

contrasts with the southern European native 

range of Q. cerris in the current interglacial 

and suggests that gallwasp invasions 

following human planting of Q. cerris in 

northern Europe may represent a return to 

preglacial distribution limits. 

2009020030 

阿根廷门多萨省下 - 中侏罗统 Bardas 

Blancas 组风暴沉积埋葬学和遗迹学 = 

Taphonomy And Ichnology From Storm 

Deposits; In Bardas Blancas Formation 

(Lower-Middle Jurassic), Mendoza, Argentina. 

( 其他 ). Bressan G S; Palma R M. 

Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(3): 513-528 

The Bardas Blancas Formation (Toarcian- 

Bajocian) of the Neuquen Basin in rio 

Potimalal area is characterized on the basis of 

sedimentologic, taphonomic and ichnologic 

criteria. The taphonomic attributes and their 

relation to the lithofacies allow us to 

distinguish five different bioclastic deposits 

(BD): (1) BD1, hummocky cross-stratified 

shell concentrations; (2) BD2, lenticular or 

10

tabular shell concentrations in hummocky 

cross-stratified sandstones; (3) BD3, shell 

"lags"; (4) BD4, complex shell beds; (5) BD5, 

shell beds in massive fine-medium grained 

sandstones. BD3 have been interpreted as 

storm relaxation flows, whereas BD1-BD2 has 

been interpreted as proximal tempestites and 

BD4-BD5 as distal tempestites. Molluscs taxa 

recorded include bivalves, cephalopods and 

gastropods, in order of decreasing of his 

relative abundance. Pholadomya cf. abbreviata 

Hupe, Meleagrinella cf. echinata (Sowerby) 

and Neocrassina andium (Gottsche) are 

present in sandstone facies while, Pholadomya 

laevigata Hupe and Trigonin (Trigonia) sp. are 

abundant in mudstone facies. Ichnofauna 

includes Skolithos and Ophiomorpha that may 

be assigned to the Skolithos ichnofacies, and 

Thalassinoides, Palaeophycus, Planolites and 

Chondrites, assigned to the Cruziana 

ichnofacies. In the stud), area, there are three 

deepening upward successions averaging 26, 

17 and 25 in in thickness. The analysis and 

interpretation of sedimentologic, taphonomic 

and ichnologic features suggests a stormdominated 

shelf, in a zone comprised from 

shoreface and outer shelf areas. 

2009020031 

阿根廷门多萨省牛津阶 La Manga 组遗迹 

化石 Dactyloidites ottoi = The trace 

Dactyloidites ottoi (Geinitz) in the La Manga 

Formation, Oxfordian of Mendoza. ( 其他 ). 

Lazo D G; Palma R M; Piethe R D. 

Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(3): 627-632 

2009020032 

埃及晚白垩世牡蛎壳上的大型钻孔 = 

Macro-borings on Late Cretaceous oysters of 

Egypt. ( 英文 ). El-Hedeny M M; El-Sabbagh 

A M. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. 


273-286 

The present study investigaled traces of 

bioerosion in parautochthonous associations 

of oysters from the Upper Cretaceous of Egypt. 

These traces occurred in great quantity in the 

exteriorsufaces of left valves and more 

abundantly than occurred in the interior 

surfaces, as well as in the surfaces of right 

valves. The recognised borings appeared as 

systems of chambers and tunnels that were 

attributed to the ichnogenera Entobia, 

Maeandropolydora and Gastrochaenolites. Of 

these, the ichnogenus Entobia represents the 

mostdestructive component. 

2009020033 

阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚始新世中期一种切叶蜂 

遗迹化石及对切叶蜂 ( 膜翅目 ) 遗迹化石 

的综述 = A leafcutter bee trace fossil from the 

middle Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina, and a 

review of megachilid (hymenoptera) 

ichnology. ( 英文 ). Sarzetti L C; Labandeira C 

C; Genise J F. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(4): 

933-941 

The ichnospecies Phagophytichnus 

pseudocircus isp. nov. is described to include 

trace fossils characterized by leaf-margin 

excisions showing eccentricity values of 

0.35–0.65 and more than 270 degrees of an 

arc, a non cuspate margin and vein stringers or 

necrotic flaps of tissue along the margin. A 

method for determining ellipse eccentricity 

was performed on leaf discs obtained from the 

nests of the modern leafcutter bee Megachile 

rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), 

which provided objectively obtained values 

comparable to the trace fossil from the middle 

Eocene of Argentina and other world-wide 

ichnological records, historically and 

subjectively considered to be 'circular' trace 

fossils and attributed to leafcutter bees. The 

material described herein represents the first 

evidence for fossil Megachilidae from the 

Southern Hemisphere. 

2009020034 

恐龙足迹的三维模拟与分析 = Threedimensional 

modelling and analysis of 

dinosaur trackways. ( 英文 ). Bates K T; 

Manning P L; Vila B; Hodgetts D. 


Light Detection And Range (LiDAR) 

imaging provides a means to model the 3D 

geometry of fossil tracks in the field with high 

accuracy. This represents a considerable 

advance for the science of vertebrate 

ichnology in which traditional field methods 

suffer from a significant degree of abstraction 

and lack the resolution required to interpret 

tracks quantitatively. Three-dimensional 

LiDAR models provide additional 

morphometric information and allow the 

application of new analytical tools unique to 

the digital environment. The method will 

enable fossil track morphometrics to develop 

into an iterative process that combines 3D 

visualization and multivariate statistical 

methods, blending qualitative and quantitative 

approaches and allowing track morphologies 

to be compared holistically. Modelling of 

11

trackways from Fumanya (south-east Pyrenees) 

using LiDAR has enabled variation in linear 

track dimensions to be explained by the varied 

contribution of different modes of shear with 

increasing depth below the foot/sediment 

interface. Features in the relief of pes traces 

indicate that subsurface zones within their 

track volumes are defined by the interaction of 

puncture and local shear, below a surface zone 

of liquefaction failure now lost to erosion. 

This model of mechanical failure enables a 

preliminary review of the pedal kinematics of 

titanosaurid sauropod dinosaurs and suggests 

multiphase loading of the sediment by the 

titanosaurid pes. However, from inspection of 

these 3D surfaces alone it is not possible to 

differentiate between the possibility of one or 

two discrete phases of pedal motion preceding 

the toe-off event at the maximum height of the 

support phase. By integrating LiDAR models 

with analogue modelling within a 3D digital 

environment it will be possible to clarify such 

interpretations of fossil tracks and the 

locomotor mechanics of extinct animals. 

2009020035 

从遗迹学角度深刻认识现代古生物学 = 

Ichnological insights into mitrate 

palaeobiology. ( 英文 ). Rahman I A; Jefferies 

R; S ü dkamp W H; Smith R. 


Mitrates are a controversial group of extinct 

deuterostomes; there is little agreement over 

their affinities, functional morphology or even 

the orientation of their upper and lower 

surfaces. Four slabs of slate from the Lower 

Devonian Hunsr ü ck Slate (Bundenbach, 

Germany) are here described, showing trace 

fossils (Vadichnites transversus igen. et isp. 

nov.) associated with the mitrate Rhenocystis 

latipedunculata. These new findings clearly 

demonstrate that the mitrate appendage was 

used in locomotion and that this movement 

took place appendage-first. Such a functional 

interpretation suggests that mitrates were 

oriented with the flat body surface upwards in 

life and argues against a phylogenetic position 

in the echinoderm crown-group. 

2009020036 

阿根廷 Fuegian 安第斯克鲁兹迹、螺旋潜 

迹和类沙蚕迹遗迹相的新生代遗迹化石 = 

Cenozoic trace fossils of the Cruziana, 

Zoophycos and Nereites ichnofacies from the 

Fuegian Andes, Argentina. ( 其他 ). Cabrera M 

I L; Olivero E B; Carmona N B. 

Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(2): 377-392 

The systematics, paleoenvironmental 

implications, and diversity of Cenozoic trace 

fossils from the Fuegian Andes are studied. 

The relatively complete Paleocene-Miocene 

stratigraphic column includes 

ichnoassemblages of the Cruziana (Leticia 

Formation, late Middle Eocene), Zoophycos 

and Nereites (Early Eocene-Early Miocene 

turbidite systems) ichnofacies. The last two 

ichnoasemblages contain the only known deep 

marine Cenozoic trace fossils in Argentina. 

The late Middle Eocene Leticia Formation 

represents a transgressive-regressive cycle and 

bears the ichnogenera Curvolithus, 

Diplocraterion, Gyrochorte, Rosselia, 

Patagonichnus, Asterosoma, Palaeophycus, 

Paradictyodora, Planolites, Rhizocorallium, 

Schaubcylindrichinus, Taenidium, and 

Teichichnus. Ichnogenera of the Early 

Eocene-Early Miocene turbidite systems 

include Scolicia, Chondrites, Gyrophyllites, 

Nereites, Phycodes, Phycosiphon, 

Phymatoderma, Stelloglyphus, Zoophycos, 

Ophiomorpha and graphoglyptids. 

Graphoglyptids are dominated by 

Paleodictyon, Helicolithus, Helminthorhaphe, 

Desmograpton and Megagrapton. They are 

recorded in thin-bedded turbidites and 

mudstones (lobe deposits) and assigned to the 

Paleodictyon ichnosubfacies (Nereites 

ichnofacies). Ophiomorpha rudis and O. 

annulata are common at the contact between 

thick-bedded turbidites and mudstones, with 

abundant plant fragments. In sandrich, 

proximal channel-lobe deposits, they 

characterize the Ophiomorpha rudis 

ichnosubfacies (Nereites ichnofacies). Scolicia 

prisca and Nereites isp. are common in rippled 

fine-grained sandstones interbedded with thin 

mudstones. Zoophycos ispp. are dominant in 

slope mudstones with synsedimentary 

slumping. The maximum ichnodiversity is 

recorded in the late Middle-Late Eocene; 

which is concomitant with a marked cooling 

trend. The basal Oligocene displays an abrupt 

drop in diversity, whereas the Early Miocene 

shows a moderate diversity. These data do not 

support the alleged control of increased 

Eocene ichnodiversity by global warming 

during the Cenozoic thermal maximum. 

Specialized food competition, particularly for 

the graphoglyptid organisms, and generalized 

oligotrophy seem to offer a better explanation 

2009020037 

12

远源冲积扇中的三叠纪遗迹动物群 : 来自 

阿根廷库约盆地 Cerro Puntudo 组的证据 

= Triassic ichnofaunas in distal alluvial fans: 

Evidence from the Cerro Puntudo formation, 

Cuyo Basin, Argentina. ( 其他 ). Krapovickas 

V; Mangano M G; Mancuso A. 

Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(2): 463-472 

Alluvial fan deposits of the Cerro Puntudo 

Formation (Triassic, Cuyo Basin, San Juan 

province) contain a low-diversity ichnofauna. 

The analyzed section indicates sedimentation 

in the most distal portion of an alluvial fan 

system. Palaeophycus tubularis Hall, 

Palaeophycus striatus Hall, and small subhorizontal 

and inclined trace fossils occur in 

laterally extensive tuffaceous limestone, 

interpreted as playa-lake deposits originated 

by flash floods. They are attributed to the 

Scoyenia, ichnofacies. Massive and trough 

cross-stratified medium- and fine-grained 

sandstones, filling small channelized bodies, 

contains a monospecific association of sparse 

Skolithos isp. illustrating the Skolithos 

ichnofacies. Low diversity, moderate 

abundance, and the presence of simple 

dwelling structures suggest an opportunistic 

association. Based on cross-cutting 

relationships among biogenic structures and 

preservation of morphological details, an 

evolution from a soft to a relatively firm 

substrate is proposed. Two suites have been 

distinguished in connection to progressive 

dewatering of floodplain sediments: 1) 

Palaeophycus tubularis Hall and small subhorizontal 

and inclined trace fossils, 

developed in a soft substrate, and 2) 

Palaeophycus striatus Hall associated with 

small sub-horizontal and inclined trace fossils, 

developed in a relatively firm substrate. 

2009020038 

威尔士西南部 Marloes 湾灰岩大卵石上的 

现代生物钻孔 = Recent borings in limestone 

cobbles from Marloes Bay, southwest Wales. 

( 英文 ). Donovan S K; Fearnhead F E; 

Underwood C J. Lethaia, 2007, 40(3): 233- 

236 

Limestone clasts from the beach at Marloes 

Sands, southwest Wales, contain slender, 

straight to sinuous borings cross-cut by 

younger, clavate borings. The former were 

probably produced by sipunculids or 

polychaetes; the latter preserve shells of the 

boring bivalve Gastrochaena dubia (Pennant). 

Unusually, the calcareous linings of the 

clavate bivalve borings extend into many of 

the slender worm borings. Such linings are 

considered part of the hard parts of the 

producing bivalve, but the chance association 

of the two morphologies of borings has led to 

the lining becoming intimately associated with 

both of them. The modified linings of the 

bivalve borings have a similar morphology to 

the crypt of certain clavagellid bivalves, 

perhaps presenting an analogue for the 

morphology of a pre-clavagellid, boring 

ancestor. 

2009020039 

爱沙尼亚奥陶纪变口苔藓虫类内的钻孔 — 

— 同一造迹生物产生两个遗迹属 , 宿主形 

态控制的一个案例 = Borings in trepostome 

bryozoans from the Ordovician of Estonia: 

two ichnogenera produced by a single maker, 

a case of host morphology control. ( 英文 ). 

Jackson P N W; Key M M Jr. Lethaia, 2007, 

40(3): 237-252 

The evolution of borings has shown that the 

morphology of borings is a function of both 

the borer and its substrate. This study 

investigated the effect of bryozoan internal 

skeletal morphology on the dimensions and 

distribution of borings. One hundred and 

forty-three trepostome colonies from the 

Middle and Upper Ordovician strata of 

northern Estonia were examined. Of these, 

80% were matrix entombed, longitudinally 

sectioned ramose and hemispherical colonies, 

and 20% were matrix-free hemispherical 

colonies that allowed examination of the 

colony surfaces. Seventy-one percent of the 

ramose colonies were bored, whereas 88% of 

the hemispherical colonies were bored. On 

average, only 8% of colony surface areas were 

bored out. Borings were more randomly 

oriented in the hemispherical colonies. In 

contrast in the ramose colonies, the borings 

tended to more restricted to the thin-walled 

endozone and thus parallel to the branch axis. 

This is interpreted to be a function of the 

thick-walled exozones controlling to some 

extent where the borer could bore. Based on 

morphology, the borings in the hemispherical 

colonies are referred to Trypanites and those 

in the ramose colonies to Sanctum. Sanctum is 

revised to include two possible openings and 

to recognize that boring shapes were 

inherently constrained by the thick-walled 

exozones of the host bryozoan colonies. Both 

trace fossils were probably produced by a 

boring polychaete that used the tubes as 

domiciles. 

2009020040 

13

华盛顿奥林匹克半岛 Humptulips 组始新世 

甲烷渗析灰岩中与 callianassid 类实体化石 

有关的甲壳动物遗迹化石 Palaxius = The 

crustacean ichnofossil Palaxius associated 

with callianassid body fossils in an Eocene 

methane-seep limestone, Humptulips 

Formation, Olympic Peninsula, Washington. 

( 英文 ). Peckmann J; Senowbari-Daryan B; 

Birgel D; Goedert J L. Lethaia, 2007, 40(3): 

273-280 

Crustacean microcoprolites are preserved 

along with crustacean megafossils in an 

Eocene limestone within the Humptulips 

Formation in Grays Harbor County, 

Washington. The limestone formed at a 

methane seep, as revealed by early diagenetic 

carbonate phases resembling those of other 

seep limestones, δ 13 C carbonate values as low as 

−27‰, and lipid biomarkers of prokaryotes 

involved in anaerobic oxidation of methane 

with δ 13 C values as low as −110 ‰ . 

Recognizable crustacean megafossils are 

chiefly isolated chelipeds, akin to those of 

callianassid shrimp. The microcoprolites are 

pierced by ten longitudinal canals with 

crescent-shaped outlines in cross-section, 

arranged in two symmetrical groups. The 

symmetry plan and number of canals of the 

microcoprolites identify the Humptulips 

ichnospecies as Palaxius habanensis 

Brönnimann & Norton. The occurrence of 

decapod fossils along with microcoprolites 

suggests that callianassid shrimp were the 

producers of the Palaxius, supporting earlier 

work that attributed this ichnogenus to 

callianassids. 

2009020041 

在岩石与硬地之间 —— 节肢动物行迹和遗 

迹分类学 = Between a rock and a hard place: 

arthropod trackways and ichnotaxonomy. ( 英 

文 ). Minter N J; Braddy S J; Davis R B. 

Lethaia, 2007, 40(4): 365-375 

Several challenges exist in ichnotaxonomy: 

overcoming the perceived distinction between 

invertebrate and vertebrate ichnotaxonomy, 

standardizing terminology, rationalizing the 

plethora of ichnotaxa already in existence, and 

developing principles for diagnosing new 

ichnotaxa. Ichnotaxa should be based on 

morphology, and this morphology 

incorporates three key components; the 

behaviour expressed, the producer, and the 

substrate. Invertebrate and vertebrate 

ichnotaxa can both be accommodated within 

this framework, but they differ in the relative 

contributions of these components. The key to 

justifying the synonymy of existing ichnotaxa 

is the recognition of intergrading specimens. 

However, this is only the case for minor 

morphological variants (i.e. those representing 

minor differences in behaviour, such as gait 

parameters or stance; or minor differences in 

preservation, such as undertrack fallout or 

slight differences in substrate conditions). 

Intergrading specimens should not be used to 

justify synonymy between major 

morphological variants (i.e. those representing 

major behavioural differences, defined herein 

as ethological categories; or major differences 

in preservation, such as formation in soup, soft 

and firmgrounds), and such specimens should 

be denoted as hybrids (e.g. Cruziana × 

Rusophycus). New ichnotaxa should ideally be 

based on observations of large samples of 

material, so that recurrence is demonstrable, 

and morphological continuums, or subset 

relationships, representing minor 

morphological variation, are identified. 

Ichnotaxa may only be erected on the basis of 

limited material if they truly represent a 

unique morphology. These principles have 

been developed with arthropod trackways in 

mind, but it is hoped that they will be of more 

general utility. 

2009020042 

阿根廷西北部上三叠统 Ischigualasto 组的 

大型潜穴 = Large-diameter burrows in the 

Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation, 

Northwestern Argentina. ( 英文 ). Colombi C E; 

Jofre C; Currie B S. Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(4): 

795-799 

2009020043 

中寒武世遗迹化石 Archaeonossa 的模式标 

本 = The type specimens (Middle Cambrian) 

of the trace fossil Archaeonossa Fenton and 

Fenton. ( 英文 ). Yochelson E L; Fedonkin M 

A. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1997, 

34(9): 1210–1219 

The original description of Archaeonossa, 

from beds considered Early Cambrian but now 

dated as early Middle Cambrian, included at 

least two unrelated forms of trace fossils. The 

ichnogenus and the type ichnospecies are 

redefined, a lectotype is designated, and the 

type material is reiilustrated, along with 

topotype material from Yoho National Park, 

British Columbia. Although this trace fossil 

was originally attributed to movement by a 

gastropod, it is concluded, on the basis of 

14

estudy, that the type occurrence should not be 

used as evidence of activity by Gastropoda. 

分子古生物学 

2009020044 

新西兰陆生动物群的演化 : 分子证据的评 

述 = Evolution of New Zealand's terrestrial 

fauna: a review of molecular evidence. ( 英文 ). 

Goldberg K; Trewick S A; Paterson A M. 

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal 


363(1508): 3319-3334 

New Zealand biogeography has been 

dominated by the knowledge that its 

geophysical history is continental in nature. 

The continental crust (Zealandia) from which 

New Zealand is formed broke from 

Gondwanaland ca 80Ma, and there has existed 

a pervading view that the native biota is 

primarily a product of this long isolation. 

However, molecular studies of terrestrial 

animals and plants in New Zealand indicate 

that many taxa arrived since isolation of the 

land, and that diversification in most groups is 

relatively recent. This is consistent with 

evidence for species turnover from the fossil 

record, taxonomic affinity, tectonic evidence 

and observations of biological composition 

and interactions. Extinction, colonization and 

speciation have yielded a biota in New 

Zealand which is, in most respects, more like 

that of an oceanic archipelago than a continent. 

2009020045 

利用氨基酸外消旋对再生化石进行鉴定 = 

Identification of remanié fossils using amino 

acid racemisation. ( 英文 ). Murray-Wallace C 

L; Belperio A P. Alcheringa, 1994, 18(3): 219 

- 227 

The extent of racemisation for a range of 

amino acids for the total acid hydrolysate and 

free fractions, calibrated against radiocarbon 

dating, indicates that the foraminifer 

Marginopora vertebralis, found within 

'modern' tidal flat sediments between 

Wardang Island and Goose Island, South 

Australia, is reworked from the underlying 

Late Pleistocene Glanville Formation. 

Analyses of amino acids in the total acid 

hydrolysate and free fractions in conjunction 

with the determination of absolute 

concentrations of amino acid residues in 

fossils, provides an elegant method for 

assessing the validity of amino acid 

racemisation dating, and in identifying 

reworked fossils 

2009020046 

从复活的蛋白质推断前寒武纪生命的古温 

度趋势 = Palaeotemperature trend for 

Precambrian life inferred from resurrected 

proteins. ( 英文 ). Gaucher E A; Govindarajan 

S; Ganesh O K. Nature, 2008, 451(7179): 

704-707 

Biosignatures and structures in the 

geological record indicate that microbial life 

has inhabited Earth for the past 3.5 billion 

years or so 1, 2 . Research in the physical 

sciences has been able to generate statements 

about the ancient environment that hosted this 

life 3, 4, 5, 6 . These include the chemical 

compositions and temperatures of the early 

ocean and atmosphere. Only recently have the 

natural sciences been able to provide 

experimental results describing the 

environments of ancient life. Our previous 

work with resurrected proteins indicated that 

ancient life lived in a hot environment 7, 8 . Here 

we expand the timescale of resurrected 

proteins to provide a palaeotemperature trend 

of the environments that hosted life from 3.5 

to 0.5 billion years ago. The thermostability of 

more than 25 phylogenetically dispersed 

ancestral elongation factors suggest that the 

environment supporting ancient life cooled 

progressively by 30 °C during that period. 

Here we show that our results are robust to 

potential statistical bias associated with the 

posterior distribution of inferred character 

states, phylogenetic ambiguity, and 

uncertainties in the amino-acid equilibrium 

frequencies used by evolutionary models. Our 

results are further supported by a nearly 

identical cooling trend for the ancient ocean as 

inferred from the deposition of oxygen 

isotopes. The convergence of results from 

natural and physical sciences suggest that 

ancient life has continually adapted to changes 

in environmental temperatures throughout its 

evolutionary history 

2009020047 

襟鞭毛虫个体 Monosiga brevicollis 的基因 

与后生动物起源 = The genome of the 

choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis and the 

origin of metazoans. ( 英文 ). King N; 

Westbrook M J; Young S L; Kuo A. 

Nature, 2008, 451(7179): 783-788 

Choanoflagellates are the closest known 

relatives of metazoans. To discover potential 

molecular mechanisms underlying the 

evolution of metazoan multicellularity, we 

15

sequenced and analysed the genome of the 

unicellular choanoflagellate Monosiga 

brevicollis. The genome contains 

approximately 9,200 intron-rich genes, 

including a number that encode cell adhesion 

and signalling protein domains that are 

otherwise restricted to metazoans. Here we 

show that the physical linkages among protein 

domains often differ between M. brevicollis 

and metazoans, suggesting that abundant 

domain shuffling followed the separation of 

the choanoflagellate and metazoan lineages. 

The completion of the M. brevicollis genome 

allows us to reconstruct with increasing 

resolution the genomic changes that 

accompanied the origin of metazoans. 

古生态学 

2009020048 

海床上捕食胜于竞争 = Predation defeats 

competition on the seafloor. ( 英文 ). Stanley S 

M. Paleobiology, 2008, 34(1): 1-21 

For many decades, ecology textbooks 

presented classical competition theory without 

reservation. The central principle here is that 

two species sharing an essential resource that 

is in limited supply cannot coexist for long 

because the competitively superior species 

will eliminate the other one. The implication 

is that ecological communities should be 

characterized by division of resources among 

species, or niche partitioning. Thus, it is 

understandable that many paleontologists have 

continued to invoke concepts of competitive 

exclusion and niche partitioning in their 

studies of ancient guilds and communities. By 

now, however, there is a large body of 

neontological literature demonstrating that 

interspecific competition and resource 

partitioning play only a minor role in many 

ecological communities— especially benthic 

marine communities, which are the primary 

focus of the following discussion. Predation 

and physical disturbance inflict so much 

damage on biotas of the seafloor that 

populations of one species seldom monopolize 

a potentially limiting resource, except 

sporadically and locally. As a result, it is 

uncommon for any species to drive another to 

extinction through competitive exclusion—or 

even to force another species to drastically 

change its exploitation of any environmental 

resource throughout its geographic range. 

Furthermore, what particular species or group 

of species occupies a particular microhabitat is 

often simply a matter of time of arrival. 

2009020049 

阿根廷前科迪勒拉石炭纪和下二叠统贝壳 

层 : 时间变化和与显生宙趋势的关系 = 

Carboniferous and Lower Permian shell beds 

in Precordillera Argentina. Temporal 

variations and relationships with the trends 

proposed for the Phanerozoic. ( 其他 ). Sterren 

A F. Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(2): 303-320 

Taphonomic and biodiversity studies of 

Carboniferous and Permian shell beds 

recorded in several sections from the Rio 

Blanco-Paganzo and Calingasta-Uspallata 

basins are carried out. Two parameters of 

bioclastic accumulations are analyzed: 

taxonomic composition and thickness. The 

analysis of the taxonomic composition 

revealed that molluscan-dominated 

concentrations predominate in both periods, 

being rhynchonelliform-dominated ones more 

abundant during the Carboniferous than 

during the Early Permian. The distribution of 

thickness ranges exhibits a relative increase 

through the studied interval, reaching a 

maximum of 30 cm. Studied bioclastic 

deposits, are relatively thin and are composed 

of distinctive elements of the Modern Fauna; 

hence they could be included in a "mixed" 

style. On taxonomic grounds the transition 

between styles appeared to take place toward 

the ending of the Paleozoic, and might have 

been driven by a biotic factor related to the 

relatively early diversification of infaunal 

bivalves. The increase in thickness 

documented in the studied interval is the result 

of the sedimentary dynamics in different areas 

of the basins. Patterns of biodiversity among 

mollusks and brachiopods show significantly 

higher levels of richness in the Permian than 

in the Carboniferous, a feature that is also 

evident in the composition of fossiliferous 

concentrations. The superposition of styles 

herein documented suggests that the 

Neopaleozoic is a key interval to test the local 

expressions of global models. 

2009020050 

3.76 亿年前泥盆纪化石形态变化的气候控 

制的记录 = Record of climate-driven 

morphological changes in 376 Ma Devonian 

fossils. ( 英文 ). Balter V; Renaud S; Girard C; 

Joachimski M M. Geology, 2008, 36(11): 907- 

910 

The Lower and Upper Kellwasser horizons 

represent two anoxic events that mark the 

mass extinction at the Frasnian-Famennian (F- 

F) boundary. Among other groups, conodont 

animals were severely affected, but the genus 

16

Palmatolepis survived with a complete 

turnover at the F-F boundary. Here the fine 

morphological variations of the genus 

Palmatolepis and the sea-surface temperature 

evolution are quantified in two F-F boundary 

sections using morphometrics and oxygen 

isotopic composition of apatite, respectively. 

In accordance with other F-F sections, the 

isotope records show two positive excursions 

of ~1 during the Lower and Upper Kellwasser 

anoxic events. The conodont shape and the 

oxygen isotopic composition of the genus 

Palmatolepis are significantly correlated 

within the Frasnian and Famennian Stages, 

suggesting a strong environmental influence 

on the morphology of the feeding apparatus of 

the conodont animal. We propose that the 

morphological differences are linked to 

changes in the trophic position of 

Palmatolepis: enhanced organic carbon burial, 

which is supported by global positive carbon 

isotope excursions in inorganic and organic 

carbon during both the Lower and Upper 

Kellwasser events altered the primary biomass 

production and thus, the subsequent nutrient 

supply to higher trophic levels. While the 

carbon and oxygen isotopic shifts are of 

similar amplitude during Lower and Upper 

Kellwasser events, the variation of the shape 

of Palmatolepis during the Upper Kellwasser, 

i.e., the F-F boundary, is more pronounced 

than during the Lower Kellwasser. 

2009020051 

碳同位素比值的横向趋势揭示巴基斯坦锡 

瓦利克中新世植被的梯度 = Lateral trends in 

carbon isotope ratios reveal a Miocene 

vegetation gradient in the Siwaliks of Pakistan. 

( 英文 ). Morgan ME; Behrensmeyer A K; 

Badgley C; Barry J C; Nelson S; Pilbeam D. 

Geology, 2000, 37(1): 103-106 

Isotopic analyses of mammalian tooth 

enamel from a well-defined, laterally 

extensive 150 k.y. interval (9.15–9.30 Ma) 

reveal an ecological gradient in vegetation on 

the late Miocene sub-Himalayan alluvial plain. 

Two contemporaneous river systems 

deposited the sediments of this interval, with a 

mountain-sourced system (herein, Blue-gray) 

to the southwest interfingering with a foothillsourced 

system (Buff) to the northeast. Fossil 

mammal teeth collected from a 32 km transect 

across this fluvial gradient are significantly 

more depleted in 

13 C from northeastern 

localities than from southwestern localities. 

This trend occurs in equids, giraffids, suids, 

sivapithecine hominoids, and anthracotheres. 

We propose that the Buff fluvial system 

provided more equably moist substrate 

conditions and supported more closed-canopy 

vegetation than the Blue-gray fluvial system. 

Herbivores living along the paleovegetation 

gradient thus acquired different carbon 

isotopic signatures during the period of tooth 

enamel formation, resulting from higher 13 C 

values in the forage supported by the Bluegray 

fluvial system compared with forage 

associated with the Buff system. The data also 

imply that many Siwalik mammalian 

herbivores displayed marked fidelity in 

juvenile home ranges and habitats. 

2009020052 

新西兰旺加努伊盆地中更新世 Waiomio 介 

壳层 = The Mid Pleistocene Waiomio 

Shellbed (Castlecliffian, c. 550-600 ky), 

Wanganui Basin, New Zealand. ( 英文 ). 

Stephen T. Abbott. Alcheringa, 1992, 16(2): 

171 - 180 

A new outcrop of the Waiomio Shellbed is 

described from the west bank of the Rangitikei 

River, near Porewa. The shellbed comprises 

cross-bedded pebbly-shell conglomerate 

containing a rich intertidal assemblage of 

estuarine (Macomona liliana, Cominella 

glandiformis, Austrovenus stutchburyi) and 

shore face (Paphies subtriangulata, Mactra 

discors, Spisula aequilatera, Dosinia 

(Phacosoma) subrosea) Mollusca. This site 

contains previously undescribed units, and the 

names Waiomio Formation (which includes 

the basal Waiomio Shellbed) and Reu Reu 

Formation are introduced. The excellent 

exposure demonstrates the position of the 

Waiomio Shellbed within a complete 

cyclothem, facilitating interpretation in terms 

of sequence stratigraphic concepts. A basal 

disconformity (sequence boundary) truncating 

a palaeosol horizon (lowstand systems tract), 

is overlain by the Waiomio Formation 

(transgressive systems tract), and is succeeded 

by the Reu Reu Formation, comprising an in 

situ shellbed (condensed section) and massive 

siltstone (highstand systems tract). The 

complete sequence is compared with its 

probable equivalent in the Wanganui coast 

section, which correlates with oxygen isotope 

stage 15. 

2009020053 

港湾沉积中指向岸的暴风雨事件的化石证 

据的导向性研究 : 加拿大新斯科舍 

Chezzetcook 小湾 = Pilot study of fossil 

evidence of onshore-directed storm events in 

17

estuarine sediments: Chezzetcook Inlet, Nova 

Scotia. ( 英文 ). Schafer C T; Medioli F S. 

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2009, 

46(3): 193–205 

Sediment cores collected from the landward 

side of a baymouth barrier in a lower estuarine 

environment of Chezzetcook Inlet contain 

proxy “signals” of onshore-directed storms 

that are manifested by the sudden appearance 

of benthic and planktic Foraminifera species. 

These taxa have been eroded and transported 

from adjacent inner shelf open-marine 

environments. One relatively strong onshoredirected 

storm (hurricane) event appears to 

have caused a reduction in seawater exchange 

in the southeastern part of the inlet that 

persisted for at least several decades. In this 

particular barrier-protected lower estuarine 

depositional environment, foraminiferal 

storm-indicator species distributions in older 

sediments seem to be spatially patchy. 

Consequently, in this Chezzetcook 

depositional setting, the successful 

reconstruction of a complete proxy storm 

record will require replicate coring and highfrequency 

core subsampling strategies. 

2009020054 

晚侏罗世鱼耳石和软体动物共生的同位素 

分析 : 对海洋上层水温测定的意义 = 

Isotopic analysis of coexisting Late Jurassic 

fish otoliths and molluscs: Implications for 

upper-ocean water temperature estimates. ( 英 

文 ). Price G D; Wilkinson D; Hart M B; Page 

K N. Geology, 2009, 37(3): 215-218 

The 18 O compositions of well-preserved 

Jurassic fish otoliths from Wootton Bassett, 

UK, provide upper-ocean paleotemperatures 

that are comparable with those derived from 

the isotopic analysis of fish tooth phosphates, 

providing independent scrutiny of such 

paleotemperatures. 18 O otolith temperatures in 

excess of 30 ° C also rival temperatures 

associated with the middle Cretaceous thermal 

maximum. The negative carbon isotopes of the 

otoliths may point to a freshwater influence 

and potentially migratory nature of the fish. 

However, given the large departures from 

equilibrium fractionation toward more 

negative carbon values reported from modern 

marine fish, we consider our temperature 

interpretations to be robust and representative 

of the marine depositional environment. 

Depleted 13 C values, we believe, suggest that 

the otoliths examined in this study belong to 

fish with high metabolic rates. 

2009020055 

珊瑚 Acropora cervicornisdui 对环境变化 

的影响来自早至中全新世的证据 = How 

vulnerable is Acropora cervicornis to 

environmental change Lessons from the early 

to middle Holocene. ( 英文 ). Greer L; Jackson 

J E;Curran A H; Guilderson T; Teneva L. 

Geology, 2009, 37(3): 263-266 

The coral Acropora cervicornis is 

considered a modern environmental indicator 

species, vulnerable to anthropogenic stress 

and rapidly disappearing throughout the 

Caribbean. Causes for its decline have been 

attributed to both natural and anthropogenic 

factors. Physical and geochemical data are 

used to explore conditions under which this 

species thrived in early to middle Holocene 

reef deposits (ca. 9.4 – 5.4 ka) of the 

Enriquillo Valley, southwestern Dominican 

Republic. This study shows that A. cervicornis 

flourished during a 4000 yr period spanning 

the Holocene Thermal Maximum, and highresolution 

radiocarbon dating reveals 

continuous growth for at least 2000 yr. 

Holocene A. cervicornis survived large-scale 

climate and environmental changes that 

included high temperatures, variable salinity, 

hurricanes, and rapid sea-level rise with 

remarkable resilience. Our data suggest that 

the recent decline in A. cervicornis is 

anomalous and likely tied to ecosystem change 

beyond natural causes. 

2009020056 

加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚中部中威斯康辛阶 

的沉积和古生态 : 沿 Necoslie 及 Nautley 

河的地点 = Middle Wisconsinan sediments 

and paleoecology of central British Columbia: 

sites at Necoslie and Nautley rivers. ( 英文 ). 

Plouffe A; Jetté H. Canadian Journal of Earth 

Sciences, 1997, 34(2): 200–208 

At two sites in central British Columbia, 

sediments with dispersed organic matter, 

underneath Fraser Glaciation deposits, are 

interpreted as nonglacial deposits of Middle 

Wisconsinan age (Olympia Nonglacial 

Interval). At Necoslie River, undated sand 

with dispersed organic matter, thought to be 

fluvial in origin, is overlain by Fraser drift. At 

Nautley River, similar sand contains plant 

detritus that has yielded 

14 C ages of 

38 230 ± 410 BP (Beta-88557) and 

42460 ± 670 BP (Beta-88558). Pollen 

assemblages of the sediments with dispersed 

organic matter at the Necoslie River and 

18

Nautley River sites are similar: both 

assemblages are dominated by herb pollen, 

with a lesser amount of tree pollen. The pollen 

assemblages are thought to reflect a tundratype 

vegetation. Because vegetation in the 

area is presently dominated by spruce and 

subalpine fir forest, climate during deposition 

probably was much cooler than today. Data 

presented here support the contention of other 

studies in western Canada that cooler climatic 

conditions existed for some time during the 

Middle Wisconsinan. 

2009020057 

加拿大安大略马拉通附近早冰后期化石组 

合的时代和古生态意义 = Age and 

paleoecological significance of an early 

postglacial fossil assemblage near Marathon, 

Ontario, Canada. ( 英文 ). Bajc A F; Morgan A 

V; Warner B G. Canadian Journal of Earth 

Sciences, 1997, 34(5): 687–698 

Organic materials recovered from deltaic 

deposits confined to the Black River Valley 

near Marathon, Ontario, provide information 

on lake-level history and local ecology for the 

region. Radiocarbon samples provide the first 

age determinations (ca. 8200 BP) for the post- 

Minong III – IV lake phases along the 

northeast corner of the Lake Superior basin. A 

minimum of 49 Coleoptera taxa and 22 

vascular plant taxa indicate coniferous-forest 

and riparian communities. Overbank 

deposition along rivers flowing from the ice 

margin provided temporary ponds colonized 

by sedges and other aquatic plants and animals. 

Many records for both animals and plants 

illustrate occurrences of western and Arctic 

disjunct species in early Holocene time. Some 

"western " Coleoptera might still be present as 

disjuncts in the Marathon region. 

2009020058 

塔中隆起上奥陶统凯迪阶良里塔格组生物 

群及其古生态特征 = Biota And 

Palaeoecology Of The Lianglitag Formation 

(Katian, Upper Ordovician), Central Tarim, 

NW China. ( 中文 ). 杨海军 ; 王建坡 ; 黄智斌 ; 

姚小刚 ; 张园园 ; 马俊业 ; 李越 . 古生物学 

报 , 2009, 48(1): 109-122 

塔中隆起区的良里塔格组含菌藻类微生 

物岩、植物类的钙藻、原生动物中的有孔 

虫、后生动物中的海绵、珊瑚、苔藓虫、 

介形类、三叶虫、腹足类、腕足动物、棘 

皮动物等化石门类。根据其生物成分的埋 

葬学特征 , 分为原地或近源成分占优势的 

群落和远源异地成分占优势的组合 , 群落 

和组合的类型展布受水深、水动力、坡折 

带地貌等因素控制。 

微体古生物学 

综论 

2009020059 

澳大利亚南卡那封盆地 Giralia 背斜底部 

Gearle 粉砂岩中白垩世钙质和硅质微体化 

石 = Mid-Cretaceous calcareous and siliceous 

microfossils from the basal Gearle Siltstone, 

Giralia Anticline, Southern Carnarvon Basin. 

( 英文 ). Haig D W; Watkins D K; Ellis G. 

Alcheringa, 1996, 20(1): 41 - 68 

A diverse assemblage of foraminifera, 

radiolaria, and calcareous nannoplankton is 

recorded from basal beds of the Gearle 

Silstone in its type area. The calcareous 

nannofossils place the strata within the 

temperate-latitude CC8a Subzone and the 

Southern Ocean Sollasites falklandensis 

Subzone; the planktonic foraminifera indicate 

that the beds belong to the Hedbergella 

planispira Zone of the Australian region. The 

biozones suggest an early Albian age (later 

than the earliest Albian). Abundant calcareous 

and siliceous plankton and the Marssonella 

Association of benthonic foraminifera indicate 

normal-marine depositional conditions in a 

water depth of about 100 m. The transition 

from Windalia Radiolarite to Gearle Siltstone 

may reflect a marine transgressive pulse that 

reactivated bottom-water circulation and 

facilitated a significant increase in the 

calcareous biogenic component of the 

sediment. Deposition of the basal Gearle 

Siltstone was coincident with a major increase 

in bathymetry in the Papuan, Laura, 

Carpentaria, Eromanga and Surat Basins in 

eastern Australia 

2009020060 

意大利亚平宁北部 Vena del Gesso 地区梅 

辛阶蒸发岩中的微生物群落 = Microbial 

communities in Messinian evaporite deposits 

of the Vena del Gesso (northern Apennines, 

Italy). ( 英文 ). Panieri G; Lugli S; Manzi V. 

Stratigraphy, 2008, 5(3/4): 343-352 

The Vena del Gesso (Northern Apennines) 

is a 230 in-thick succession consisting of up to 

16 gypsum-shale cycles belonging to the 

"Lower Evaporites" formed during the 

Messinian salinity crisis in the Mediterranean. 

The study,of the microbial communities 

19

preserved in the gypsum crystals of one 

complete cycle (6(th) cycle at Monte Tondo 

quarry) showed abundant, regularly arranged 

filamentous forms that resemble 

morphologically modern obligate 

phototrophes, cyanobacteria colonizing 

modern photic. shallow-water gypsum basins. 

At least four different bacterial populations 

have been recognized: 

a) filamentous type cyanobacteria with 

characteristic inserted funnel shaped structure 

resembling the modern Scytonematacean; 

b) Type 1 organisms consisting of filamentous 

structures impregnated by clay minerals 

containing pyrite grains in the outer sheath; 

c) Type 2 filaments filled by C lay minerals 

with dolomite in the Outer sheath; 

d) Type 3 filamentous organisms with a 

central hollow tube and an encrusted outer 

sheath mainly composed of calcium carbonate. 

These organisms were probably associated 

with other heterotrophic bacteria as suggested 

by the presence of dolomite and pyrite 

structures. The size and preservation suggest 

that most of these cyanobacteria were likely 

conducting oxygenic photosynthesis as 

presently observed in modern solar salt works. 

It follows that they were living in shallow 

water settings or settled down from the water 

column to the bottom of a relatively deep 

evaporite basin. 

2009020061 

真核生物化石保存的实验证据 : 二氧化硅 

溶液中的洋葱表皮细胞 = Experimental 

evidence for eukaryotic fossil preservation: 

Onion skin cells in silica solution. ( 英文 ). 

Chen Xiaozheng; Wang Wei; Shang Qinghua; 

Lou Yue; Liu Xinchun; Cao Changqun; Wang 

Yue. Precambrian Research, 2009, 170(3-4): 

223-230 

Research on the origin of eukaryotes often 

focuses on the exceptional preservation found 

in silicified Precambrian fossils. Nuclei like 

subcellular structures in well-preserved fossil 

becomes confusion and arguments, which 

focus on whether the partial degradation of 

prokaryotes produces artifacts that resemble a 

‘ nucleus ’ , or fossilized nuclei of 

eukaryotes. In order to understand the 

mechanisms of silicification and identify the 

fossilized subcellular and microstructures in 

rocks, a series of laboratory controlled 

experiments were performed for simulating 

the silicification process. The effects of 

different silica solutions in eukaryote 

fossilization were studied in our experiments 

by exposing onion skin cells (epidermis) to 

silica solutions. Onion skin provides a good 

experimental model because of its well 

characterized cellular structures which are 

easily observed. The designed experiments 

revealed that the possibility of onion cell 

preserved as a “ fossil ” with nuclear 

structures, the first week fossilization, or 

mineralization as rapid as 1 week is important. 

And the experiment also revealed interactions 

between silica and the onion skin cell wall 

surface functional groups were weak. The 

preservation of nuclei in the onion skin model 

was due to precipitation in highly 

supersaturated silica solutions rather than 

simply the high silica concentration. When the 

silica gel precipitates slowly at low 

supersaturation states, the nuclei were not well 

preserved, but the rapid precipitation at high 

supersaturated silica conditions preserved 

nuclear structures. A better understanding of 

the processes involved in onion skin 

fossilization will further contribute to issues 

concerning the silicification of other 

eukaryotic materials. 

2009020062 

俄罗斯奥列尼奥克隆起里菲期 Arymas 组 

和 Debengda 组微化石 : 时代和特征研究 

= Microfossils from the Arymas and 

Debengda formations, the Riphean of the 

Olenek Uplift: Age and presumable nature. 

( 英文 ). Stanevich A M; Maksimova E N; 

Kornilova T A; Gladkochub D P; 

Mazukabzov A M; Donskaya T V. 

Stratigraphy and Geological 

Correlation, 2009, 17(1): 20-35 

Studied assemblages of diverse organicwalled 

microfossils separated from the 

Arymas and Debengda formations of the 

Olenek Uplift include several paleobiological 

groups of microorganisms. Sufficiently large 

morphotypes of the first group are identified 

with remains of cyanobacteria. Morphotypes 

of variable spiral structure, which dwelt in 

association or in symbiosis with cyanobionts, 

are attributed to the same bacterial community. 

The other group includes a series of different 

acritarch genera whose characters suggest 

their affinity with green algae of the order 

Desmidiales. It is very likely that this group 

coexisted on siliciclastic shoals with large 

ancestral forms of the present-day brown 

algae. Several microfossil taxa have been 

known before from the Neoproterozoic 

deposits only. With due regard for the 

relatively gradual accumulation of 

20

sedimentary succession lacking large hiatuses 

and for the regular series of K-Ar dates 

characterizing three Riphean formations of the 

Olenek Uplift, it is possible to suggest that 

there was the Arymas-Debengda-Khaipakh 

cycle of long-lasted, almost uninterrupted 

sedimentation within the time span of 1250– 

900 Ma. It is also admissible that age ranges 

of some Late Precambrian microfossils are 

much larger than their distribution intervals 

postulated formerly. 

2009020063 

俄罗斯莫斯科西南部卡洛夫阶、牛津阶和 

伏尔加阶钙质超微化石和有孔虫的分布 = 

The distribution of calcareous nannofossils 

and foraminifers in the Callovian, Oxfordian, 

and Volgian deposits in the southwest of 

Moscow. ( 英文 ). Ustinova M A. 


Correlation, 2009, 17(2): 204-217 

The distribution of calcareous nannofossils 

and foraminifers occurring in the Callovian- 

Oxfordian deposits in the southwest of 

Moscow is studied. Nannoplankton-bearing 

beds and foraminiferal zones are distinguished. 

The Retecapsa incompta Beds correspond in 

range to the Ophthalmidium sagittum- 

Epistomina volgensis and Ophthalmidium 

strumosum-Lenticulina brestica foraminiferal 

zones as well as the lower part of Epistomina 

uhligi-Lenticulina russiensis Zone. The 

Watznaueria manivitae, Crepidolithus 

perforata, and Watznaueria fossacincta 

(lowermost part) beds span interval of the 

Epistomina uhligi-Lenticulina russiensis Zone. 

The Watznaueria fossacincta Beds are 

concurrent to the Lenticulina ponderosa- 

Flabellamina lidiae Zone of the foraminiferal 

scale. 

2009020064 

国际植硅体命名法规 (International Code 

for Phytolith Nomenclature 1.0) 的介绍与 

讨论 = Introduction And Discussion On 

International Code for Phytolith Nomenclature 

1.0. ( 中文 ). 李泉 ; 吕厚远 ; 王伟铭 . 古生物学 

报 , 2009, 48(1): 131-138 

随着植硅体分析的广泛应用 , 植硅体命 

名规范化已经成为趋势。文章对国际植硅 

体命名法规中植硅体类型划分、命名和描 

述的方法与术语进行介绍 , 提供部分中文 

对应译名 , 并对该法规中存在的问题进行 

探讨 , 以期引起国内学术界的重视 , 为我 

国植硅体命名规范化提供参考。 

孢粉 

2009020065 

挪威西北部北方林和高山林界线处的花粉 

年积率 (PAR )—— 着重研究 Pinus 

sylvestris 和 Betula pubescens 两个种 = 

Annual pollen accumulation rate (PAR) at the 

boreal and alpine forest-line of north-western 

Norway, with special emphasis on Pinus 

sylvestris and Betula pubescens. ( 英文 ). 

Jensen C; Vorren K-D; Mørkved B. Review of 

Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2007, 144(3-4): 

337-361 

Pollen monitoring at the north-western 

fringe of the European boreal forest by means 

of modified Tauber traps, was carried out 

during the years 1996–2004 along a coastinland 

gradient, including two altitudinal 

transects inland. The relationship between 

annual pollen deposition and local flora and 

vegetation was investigated. Pinus sylvestris 

stands in the open coastal lowland and mixed 

birch-pine forest inland are reflected by a 

mean pollen accumulation rate (PAR) of 200– 

400 grains cm − 2 yr − 1 , and dense pinedominated 

forest inland by ≥ 2000 grains 

cm − 2 yr − 1 . The deposition of Betula 

pubescens-type pollen in the coastal birch 

woodland is 80–350 grains cm − 2 yr − 1 . During 

the same time interval, the sub-alpine birch 

forest inland has a PAR of 240–720 grains 

cm − 2 yr − 1 . This figure increases to c. 2000 

when the two high-productive years 1998 and 

1999 are included in the mean. The alpine 

forest-line ecotone is reflected in the pollen 

deposition by a decrease in Betula pubescenstype, 

meadow and heath herbs, and an 

increase in Salix and alpine herbs with altitude. 

This floristic change starts in the upper part of 

the sub-alpine belt and continues gradually 

into the open alpine belts. The presence of 

phytophagous insects in the pollen traps is 

found to influence the pollen record by 

overrepresentation of insect-dispersed herb 

taxa, but does not obscure the recognition of 

local vegetation types. PAR and percentages 

show the same main trends along the 

geographical gradients. 

2009020066 

加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚西南部碳 14 同位素 

年龄约 1.8 万年前非冰期姆迪港间冰段的 

古环境再造 = Palaeoenvironmental 

reconstruction of the Port Moody Interstade, a 

nonglacial interval in southwestern British 

Columbia at about 18 000 14C years BP. ( 英 

21

文 ). Lian O B; Mathewes R W; Hicock S R. 


38(6): 943-952 

New palynological data from peaty 

sediments deposited during the Port Moody 

Interstade, at about 18 000 14 C years, indicate 

that the environment in the western Fraser 

Lowland of British Columbia consisted of 

subalpine forest and parkland with abundant 

fir and spruce that grew under a temperate and 

moist climate, similar to the wetter subzones 

of the present-day Engelmann Spruce – 

Subalpine Fir biogeoclimatic zone. The moist 

conditions interpreted for the Port Moody 

Interstade are consistent with recent computer 

modelling and earlier palynological data from 

unglaciated western Washington State, but 

appear to contradict regional Cooperative 

Holocene Mapping Project (COHMAP) 

reconstructions and some earlier 

palaeoenvironmental studies that support dry 

conditions. Strong seasonality is suggested as 

part of the explanation, with Pacific storms in 

summer following the southern margin of the 

last Cordilleran ice sheet, bringing abundant 

moisture to the study area during the growing 

season, but probably not in winter, when 

storm tracks were displaced to the south. The 

cold and dry anticyclonic winds postulated by 

COHMAP were probably also relatively weak 

in summer, resulting in stronger expression of 

moist Pacific air masses than previously 

thought. The timing of the Port Moody 

Interstade coincides with that of a short 

climatic fluctuation reported from several 

other sites in both the northern and southern 

hemispheres. These events, if causally related, 

suggest a rapidly propagated atmospheric– 

oceanic signal. 

2009020067 

阿根廷圣胡安省 Volcan 山脉泥盆纪 

Chigua 组和石炭纪 Maliman 组孢粉 , 第二 

部分 : 带气囊、假气囊和赤道周壁环带孢 

子 = Palynology of the Chigua (Devonian) 

and Maliman (Carboniferous) formations in 

the Volcan Range, San Juan Province, 

Argentina. Part II. Cavate, pseudosaccate and 

cingulizonate spores. ( 法文 ). Amenabar C R; 

Di Pasquo M; Carrizo H A; Azcuy C L. 

Ameghiniana, 2007, 44(3): 547-564 

Palynological analysis of the Chigua and 

Maliman formations of Middle Devonian and 

Mississippian age respectively, is presented. 

They crop out in the Del Volcan Range at the 

Rio Blanco Basin in western Argentina. In this 

second part, 40 indigenous species of cavate, 

pseudosaccate and cingulizonate spores from 

both units are illustrated. The species 

Geminospora sp. cf. G. tuberculata var. 

tuberculata McGregor is recorded in the 

Middle Devonian of South America for the 

first time. The following species are also 

recorded in the Mississippian of South 

America for the first time as Crassispora 

invicta Playford, Densosporites asperus 

Braman and Hills, Densosporites gracilis 

Smith and Butterworth, Densosporites 

secundus Playford and Satterthwait, 

Densosporites sp. cf. D. triangularis Kosanke, 

Gorgonispora sp. cf. G. crassa (Winslow) 

Higgs et al., Lophozonotriletes dentatus 

Hughes and Playford, Spelaeotriletes 

echinatus (Hacquebard) Utting, 

Velamisporites perinatus (Hughes and 

Playford) Playford. Some possibly reworked 

species (scolecodonts, paleomicroplankton 

and spores) from the Maliman Formation are 

illustrated and some of them are also 

described 

2009020068 

俄罗斯 Timan 南部 Balneologicheskaya-1 

参照钻孔剖面中吉维特期 - 弗拉期孢粉特征 

= Palynological characterization of Givetian- 

Frasnian deposits in the reference Borehole 

section 1-Balneologicheskaya (Southern 

Timan). ( 英文 ). Tel’nova O P. Stratigraphy 

and Geological Correlation, 2008, 16(2): 143- 

161 

A succession of seven palynological 

assemblages characterizing the Yuzhnyi 

Timan, Taman, Ust-Yarega, Domanik, and 

Vetlosyan formations of the southern Timan is 

established in the Givetian-Frasnian deposits 

recovered by Borehole 1-Balneologicheskaya 

and studied in detail. Five individual zones, 

which are distinguished within stratigraphic 

range of the optivus-krestovnicovii miospore 

zone, can be of basic importance for a highresolution 

stratigraphic subdivision of the 

sedimentation stage under consideration. 

Phytostratigraphic boundary corresponding to 

the Frasnian Stage base in the East European 

platform is substantiated in palynological 

aspect. 

2009020069 

美国阿拉巴马州和密西西比州古新世 - 始新 

世 paratropical 沼泽和边缘海花粉植物群 

的对比 = Comparisons between Palaeocene– 

Eocene paratropical swamp and marginal 

marine pollen floras from Alabama and 

22

Mississippi, USA. ( 英文 ). Harrington G J. 


Climate warming at the Palaeocene/Eocene 

boundary (c. 55.8 Ma) had significant 

permanent affects on paratropical and warmadapted 

vegetation types. Pollen and spore 

records which document vegetation turnover 

from the eastern US Gulf Coast have all been 

taken from sediments of marginal marine 

depositional environments. Pollen and spores 

(sporomorphs) are preserved excellently in 

these marginal marine depositional 

environments but these assemblages contain 

grains transported from many different 

vegetation types and over huge geographic 

distances. Currently it is unclear whether the 

turnover from important paratropical areas 

like the US Gulf Coast is a reflection on actual 

vegetation change in the local region or from 

source areas far away in the continental 

interior. Sporomorph data from 20 former 

swamps (lignites) from the Nanafalia, 

Tuscahoma and Hatchetigbee formations in 

Mississippi and Alabama, USA, are used to 

test the fidelity of the marine sporomorph 

record across the Palaeocene – Eocene 

transition. Data show that extinction is noted 

in the swamp record ( ≥ 7 per cent of 

Palaeocene taxa) and that swamps were 

susceptible to immigration in the Early 

Eocene with the first occurrences of 

Brosipollis spp. (Burseraceae), Dicolpopollis 

spp. (Palmae), Nuxpollenites psilatus 

(Loranthaceae) and Platycarya spp. 

(Juglandaceae). Swamps have higher withinsample 

diversity in the Eocene but higher 

among-sample diversity in latest 

Palaeocene–earliest Eocene samples, which 

parallels exactly diversity trends estimated 

from marine sporomorph assemblages. Palms 

also increase in abundance in the Eocene. The 

swamp data demonstrate that the flora 

growing in these ancient paratropical forests 

was diverse (c. 120 taxonomic groups) but 

incorporated an unusual admixture of plants 

with modern tropical affinities together with 

those that now live in modern temperate to 

subtropical North America. 

2009020070 

俄罗斯加里宁格勒地区 Sambian 半岛西部 

上白垩统和古近纪沉积的孢粉特征 , 第一 

部分 = Palynological characteristics of Upper 

Cretaceous and Paleogene deposits on the 

west of the Sambian Peninsula (Kaliningrad 

region), Part 1. ( 英文 ). Aleksandrova G A; 

Zaporozhets N I. Stratigraphy and Geological 

Correlation, 2008, 16(3): 295-316 

The results of studying dinocysts in the 

Upper Cretaceous-Lower Paleogene 

succession of the Kaliningrad region are 

considered. Distinguished in the succession 

are seven biostratigraphic units in the rank of 

the Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides, 

Chatangiella vnigrii, Cerodinium diebelii, 

Alisocysta margarita, Deflandrea 

oebisfeldensis, Areosphaeridium diktyoplokum, 

and Rhombodinium perforatum beds and one 

Charlesdowniea clathrata angulosa Zone. 

2009020071 

阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省南方山脉宾夕法 

尼亚期 - 乌拉尔世 Sauce Grande 组的首次 

孢粉记录 = The first palynological record of 

the Sauce Grande Formation (Pennsylvanian- 

Cisuralian) at the Australes range, Buenos 

Aires Province, Argentine. ( 其他 ). Di Pasquo 

M; Martinez MA; Freije H. 

Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(1): 69-81 

The first palynological assemblage 

recovered from a sample of the Middle 

Member of the Sauce Grande Formation is 

presented. Palynomorphs are small (among 20 

mu m - 50 mu m) and poorly preserved. 

Exines are fragmented, highly carbonized 

(dark gray or black in colour) and affected by 

framboidal pyrite. Eleven species of 

palynomorphs are described and illustrated: 

nine trilete spores (Apiculiretusispora sp., 

Cyclogranisporites sp., Granulatisporites 

austroamericanus Archangelsky and Gamerro, 

Lophotriletes sp., Horriditriletes sp. cf. H. 

gondwanensis (Tiwari and Moiz) Foster, 

Horriditriletes sp. cf. H. ramosus (Balme and 

Hennelly) Bharadwaj and Salujha, Raistrickia 

sp., Lundbladispora sp., Cristatisporites sp.), 

one pollen grain and one acritarch. The 

assemblage is referred to the Late 

Pennsylvanian -Cisuralian based on the 

stratigraphic range of the species recognized 

that additionally are widely distributed in 

Gondwana (e.g., Chacoparana, Parana, 

Paganzo, Karroo). The dominance of spores, 

and the presence of framboidal pyrite and an 

acritarch suggest a marine littoral palaeoenvironment 

for the assemblage. 

2009020072 

阿根廷圣克鲁斯省下白垩统 Punta del 

Barco 组的孢粉研究 — 系统描述 I: 单缝 

孢、光面孢和具环三缝孢 = Palynological 

study of the Punta del Barco Formation, 

23

Lower Cretaceous of Santa Cruz province, 

Argentina. Systematic descriptions I: 

Monolete and smooth and cingulate trilete 

spores. ( 其他 ). Llorens M. Ameghiniana, 2008, 

45(1): 153-166 

Smooth and cingulate trilete and monolete 

disperse spores from the Punta del Barco 

Formation, Lower Cretaceous of Santa Cruz 

Province are being described in this paper. 

The trilete spores belong to the genera 

Biretisporites, Deltoidospora, Todisporites, 

Cyathidites, Densoisporites, Foraminisporis, 

Contignisporites, Laevigatosporites and 

Reticulosporis. The last genus is mentioned 

for the first time in Argentina, and is one of 

the oldest known records. Some of these taxa 

represent vegetal groups no reported for this 

taphoflora, enlarging therefore its previous 

knowledge. 

2009020073 

阿根廷里奥布兰卡盆地密西西比亚系 

Cortaderas 组系统孢粉学研究 : 第一部分 

= Systematic palynological study of the 

Cortaderas Formation, (Mississippian) Rio 

Blanco Basin, Argentina. Part One. ( 其他 ). 

Loinaze V P. Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(1): 33- 

57 

Well preserved Mississippian palynological 

assemblages have been obtained from the 

Cortaderas Formation in the Rio Blanco Basin, 

northwestern Argentina. The geological 

setting and stratigraphic provenance of the 

samples is provided. In this first part, fifty-two 

species are described from a total of seventyeight 

species of spores recognized. Five new 

species are proposed: Verrucosisporites 

incompositus sp. nov., Verrucosisporites 

perbrevis sp. nov., Anapiculatisporites 

exiguus sp. nov., Anapiculatisporites expolitus 

sp. nov. and Dibolisporites insolitus sp. nov. 

Previous worldwide geographic and 

stratigraphic records of taxa are detailed. 

2009020074 

Aquilapollenites 植物地理区系中白垩纪 - 第 

三纪孢粉植物群的扰动和绝灭 = 

Cretaceous-Tertiary palynofloral perturbations 

and extinctions within the Aquilapollenites 

Phytogeographic Province. ( 英文 ). Sweet A R; 

Braman D R. Canadian Journal of Earth 

Sciences, 2001, 38(2): 249-269 

A combination of detailed, intermediate and 

large scale stratigraphic perspectives is 

necessary to understand the driving 

mechanisms for floral change across the 

Cretaceous-Tertiary (K – T) boundary, 

because short-term physical and biotic events 

occur within longer term trends. Most 

Maastrichtian palynofloral extinctions have 

been identified within the northern 

circumpolar, 

supra-continental, 

Aquilapollenites Province. In mid-continental 

North America, the presence of a physically 

defined K – T boundary provides 

opportunities to examine contemporaneous 

terrestrial palynofloras over a latitudinal (also 

approximately paleolatitudinal) distance of 

3200 km. Seventy-five percent of last 

appearances occur before the K–T boundary 

at high latitudes and must have been caused 

by ongoing terrestrial processes. Palynofloral 

events directly associated with the K – T 

boundary include both local last appearances, 

and inferred extinctions, and synchronous and 

diachronous changes in relative abundances. 

Two different styles of factors are reflected in 

these events. The first, possibly attributable to 

chemical or other profound atmospheric 

perturbations associated with the worldwide 

distribution of the "fireball" layer of the K–T 

claystone, resulted in extinctions of 

angiosperm with a zoophilous pollination 

strategy. The second factor, possibly reflecting 

energy released during the deposition of 

ballistically transported impact debris or 

hackly (ejecta) layer of the boundary 

claystone, resulted in the selective, northwardattenuating 

removal of the canopy vegetation, 

best documented for southwestern Canada, 

which was succeeded by a fern-dominated 

vegetation in mid-continental North America. 

These consequences of the boundary event 

were mediated by independent, preexisting 

circumstances: climate (regional and through 

time), local depositional environment, and 

ongoing background extinctions and origins. 

2009020075 

美国宾西法尼亚州 Allenport 地区志留系剖 

面的中型孢子和隐孢子 = Miospores and 

Cryptospores from the Silurian Section at 

Allenport, Pennsylvania, USA. ( 英文 ). Beck J 

H; Strother P K. Journal of 


Non-marine and marine palynomorphs were 

collected from a Telychian through Gorstian 

rock outcrop located near Allenport, 

Pennsylvania, USA in the east-central part of 

the Appalachian Foreland Basin. Close 

sampling of the section revealed six distinct 

palynological assemblages of spores, 

24

cryptospores, acritarchs and prasinophycean 

algae, likely deposited in nearshore marine 

settings. The Silurian Period is a critical time 

in plant evolution as megafossils found 

elsewhere indicate that vascular plants 

(tracheophytes) originated during this interval. 

Palynoflorules generally show a transition 

from cryptospore-dominated to miosporedominated 

assemblages during the latter half 

of the Silurian. This transition is evident at 

Allenport, where over 30 species of miospores 

and cryptospores are recognized, including 

two new species: Vermiverruspora cottera and 

Rugosphaera falloambita. The sequential 

progression of innovations in exine structure 

and sculpture seen in the nonmarine 

palynomorphs at Allenport closely matches 

evolutionary patterns documented previously 

in the Appalachian Basin, Avalonia, and 

elsewhere around the world. 

2009020076 

美国蒙大拿和加拿大西部跨越白垩 - 第三纪 

界线复合泥岩和相邻地层的连续孢粉序列 

的变化 = Sequential palynological changes 

across the composite Cretaceous-Tertiary (K- 

T) boundary claystone and contiguous strata, 

western Canada and Montana, U.S.A.. ( 英文 ). 

Sweet A R; Braman D R; Lerbekmo J F. 


36(5): 743–768 

The boundary claystone in the western 

Canada Basin is composed of three intimately 

associated layers with a regional distribution: 

a basal brownish-grey hackly claystone, a 

middle brownish-black satiny claystone, and 

an upper brown laminated shale. These layers 

appear to represent a graded succession in 

terms of grain size and depositional rate. An 

abrupt reduction in the relative abundance of 

gymnospermous pollen, representing canopy 

vegetation, immediately precedes the hackly 

layer. The hackly claystone is accepted as 

being originally formed of microtektites from 

a ballistically transported ejecta blanket 

deposited within minutes or hours of the 

bolide's impact and associated with a heat 

pulse. The variable miospore content of the 

hackly layer is considered to be from local, 

reproductively active understorey vegetation. 

The shocked-quartz-rich satiny claystone is 

interpreted as being formed by fine debris 

deposited over days, weeks, or months. Its 

homogeneous texture suggests a short 

depositional event, but must have involved 

enough time for a residual Cyathidites- 

Ulmoideipites survival flora to release 

miospores. Further, the presence of this flora 

requires the continuation of light levels 

required for photosynthesis and temperatures 

generally above freezing. A settling time of 

several years for very fine debris and aerosols 

would fit with the apparent seasonal 

interlayering of the organic tissue in the 

laminated shale. The abruptly overlying 

Laevigatosporites-Kurtzipites recovery flora 

initiates the succession leading to the return of 

a canopied swamp, and its presence may 

signal the clearing of the atmosphere of all 

impact-generated debris, except for postulated 

elevated CO 2 abundances. 

2009020077 

俄罗斯加里宁格勒地区桑比安半岛西部上 

白垩统和古新统孢粉特征第二部分 = 

Palynological characteristics of Upper 

Cretaceous and Paleogene deposits on the 

west of the Sambian Peninsula (Kaliningrad 

region), Part 2. ( 英文 ). Aleksandrova G N; 

Zaporozhets N I. Stratigraphy and Geological 

Correlation, 2008, 16(5): 528-539 

The results of studying dinocysts in the 

Upper Cretaceous-Lower Paleogene 

succession of the Kaliningrad region are 

considered. Distinguished in the succession 

are seven biostratigraphic units in the rank of 

the Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides, 

Chatangiella vnigrii, Cerodinium diebelii, 

Alisocysta margarita, Deflandrea 

oebisfeldensis, Areosphaeridium diktyoplokum, 

and Rhombodinium perforatum beds and one 

Charlesdowniea clathrata angulosa Zone. The 

Lyubavas Formation has not been 

distinguished on the west of the Sambian 

Peninsula. Ages of the Sambia, Alka, and 

Prussian formations are verified. 

2009020078 

俄罗斯西伯利亚西南部陆相渐新世 - 中新世 

沉积的孢粉地层 = Palynostratigraphy of 

Oligocene-Miocene continental deposits in 

Southwestern Siberia. ( 英文 ). Kuzmina O B; 

Volkova B S. Stratigraphy and Geological 

Correlation, 2008, 16(5): 540-552 

Data on spores, pollen, and dinoflagellate 

cysts studied in composite section of 

Oligocene-Miocene deposits in southern part 

of West Siberia are presented. Eleven 

biostratigraphic units distinguished in the 

section are ranked as palynozones and beds 

with palynological assemblages. Palynological 

data substantiate age of deposits and specify 

ranges and boundaries of palynozones. Based 

on dinocyst assemblages first studied in 

25

sediments of the Zhuravka and Abrosimovo 

horizons (upper Oligocene, lower Miocene), 

the Pseudokomewuia Beds are included into 

local stratigraphic scheme. According to 

results of comparative analysis, similar and 

distinctive features of Oligocene-Miocene 

dinocyst assemblages from West Siberia, 

China and North America are elucidated. 

Based on palynological data, the local 

stratigraphic scheme of higher resolution is 

suggested for subdivision of Oligocene and 

Miocene deposits in southern part of West 

Siberia (Baraba and Kulunda lithofacies 

regions). 

2009020079 

阿根廷圣胡安省 La Herradura 溪晚古生代 

沉积 (Tupe 组 ) 孢粉 = Palynology of late 

Palaeozoic sediments (Tupe Formation) at La 

Herradura Creek, San Juan province, 

Argentina. ( 英文 ). Verge M. Alcheringa, 2008, 

32(4): 339 - 352 

Palynomorph assemblages recovered from 

the Tupe Formation at La Herradura Creek, 

San Juan province, Argentina, are analysed. 

The middle section of the sequence includes a 

marine fossiliferous interval belonging to the 

Tivertonia jachalensis-Streptorhynchus 

inaequiornatus (T-S) Faunal Biozone, recently 

ascribed an Early Permian age. The section 

below the marine fossiliferous unit yielded 

palynofloras typical of previously described 

'Tupense' assemblages. The palynoflora 

recovered from beds above the marine horizon 

is diverse, relatively well preserved and 

includes species never recorded from the Tupe 

Formation. This latter palynoassemblage 

includes species diagnostic of Early Permian 

palynofloras such as Converrucosisporites 

confluens (Archangelsky & Gamerro) 

Playford & Dino, Pseudoreticulatispora 

pseudoreticulata (Balme & Hennelly) 

Bharadwaj & Srivastava, Horriditriletes 

ramosus (Balme & Hennelly) Bharadwaj & 

Salujha, Anapiculatisporites tereteangulatus 

(Balme & Hennelly) Playford & Dino, 

Laevigatosporites colliensis (Balme & 

Hennelly) Venkatachala & Kar, 

Marsupipollenites triradiatus Balme & 

Hennelly, Protohaploxypinus sewardii (Virkki) 

Hart and Pakhapites fusus (Bose & Kar) 

Men ndez. Correlations with assemblages 

from western Argentina and other Gondwanan 

regions suggest an Early Permian age (not 

older than Asselian-Sakmarian) for the upper 

part of the sequence, supporting the age 

attributed to the T-S Biozone 

2009020080 

阿根廷圣克鲁斯省下白垩统阿普特阶 

Punta del Barco 组孢粉研究 — 系统描述 

II: 具极部突起、网脊、三突具周壁三缝 

孢 , 及其古生态意义 = Palynological study 

of the Punta del Barco Formation, lower 

cretaceous (Aptian) of Santa Cruz Province, 

Argentina. Systematic descriptions II: 

Apiculate, murornate, tricrassate and perinate 

trilete spores. Paleoecological implications. 

( 其他 ). Llorens M. Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(2): 

273-288 

Eighteen species of disperse trilete apiculate, 

murornate, tricrassate and perinate spores 

from the Punta del Barco Formation, in the 

Meseta Baquero area, Lower Cretaceous of 

Santa Cruz Province, are described. They 

belong to the genera Gleicheniidites, Clavifera, 

Ornamentifera, 

Ceratosporites, 

Concavissimisporites, Staplinisporites, 

Retitriletes and Lygodiidites. Besides, a new 

genus for a perisporate spore -Capsispora- is 

proposed, an indeterminate apiculate form and 

two new species of the genus Gleicheniidites, 

are described. Finally, some paleoecological 

implications are given from the study of this 

spores association, which are related to stress 

conditions by the strong volcanic activity 

during the sedimentary deposition of this unit. 

2009020081 

澳大利亚东南部白垩纪最晚期沉积山龙眼 

型花粉 = Pollen of proteaceous-type from 

latest Cretaceous sediments, southeastern 

Australia. ( 英文 ). Dettmann M E; Jarzen D M. 

Alcheringa, 1996, 20(2): 103 - 160 

Abundant and diverse proteaceous-like 

triaperturate pollen from Campanian- 

Maastrichtian sediments in the Otway Basin, 

southeastern Australia are systematically 

documented and compared with pollen of 

extant Proteaceae. Segregation of fossil and 

extant pollen types has been effected on 

apertural characters of which six states have 

been identified. Apertures are colpoid, poroid 

or porate. Pores of Propylipollis Martin & 

Harris, 1974 conform with those of 

subfamilies Grevillioideae and 

Carnarvonioideae. Colpoids of Beaupreaidites 

Cookson emend. Martin, 1973, poroids of 

Lewalanipollis gen. nov., and pores of 

Cranwellipollis Martin & Harris, 1974 are 

represented in subfamilies Proteoideae and 

Persoonioideae. Pores of Proteacidites 

Cookson ex Couper, 1953 occur in 

26

subfamilies Proteoideae and Sphalmioideae. 

In the Otway Basin fossil record, triporate 

apertures appear earlier than tricolpoids, 

triporoids and biporates; and diversity levels 

of proteaceous pollen are higher than reported 

from elsewhere implying the region may have 

been a diversification centre during 

Campanian and Maastrichtian times. 

Represented among the fossil pollen are types 

that conform with pollen of extant Proteaceae: 

Adenanthos, Beauprea, Beaupreopsis, and 

Stirlingia (subfamily Proteoideae); Persoonia 

(subfamily Persoonioideae); Carnarvonia 

(subfamily Carnarvonioideae); and Bleasdalia, 

Grevillea, Knightia, Macadamia and Telopea 

(subfamily Grevillioideae). The Late 

Cretaceous pollen record thereby implies the 

presence of sclerophyll and rainforest taxa in a 

vegetation which was composed of diverse 

podocarps (Dacrydium, Dacrycarpus, 

Lagarostrobos, Podocarpus, Microcachrys), 

araucarians, and a range of angiosperms 

(Nothofagus, Gunnera, Ilex, Ascarina, 

Callitriche, Trimeniaceae, Winteraceae, 

Ranunculaceae and possibly Epacridaceae). 

Thirty-one pollen species are described and 

referred to five genera, of which 

Lewalanipollis is new. New species include 

Lewalanipollis senectus, L. trycheros, 

Propylipollis areolatus, P. crotonoides, 

Proteacidites cooksoniae and Proteacidites 

variverrucatus. 

2009020082 

阿根廷里奥布兰科密西西比亚 Cortaderas 

组系统孢粉研究 , 第二部分 = Systematic 

palynological study of the Cortaderas 

Formation, (Mississippian) Rio blanco Basin, 

Argentina. Part two. ( 英文 ). Loinaze V P. 

Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(2): 421-441 

Well preserved Mississippian palynological 

assemblages have been obtained from the 

Cortaderas Formation in the Rio Blanco Basin, 

northwestern Argentina. In this second 

contribution, twenty-eight from a total of 

seventy-eight spore species are described. A 

new species of trilete spores is proposed: 

Densosporites scalabrinii sp. nov. Worldwide 

geographic and stratigraphic records of taxa 

are analysed. The Cortaderas Formation is 

dated as late Visean in age based on the 

presence of species of potential stratigraphic 

relevance, such as Reticulatisporites 

magnidictyus Playford and Helby, 

Verrucosisporites quasigobbettii Playford and 

Helby and Rugospora australiensis (Playford 

and Helby) Jones and Truswell and the 

absence of pollen grains. The samples 

collected in the uppermost level of this unit, 

contain some of spores typical of the Upper 

Carboniferous of Argentina and Brazil, 

although pollen grains are still absent. 

2009020083 

阿根廷西北部 Las Conchas Creek 地区晚 

白垩世萨尔塔群盆地 Las Curtiembres 组的 

孢粉 = Palynology of the Las Curtiembres 

Formation (Late Cretaceous, Salta Group 

Basin), Las Conchas Creek area, northwestern 

Argentina. ( 英文 ). Narvaez P L; Sabino I F. 

Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(2): 473-482 

This study provides the first palynologic 

record of the Las Curtiembres Formation 

(Late Cretaceous, Salta Group Basin) in 

northwestern Argentina. Two palynologically 

productive samples were obtained from the 

Morales Member in the area of the Las 

Conchas creek, Salta Province. Nineteen 

morphospecies are recorded for the Formation. 

The samples show poor preservation of the 

specimens and low diversity. The 

palynomorph association is characterized by 

the prevalence of species that belong to the 

Ephedraceae (6 species with 57% of total 

abundance), possibly suggesting semiarid 

conditions and a warm-dry paleoclimate at the 

time of deposition. Low humidity could also 

be inferred from the low abundance and 

diversity of pteridophyte species and the 

presence of Cheirolepidiaceae (Classopollis 

sp.) and Proteaceae (Peninsulapollis gilhi 

(Cookson) Dettmann and Jarzen). The pollen 

grain Peninsulapollis gilhi is a 

chronostratigraphic indicator of an age not 

older than Campanian-Maastrichtian, which 

would be coincident with the previous dating 

(77 +/- 5 Ma) of the Las Conchas Basalt 

effusions. 

2009020084 

阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚利马河东南侧晚三叠世 

Paso Flores 组孢粉记录 = Palynological 

record of the Paso Flores Formation (Late 

Triassic) on the southeastern side of the Limay 

River, Patagonia, Argentina. ( 英文 ). Zavattieri 

A; Meg N. Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(2): 483- 

502 

Well-preserved spore-pollen assemblages 

from the type locality of the Paso Flores 

Formation, in the Estancia Paso Flores area, 

on the southeastern side of the Limay River, 

northern Patagonia, Argentina, are presented 

in this contribution. In this area, the Paso 

27

Flores Formation is exposed along the 

boundary between the Rio Negro and 

Neuquen provinces; it consists mainly of 

conglomerates, sandstones and mudstones and 

contains remains of the Dicroidium Flora. The 

facies associations suggest gravelly to sandy 

braided river systems as the main depositional 

environments of the lower to middle sections 

of the unit outcropping in this region. The 

palynofloral assemblages contain 48 species 

of bryophytic and pteridophytic spores, 30 

species of gymnospermous pollen grains, and 

chlorophytic algal remains, most of which are 

illustrated herein. New forms belonging to the 

genera Cadargasporites, Neoraistrickia, 

Perotrilites, 

Verrucosisporites, 

Equisetosporites, and Stoevesipollenites are 

described. Anapiculatisporites dawsonensis 

Reiser and Williams, Biretisporites sp. and 

Thyinospora cicatricosa (Balme and Hennelly) 

Hart are also described and discussed. The 

miospore assemblages conform to the Ipswich 

phytogeographic province of the Gondwanan 

Triassic. Within this province, the Paso Flores 

assemblages are correlated compositionally 

and chronostratigraphically with the 

Craterisporites rotundus Oppel Zone of 

eastern Australian continental sequences. Thus, 

a Late Triassic (Late Carnian-Early Norian) 

age is established for the palynoflora of the 

lower section of the Paso Flores Formation. 

2009020085 

甘肃兴隆山国家自然保护区表土花粉组合 

及数量分析 = Pollen Assemblages and 

Numerical Analysis of Surface Samples from 

Xinglong Mountain National Reserve, Gansu. 

( 中文 ). 桑艳礼 ; 马玉贞 ; 高尚玉 ; 伍婧 ; 蒙红卫 ; 

孙爱芝 ; 满自红 . 古生物学报 , 2008, 47(4): 

457-467 

提要通过对兴隆山国家自然保护区不同 

植物群落 40 个样点的表土花粉组合特征、 

数量分析 [ 分层聚类分析 (HCA) 和降趋势 

对应分析 (DCA)], 研究了花粉组合与植 

物群落的关系。结果显示 :1) 大部分森林 

和部分灌丛的花粉组合与植物群落之间对 

应关系很好 , 如青杆林 ( 云杉属组合 )、 

辽东栎林 ( 栎属 - 桦属 - 蒿属组合 )、桦林 

( 桦属 - 蒿属 - 沙棘属组合 ) 和沙棘灌丛 ( 沙 

棘属组合 );2) 蔷薇灌丛 ( 蒿属 - 蔷薇科 

组合 ) 和草原 ( 蒿属 - 菊科组合 ) 的花粉组 

合基本上能反映群落特征 ;3) 山杨林、糙 

皮桦灌丛和高山灌丛草甸的花粉组合与植 

物群落的对应性较差 ;4) 云杉属花粉的长 

距离传播能力有限 ;5) 栎属花粉仅在辽东 

栎林中含量较高 ;6) 桦属花粉含量较高时 

(〉30%) 能够反映桦林的存在 , 含量较 

低时 (〈10%) 可能当地无桦树生长 ;7) 

沙棘属和蒿属花粉具超代表性 ;8) 豆科、 

禾本科和蔷薇科花粉具低代表性 ;9)HCA 

和 DCA 分析对于区分主要花粉类型和揭示 

环境梯度是有效的 , 但反映植被细节特征 

的能力有限。 

2009020086 

古近纪山龙眼花粉和系统发育 = Palaeogene 

proteaceous pollen and phylogeny. ( 英文 ). 

Martin A R H. Alcheringa, 1995, 19(1): 27 - 

40 

A number of palynomorphs of Palaeocene 

and Eocene age and Australasian origin, 

commonly attributed to the family Proteaceae, 

is compared to modern genera and species 

using a combination of conventional light 

microscopy, phase contrast and scanning 

electron microscopy. A significant percentage 

of these appears to be closely comparable to 

modern Proteaceae taxa. Comparisons permit 

the recognition of three modern subfamilies, 

eight tribes and eight to ten subtribes. 

2009020087 

澳大利亚中默里盆地 Mallee 悬崖钻孔中第 

三纪沟鞭藻和孢粉生物地层及古生态 = 

Middle Tertiary dinoflagellate and 

spore/pollen biostratigraphy and 

palaeoecology of the Mallee Cliffs bore, 

central Murray Basin. ( 英文 ). Martin H A. 

Alcheringa, 1993, 17(2): 91 - 124 

Spores, pollen and dinoflagellates have 

been recovered from all strata from the Late 

Eocene to the Mid Miocene in the Mallee 

Cliffs bore. The sequence includes the Early 

— Mid Miocene marine transgression. 

Dinoflagellates are found throughout the 

sequence, but they are rare in the Late Eocene, 

except for two horizons where conditions 

would have been more marine. The Early — 

Mid Miocene marine transgression sequence 

has good spore/pollen and dinoflagellate floras. 

Five dinoflagellate zones/acmes are 

recognised and these are useful for at least 

local correlation with the SADME MC63 bore 

in the western part of the Basin. When the 

dinoflagellate zonation is compared with the 

spore/pollen zonation, there are some minor 

discrepancies in the position of the boundaries, 

probably due to palaeogeographic and 

palaeoecologic factors. The spore/pollen 

zonation is similar to that of the eastern, 

nonmarine part of the basin, for the Late 

28

Eocene — Oligocene sequence. The Miocene 

marine sequence, however, differs in that 

Araucariaceae pollen is abundant, suggesting 

that araucarian forests grew in coastal and/or 

riverine environments. 

2009020088 

南澳大利亚文森特盆地一棵树山地区中始 

新世孢粉植物群 = Middle Eocene 

palynofloras from the One Tree Hill area, St 

Vincent Basin, South Australia. ( 英文 ). Alley 

N F; Broadbridge L M. Alcheringa, 1992, 

16(3): 241 - 267 

Palynofloras from an outlier of Tertiary 

sediments in the One Tree Hill area north of 

Adelaide are nonmarine and correlate with 

similar assemblages from Middle Eocene 

North Maslin Sands from Maslin Bay and 

Golden Grove. Although there are similarities 

with time-equivalent Lower Nothofagidites 

asperus Zone palynofloras in the Gippsland 

Basin, a number of species in the South 

Australian palynofloras do not extend below 

the Late Eocene in the Gippsland sequences. 

This indicates earlier appearances for these 

species in southcentral Australia. The 

sediments overlie a highly weathered bedrock 

palaeosurface, indicating that a phase of 

significant weathering occurred prior to the 

Middle Eocene. A number of selected taxa are 

illustrated and their distribution in the 

palynofloras is discussed. Two new species, 

Proteacidites mildenhallii and Proteacidites 

parrawirrensis, are described and one species, 

Rhoipites byfieldensis, is emended. 

2009020089 

阿根廷 Nirihuau 盆地古近纪淡水藻类的首 

次记录 : 系统描述和孢粉相分析 = First 

record of Paleogene freshwater algae from 

Nirihuau Basin, Argentina. Systematic 

descriptions and palynofacies analysis. ( 其他 ). 

Martinez M A; Ferrer N C; Asensio M A. 

Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(4): 719-735 

The first record of Paleogene freshwater 

algae from Nirihau Basin is presented. The 

microflora was recovered from the Salto del 

Macho Formation (Middle Eocene - Early 

Oligocene). Palynological and palynofacial 

analysis were carried out in order to establish 

the characteristics of the depositional 

environment. Thirteen taxa of Chlorophyta 

and Charophyta belonging to Botryococcaceae 

(Botryococcus sp. cf. B. braunii), 

Hydrodictyaceae (Pediastrum sp. cf. P. 

boryanum), Oedogoniaceae (Oedogonium sp. 

cf. O. cretaceum) and Zygnemataceae (seven 

species of Spirogyra, Lecaniella irregularis, 

Schizosporis sp. cf. S. reticulatus and gen. et 

sp. indet.) are described and illustrated. The 

palynological association suggests a 

freshwater, mesotrophic, shallow, probably 

stagnant and temporary body with neutral to 

slightly alkaline pH, under seasonally intense 

evaporation and temperate climatic conditions 

reaching, temperatures over 20 degrees C. The 

palynofacies is dominated by amorphous 

organic matter of algal origin suggesting a 

reducing (at least temporarily disoxic-anoxic) 

environment under stagnant conditions. The 

low fluorescence suggests that the prevalent 

depositional conditions were not adecuate for 

kerogen preservation. The present data 

confirm the wider environmental variability of 

the Salto del Macho Formation, which varies 

from freshwater bodies (this contribution) to 

marginal-marine environments (previous 

record). 

2009020090 

俄罗斯 Ufimian 阶和 Kazanian 阶层型序列 

中晚二叠世孢粉组合及其与加拿大北极地 

区罗德阶和沃德阶组合的对比 = Late 

Permian palynomorph assemblages from 

Ufimian and Kazanian type sequences in 

Russia, and comparison with Roadian and 

Wordian assemblages from the Canadian 

Arctic. ( 英文 ). Utting J; Esaulova N K; 

Silantiev V U; Makarova O V. Canadian 

Journal of Earth Sciences, 1997, 34(1): 1–16 

Tentative biostratigraphic correlations, 

based on marine faunas, have been made by 

various workers between Ufimian and 

Kazanian sequences in their type areas in the 

Volga–Urals region of Russia and Roadian 

and Wordian sequences in their type area in 

Texas, United States. Unfortunately, 

palynological correlation between the Russian 

and United States sequences is not possible, 

due to lack of data from the latter. However, 

detailed palynological data are available from 

rocks of Roadian and Wordian age in the 

Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and therefore 

indirect correlations are possible. 

Palynomorph assemblages from the Canadian 

Arctic and other circumpolar areas, such as 

the southern Barents Sea and Greenland, are 

different from those of the Ufimian and 

Kazanian Russian sequences in their type 

areas. This is likely to be the result of 

variations in the parent flora in response to 

significant paleoclimatic differences. For 

example, the climate of the Volga – Urals 

29

egion in Late Permian times was probably hot 

and arid, whereas that of the Canadian Arctic, 

Barents Sea, and Greenland was cooler and 

probably more humid. 

2009020091 

沿拉布拉多海岸陆地和海洋环境的冰后期 

变化 : 来自加拿大卡拉特赖特背斜 91-045- 

005-006 岩芯的孢粉证据 = Postglacial 

changes of terrestrial and marine 

environments along the Labrador coast: 

palynological evidence from cores 91-045-005 

and 91-045-006, Cartwright Saddle. ( 英文 ). 

Levac E; de Vernal A. Canadian Journal of 

Earth Sciences, 1997, 34(10): 1358–1365 

The palynology of cores from Cartwright 

Saddle led to reconstruction of sea-surface 

conditions on the basis of transfer functions 

using dinoflagellate cyst assemblages, and to 

correlations with vegetational history on 

adjacent land as derived from pollen 

assemblages. From deglaciation to about 

8000 BP, dinoflagellate cyst assemblages 

dominated by Algidasphaeridium minutum 

indicate Arctic-type sea-surface conditions, 

and pollen assemblages reveal tundra 

vegetation in southeastern Labrador. 

Codominance of A. minutum and 

Brigantedinium spp. indicate persistence of 

cold sea-surface conditions (August 

temperature < 3 °C) and extensive sea-ice 

cover (up to 11 months/year) until ca. 

6000 BP. However, the occurrence of Abies, 

which reached a maximum abundance at ca. 

7000–6000 BP, and increasing percentages 

of Alnus indicate northward tree migration and 

development of shrub tundra as a result of 

warmer terrestrial conditions. Around 

6000 BP, the significant occurrence of 

Peridinium faeroense and Nematosphaeropsis 

labyrinthus suggests the establishment of 

modern-like conditions in surface waters. This 

transition coincides with an abrupt increase in 

the abundance of Picea, associated with the 

regional development of spruce forests. The 

later marine record does not indicate any 

significant trend in sea-surface temperature, 

whereas decreasing abundance of arboreal 

pollen reflects opening of the forest cover in 

response to a slight cooling onshore. Thus, 

palynological analyses suggest complex 

changes in continental climate and marine 

hydrography along the coast of Labrador. 

2009020092 

新近系谢家阶层型剖面的孢粉植物群及其 

意义 = Palynoflora from the Stratotype 

Section of the Neogene Xiejian Stage and its 

Significance. ( 中文 ). 王伟铭 ; 邓涛 . 古生物学 

报 , 2009, 48(1): 1-8 

在中国新近系建阶研究中 , 文章作者对 

中新统最下部的一个阶谢家阶层型剖面开 

展了古地磁、孢粉等方面的综合研究工 

作。文中是在磁性地层学的时间标尺上 , 

着重讨论孢粉植物群的变化规律。谢家阶 

层型剖面中发现的孢粉组合特征 , 总体上 

与我国中新世早期的孢粉植物群变化规律 

相一致。但裸子植物花粉 , 尤其是云杉 

(Picea) 花粉的含量在两个含孢粉丰富的 

样品中 , 由下到上明显增加 , 反映出研究 

区早中新世气候具有趋冷特征 , 与同期深 

海氧同位素变化规律可相对比。而耐旱植 

物 , 尤其是藜科 (Chenopodiaceae) 和蒺藜 

科 (Zygophyllaceae) 白刺属 (Nitraria) 花 

粉的含量明显降低 , 反映谢家期后期孢粉 

组合所指示的湿度具有较明显的增加 , 推 

测与东亚季风在新近纪的发展存在着一定 

的耦合关系。此外 , 蒿属 (Artemisia) 花 

粉在样品中时有见到 , 与其在我国新近纪 

地层中的分布规律相一致 , 与车头沟剖面 

古地磁的测量结果相吻合。 

疑源类 

2009020093 

现生微生物群落形态研究及其对解释埃迪 

卡拉生物群化石属性的启示 = Research on 

morphology of modern microbial colonies and 

the implication for interpreting the affinities of 

the Ediacara Biota. ( 中文 ). 雷鸣 ; 张兴亮 . 古 

生物学报 , 2008, 47(4): 468-476 

通过对常见微生物种类进行纯培养获 

得多种微生物菌落形态 , 并将其与埃迪卡 

拉生物群化石形态进行对比研究 , 发现 : 

1) 盘状化石 Aspidella 与圆盘形菌落的轮廓 

和放射状分布的小脊具有相似性 ;2 ) 

"rangeomorphs” 

分支状化石与具有次级分支结构的菌 

落具有某些相似性 ;3) 五边形似棘皮动物 

化石 Arkarua adami 与五边形菌落较为相 

似 ;4) 两侧对称类化石 Kimberella 与圆盘 

形边缘具放射状脊的菌落的表面形态非常 

相似 ;5) 盘状化石 Albumares brunsae 与圆 

盘形表面具辐射状脊的菌落的轮廓和表面 

纹饰分布极为相似。以上对比结果表明部 

分埃迪卡拉生物群化石与微生物菌落形态 

30

具有一定的相似性。本研究为埃迪卡拉生 

物群化石生物属性的解译提供了新思路。 

2009020094 

贵州埃迪卡拉纪瓮安生物群化石含量的统 

计分析 = Quantitative Analysis On The Fossil 

Abundance Of The Ediacaran Weng ' an 

Biota, Guizhou. ( 中文 ). 殷宗军 ; 朱茂炎 . 古生 

物学报 , 2008, 47(4): 477-487 

贵州瓮安埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱组 (635- 

551Ma) 上磷矿段保存了大量精美的磷酸 

盐化微体球粒化石 , 它们主要由多细胞藻 

类、疑源类和处于不同发育阶段的多种动 

物胚胎化石组成 , 此外还包括少量后生动 

物的幼、成体化石。本文以贵州瓮福磷矿 

陡山沱组上磷矿段灰白色球粒状白云质磷 

块岩为研究对象 , 在总结瓮安生物群中不 

同生物化石的鉴别特征基础上 , 定量统计 

采自该层位的两组岩石样品 (WA—I 和 

WA-r1) 的酸处理砂样中的所有化石。统 

计结果表明 , 瓮安陡山沱组该磷块岩中化 

石质量和岩石中磷酸盐组分质量成正线性 

相关 , 两个样品中化石占全部磷酸盐组分 

的质量百分比均在 10% 左右 , 其中多细胞 

藻类和疑源类化石占全部化石含量均少于 

10%。这一结果客观地反映了瓮安生物群 

的化石丰度 , 证实了保存在瓮安陡山沱组 

上磷矿段灰色富氧含磷埋藏相中的瓮安生 

物群主要由动物胚胎化石组成的特征。 

2009020095 

澳大利亚 Officer 盆地埃迪卡拉纪疑源类外 

壁超微结构 = Wall ultrastructure of an 

Ediacaran acritarch from the Officer Basin, 

Australia. ( 英文 ). Willman S; Moczydłowska 

M. Lethaia, 2007, 40(2): 111-123 

Well-preserved organic-walled microfossils 

referred to as acritarchs occur abundantly in 

Ediacaran deposits in the Officer Basin in 

Australia. The assemblages are taxonomically 

diverse, change over short stratigraphical 

intervals and are largely facies independent 

across marine basins. Affinities of this 

informal group of fossils to modern biota are 

poorly recognized or unknown, with the 

exception of only a few taxa. Morphological 

studies by use of transmitted light microscopy, 

geochemical analyses and other lines of 

evidence, suggest that some Precambrian 

acritarchs are related to algae (including 

prasinophytes, chlorophytes, and perhaps also 

dinoflagellates). Limitations in magnification 

and resolution using transmitted light 

microscopy may be relevant when assessing 

relationships to modern taxa. Scanning 

electron microscopy reveals details of 

morphology, microstructure and wall surface 

microelements, whereas transmission electron 

microscopy provides high-resolution images 

of the cell wall ultrastructure. In the light of 

previous ultrastructural studies it can be 

concluded that the division of acritarchs into 

leiospheres (unornamented) and 

acanthomorphs (ornamented) is entirely 

artificial and has no phylogenetic meaning. 

Examination of Gyalosphaeridium pulchrum 

using transmission electron microscopy 

reveals a vesicle wall with four distinct layers. 

This multilayered wall ultrastructure is 

broadly shared by a range of morphologically 

diverse acritarchs as well as some extant 

microalgae. The chemically resistant 

biopolymers forming the comparatively thick 

cell, together with the overall morphology 

support the interpretation of the microfossil as 

being in the resting stage in the life cycle. The 

set of features, morphological and 

ultrastructural, suggests closer relationship to 

green algae than dinoflagellates. 

2009020096 

印度库茂恩小喜马拉雅新元古代 

Gangolihat 组微体化石及其地层和演化意 

义 = Microfossils from the Neoproterozoic 

Gangolihat Formation, Kumaun Lesser 

Himalaya: Their stratigraphic and 

evolutionary significance. ( 英文 ). Tiwari M; 

Pant I. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2009, 

35(2): 137-149 

A well-preserved microbial assemblage 

from the Gangolihat Dolomite, Kumaun 

Lesser Himalaya is described in the present 

paper. The present assemblage contains both 

filamentous (septate and non-septate) and 

coccoidal microfossils besides acritarchs and 

sponge spicules. The assemblage includes 23 

species belonging to 12 genera. 

Siphonophycus typicum is the most common 

species in the entire assemblage. The 

assemblage shows an abundance of filaments 

over coccoids and acritarchs. The assemblage 

includes Siphonophycus septatum, 

Siphonophyscus. typicum, Siphonophycus 

robustum, Siphonophycus capitaneum, 

Siphonophycus kestron and Siphonophycus 

punctatum, Gunflintia minuta, Gunflintia 

grandis, Gunflintia barghoornii, 

Oscillatoriopsis media, Oscillatoriopsis 

obtusa, Oscillatoriopsis cuboides, 

Oscillatoriopsis sp., Nostocomorpha, 

31

Chlorogloeaopsis contexta, Obruchevella 

parvissima, Sphaerophycus parvum, 

Myxococcoides minor, Leiosphaeridia crassa, 

Trachyhystrichosphaera 

vidalii, 

Trachyhystrichosphaera sp., Micrhystridium 

pallidum, Cymatiosphaera minuta and sponge 

spicules of monaxons and hexactinellid 

affinity. The assemblage suggests a 

Neoproterozoic age for Gangolihat Dolomite. 

2009020097 

湖北宜昌张村坪地区埃迪卡拉陡山沱组微 

体化石的新材料及其锆石 SHRIMP U-Pb 

年龄 = New material of microfossils from the 

Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in the 

Zhangcunping area, Yichang, Hubei Province 

and its zircon SHRIMP U-Pb age. ( 英文 ). Liu 

Pengju; Yin Chongyu; Gao Linzhi; Tang Feng; 

Chen Shouming. Chinese Science 

Bulletin, 2009, 54(6): 1058-1064 

The Zhangcunping area is located at the 

north limb of the Huangling anticline in 

Yichang, Hubei Province. Here, the 

sedimentary succession of the Ediacaran 

Doushantuo Formation is similar with that in 

the Weng ’ an area, Guizhou Province. A 

large number of new microfossils (mainly 

acanthoacritarchs) from the Doushantuo 

Formation in this area are reported in this 

paper. The fossil assemblage shows similarity 

as the phosphatized biota of the Doushantuo 

Formation at Weng’an, Guizhou Province 

and the silicified biota of the Doushantuo 

Formation at the Yangtze Gorges, which 

suggests that the Zhangcunping area is a key 

for correlation of the Doushantuo Formation 

between the Weng ’ an area, Guizhou 

Province and the Yangtze Gorges. Besides, a 

new zircon SHRIMP U-Pb age (614.0±7.6 

Ma) is first obtained from a horizon 

underneath the exposed surface in the middle 

of the Doushantuo Formation in the 

Zhangcunping area. This age not only 

provides a new datum for subdivision of the 

Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation, but also 

indicates that the age of the exposed surface in 

the middle of the Doushantuo Formation in 

the Yangtze Platform should be posterior to 

614.0±7.6 Ma. Due to the horizon of the 

Weng’an biota situated above the exposed 

surface, the age of the Weng’an biota should 

be posterior to 614.0±7.6 Ma as well. 

牙形石 

2009020098 

法国 Montagne Noire 地区早奥陶世的牙形 

类属 Teridontus (Miller, 1980) = The 

conodont genus Teridontus (Miller, 1980) 

from the Early Ordovician of Montagne Noire, 

France. ( 英文 ). Serpagli E; Ferretti A; Nicoll 

R S; Serventi P. Journal of 


The conodont genus Teridontus was 

introduced in 1980 by Miller and was based 

on the Late Cambrian species Oneotodus 

nakamurai Nogami, 1967 from the Yencho 

Member of the Fengshan Fm. of northeast 

China. Teridontus was later reported from 

either the Upper Cambrian or Lower 

Ordovician (Landing et al., 1980; Miller, 1980; 

Landing and Barnes, 1981; Landing, 1983; An 

et al., 1983, 1985; Ni et al., 1983; Peng et al., 

1983; Nowlan, 1985; Landing et al., 1986; 

Bagnoli et al., 1987; An, 1987; Buggisch and 

Repetski, 1987; Pohler and Orchard, 1990; An 

and Zheng, 1990; Seo and Ethington, 1993; 

Wang, 1993; Lehnert, 1994; Nicoll, 1994; Seo 

et al., 1994; Ji and Barnes, 1994; Taylor et al., 

1996; Lehnert et al., 1997; Jia, 2000; Dubinina, 

2000; Pyle and Barnes, 2002; Zeballo et al., 

2005) sediments in numerous localities around 

the world, but a unanimous interpretation of 

the composition of the Teridontus apparatus 

organization was far from accepted. 

In 2000 we were invited by J. J. Álvaro, E. P. 

Villas and D. Vizcaïno to join a working 

group on the stratigraphy of the Early 

Paleozoic of southern Montagne Noire 

(France). Our specific objective was the study 

of conodont faunas emerging from limestone 

intercalations in the Ordovician successions. 

Several samples from the Val d'Homs 

Formation collected in Sall è les-Caberd è s, 

from Munio Formation, collected in Combes 

de Barroubio (St. Jean de Minervois) and, 

chiefly, from the St. Chinian Formation 

collected in La Regagnade Valley (St. Martial), 

produced an amazingly rich conodont fauna 

attributed to the P. deltifer Zone and, more 

precisely, to the lower part of the P. deltifer 

deltifer Subzone (Álvaro et al., 2005; Serpagli 

et . . . 

2009020099 

马来西亚半岛西北 Langkawi 岛中晚奥陶 

世牙形类的生物地层学和古生物地理学 = 

Biostratigraphy and Paleobiogeography of 

Middle and Late Ordovician Conodonts from 

the Langkawi Islands, Northwestern 

Peninsular Malaysia. ( 英文 ). Agematsu S; 

32

Sashida K; Ibrahim A B. Journal of 


The Middle and Upper Ordovician 

sequence of the Langkawi Islands, 

northwestern peninsular Malaysia, contains 20 

species of conodonts belonging to 15 genera 

and four unidentified species, which are 

described and illustrated. The following four 

biostratigraphic zones are established for the 

study area: the Scolopodus striatus 

assemblage zone, the Periodon sp. A range 

zone, the Baltoniodus alobatus range zone, 

and the Hamarodus europaeus range zone, in 

ascending order. The Middle Ordovician 

fauna belongs to the low-latitude, warm-water 

Australian Province. Conodonts of the H. 

europaeus zone represent the HDS 

(Hamarodus europaeus-Dapsilodus mutatus- 

Scabbardella altipes) biofacies, which has 

been reported from the cool-water North 

Atlantic Faunal Region. The middle Arenigian 

limestones in the study area were deposited on 

a shallow-water shelf, whereas the late 

Arenigian to middle Darriwilian limestones 

formed in hemipelagic deeper-water 

conditions on an outer shelf or slope. 

2009020100 

美国弗蒙特绿山地快东部覆盖岩层中中奥 

陶世牙形刺发现的大地构造和区域变质意 

义 = Tectonic and regional metamorphic 

implications of the discovery of Middle 

Ordovician conodonts in cover rocks east of 

the Green Mountain massif, Vermont. ( 英文 ). 

Ratcliffe N M; Harris A G; Walsh G J. 


36(3): 371–382 

Middle Ordovician (late Arenigian - early 

Caradocian) conodonts were recovered from a 

dolostone lens in carbonaceous schist 30 m 

below the base of the Pinney Hollow 

Formation in the Eastern Cover sequence near 

West Bridgewater, Vermont. These are the 

first reported fossils from the metamorphic 

cover sequence rocks east of the Green 

Mountain, Berkshire, and Housatonic massifs 

of western New England. The conodonts are 

recrystallized, coated with graphitic matter, 

thermally altered to a color alteration index 

(CAI) of at least 5, and tectonically deformed. 

The faunule is nearly monospecific, consisting 

of abundant Periodon aculeatus Hadding and 

rare Protopanderodus. The preponderance of 

Periodon and the absence of warm, shallowwater 

species characteristic of the North 

American Midcontinent Conodont Province 

suggest a slope or basin depositional setting. 

The conodont-bearing carbonaceous schist is 

traceable 3 km southeast to the Plymouth area, 

where it had been designated the uppermost 

member of the Plymouth Formation, 

previously regarded as Early Cambrian in age. 

The age and structural position of the 

carbonaceous schist above dolostones of the 

Plymouth Formation but below the Pinney 

Hollow Formation (upper Proterozoic and 

Lower Cambrian) suggest that this unit may 

be correlative or time transgressive with the 

Ira Formation, which underlies the Taconic 

allochthons in the Vermont Valley. Such a 

correlation supports the concept of placing the 

western limit of the root zone of the Taconic 

allochthons beneath the Pinney Hollow 

Formation. An approximate absolute age 

assignment for the conodont-bearing rock is 

between 470 and 454 Ma. This suggests that 

dynamothermal metamorphism during the 

Taconian orogeny on the east flank of the 

Green Mountains was younger than early 

Caradocian, which is in accord with the 

middle Caradocian age of the Ira Formation 

west of the Green Mountain massif. 

2009020101 

加拿大洛矶山南部晚泥盆世至早石炭世碳 

酸盐斜坡相和黑色页岩系的牙形刺生物相 

模式 = Extension of lithofacies and conodont 

biofacies models of Late Devonian to Early 

Carboniferous carbonate ramp and black shale 

systems, southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. 

( 英文 ). Savoy L E; Harris A G; Mountjoy E 

W. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1999, 

36(8): 1281–1298 

Uppermost Devonian and Lower 

Mississippian strata in the Rocky Mountains 

of southwestern Canada and northwestern 

Montana record widespread oceanographic 

changes during middle to late Paleozoic time 

associated with the termination of a carbonate 

ramp system, the onset of a deep-water, lowoxygen 

event and possible marginal tectonism, 

and the later reestablishment of a carbonate 

ramp. Integrated lithofacies and conodont 

biofacies developed previously for these strata 

between the Bow Valley and the international 

border have been extended northward to the 

Athabasca region of the Alberta Rocky 

Mountains. During early-middle Famennian 

time, the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains 

region was the site of a westward-deepening 

and westward-thickening carbonate ramp 

system (Palliser Formation). By late 

Famennian time carbonate ramp deposition 

ended and was followed by widespread 

33

deposition of organic-rich, low-oxygen facies 

in shelf to basinal environments (Exshaw 

Formation and correlative units). The 

overlying Banff Formation consists of 

anaerobic to marginally aerobic, starved-basin 

to deep-ramp lithofacies succeeded by 

shallower water carbonates; this sequence 

records basinward (westward) progradation of 

the Banff ramp in middle to late Tournaisian 

time. Distinct conodont biofacies 

representative of shallow-ramp to deep-basin 

settings that were previously recognized in the 

southernmost Canadian Rocky Mountains and 

Montana have also been identified to the north 

between the North Saskatchewan and 

Athabasca valleys. Upper Palliser carbonates 

contain low-diversity conodont faunas of 

indigenous to transported palmatolepid-, 

polygnathid-, and apatognathid-dominated 

assemblages. Exshaw deposits contain 

indigenous and reworked palmatolepid- and 

bispathodid-dominated assemblages and 

reworked or transported polygnathids. Lower 

Banff biofacies include transported and 

indigenous assemblages of siphonodellids, 

polygnathids, and pseudopolygnathids 

representative of the deep-middle Banff ramp. 

Polygnathid-hindeodid biofacies of shallower 

middle-ramp environments occur higher in the 

Banff Formation in the North Saskatchewan 

and Athabasca valleys. 

2009020102 

日本 Oritate 的 Neostrachanognathus 

Tahoensis 及阿曼 Neostrachanognathus 种 

器官的重建 = Reconstruction of an apparatus 

of Neostrachanognathus Tahoensis from 

Oritate, Japan and species of 

Neostrachanognathus from Oman. ( 英文 ). 

Agematsu S; Orchard M J; Sashida K. 


The apparatus of an Early Triassic conodont 

Neostrachanognathus tahoensis Koike, 1998 

from Oritate, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan, 

and a species of Neostrachanognathus from 

Oman were reconstructed. On the basis of five 

natural assemblages from the Oritate area, the 

three-dimensional apparatus model of N. 

tahoensis is interpreted as bilaterally 

symmetrical and composed of 14 elements 

consisting of pairs of P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , and 

S 4 elements. The P 1 and P 2 elements are 

coniform elements, the P 3 elements are 

digyrate forms, and the S elements are 

bipennate ramiforms. The S elements are 

arranged rostrally in the apparatus and the 

pairs of the P 1 , P 2 , and P 3 elements are 

subvertically arranged caudally and ventrally 

to the S array. One of the natural assemblages 

was formed by rostrocaudal collapse of the 

apparatus on the sea floor, whereas the other 

assemblages indicate that conodont animals 

came to rest nearly parallel with the substrate 

prior to burial. A collection of isolated 

elements from Jabal Safra, Oman, includes a 

second species of Neostrachanognathus with a 

comparable apparatus. 

2009020103 

泰国半岛南部 Tarutao 岛早奥陶世牙形刺 

= Early Ordovician conodonts from Tarutao 

Island, Southern Peninsular Thailand. ( 英文 ). 

Agematsu S; Sashida K; Salyapongse S; 

Sardsud A. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(6): 1435- 

1453 

Early Ordovician conodont faunas of the 

Thung Song Formation on Tarutao Island, 

southern peninsular Thailand, consist of 14 

known species belonging to 17 genera, and 

eight undescribed species. Utahconus 

tarutaoensis and Filodontus tenuis are new 

species. Three conodont zones: the Rossodus 

manitouensis Zone, the Utahconus 

tarutaoensis Zone and the Filodontus tenuis 

Zone, in ascending order, are defined in the 

study sections. These are coeval with the 

interval from the Rossodus manitouensis Zone 

to the Acodus deltatus-Oneotodus costatus 

Zone of the standard zonation in the North 

American Midcontinent. Based on the 

conodonts studied here and fossils previously 

reported from Tarutao Island, the Thung Song 

Formation is early Tremadocian to middle 

Arenig (Ibexian) in age. This formation is 

lithostratigraphically subdivided into the S1 to 

S5 members, and our study sections consist of 

the S1 to S3 members. These strata 

accumulated on a shelf in the Early 

Ordovician. The depositional environments of 

the limestones making up the S1 and S3 

members were in deeper-shelf conditions. 

Limestone and shale of the S2 member formed 

in a shallow-water, high-energy environment. 

2009020104 

安徽石台奥陶纪弗洛期 - 大坪期牙形刺多样 

性的演变 = Conodont Diversification In The 

Zitai Formation ( Floian-Dapingian, Late 

Early-Early Mid Ordovician ) Of Shitai, 

Anhui Province, East China. ( 中文 ). 吴荣昌 ; 

詹仁斌 ; 李贵鹏 . 古生物学报 , 2008, 47(4): 

444-453 

34

基于安徽石台栗阳柳树亭下、中奥陶统 

紫台组牙形刺的系统研究 , 对该地区早奥 

陶世弗洛期一中奥陶世大坪期牙形刺多样 

性演变作了初步分析 , 发现牙形刺的简单 

分异度在弗洛晚期 Oepikodus evae 带达到峰 

值 , 有 17 属 20 种。之后 , 牙形刺分异度 

呈下降趋势。演变的总体趋势与湖北宜昌 

地区同期牙形刺的研究结果一致 , 其峰值 

出现的时间 (Oepikodus evae 带 , 相当于笔 

石 Didymograptellus eobifidus 带上部 , 

Corymbograptus deflexus 带 , 及 

Azygograptus suecicus 带下部 ) 与华南上扬 

子区腕足动物宏演化趋势 ( 首次峰值出现 

在 Didymograptellus eobifidus 带 ) 大体相 

似 , 但比三叶虫多样性演变在奥陶纪的首 

次峰值 ( 出现在 Exigraptus clavus 带 ) 早 , 

比扬子台地笔石多样性演变的首次峰值 

( 在 Acrograptus filiformis 带和 

Didymograptellus eobifidus 带下部 ) 晚。分 

析显示 , 该地区早、中奥陶世牙形刺多样 

性演变与海平面变化存在密切关联。 

2009020105 

利用透射电镜对超微结构、渗透性和牙形 

石磷灰石完整性的新观察 = New insights 

into the ultrastructure, permeability, and 

integrity of conodont apatite determined by 

transmission electron microscopy. ( 英文 ). 

Trotter J A; Fitzgerald J D; Kokkonen H; 

Barnes C R. Lethaia, 2007, 40(2): 97-110 

New crystalline structures have been 

observed in argon ion-milled conodont 

elements from a diverse suite of Ordovician 

taxa ('Cordylodus robustus', Drepanoistodus 

suberectus, Panderodus gracilis, Plectodina 

sp., Aphelognathus sp., Periodon aculeatus), 

using transmission electron microscopy 

(TEM). Electron diffraction patterns of albid 

tissue reveal that the component crystals are 

extraordinarily large, in the order of hundred(s) 

of microns. These large albid crystals show 

typical cancellate porosity, although a 

distinctly lamellar structure has also been 

observed within a large albid crystal 

positioned between hyaline lamellar and 

cancellate albid tissues. There is a distinct 

absence of 'interlamellar space' within all 

hyaline tissues examined, which are 

characterized by a polycrystalline matrix of 

micron-scale elongate crystals that are both 

strongly aligned and tightly bound within a 

broader lamellar structure. Optical opacity, 

caused by light scattering within large (≥ 0.5 

µm) pores, is also a feature of both albid and 

polycrystalline lamellar crown tissues. 

Accordingly, conodont hard tissues are 

differentiated by crystal size and shape, as 

well as inter- and intracrystalline porosity. 

These new observations highlight the 

structural complexities of conodont 

histologies and the need for more 

comprehensive investigations particularly of 

transitional crown tissues, which are not well 

defined by terms typically used in the 

literature. Their histological structures are 

interpreted to be a product of in vivo 

crystallization and thus provide new insights 

into the relative porosity, permeability, and 

inherent integrity of the tissues as well as their 

growth relationships. Accordingly, these data 

not only have implications for earlier 

histological and palaeobiological 

interpretations of conodont hard tissues but 

are also fundamental in determining their 

chemical integrity, which is crucial for 

characterizing palaeoseawater composition 

and palaeoenvironmental change. The 

potential for conodont apatite to retain 

primary chemical information depends on 

crystal size and permeability, so the large 

albid crystal domains are consistent with 

parallel geochemical studies that suggest that 

cancellate albid crown is more resistant to 

diagenetic modification. 

2009020106 

澳大利亚维多利亚 Tyers-Walhalla 地区威 

尔松页岩不同时代的下泥盆统牙形类带 = 

Conodonts of disparate Lower Devonian 

zones, Wilson Creek Shale, Tyers-Walhalla 

area, Victoria, Australia. ( 英文 ). Carey S P; 

Bolger P F. Alcheringa, 1995, 19(1): 73 - 86 

Thin limestone beds are a minor component 

of the Lower Devonian Wilson Creek Shale in 

the Tyers-Walhalla area of Victoria. Agediagnostic 

conodonts recovered are (1) 

Eognathodus sulcatus sulcatus, index to the 

sulcatus Zone (early Pragian), from the 

Thomson River south of Coopers Creek, and 

(2) Polygnathus dehiscens, index to the 

dehiscens Zone (early Emsian), from Jacobs 

Creek. The Wilson Creek Shale thus ranges 

from the sulcatus Zone to the dehiscens Zone, 

and is partly equivalent to the Coopers Creek 

Limestone (sulcatus Zone). Low-oxygen 

deposition existed in central Victoria over a 

considerably longer period in the Early 

Devonian than previously suspected. 

2009020107 

35

东攀剖面二叠纪末期牙形石动物群 : 浅水相 

与深水相的对比 = End-Permian conodont 

fauna from Dongpan section: Correlation 

between the deep-and shallow-water facies. 

( 英文 ). Luo Genming; Lai Xulong; Feng 

Qinglai; Jiang Haishui; Wignall P; Zhang 

Kexin; Sun Yadong; Wu Jun. Science in 

China Series D: Earth Sciences, 2008, 51(11): 

1611-1622 

This paper systematically investigated the 

conodonts from the uppermost Permian to the 

Lower Triassic at the Dongpan Section, 

Southern Guangxi, South China, and obtained 

abundant Late Permian conodonts from the 

syndepositional limestone lenses of beds 3 and 

5-2 at this section. One genus and eight 

species of conodont P1 element including one 

new species, Neogondolella dongpanensis sp. 

nov., have been identified. The feature of 

conodont fauna indicates that conodonts 

collected from beds 3 and 5 at the Dongpan 

Section belong to the Neogondolella yini 

conodont zone, and correspond to bed 24 at 

the Meishan Section. Based on these conodont 

data, we suggest that the Neoalbaillella 

optima radiolarian zone at the Dongpan 

Section at least extended to the upper part of 

the N. yini conodont zone. 

2009020108 

澳大利亚东部维宪系的牙形类生物地层 = 

Conodont biostratigraphy of the Visean Series 

in eastern Australia. ( 英文 ). Jenkins T B H; 

Crane D T; Mory A J. Alcheringa, 1993, 17(3): 

211 - 283 

Conodonts from Visean limestones of the 

Yarrol and Tamworth Belts of Queensland 

and New South Wales are, in general, sparsely 

preserved but widespread and about equally 

divided between endemic and cosmopolitan 

species. Patrognathus conjunctus sp. nov. is 

the commonest conodont in the early Visean 

and gave rise to Montognathus semicarinatus 

gen. et sp. nov. and to M. carinatus gen. et sp. 

nov., the trio being name-bearers for three 

zones based on endemic elements. The fourth 

and highest Visean zone has the mondial 

Gnathodus texanus and Gnathodus bilineatus 

as joint nominate species, the latter being 

included in the zonal name to emphasise the 

restricted definition we adopt for G. texanus. 

Adetognathus also probably evolved from 

Patrognathus to give a lineage of three new 

endemic species: — A. taphrognathoides, A. 

cannindahensis and A. subunicornis, all 

predating the earliest adetognathids of the 

northern continents. Cavusgnathus altifrons sp. 

nov. is intermediate in platform morphology 

and time-range between late Tournaisian 

Clydagnathus and late Mississippian species 

of Cavusgnathus; Synprioniodina thompsoni 

sp. nov., likewise seems to be intermediate 

between S. pulchra and Hindeodus cristula. 

Other new taxa are: Mestognathus convexus, 

Vogelgnathus angustus, Gnathodus rugulatus 

and G. girtyi maxwelli. Described and 

illustrated but left in open nomenclature are 

Adetognathus sp. A, Cudotaxis sp. A, 

Gnathodus sp. A, and Rhachistognathus sp. J. 

Conodont zones and brachiopod zones give 

generally accordant divisions, apparent 

discrepancies being attributable to zonal 

boundaries locally lacking sufficient data 

control or being influenced by major facies 

changes. Approximate limits are indicated in 

the sequences of eastern Australia for the 

Lower (VI), Middle (V2) and Upper (V3) 

divisions of the Visean, account being taken 

of ages suggested in the recent literature on 

ammonoids, algae and foraminifera. No 

evidence is found for any major hiatus in the 

Visean although regional disconformities 

mark its base in the Hunter Valley, N.S.W. 

and its top in parts of the Yarrol-Rockhampton 

area 

2009020109 

密西根盆地西北部下志留统 ( 阿伦尼克 

阶 ) 大化石和牙形类生物相 = Lower 

Silurian (Aeronian) megafaunal and conodont 

biofacies of the northwestern Michigan Basin. 

( 英文 ). Watkins R; Kuglitsch J J. Canadian 

Journal of Earth Sciences, 1997, 34(6): 753– 

764 

Lower Silurian (Llandovery: Aeronian) 

carbonates of the Burnt Bluff Group, 

northwestern Michigan Basin, represent a 

transect along a southward-dipping ramp that 

extends from tidal-flat to basin environments. 

Benthic megafaunas include an ostracod 

biofacies (tidal flat), stromatoporoid – coral 

biofacies (very shallow subtidal), pentamerid, 

crinozoan, and crinozoan – stromatoporoid 

biofacies (deeper subtidal), and a crinozoan– 

sponge biofacies (distal ramp and basin). The 

crinozoan–sponge biofacies, which includes 

diverse, small crinozoan ossicles, 19 types of 

siliceous sponge spicules, and at least 65 other 

taxa, has a biota that is similar to those of 

Silurian continental margins. Megafaunal 

biofacies indicate an Early Silurian gradient 

going from a shoreline in the north to water 

depths of perhaps 60 m in the south. The 

36

Burnt Bluff Group contains conodonts of the 

Icriodella discreta – Icriodella deflecta zone 

as an onshore biofacies with Panderodus, 

Kockelella, Ozarkodina, Icriodella, and 

Oulodus, and an offshore biofacies with 

Panderodus, Walliserodus, and Aspelundia. 

2009020110 

加拿大阿巴拉契亚晚奥陶世牙形类的大地 

构造和古地理意义 = Tectonic and 

paleogeographic significance of Late 

Ordovician conodonts in the Canadian 

Appalachians. ( 英文 ). Nowlan G S; 

McCracken A D; McLeod M J. Canadian 

Journal of Earth Sciences, 1997, 34(10): 

1521–1537 

Conodonts of Late Ordovician age are well 

represented in Laurentian parts of eastern 

Canada, but are rare in the Appalachian 

orogenic belt. They are known from the 

Anticosti Basin, the Matapedia Belt, and the 

Exploits Subzone of the Dunnage Zone. Two 

new discoveries are described: one from 

unnamed strata on Markey Brook, westcentral 

New Brunswick, and one from the 

Goss Point Formation (Avalon Zone, 

southwestern New Brunswick). Faunas from 

the Anticosti Basin are of undoubted 

Midcontinent Faunal Region affinity. Those 

from the Matapedia Belt are highly mixed 

both paleoecologically and provincially, 

containing elements of shallow- and deepwater 

Midcontinent affinity and elements 

typical of the Atlantic Faunal Region. Faunas 

from the Exploits Subzone and Markey Brook 

are also mixed, suggesting endemic faunas of 

Atlantic affinity with local influx of 

Midcontinent faunas from Laurentia. The 

Goss Point Formation, previously believed to 

belong to the Mascarene Group (a Silurian 

cover sequence on the Avalon Zone), also 

yields mixed faunas. Provincial mixing of all 

faunas east of the Anticosti Basin suggests 

that Late Ordovician faunas around Iapetus 

Ocean may have been more homogeneous 

than earlier Ordovician faunas. Therefore, the 

Iapetus Ocean may have been smaller or 

current patterns may have changed to permit 

trans-Iapetan migration. A strong global 

pattern of provincialism for Late Ordovician 

conodonts is recognized and a new 

Australasian Province is proposed. Conodonts 

permit identification of a previously 

unrecognized Ordovician volcanosedimentary 

succession that has economic and 

tectonic implications for the region. 

小壳化石 

2009020111 

骨骼微形态结构指示开腔骨类和赫尔克壳 

类关系紧密 = Skeletal microstructure 

indicates Chancelloriids and Halkieriids are 

closely related. ( 英文 ). Porter S M. 

Palaeontology, 2008, 51(4): 865 - 879 

Chancelloriids are problematic, sac-like 

animals whose sclerites are common in 

Cambrian fossil assemblages. They look like 

sponges, but were united with the slug-like 

halkieriids in the group Coeloscleritophora 

Bengtson and Missarzhevsky, 1981 based on a 

unique mode of sclerite construction. Because 

their body plans are so different, this proposal 

has never been well accepted, but detailed 

study of their sclerite microstructure presented 

here provides additional support for this 

grouping. Both taxa possess walls composed 

of a thin, probably organic, sheet overlying a 

single layer of aragonite fibres orientated 

parallel to the long axis of the sclerite. In all 

halkieriids and in the chancelloriid genus 

Archiasterella Sdzuy, 1969, bundles of these 

fibres form inclined projections on the upper 

surface of the sclerite giving it a scaly 

appearance. On the lower surface of the 

sclerite, the projections are absent. This 

microstructure appears to be unique to 

chancelloriids, halkieriids, and their relatives, 

siphogonuchitids and sachitids. (The sclerites 

of another putative halkieriid relative, 

Wiwaxia Walcott, 1911, are unmineralized, 

making direct comparisons impossible.) Thus, 

similarity both at the level of sclerite 

construction and the level of sclerite 

microstructure suggests that chancelloriid, 

halkieriid, sachitid, and siphogonuchitid 

sclerites are homologous. The difference in 

chancelloriid and halkieriid body plans can be 

resolved in two ways. Chancelloriids either 

represent a derived condition exhibiting 

complete loss of bilaterian characters or they 

represent the ancestral condition from which 

the bilaterally symmetric halkieriids, and the 

Bilateria as a whole, derived. The latter 

interpretation, proposed by Bengtson (2005), 

implies that coeloscleritophoran sclerites 

('coelosclerites') are a plesiomorphy of the 

Bilateria, lost or transformed in descendent 

lineages. Given that mineralized coelosclerites 

appear in the fossil record no earlier than c. 

542 Ma, this in turn implies either that the 

Ediacaran record of bilaterians has been 

misinterpreted or that coelosclerite 

preservability increased at the beginning of 

the Cambrian Period. The former is difficult to 

37

econcile with Ediacaran trace and body fossil 

evidence, but the latter may be possible, 

reflecting either independent mineralization of 

organic-walled sclerites in chancelloriids and 

halkieriids or the opening of a taphonomic 

window that favours coelosclerite preservation. 

2009020112 

湖北长江三峡地区早寒武世岩家河组化石 

群 = Fossil Association from the Lower 

Cambrian Yanjiahe Formation in the Yangtze 

Gorges Area, Hubei, South China. ( 英文 ). 

Guo Junfeng; Li Yong; Han Jian; Zhang 

Xingliang; Zhang Zhifei; Ou Qiang; Liu 

Jianni; Shu Degan; Maruyama S; Komiya. 

Acta Geologica Sinica, 2008, 82(6): 1124- 

1132 

Apart from previously reported Small 

Shelly Fossils (SSFs), a macroscopic fossil 

assemblage, comprising abundant algae, coneshaped 

tubular fossil forms, and probable 

impressions of a megascopic metazoan, comes 

from the Lower Cambrian Yanjiahe Formation 

in the Yangtze Gorges area of western Hubei 

Province, south China. The visible fossils are 

preserved in thinl aminated siltstone or muddy 

siltstone intercalated between 8-15 cm-thick 

carbonate deposits, probably representing 

sedimentary settings of a constrained local 

depression in the shallow water carbonate 

platform during the Early Cambrian 

Meishucunian Stage. The macroscopic fossil 

association provides significant fossil 

evidence about the evolution of life from the 

late Precambrian to the ' Cambrian 

explosion' interval. 

2009020113 

韩国寒武纪骨骼微化石地层意义的初步研 

究 = Stratigraphic Implications of Skeletal 

Microfossils from the Cambrian of Korea: A 

Preliminary Report. ( 英文 ). Lee Byungsu. 


1159 

Diverse small shelly fossils and other 

associated fossils were recently recovered 

from the Cambrian Hanaeri section, 

southwestern Mungyeong, Korea. The fauna 

includes conoidal problematica, poriferans 

( sponge spicules ) , coeloscleritophorans 

( chancelioriids ) , brachiopods, 

monoplacophorans, trilobite ( ) 

fragments, echinoderms, and conodonts. A 

preliminary assessment of faunal associations, 

stratigraphic implications, and the correlation 

of these skeletal fossils is given, based on 

occurrences of Actinotheca cf. mira (He), 

Microcornus sp., Torellela laevigata 

(Linnarsson), Torellela sp., Archiasterella 

quadratina Lee, Chancelloria sp., Lingulella 

sp., Prototreta sp., Phakelodus tenuis 

(Miiller), Phakelodus elongates (An), 

Hertzina sp., and Furnishina sp. 

古植物学 

综论 

2009020114 

智利中南部四个上三叠统小植物群 = Four 

Upper Triassic florules from central southern 

Chile (Cerro Ranguili, Cerro Quilvo, Cerro 

Gupo and Rio Quillen). ( 其他 ). Troncoso A; 

Herbst R. Ameghiniana: Revista de la 

asociacion Paleontologica Argentina, 2007, 

44(4): 661-672 

Four floristic assemblages mentioned in 

previous literature from four localities of 

central southern Chile are described. 

Localities are: Cerro Ranguili (Estero La 

Higuera Formation), Cerro Quilvo (La 

Patagua Formation or "Estratos de Pocillas"), 

Cerro Gupo (without stratigraphic 

denomination) and Rio Quillen (probably 

Huimpil-Llafquentue Formation). The plant 

list includes: Neocalamites sp., Cladophlebis 

sp., Dictyophyllum (T.) 

T rothi Frenguelli, 

Dictyophyllum (Thaumatopteris) sp., 

Dicroidium odontopteroides (Morris) Gothan, 

Dicroidium lancifolium (Morris) Gothan, 

Dicroidium super-bum (Shirley) Retallack, 

Zuberia zuberi (Szajnocha) Frenguelli, 

Xylopteris sp., Pterophyllum sp. a., 

Pterophyllum sp. b, Pterophyllum sp. c, 

Anomozamites sp., Sphenobaiera schenckii 

(Feistmantel) Florin, Taeniopteris sp. a., 

Taeniopteris sp. b, Linguifolium cf. lillieanum 

(Arber) Retallack, Linguifolium sp. and 

Heidiphyllum elongatum (Morris) Retallack. 

At Cerro Ranguili and Cerro Gupo there is a 

certain chronologic control with marine 

invertebrates, but in any case the florules 

indicate an undoubtedly Upper Triassic age. 

2009020115 

非海相晚古生代地层和植物群研究新进 

展 :16 届石炭纪和二叠纪国际会议的成果 

= Recent Advances on Non-Marine Late 

Paleozoic Strata and Floras: Outcome of the 

16th International Congress on the 

Carboniferous and Permian. ( 英文 ). Wang Jun; 

Liu Lujun; Pfefferkorn H W. Episodes, 2008, 

31(3): 348-350 

38

2009020116 

阿根廷中三叠世混交林生态复原 = 

Ecological reconstruction of a mixed Middle 

Triassic forest from Argentina. ( 英文 ). Brea 

M; Artabe A; Spalletti L A. Alcheringa, 2008, 

32(4): 365 - 393 

The palaeoecology of an in situ Middle 

Triassic forest known as the Darwin Forest, 

from the Paramillo Formation of Argentina, is 

described based on palaeobotanical, 

sedimentological and spatial analyses. The 

palaeoforest grew on an andisol soil that 

developed on volcaniclastic floodplain 

deposits. The volcanic detritus and the 

rhythmic amalgamation of upper flow-regime 

tractional deposits overlying the andisol 

indicate that the forest was buried rapidly by a 

subaerial, cool and wet pyroclastic base surge 

flow. The plant community was reconstructed 

by quantitative mapping of the fossilized 

stumps integrated with taxonomic and 

sedimentological information. The Darwin 

Forest had a tree density of 427-759 per ha, 

with an upper stratum (20-26 m) of 

corystosperms and a second stratum (16-20 m) 

of conifers. Estimated biomass is equivalent to 

modern dry monsoonal forest. The 

understorey was composed of ferns 

(Cladophlebis spp.). Quantitative growth-ring 

analysis of Araucarioxylon protoaraucana 

suggests that these trees were evergreen and, 

together with vegetation structure and 

sedimentary data, indicate that the forest 

developed under dry, subtropical, strongly 

seasonal conditions 

2009020117 

阿根廷丘布特 Taquetren 山 Canadon del 

Zaino 地区侏罗纪植物群时代的新证据 = 

New evidence for the age of the Jurassic Flora 

from Canadon del Zaino, Sierra de Taquetren, 

Chubut. ( 英文 ). Escapa I; Cuneo R; Cladera G. 

Ameghiniana: Revista de la asociacion 

Paleontologica Argentina, 2008, 45(3): 633- 

637 

2009020118 

澳大利亚新南威尔士晚石炭世一个具有异 

常内部构造的化石植物器官 = A fossil plant 

organ with unusual internal structure from the 

Late Carboniferous of New South Wales. ( 英 

文 ). Holmes W B K. Alcheringa, 1996, 20(2): 

69 - 72 

An unusual plant fossil of unknown 

affinities is reported from the Late 

Carboniferous of New South Wales. 

Burdekinia multiseptata gen. et sp. nov. is 

known from a straplike organ, externally 

rather featureless, but characterised by a 

distinctive internal structure of regular 

transverse sphenopsid-like partitions which 

form rectangular sections. These sections are 

filled with a lattice-work of about six parallel 

rows of small chambers which resembles the 

internal structure formed by aerenchyma cells 

in the leaves of the extant marsh plants in the 

genus Typha. 

2009020119 

中生代植物的生物多样性、解剖和演化 : 

前言 = Biodiversity, anatomy and evolution 

of Mesozoic plants: An introduction. ( 英文 ). 

Wang Yongdong; Axsmith B J. 

Palaeoworld, 2008, 17(3/4): 163-165 

2009020120 

下奥地利卢兹晚三叠世卡尼阶植物群 : 古 

生态意义 = The Carnian (Late Triassic) flora 

from Lunz in Lower Austria: Paleoecological 

considerations. ( 英文 ). Pott C; Krings M; 

Kerp H. Palaeoworld, 2008, 17(3/4): 172-182 

A recently completed systematic 

macromorphological and cuticular analysis of 

compressed gymnosperm foliage from the 

famous Carnian (Late Triassic) flora from 

Lunz in Lower Austria has provided detailed 

circumscriptions of the individual taxa and 

new information as to their ordinal and 

generic classification. Although the fossils 

represent several lineages of gymnosperms, 

including Cycadales, Bennettitales, 

Ginkgoales, it appeared that certain 

idiocuticular and epidermal features such as 

sunken stomata and papillate surfaces occur 

widespread among the taxa. The presence of 

coal seams indicates that the environmental 

conditions in the Lunz paleoecosystem were 

stable for longer periods and allowed for the 

accumulation of larger amounts of plant 

material. The formation of peat generally 

requires special conditions, including a stable, 

high groundwater table, reduced oxygen 

supply and low pH values, which are typically 

found in swamps or peat bogs. Many of the 

idiocuticular and epidermal features recorded 

for the Lunz plants can be interpreted as 

adaptations to ecological conditions 

characteristic of coal-producing peat swamps, 

e.g., physiological drought, and thus 

corroborate the interpretation of the Lunz 

paleoecosystem as a peat-forming 

environment. 

39

2009020121 

中国西北兰州地区早中侏罗世古环境变化 

的化石植物的证据 = Fossil plant evidence 

for Early and Middle Jurassic 

paleoenvironmental changes in Lanzhou area, 

Northwest China. ( 英文 ). Sun Bainian; Xie 

Sanping; Yan Defei; Cong Peiyun. 

Palaeoworld, 2008, 17(3/4): 215-221 

Estimating the paleoclimate changes 

through CO 2 levels has become a promising 

area of geological research. This paper focuses 

on analysis of fossil Ginkgo in continuous 

sedimentary series in northwestern China 

using plant anatomy and organic geochemistry 

approaches. The CO 2 variation curve during 

Early and Middle Jurassic is reconstructed 

based on the stomatal ratio method, which is 

consistent with the estimated results of 

GEOCARB III. In comparison with the carbon 

isotopic composition measured from the fossil 

leaves of Ginkgo, we suggest that the stomatabased 

CO 2 concentrations for the Jurassic are 

generally consistent with the predictions of the 

geochemical model, ranging from 1000 to 

1600 ppmv. Measurements of carbon isotope 

values demonstrate that the water use 

efficiency of the fossil Ginkgo in a “green 

house” world is higher than that of the living 

Ginkgo. Investigations of physiological 

responses of plants to the increasing CO 2 level 

at the present and in the future should help 

demonstrate this effect. The cause of the 

carbon isotopic shift at the boundary between 

Aalenian and Bajocian for the Yaojie Basin is 

unclear and therefore needs further 

investigation. 

2009020122 

印度萨特普拉盆地贾巴尔普尔组早白垩世 

植物群的生物多样性和古气候解释 = 

Biodiversity and palaeoclimatic interpretation 

of Early Cretaceous flora of Jabalpur 

Formation, Satpura Basin, India. ( 英文 ). 

Prakash N. Palaeoworld, 2008, 17(3/4): 253- 

263 

The Jabalpur Formation of Jabalpur series, 

named after Jabalpur city in Central India, is 

exposed along the Narbada River, in Satpura 

Basin. The series is divided into the lower 

Chaugan and the upper Jabalpur stages. The 

Jabalpur beds occur between Mahadevas and 

Lametas at Mahadeva Hills, exhibit highest 

Gondwanan strata, and embody diversified 

flora. These beds also extend laterally to 

Bairam and Belkher areas in western part of 

central India. The highest diversity of the 

floral assemblage is recorded in the central 

portion of the basin (Sehora and Hasnapur) 

whereas the lowest diversity is recorded in 

Morand River, Parsapani and Tilaksindoor 

areas. The diversity in floral assemblage 

indicates the dominance of conifers and 

pteridophytes along with cycadophytes and 

certain pteridosperms. The palynofloral 

assemblage from this formation contains 

pollen and spores of bryophytic, pteridophytic 

and gymnospermic groups. The 

palaeovegetational diversity, biostratigraphic 

correlation and phytogeographic distribution 

of the Jabalpur flora are discussed in 

comparison with various coeval floras of 

Indian peninsula along with contemporaneous 

deposits of the other Gondwanan regions. The 

palaeogeographic analysis suggests that the 

flora was thriving as mixed vegetation during 

Early Cretaceous under seasonally hot and dry 

or alternating with wet and dry condition. 

2009020123 

中生代化石木属 Xenoxylon 的系统分类关 

系 : 分子生物学和古植物学综合探讨 = 

Systematic relationships of the Mesozoic 

wood genus Xenoxylon: an integrative 

biomolecular and palaeobotanical approach. 

( 英文 ). Marynowski L; Philippe M; Zaton M; 

Hautevelle Y. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. 


177-189 

Xenoxylon is one of the very lew 

components of Mesozoic terrestrial biota 

which give clear palaeoecological signal. 

Unfortunately its systematic relationships are 

still unknown. This work analyzes the organic 

geochemistry of particularly well preserved 

samples of Xenoxylon from the Callovian of 

Lukow for comparison with the Bathonian of 

Gnaszyn. This study presents the evidence that 

preserved biomarkers and biomolecules are 

not exceptional in fossil wood, and that their 

composition generally supportsw the 

anatomical data. 

2009020124 

澳大利亚西南部西代尔第三纪早期大植物 

群 = An Early Tertiary macroflora from West 

Dale, southwestern Australia. ( 英文 ). Hill R S; 

Merrifield H E. Alcheringa, 1993, 17(4): 285 - 

326 

The Middle Eocene — Oligocene 

macroflora from West Dale in southwestern 

Australia is described. The majority of fossils 

are leaves, and 35 taxa are described and 

40

illustrated, including 12 new fossil species and 

three previously described species (two fossil, 

one extant). There are clear floristic 

similarities with Eocene — Oligocene 

macrofloras in eastern Australia (e.g. Agathis, 

Dacrycarpus, Gymnostoma, Cunoniaceae, 

Nothofagus, Lauraceae, Banksieaephyllum), 

but the West Dale flora is unique in the 

predominance of Myrtaceae and, to a lesser 

extent, Proteaceae. The West Dale macroflora 

offers support for the hypothesis that the 

Australian sclerophyll flora evolved primarily 

in response to low nutrient levels (especially 

phosphorus) and was pre-adapted to 

developing xeric climates. However, 

alternative hypotheses cannot be ruled out. 

2009020125 

阿根廷火地岛 Sloggett 组古近纪植物群 = 

Paleogene flora of the Sloggett Formation, 

Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. ( 英文 ). Panti C; 

Marenssi S A; Olivero E B. Ameghiniana: 

Revista de la asociacion Paleontologica 

Argentina, 2008, 45(4): 677-692 

In the southeastern corner of the Isla 

Grande of Tierra del Fuego, southernmost 

Argentina, small outcrops representing Late 

Eocene-Early Oligocene sedimentation in 

fluvial environments, are referred to the 

Sloggett Formation. This unit crops out along 

the shores of Bahia Sloggett, where it is 

represented by carbonaceous mudstones, 

sandstones and conglomerates. A new 

paleofloristic collection of this site, originally 

reported by Andersson at the beginning of the 

20(th), was collected and analyzed, revealing 

the presence of gymnosperm and angiosperm 

leaves. Conifers are represented by probable 

Podocarpaceae and the presence of 

Araucariaceae is confirmed by leaves with 

preserved anatomy. Angiosperms, although 

fragmentary, have been grouped in 

morphotypes, which are referred to the 

Nothofagaceae, Myrtaceae and Lauraceae. 

The Sloggett paleoflora is similar in 

composition to other contemporary floras, 

described from southern South America and 

that originated in temperate to cold-temperate 

and humid forest. 

2009020126 

化石细胞质的 AFM 观察 = An AFM 

Observation on Fossil Cytoplasm. ( 英文 ). 

Wang Xin; Yu Junping; Fang Xiaohong. Acta 

Geologica Sinica, 2008, 82(6): 1141-1145 

Fossil cytoplasm is a new research topic of 

interest in paleobotany. Atomic force 

microscope (AFM) is a new technology 

applied widely in physics and biology; 

however, it is rarely used in paleontology. 

Here we applied AFM for the first time to 

study fossil cytoplasm. The results indicate 

that the fossil cytoplasm is heterogeneous and 

full of ultrastructures, just like extant 

cytoplasm, and that the application of AFM, 

especially in combination with other 

techniques, can reveal the subcellular details 

of fossil plants with more confidence. 

2009020127 

云南龙陵上新世华山松木化石古植物化学 

研究 = Paleophytochemical Constituents from 

the Pliocene Fossil Wood of Pinus Armandii 

from Longling, Yunnan. ( 英文 ). Zhao 

Youxing; Li Chengsen; Yi Tiemei; Luo 

Xiaodong; Zhou Jun. Acta Geologica 

Sinica, 2008, 82(6): 1146-1151 

Specimens of fossil wood preserved 

lignified in Pliocene brown coal and identified 

as Pinus armandii Francher come from an 

opencast coalmine at Longling in western 

Yunnan Province, China. Phytochemical 

investigation of the fossil wood isolated using 

liquid column chromatography seven 

compounds (1-7) including a new fluorene 

derivative named 11,11-dimethyl-11Hbenzo[b]fluorene. 

A further 28 volatiles were 

detected by gas chromatography-mass 

spectrometry ( GC-MS ) . Spectroscopic 

investigation methods, including MS and 1D 

and 2D-NMR techniques elucidated the 

structure of the seven compounds. Two types 

of natural products, isopimara and stilbene 

commonly occuring in extant and Pliocene 

fossil P. armandii indicate phytochemical 

fidelity during burial under certain 

circumstances in sediments. Discovery of 

stilbenes that can inhibit the activities of 

wood-destroying fungi in the Pliocene P. 

armandii prompts the assumption that the 

chemical preservation of this Pliocene fossil 

wood of P. armandii in brown coal might 

contribute to the presence of inner natural 

inhibitors against wood-destroying fungi. 

2009020128 

阿根廷恩特雷里奥斯巴拉那托马维加中中 

新世巴拉那组化石林 : 季节性混合森林的 

记录 = Fossil woods from Parana Formation 

(Middle Miocene), Toma Vieja, Parana, Entre 

Rios, Argentina: record of seasonal mixed 

forests. ( 英文 ). Franco M J; Brea M. 


41


717 

Petrified woods of Middle Miocene from 

Parana Formation are described and assigned 

to Anacardiaceae, Leguminoseae and 

Solanaceae. The fossil descriptions are based 

on three anatomically preserved stems. The 

presence of a combination of characters in 

each one allowed to distinguish these families 

from other dicotyledonous and to assign the 

material to three new morfotaxa. The most 

related extant genera are Astronium Jacq., 

Parapiptadenia Brenan. and Solanum N. The 

affinities and paleogeographical relations are 

discussed. The fossil woods described in this 

contribution together with fossil material 

previously studied for this Formation 

(Entrerrioxylon victoriensis Lutz, 

Anadenantheroxylon villaurquisense Brea et 

al. and Astroniumxylon portmannii Brea et 

al.), suggest the existence of a 

paleocommunity linked seasonally dry 

tropical forest (SDTF), which at present are 

relict in localities isolated in the North of 

Argentina, Southeast of Bolivia and Brazil, 

but in the past represented a continuous 

extension in in South America. The presence 

of these woods in the Middle Miocene would 

indicate a climate warmer than the present for 

this region. 

2009020129 

运用饱和生物标志进行多元统计分析在 

Krepoljin 煤田形成中植物脂类的成岩作用 

= The Diagenesis of Plant Lipids during the 

Formation of the Krepoljin Coal Basin 

(Serbia) ——Using Multivariate Statistical 

Analysis in the Saturated Biomarkers. ( 英文 ). 

Devic G; Jovancicevic B. Acta Geologica 

Sinica, 2008, 82(6): 1168-1178 

The composition of the saturated 

hydrocarbon fraction of soluble organic matter 

(bitumen) from the Krepoljin brown coal 

basin (East Serbia) of Miocene age was 

investigated. The Krepoljin basin is especially 

interesting from a geochemical point of view. 

Namely, by the end of Tertiary Period, the 

basin was covered by powerful Mesozoic 

formations of great possibilities, the bedding 

became hermetically enclosed and protected 

from subsequent external influences. The 

nature of early diagenetic processes in the 

environment with abundant accumulation of 

organic substance is defined by the molecular 

content of bitumen through the connections of 

molecular structures to potential precursors in 

paleoplant phylla, as well as by the degree of 

their diagenetic transformations. The 

hierarchy of parameters based on molecules of 

saturated hydrocarbons was determined by 

applying the principal component analysis to 

the soluble organic matter. The most 

significant, most " loadings " values of 

component CI, are the plant types such as 

precursors or participants in early diagenetic 

transformations of steranes Cs27-algal 

precursor material, Cs28-moulds, Cs29-higher 

land and water plants; resinous from the group 

of higher plant gymnosperms ( G ) ; also 

triterpanes a and β -amirindicotyledonous 

angiosperms ( A ) and bacterial and/or 

terrestrial plants population represented by 

hopanes/moretanes; as well as the parameters 

which describe the degree of 

diagenetic/maturation transformation of 

precursor biomass, and based on next 

reactions: (1) shifting of methyl group, 

influenced by the inorganic sediment 

constitutents, sterane-rearranged steranes, 

(2) isomerization in the ring system, αα 

α→βββ C29 sterane as well as (3) 

isomerization on chiral center of the side chain 

sequence R→S C29 sterane S/ (S+R). 

Additionally, a pyrite-derived inhibitory effect 

on the rearrangment of C29 steranes must be 

taken into account, but not on triterpanes 

reaction. Non- appearance of statistically 

important correlations, before all with 

maturational depended parameters, and after 

all also with source indicators contributies to 

the affirmation of the newly-suggested 

parameter α -Phyllocladane/S27 as the real 

source biomarker of coal. Indicators derived 

from the distribution and abundance of n- 

alkanes and isoprenoid alkanes are of less 

significance in hierarchy of parameters. 

2009020130 

最早乔木的演化 : 泥盆纪的策略 = 

Evolution of earliest trees: The Devonian 

strategies. ( 法文 ). Meyer-Berthaud B; 

Decombeix A L. Comptes Rendus 

Palevol, 2009, 8(2-3): 155-165 

The earliest axes exceeding 10 cm in 

diameter, and presumed to represent small 

trees, evolved in the Middle Devonian (about 

395 million years). They belong to the 

Cladoxylopsida, a basal group of ferns s.l. 

lacking leaves. These trees grow mainly 

vertically, the trunk producing short-lived 

branches at the top and adventitious roots at 

the base. They show a dissected 

vascularisation, and little if any secondary 

42

tissues. The Archaeopteridales that evolved at 

the end of the Middle Devonian, have leaves, 

abundant wood, and secondary phloem. 

Growth in the aerial and subterranean parts is 

tri-dimensional and extensive. Contrary to 

these two strategies that evolved several times 

independently during the history of terrestrial 

plants, that exhibited by the lycophytes 

became extinct at the end of the Mesozoic. 

These trees are characterized by a symmetrical 

development of the aerial and underground 

parts that branch dichotomously. Branch 

production by the trunk is relatively late. 

These trees show a narrow vascular system 

and a wide cortex. 

2009020131 

阿根廷 Entre 地区 Parana 组大植物组合 = 

Macrofloristic assemblage of the Parana 

Formation (Middle-Upper Miocene) in Entre 

Rios (Argentina). ( 英文 ). Anzotegui L M; 

Acenolaza P G. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie 

u. Palaontologie / Abhandlungen, 2008, 

248(2): 159-170 

In this study, foliar impressions such as 

Myrciophyllum paranaesianum sp. nov.; 

Laurophyllum sp., and Schinus aff. 

terebinthifolia are described. The assignment 

of Laurophyllum and Myrciophyllum and the 

existence of xerophytic forests are discussed. 

2009020132 

亚洲东北部和阿拉斯加北部在白垩纪 - 古近 

纪过渡时期植物群的发育 = Flora 

development in Northeastern Asia and 

Northern Alaska during the Cretaceous- 

Paleogene transitional epoch. ( 英文 ). Herman 

A B; Akhmetiev M A; Kodrul T M; Moiseeva 

M G; Iakovleva A I. Stratigraphy and 

Geological Correlation, 2009, 17(1): 79-97 

Study of floral succession from the 

Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary interval in 

Russian Far East (Zeya-Bureya depression), 

Northeastern Russia (Koryak Upland), and 

Northern Alaska (Sagavanirktok River basin) 

is crucial for better understanding 

palaeoclimatic and palaeogeographic factors, 

which controlled events in vegetation 

evolution at that time. The succession of fossil 

floras in the Zeya-Bureya depression includes 

plant assemblages of the Santonian, 

Campanian, early Danian, Danian, and 

Danian-Selandian age. The early Danian 

Boguchan Flora keeps continuity in 

composition and dominating taxa with the 

Campanian Late Kundur Flora. The Koryak 

Flora of the Amaam Lagoon area 

(Northeastern Russia) is dated as late 

Maastrichtian based on correlation of plantbearing 

beds with marine biostratigraphy, 

whereas the Early and Late Sagwon floras of 

Northern Alaska are dated back to the Danian- 

Selandian and early Paleocene based on 

palynological and macrofloristic data. The 

Early Sagwon Flora is most close to the late 

Maastrichtian Koryak Flora of the Amaam 

Lagoon area in composition and main 

dominants, while the Late Sagwon Flora is 

comparable with the Danian or Danian-() 

Selandian flora from the Upper Tsagayan 

Subformation of the Amur area. In a 

florogenic aspect, trans-Beringian plant 

migrations from northeastern Asia and 

southern palaeolatitudes of the Far East, which 

became possible due to Paleocene climate 

warming in Arctic, have played an important 

role in forming of the Paleocene floras of 

Northern Alaska. Floras of the Far East and 

high latitudes of Asia and North America 

show no evidence of catastrophic event at the 

Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Their 

development was most probably controlled by 

climate changes, plant evolution and 

migration. 

2009020133 

基于叶缘分析法定量重建中国始新世植物 

群的年均温 = Reconstruction Of Mean 

Annual Temperature In Chinese Eocene 

Paleofloras Based On Leaf Margin Analysis. 

( 中文 ). 苏涛 ; 星耀武 ; 杨青松 ; 周浙昆 . 古生物 

学报 , 2009, 48(1): 65-72 

全球气候在始新世总体上经历了由极热 

逐渐转冷的过程。植物叶片化石作为地质 

时期的产物 , 可以用来反映陆地古气候的 

这一变化历史。文中采用叶缘分析法首次 

定量重建中国始新世 6 个植物群的古年均 

温。分析结果显示 , 热鲁植物群 ( 年均温 

17.3±3.7℃)、依兰植物群 A 段 ( 年均 

温 18.2±2.9℃) 和柳区植物群 ( 年均温 

22.7±2.3℃) 反映了早始新世至中始新 

世早期气温较高。依兰植物群 B 段 ( 年均 

温 10.1±3.4℃)、石脑植物群 ( 年均温 

10.1±3.4℃)、抚顺植物群 ( 年均温 

5.0±1.4℃) 和白鹿塬植物群 ( 年均温 

9.2±3.1℃) 则反映了中始新世后期至 

晚始新世气温明显下降的过程。植物群的 

古年均温推测值与植物群物种组合代表的 

气候类型吻合。研究表明 , 始新世时期中 

国与全球的气候变化过程基本一致 , 即早 

43

始新世至中始新世早期气温较高 , 中始新 

世后期至到晚始新世气温明显降低。 

2009020134 

分子碳同位素组分显示的晚第四纪以来中 

国黄土高原中部地区植被的演化 = 

Vegetation evolution on the central Chinese 

Loess Plateau since late Quaternary evidenced 

by elemental carbon isotopic composition. ( 英 

文 ). Zhou Bin; Shen Chengde; Zheng Hongbo; 

Zhao Meixun; Sun Yanmin. Chinese Science 

Bulletin, 2009, 54(12): 2082-2089 

There are many controversial issues in loess 

studies such as natural vegetation types on the 

Chinese Loess Plateau during the historical 

periods and the spatial and temporal evolution 

of C 3 /C 4 plants. Elemental carbon isotopic 

composition (δ 13 C ec ) in the loess section 

may offer new evidence for these problems. 

Elemental carbon (EC) is produced by 

incomplete combustion of vegetation, and its 

carbon isotopic composition has a very small 

difference from that of the formal vegetation, 

then δ 13 C ec can be used as a record to 

recover the changes of vegetation. Elemental 

carbon was extracted by applying the 

oxidation method from the loess-paleosol 

sequence in the central Chinese Loess Plateau, 

and its carbon isotope composition was 

analyzed by the isotope mass spectrometer. 

The results showed that the vegetation in this 

region was a mixed type of C 3 and C 4 plants, 

dominated with C 3 plants in most of the time. 

Since late Quaternary, C 3 /C 4 plants may not 

follow a simple glacial-interglacial cycle 

mode on the Chinese Loess Plateau, but 

showing fluctuations. C 3 plants increased 

gradually in L4 period, and more C 3 plants 

occurred during S3 period, and C 4 plants 

increased again during L3-L2 periods, after 

that, C 3 plants dominated again during S1-S0 

periods. During periods of paleosol 

development, C 3 plants were abundant in S3 

and S1, and there were more C 4 plants in S2 

and S0. During periods of loess sedimentation, 

there were more C 3 plants in L4 and L1, and 

there were more C 4 plants in L3 and L2. On 

the orbital timescale, the vegetation variations 

revealed by δ 13 C ec record are consistent with 

the results of pollen data and also similar to 

the results obtained by organic carbon isotopic 

composition since the last glacial period. 

藻类 

2009020135 

北大西洋东部上新世 - 更新世沟鞭藻囊孢和 

疑源类事件的时代标定 (DSDP Hole 610A) 

= Age calibration of dinoflagellate cyst and 

acritarch events in the Pliocene-Pleistocene of 

the eastern North Atlantic (DSDP Hole 610A. 

( 英文 ). De Schepper S; Head M J. 

Stratigraphy, 2008, 5(2): 137–161 

An independently calibrated record of 

dinoflagellate cyst and acritarch events is 

presented for the Early Pliocene through 

Middle Pleistocene (ca. 4.0 – 0.5 Ma) of 

eastern North Atlantic Deep Sea Drilling 

Project (DSDP) Hole 610A. A new age model 

is establishedfor this hole and tied to marine 

isotope stratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy 

back to 3.6 Ma. New data on the range of the 

calcareousnannofossil Reticulofenestra 

pseudoumbilicus indicate that the base of this 

hole is about 1.0 Myr younger than previously 

thought. A diverse dinoflagellate cyst and 

acritarch record allows the significant highest 

and/or lowest occurrences of 19 dinoflagellate 

cystand seven acritarch taxa to be recognised 

in Hole 610A and calibrated to the latest 

astronomically-tuned Neogene time scale 

(ATNTS2004) via our new age model. 

Comparing records across the North Atlantic 

and Mediterranean reveals near-synchronous 

highest occurrences of the dinoflagellate cysts 

Ataxiodinium confusum (2.63 – 2.65 Ma), 

Invertocysta lacrymosa (2.72–2.74 Ma in the 

eastern andcentral North Atlantic and 

Mediterranean) and Impagidinium solidum (ca. 

3.15 – 3.17 Ma), and the acritarch 

Leiosphaeridiarockhallensis (ca. 3.83 – 3.88 

Ma). Highest occurrences of the dinoflagellate 

cyst Batiacasphaera minuta/micropapillata 

(3.83 – ca. 3.7Ma) and acritarch 

Cymatiosphaera latisepta (2.49 – 2.63 Ma) 

also provide useful markers for correlation.A 

precise stratigraphy for Hole 610A allows us 

to evaluate the impact of paleoceanographic 

and climatic events on the dinoflagellatecyst 

record. Climatic and oceanographic 

reorganizations associated with the onset of 

Northern Hemisphere glaciation 

appearresponsible for the disappearance of 

many species between 2.8 and 2.6 Ma. The 

lowest occurrence of Impagidinium 

cantabrigiense (1.86 Ma) in the Olduvai 

Subchron is one of the few good 

biostratigraphicmarkers for the uppermost 

Gelasian in Hole 610A 

2009020136 

44

加拿大西北地区 Quartzite 湖地区 Hurwitz 

群古元古代叠层石 = Paleoproterozoic 

stromatolites, Hurwitz Group, Quartzite Lake 

area, Northwest Territories, Canada. ( 英文 ). 

Hofmann H J; Davidson A. Canadian Journal 

of Earth Sciences, 1998, 35(3): 280–289 

Decimetric to metric domal stromatolites 

with constituent ministromatolites characterize 

reddish, 

13 C-enriched dolostones in the 

Watterson Formation of the Quartzite Lake 

area west of Hudson Bay. They provide 

paleontologic support for a correlation with 

the only other known early Paleoproterozoic 

stromatolite occurrences in North America: 

the Kona Formation of Michigan, and the 

Nash Formation in southern Wyoming. They 

also are similar to stromatolites in probable 

coeval Jatulian carbonates in Karelia on the 

Baltic Shield, and possibly to stromatolites in 

the Hutuo Group in China. 

2009020137 

加拿大西北地区斯莱芙构造省太古代晚期 

贝克河成层火山叠层石 = Stromatolites of 

the late Archean Back River stratovolcano, 

Slave structural province, Northwest 

Territories, Canada. ( 英文 ). Lambert M B. 


35(3): 290–301 

Nine stromatolite localities in the Back 

River volcanic complex occur at the boundary 

between 2692 Ma felsic dome-flow complexes, 

marking the latest eruptions of this 

stratovolcano, and overlying turbiditic 

sedimentary rocks of the Beechy Lake Group, 

Yellowknife Supergroup. Stromatolites form 

lenses isolated within coarse volcanic breccia 

at margins of felsic dome-flow complexes, 

and 2 m thick bioherms that extend laterally 

for hundreds of metres. Thin units contain 

wavy laminae and open-spaced, linked 

mounds, which form thin encrustations on 

breccia blocks, or clusters of mounds with low 

synoptic relief. Thick successions comprise 

undulatory, flat laminated dolomite that 

contains wrinkled wavy laminae, 

pseudocolumnar forms, and locally elongate, 

low-relief mounds. These units typically 

contain millimetre-scale layers of fine 

volcanic ash at regular intervals, testifying 

periodic explosive eruptions during deposition 

of microbial mats. The stromatolites, which 

are identified by gross morphology and 

distinctive laminae, are all stratiform types. 

Carbonate units all occur on the seaward side 

of the volcanic dome-flow complexes that 

straddled the shoreline around the volcano. 

The stromatolites probably represent isolated 

microbial communities that may have 

developed around areas of fumarolic (or 

hydrothermal) activity associated with these 

domes. Stratigraphy seaward from the domes 

comprises carbonate-cemented dome-flanking 

breccia, stromatolitic and oolitic carbonate, 

pebbly rhyolite volcarenite, carbonaceous 

mudstones, banded iron formation, and 

turbidites. Thus the stromatolites mark a local 

environment where life flourished in an 

Archean sea that lapped onto active volcanic 

domes along the shallow flanks of an 

emergent stratovolcano. 

2009020138 

加拿大北极地区 Kanguk 组康尼亚克期晚 

期角藻型沟鞭藻囊胞新种 Odontochitina 

octopus = A late Coniacian ceratioid 

dinoflagellate cyst, Odontochitina octopus 

sp.nov., from the Kanguk Formation, 

Canadian Arctic. ( 英文 ). N ú ñez-Betelu K; 

Hills L V. Canadian Journal of Earth 

Sciences, 1998, 35(8): 923–930 

Anew species of dinoflagellate cyst, 

Odontochitina octopus sp.nov., is described 

from the Upper Cretaceous Kanguk Formation 

of the Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic 

Islands. The features that support the proposal 

of this new species also necessitate the 

emendation of the genus. Odontochitina 

octopus is a large, cornucavate, and ceratioid 

cyst with four finger-like terminations on the 

apical horns and two terminations on both the 

postcingular and antapical horns. These 

finger-like terminations are unique to this new 

species and are formed by the detachment of 

the paraplates at mid-length of each horn. All 

other features of O. octopus conform with the 

previous description of the genus. In the 

Family Ceratiaceae four plates form the apical 

horn, whereas two plates are involved in both 

the postcingular and antapical horns. In O. 

octopus the mid-length detachment of the 

horn-forming paraplates seems to have 

developed the finger-like terminations. Since 

the nature and amount of pores and 

perforations in other species of Odontochitina 

are variable and possibly linked to changes in 

the environment, the presence of the multiplefingered 

O. octopus in a single widespread 

horizon might also be indicative of short-lived 

unusual environmental conditions. At this 

horizon, which has been dated as late 

Coniacian by the ammonite Scaphites 

depressus Reeside, the palynomorph 

45

assemblage is highly dominated by marine 

species. 

2009020139 

钙藻 : 国际化石藻类协会第五届区域大会有 

关论文介绍 = Calcareous algae: Introduction 

to Contributions from the 5th Regional 

Symposium of the International Fossil Algae 

Association. ( 英文 ). Nebelsick J H; Bassi D. 


/ Abhandlungen, 2007, 244(1): 129-131 

This is an introduction to contributions to 

the 5th Regional Symposium held at the 

University of Ferrara in August, 2005. Four 

papers are included: 1) A paper on the 

dasyscladalean Triploporella praturlonii from 

the Lower Barremian of France by Ioan I. 

Bucur, Annie Arnaud-Vanneau and Hubert 

Arnaud; 2) A palaeoenvironmental analysis of 

Late Miocene coralline red algal assemblages 

of central Crete (Greece) by Karsten Kroeger; 

3) Pleistocene carbonate build-ups from the 

marine terrace of Cutro (southern Italy) 

showing biologically-induced change of 

substrates in the corallinene de plateou by 

Daniela Basso, Ronald Nalin and Francesco 

Massari; and 4) An account of Pleistocene 

species of Lithophyllum (Corallinaceae, 

Rhodophyta) from Sicily by Raffaella Di 

Geronimo. 

2009020140 

法国东南部 Vercors 南下巴雷姆阶 

Triploporella praturlonii 的评述 = Remarks 

of Triploporella praturlonii Barattolo 1982 

from the Lower Barremian of Southern 

Vercors (SE France). ( 英文 ). Bucur I I; 

Arnaud-Vanneau A; Arnaud H. Neues 

Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. Palaontologie / 

Abhandlungen, 2007, 244(1): 133-141 

Several specimens of Triploporella 

praturlonii including partially detached 

individuals isolated from the host rock by 

weathering and two logitudinal sections have 

been identified in the lower Barremian 

deposits from southern Vercors. The collected 

material allowed us to provide additional 

remarks on the morphology of this alga and on 

its distribution in the Tethyan area. 

2009020141 

希腊克里特中部上中新统珊瑚红藻组合 : 系 

统分类和古环境意义 = Upper Miocene 

coralline red algal associations of central 

Crete (Greece): taxonomy and 

palaeoenvironmental implications. ( 英文 ). 

Kroeger K F. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. 


143-171 

Tortonian limestones contain a diverse 

coralline red algal flora with abundant 

Spongites albanense and Titanoderma 

pustulatum, varous species of Mesophyllum 

and Lithothamnion as well as species of 

Lithophyllum and Sporolithon. The 

associations reflect a temperature range 

typical for the temperate tropical realms and a 

variety of depth intervals. It is therefore 

suggested that these associations can be used 

as a basis for palaeoenvironmental studies in 

Cenozoic sediments. 

2009020142 

意大利南部西西里地区 Lithophyllum 属的 

更新世种的总计 = An account of Pleistocene 

species of Lithophyllum (Corallinaceae, 

Rhodophyta) from Sicily (Southern Italy). ( 英 

文 ). Di Geronimo R. Neues Jahrbuch fur 

Geologie u. Palaontologie / 

Abhandlungen, 2007, 244(2): 183-196 

Only two species of Lithophyllum 

(Lithophyllum racemus and Lithophyllum 

microcarpum) were recorded from the 

Pleistocene of Italy. In the present work, 

Pleistocene Corallinales assemblages, from 

different outcrops of south-eastern Sicily 

(Italy), hve been examined allowing four 

Lithophyllum species to be distinguished, all 

of them presently living in the Mediterranean 

Sea. Morphological and systematic acconts 

are provided for each species applying 

features which are used for living material. 

Moreover, the present-day geographical 

distribution and ecological interpretation of 

these species as well as their stratigraphic 

distribution are reported. 

2009020143 

上阿尔比阶琥珀中海生硅藻的异常保存 = 

Exceptional preservation of marine diatoms in 

upper Albian amber. ( 英文 ). Schmidt A R; 

Struwe S; Perrichot V; Breton G; Néraudeau 

D. Geology, 2000, 37(1): 83-86 

Late Albian amber from Charente-Maritime 

(southwestern France) contains the first known 

marine diatoms preserved in a fossil resin. 

Approximately 70 inclusions were assignable 

to the genera Basilicostephanus, 

Coscinodiscus, Hemiaulus, Melosira, Paralia, 

Skeletonema, 

Stephanopyxis, 

Trochosira, Aulacoseira, and to the order 

Rhizosoleniales. Some of them are 

46

epresented by several species. This diatom 

assemblage is mainly composed of colonial 

planktonic genera, which are typical for 

coastal shallow waters. The newly found 

amber inclusions extend the fossil record of 

four genera and one order from the Late 

Cretaceous and support certain molecular 

phylogenetic assumptions regarding the 

diversification of marine diatoms in the Early 

Cretaceous. The unusual introduction of 

diatom shells from the beach or sea by wind, 

spray, or high tide onto the resin flows was 

possible because the amber forest grew close 

to the seashore. 

2009020144 

波兰卡洛夫期沟鞭藻囊孢的新检验 = 

Dinoflagellate cysts from Callovian of Lukow 

(Poland) - a re-examination. ( 英文 ). Gedl P. 


/ Abhandlungen, 2008, 247(2): 209-269 

More than 110 dinoflagellate cyst taxa have 

been found in the Callovian fossiliferous 

concretion and mudsone samples from Lukow. 

Their assemblages are dominated by proximal 

species with apical archaecopyle (Lithodinia 

jurassica, Senstusidinium spp., 

Batiacasphaera spp., Escharisphaeridia spp.). 

The Lukow assemblage may be correlated 

with the Upper Callovian Wanaea thysanota 

Interval Biozone established in the British 

Isles. Diversity of the dinoflagellate cyst 

assemblage indicates optimal living conditions 

for dinoflagellates whereas dominance of 

land-derived phytoclasts and sporomorphs 

suggests a nearshore sedimentary setting. 

Presence of some endemic Boreal species, 

Ctenidodinium thulium and Valvaeodinium 

groenlandicum, points to influences from 

northern areas. 

2009020145 

西澳大利亚 Glengarry 盆地古元古代 

Glengarry 群叠层石 = Stromatolites from the 

Palaeoproterozoic (Orosirian) Glengarry 

Group, Glengarry Basin, Western Australia. 

( 英文 ). Grey K. Alcheringa, 1994, 18(4): 275 

- 300 

New stromatolite taxa are described from 

the Glengarry Group, Glengarry Basin 

(formerly part of the Nabberu Basin), Western 

Australia, as part of ongoing biostratigraphic 

studies of Proterozoic sequences in Western 

Australia. A new group and form, Wilunella 

glengarrica is proposed, and two new forms, 

Kussoidella karalundienis and Segosia 

finlaysoniensis are circumscribed. In addition, 

three other forms, represented only by poorly 

preserved specimens and as yet insufficiently 

known for formal taxonomic designation, are 

briefly described. The assemblage differs from 

that of the overlying Earaheedy Group, and 

can be used to distinguish basal Glengarry 

Group sequences from outliers of the 

lithologically similar basal Earaheedy Group. 

The Glengarry Group taxa have not been 

reported outside the Glengarry Basin, and are 

therefore of little use at present for interregional 

correlation. However, the ranges of 

the previously described groups Kussoidella 

and Segosia are consistent with the probable 

1·8 Ga or older age of the Glengarry Group. 

2009020146 

西澳大利亚 Earaheedy 盆地古元古代 

Earaheedy 群叠层石 = Stromatolites from 

the Palaeoproterozoic Earaheedy Group, 

Earaheedy Basin, Western Australia. ( 英文 ). 

Grey K. Alcheringa, 1994, 18(3): 187 - 218 

Two new stromatolites, Ephyaltes 

edingunnensis and Eucapsiphora leakensis, 

are described from the Palaeoproterozic 

Earaheedy Group, in the Earaheedy Basin 

(formerly the eastern part of the Nabberu 

Basin), Western Australia. In addition, new 

localities are reported for Asperia digitata 

comb. nov. (= Yelma digitata Grey 1984), 

Pilbaria deverella Grey 1984, and Yandilla 

meekatharrensis Grey 1984 from problematic 

successions in the adjacent Glengarry Basin 

(formerly the western part of the Nabberu 

Basin), confirming correlation of these rocks 

with the base of the Earaheedy Group. Four of 

the five groups recorded, Asperia, 

Eucapsiphora, Ephyaltes and Pilbaria, are 

known from outside the Earaheedy Basin and 

their stratigraphic age is consistent with the 

probable minimum 1.65 Ga age of the 

Earaheedy Group. However, none of the 

forms has yet been recorded from outside the 

Earaheedy Group 

2009020147 

澳大利亚新南威尔士中部奥陶系一种新的 

藻类 = A new Ordovician alga from central 

New South Wales. ( 英文 ). Webby B D; 

Trotter J. Alcheringa, 1992, 16(1): 87 - 91 

A species of alga is described from the 

Upper Ordovician successions of central New 

South Wales. Based on silicified specimens, 

Goobangia pyriformis gen. et sp. nov., comes 

from the Billabong Limestone on the Parkes 

Platform and the upper part of the Regans 

47

Creek Limestone of the Molong High. It 

resembles the pear-shaped dasycladacean 

Apidium Stolley but has a circlet of from 4 to 

7 large pores on its upper surface and exhibits 

budding from one or more of these pores 

2009020148 

奥地利卡尔阿尔卑斯北部晚侏罗世钙质绿 

藻一新种 : Halimeda misiki = Halimeda 

misiki n. sp., a new calcareous green alga 

from the Late Jurassic of the Northern 

Calcaeous Alps (Austria). ( 英文 ). 

Schlagintweit F; Dragastan O; Gawlick H J. 


/ Abhandlungen, 2008, 248(2): 171-182 

New species is described from the Late 

Jurassic Plassen Carbonate Platform of 

Austria. Other occurrences are reported from 

the Western and Eastern Carpathians, 

Morocco and Sicily/Italy. Halimeda misiki is 

characterized especially by a microcrystalline 

(micritic) thallus appearence and cortical 

filaments distinctly inclined to the longitudinal 

axis. The new species was found in shallow 

water peri-reefal cabonates of platform margin 

facies and resediments in the adjacent 

hemipelagic basins. 

2009020149 

加拿大北极地区东部巴芬岛高分辨晚冰期 

和早全新世硅藻记录 = A high-resolution 

late-glacial and early Holocene diatom record 

from Baffin Island, eastern Canadian Arctic. 

( 英文 ). Wolfe A P. Canadian Journal of 

Earth Sciences, 1996, 33(6): 928–937 

An interval of late-glacial to early Holocene 

sedimentation, spanning the period 12.9 – 

8.4 ka BP ( 14 C dated by accelerator mass 

spectrometry), is contained within 15 cm of 

gyttja in a core from a small lake on 

southwestern Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin 

Island. This sediment was subsampled in 

continuous 2.5 mm increments for diatom 

analysis. Extremely low sediment 

accumulation rates (~1.8 cm ka −1 ) are 

characteristic of the initial phase of organic 

sedimentation, but they increase rapidly (to 

14.2 cm ka −1 ) after 9 ka BP. The first 0.5 cm 

of gyttja contained an acidophilous diatom 

flora resembling that of underlying mineral 

sediments. Thereafter, and throughout the late 

glacial and earliest Holocene, diatom floras 

were dominated by alkaliphilous and 

circumneutral species of Fragilaria. Around 

9 ka BP, shifts to acidophilous floras 

dominated by Brachysira brebissonii, and, 

later, Eunotia rhomboidea and Frustulia 

rhomboides vars. saxonica and crAn interval 

of late-glacial to early Holocene sedimentation, 

spanning the period 12.9 – 8.4 ka BP (14C 

dated by accelerator mass spectrometry), is 

contained within 15 cm of gyttja in a core 

from a small lake on southwestern 

Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island. This 

sediment was subsampled in continuous 

2.5 mm increments for diatom analysis. 

Extremely low sediment accumulation rates 

(~1.8 cm ka−1) are characteristic of the initial 

phase of organic sedimentation, but they 

increase rapidly (to 14.2 cm ka−1) after 9 ka 

BP. The first 0.5 cm of gyttja contained an 

acidophilous diatom flora resembling that of 

underlying mineral sediments. Thereafter, and 

throughout the late glacial and earliest 

Holocene, diatom floras were dominated by 

alkaliphilous and circumneutral species of 

Fragilaria. Around 9 ka BP, shifts to 

acidophilous floras dominated by Brachysira 

brebissonii, and, later, Eunotia rhomboidea 

and Frustulia rhomboides vars. saxonica and 

crassinervia, suggest a period of natural lake 

acidification. High diatom production 

accompanied the lowered lake-water pH, 

which reflects, respectively, the 

paleolimnological response to an early 

Holocene climatic optimum, and progressive 

depletion of lake alkalinity sources. There is 

no evidence of diatom or sediment responses 

attributable to the Younger Dryas oscillation, 

implying that deglacial reorganizations of the 

North Atlantic Ocean did not necessarily 

affect paleoclimatic conditions in the southern 

Cumberland Sound region assinervia, suggest 

a period of natural lake acidification. High 

diatom production accompanied the lowered 

lake-water pH, which reflects, respectively, 

the paleolimnological response to an early 

Holocene climatic optimum, and progressive 

depletion of lake alkalinity sources. There is 

no evidence of diatom or sediment responses 

attributable to the Younger Dryas oscillation, 

implying that deglacial reorganizations of the 

North Atlantic Ocean did not necessarily 

affect paleoclimatic conditions in the southern 

Cumberland Sound region. 

2009020150 

新生代海洋浮游生物硅藻的分异动力 = 

Diversity dynamics of marine planktonic 

diatoms across the Cenozoic. ( 英文 ). Rabosky 

D L; Sorhannus U. Nature, 2009, 457(7226): 

183-186 

48

Diatoms are the dominant group of 

phytoplankton in the modern ocean. They 

account for approximately 40% of oceanic 

primary productivity and over 50% of organic 

carbon burial in marine sediments 1 . Owing to 

their role as a biological carbon pump 2 and 

effects on atmospheric CO 2 levels 3, 4, 5 , there is 

great interest in elucidating factors that 

influenced the rapid rise in diatom diversity 

during the past 40 million years 6, 7 . Two biotic 

controls on diversification have been proposed 

to explain this diversity increase: (1) 

geochemical coupling between terrestrial 

grasslands and marine ecosystems through the 

global silicon cycle; and (2) competitive 

displacement of other phytoplankton lineages. 

However, these hypotheses have not been 

tested using sampling-standardized fossil data. 

Here we show that reconstructions of species 

diversity in marine phytoplankton reject these 

proposed controls and suggest a new pattern 

for oceanic diatom diversity across the 

Cenozoic. Peak species diversity in marine 

planktonic diatoms occurred at the Eocene– 

Oligocene boundary and was followed by a 

pronounced decline, from which diversity has 

not recovered. Although the roles of abiotic 

and biotic drivers of diversification remain 

unclear, major features of oceanic diatom 

evolution are decoupled from both grassland 

expansion and competition among 

phytoplankton groups 

2009020151 

堪察加西部海相古近纪硅藻新资料 = New 

data on diatoms from the marine Paleogene of 

Western Kamchatka. ( 英文 ). Oreshkina T V. 


Correlation, 2009, 17(3): 331-345 

Diatom assemblages from the marine 

Paleogene of Western Kamchatka (the 

Kovachina, Viventek, and Kuluven formations) 

are studied. The shallow-water neritic 

assemblage from the Kovachina Formation of 

the Pyatibratskii Cape section is tentatively 

attributed to the middle Eocene, as it is 

lacking zonal index species. A high abundance 

and great taxonomic diversity are 

characteristic of diatoms from the upper part 

of the Viventek Formation in the Kovran 

River section. The zonal index species 

Cavitatus rectus identified here among the 

diatoms suggests that the respective 

assemblage is macerated from the 

synonymous diatom zone of the middle 

Oligocene (29.6−28.2 Ma). According to its 

taxonomic composition and structure, this 

assemblage is indicative of transgression 

environments and the presumable influence of 

the middle Oligocene climatic optimum. The 

Rocella gelida (upper part) and Thalassiosira 

praefraga diatom zones of the Oligocene- 

Miocene transition are established in the 

Kuluven Formation sediments of the Mt. 

Uvuch section in Kovachina Bay. 

地衣植物苔藓植物 

2009020152 

澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚西部早更新世沉积中 

的苔藓植物 = Mosses from Early Pleistocene 

sediments in western Tasmania. ( 英文 ). 

Jordan G J; Dalton P J. Alcheringa, 1995, 

19(4): 291 - 296 

Macrofossils of six terrestrial and epiphytic 

taxa from five families of moss (Musci) occur 

in Early Pleistocene sediments at Regatta 

Point, western Tasmania. These are: 

Ptychomnion aciculare and Weymouthia 

mollis, which are clearly the same as modern 

southern Australian species; Echinodium 

hispidum and Thuidium sp., which are 

probably modern species; a species of 

Papillaria that appears to no longer occur in 

southeastern Australia; and one unidentified 

taxon. All are likely to have been species of 

wet forest or stream sides, and suggest that 

well-established rainforest occurred locally, at 

least in riparian areas. 

蕨类植物 ( 广义 ) 

2009020153 

关于晚古生代圆印木属 ( 石松纲 ) 的命名 

问题 = A Nomenclatural Note On The Late 

Palaeozoic Genus Cyclostigma 

(Lycopsida). ( 英文 ). 张静 ; 王祺 . 古生物学 

报 , 2008, 47(3): 369-376 

文章讨论晚古生代木本石松植物圆印木 

属 Cyclostigma 命名中存在的突出问题 . 包 

括 4 个方面 :1) 圆印木属的合格发表和作 

者引证 ;2) 圆印木属的异名、同名和替代 

名 ;3) 圆印木属的保留 ;4) 圆印木属的 

模式。基于相关原始文献和国际植物命名 

法规 . 文中澄清了这些命名问题。Hecr 在 

1871 年最早合格发表了 , 圆印木属 . 故该 

属应被引证为 Cyclostigma Haughton ex 

Hcer . 1871 .( 或 Cyclostigma Hcer , 

1871 ). 而不是文献中通常引证的 

Cyclostigma Haughton.1860( 或 1859)。 

圆印木属不宜归入具叶舌的窝木属 

Botkrodendron Lindlcy et Hutton.1833. 二 

者相关的生殖器官特征差别也较大。圆印 

49

木属的 3 个同名 Cyclostigma Hochst.ex 

EndL . 1842 ( 夹竹桃科 

Apocynaccac ).Cyclostigma Klotzsch ex 

Sccm,.1853 ( 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae ) 和 

Cyclostigma Phil . , 1870 ( 茄科 

Solanaceae) 住现代被子植物中已不再使 

用 .Cyclostigma Hochst.ex Endl. 被提议 

废弃 , 后两者为非法名称 . 这 3 者分别是 

更早合格发表的属名 Voacang 

Thouars . 1806 . Croton L,.1753 和 

Leptoglossi Benth.,1844 的分类学异名。 

Cyclostigma Haughton ex Heer 因住化石石松 

植物中广为使用已被提议为保留名 , 它的 

模式种为基尔托克圆印木 C kiltorkense 

Haughton ex Heer. 为晚泥盆世法门期植物 

群的重要组分或标志化石 . 具有十分重要 

的生物地层学意义。比较而言 , 圆印木属 

的替代名 Jurinodendron Doweld.2001 日后 

被普遍接受的可能性极小。保留广泛使用 

的圆印木属 Cyclostigma 有利于命名的稳定 

性 . 而且避免了不必要的重新命名。由于 

圆印木属模式种的原始标本下落不明 . 一 

份保存在爱尔兰部柏林三一学院地质博物 

馆的标本 TCD.6012( 采自模式产地 ) 被 

选为新模式。 

2009020154 

真蕨目紫萁科石化的根状茎 : 多样性和时 

空分布模式 = Permineralized rhizomes of the 

Osmundaceae (Filicales): Diversity and 

tempo-spatial distribution pattern. ( 英文 ). 

Tian Ning; Wang Yongdong; Jiang Zikun. 

Palaeoworld, 2008, 17(3/4): 183-200 

The family Osmundaceae is among the 

most primitive ferns of the Filicales, with an 

extensive fossil record dating back to the Late 

Paleozoic. Numerous fossil osmundaceous 

rhizomes have been documented in the 

geological history. However, the diversity, 

variation and distribution pattern of 

permineralized rhizomes remain poorly 

known. Here we intend to analyze the fossil 

records with regard to the diversity and 

distribution pattern of the osmundaceous 

rhizomes based on available data. To date, 

about 83 species ascribed to 14 genera of 

fossil osmundaceous rhizomes have been 

described worldwide, assigned to two 

subfamilies, namely, Thamnopteroideae and 

Osmundoideae. Geologically, two groups (i.e., 

Thamnopteroideae and Palaeosmunda) have 

been reported in the Permian. All the Triassic 

taxa are from the southern hemisphere. 

Jurassic osmundaceous rhizomes are abundant 

and widespread throughout the world, most 

dominant in the southern hemisphere. During 

the transition of Jurassic to Cretaceous, the 

diversity of osmundaceous rhizomes declined 

rapidly. In the Cretaceous, however, the 

osmundaceous rhizomes from the northern 

hemisphere surpass those from the southern 

hemisphere in generic level for the first time. 

The Cenozoic taxa diversified in the northern 

hemisphere with the rise of angiosperms. 

Geographically, the osmundaceous fossil 

rhizomes have been found in both 

hemispheres; the major localities include Ural 

area of the former USSR, Tasmania of 

Australia, southern Argentina, Antarctica, 

northern India, central and western part of 

North America and northern China. We 

discuss the origin, radiation, and development 

of the Osmundaceae based on rhizomes, to 

help further understand the systematic relation 

and evolutionary history of the family 

Osmundaceae. 

2009020155 

匈牙利里阿斯阶蕨类植物枝脉蕨属和似托 

第蕨属的系统分类意义 = Taxonomic 

implications of Liassic ferns Cladophlebis 

Brongniart and Todites Seward from Hungary. 

( 英文 ). Bodor E; Barback M. 

Palaeoworld, 2008, 17(3/4): 201-214 

Ferns are diverse and abundant in the 

Lower Liassic flora of the Mecsek Mountains 

in south Hungary. The morphogenus 

Cladophlebis Brongniart, 1849, and the genus 

Todites Seward, 1900, show a high diversity. 

In the examined material, most of the 

characteristics used in taxonomy vary, 

showing transitional forms that cast doubt on 

the separation of species established on the 

grounds of either a low number of specimens, 

a low number of features or uncharacteristic 

differences. 

2009020156 

约旦早白垩世一个新的蕨类种 ( 苹目 ) = 

A new marsilealean fern species from the 

Early Cretaceous of Jordan. ( 英文 ). Hua 

Shusheng; Taylor W D; Brenner G J; Basha S 

H. Palaeoworld, 2008, 17(3/4): 235-245 

Leaflets of Marsileaceae are described from 

the Albian (Early Cretaceous) strata of Jordan. 

The fossils are from the Jarash Formation 

(Kurnub Group) and are found in fluvial 

sediments along with water lily leaves. The 

small wedge-shaped leaves have dichotomous 

veins that anastomose and form a marginal 

vein. Based on comparisons to living genera, 

50

Marsileaceaephyllum mahisensis Hu, Taylor, 

Brenner et Basha, n. sp., is most similar to 

Marsilea, in particular, with terrestrial leaflet 

forms; yet, it is distinct from living and fossil 

species by its small size and the few 

dichotomously branched middle veins that 

have a monopodial course. In addition, a 

single similar-veined smaller leaf with a retuse 

apex is thought to be a juvenile leaf of the 

same species. This is the first megafossil 

evidence of the family from Africa/Arabian 

Peninsula 

2009020157 

南极亚历山大群岛白垩纪双叶蕨科豪斯曼 

蕨属的发现 = The occurrence of the fern 

Hausmannia Dunker (Dipteridaceae) in the 

Cretaceous of Alexander Island, Antarctica. 

( 英文 ). Cantrill D. Alcheringa, 1995, 19(3): 

243 - 254 

Hausmannia papilio Feruglio is a 

widespread component of Albian fossil floras 

on Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula. 

Hausmannia cannot be separated from extant 

Dipteris and is best regarded as a foliage form 

genus of the latter. Palaeoecological 

reconstructions suggests that Hausmannia 

papilio was a stream-side dweller and pioneer 

species. 

2009020158 

莎草蕨科 Ruffordia、Mohria、Anemia 三 

属和凤尾蕨科 Ceratopteris 属的系统发育 

和生物地理 : 来自原位和分散孢子的证据 

= Phylogeny and biogeography of Ruffordia, 

Mohria and Anemia (Schizaeaceae) and 

Ceratopteris (Pteridaceae): evidence from in 

situ and dispersed spores. ( 英文 ). Dettmann M 

E; Clifford H T. Alcheringa, 1992, 16(4): 269 

- 314 

Sporangia and in situ spores of Cretaceous- 

Tertiary fertile macrofossils allocated to 

Anemia, Pelletixia, Ruffordia, Mohriopsis, 

Schizaeopsis, Schizaeangium, and 

Schizaeopteris are compared with sporangial 

and spore types in extant Anemia and Mohria 

(Schizaeaceae), and Ceratopteris 

(Pteridaceae). Trilete, cicatricose to 

canaliculate spores characteristic of extant 

Anemia are identified in fossil Anemia 

colwellensis Chandler, Anemia fremontii 

Knowlton forma fertilis Andrews, Pelletixia 

valdensis (Seward) Watson & Hill, Pelletixia 

amelguita Skog, and Russian specimens of 

Ruffordia goeppertii (Dunker) Seward; 

smooth-walled spores occur in Anemia 

poolensis Chandler. English Ruffordia 

goeppertii have spores that are 

morphologically intermediate between those 

of extant Anemia and Ceratopteris, but 

sporangial features confirm alliance with the 

Schizaeaceae. Sporangia are unknown from 

fossil Schizaeopsis americana Berry, and its 

spores are distinct from those of extant ferns. 

Distally annulate sporangia consistent with 

those of the Schizaeaceae occur in fossil 

Schizaeangium jurassicum Bohra & Sharma, 

Schizaeopteris mesozoica Stopes & Fuji and 

Mohriopsis plastica Appert, but spore 

morphology of these taxa awaits clarification 

and/or documentation. The fossil dispersed 

spore genus Cicatricosisporites Potoni & 

Gelletich (emended herein) accommodates 

spores consistent with those of Anemia 

(Anemia mexicana- and Anemia dregeanatypes) 

and Mohria (Mohria-type). However, 

spores of the latter taxon have not been 

positively identified as fossils. 

Appendicisporites Weyland & Krieger emend. 

Burden & Hills, Plicatella Maljavkina emend. 

Burden & Hills, and Nodosisporites De k 

(emended herein) are also diagnostic of 

Anemia-type spores, representing respectively 

the Anemia oblongifolia-, Anemia raddiana-, 

and Anemia phyllitidis-types. Magnastriatites 

Germeraad, Hopping, & Muller (emended 

herein) defines dispersed spores of the 

Ceratopteris-type. Two new genera, 

Ruffordiaspora and Fisciniasporites, are 

proposed for spores comparable to those in 

English Ruffordia goeppertii and Schizaeopsis 

americana respectively. Similarities of 

Mohria, Anemia, and Ruffordia are 

emphasized in a cladistic analysis which also 

indicates that Ceratopteris is more similar to 

these taxa than to other extant Schizaeaceae. 

The fossil record implies a common place 

(northern Gondwana-southern Laurasia) and 

time (Middle Jurassic) of origin of plants that 

shed Anemia- (A. mexicana-) and Ruffordiatype 

spores. Anemia spread to, and 

differentiated in, mid-high latitudes of 

Laurasia during the Late Jurassic, and by the 

Early Cretaceous had achieved near worldwide 

distribution. Thereafter, its distribution 

range progressively contracted to its now 

limited distribution in tropical America, 

Africa, and southern India. Plants with 

Ruffordia-type spores spread into both 

hemispheres in Late Jurassic times, and were 

concentrated in mid-high latitudes during the 

Early Cretaceous; extinction occurred by the 

close of the Cretaceous. Earliest traces of 

51

Ceratopteris are from the Eocene of India, and 

by the Oligocene the genus had pantropical 

distribution as it does today. 

2009020159 

印度比哈尔拉杰马哈尔山 Chunakhal 下白 

垩统地层紫萁蕨叶 = Osmundaceous fronds 

in Lower Cretaceous beds at Chunakhal, 

Rajmahal Hills, Bihar, India. ( 英文 ). Banerji J. 

Alcheringa, 1992, 16(1): 1 - 13 

Osmundaceous remains from the 

intertrappean beds of the Rajmahal Formation 

at Chunakhal, Rajmahal Hills, Bihar, are 

referred to Todites Seward, Osmundopsis 

Harris, Phyllopteroides Medwell and 

Cacumen Cantrill & Webb. Osmundopsis, 

Cacumen and Phyllopteroides are recorded for 

the first time from India. Thinnfeldia 

chunakhalensis Sah & Sukh-Dev is transferred 

to Phyllopteroides laevis Cantrill & Webb. 

This is a significant Neocomian index species 

in eastern Australia and suggests a Neocomian 

age for this intertrappean bed at Chunakhal. 

2009020160 

将 Ashicaulis 属与修订的 Millerocaulis 属 

合并为 Millerocaulis 属的建议 = Proposal to 

emend the genus Millerocaulis Erasmus ex 

Tidwell 1986 to recombine the genera 

Ashicaulis Tidwell 1994 and Millerocaulis 

Tidwell emend. Tidwell 1994. ( 英文 ). Vera E 

I. Ameghiniana: Revista de la asociacion 


698 

Mesozoic Osmundaceae petrified sterns are 

often referred to the genera Ashicaulis Tidwell 

1994 or Millerocaulis Erasmus ex Tidwell 

emend. Tidwell 1994, depending only on the 

presence or absence of leaf gaps in the xylem 

cylinder. However, this character is 

problematic for generic distinctions, since 

some specimens (as in the living 

Osmundaceae) present or lack these structures, 

depending on the place Where the plant was 

cut. Furthermore, different authors have 

identified leaf gaps in some specimens where 

others reported the absence of these structures. 

Since this generic separation often leads to 

incomplete comparisons between the species, 

it is proposed to combine Ashicaulis Tidwell 

1994 and Millerocaulis Erasmus ex Tidwell 

emend. Tidwell 1994 in Millerocaulis 

Erasmus ex Tidwell 1986, adding the 

necessary diagnostic changes. 

2009020161 

封印木属在内蒙早二叠世原地生成的泥炭 

植物群中的发现证明其为华夏植物群成煤 

植物 = Confirmation of Sigillaria Brongniart 

as a coal-forming plant in Cathaysia: 

occurrence from an Early Permian 

autochthonous peat-forming flora in Inner 

Mongolia. ( 英文 ). Wang Jun; Feng Zhuo; 

Zhang Yi; Wang Shijun. Geological 

Journal, 2009, 44(4): 480 - 493 

A common lycopsid genus, Sigillaria 

Brongniart, has been recorded most frequently 

in peat-forming forests in Europe and North 

America, but rarely in China. Although 

Sigillaria, in China, has been found in coal 

balls and used as evidence that it was a coalforming 

element, it has never been recorded as 

compression/impressions in peat-forming 

settings. Recent investigation of an Early 

Permian autochthonous peat-forming flora of 

the Taiyuan Formation near Wuda, Inner 

Mongolia, has provided evidence that 

Sigillaria could be a major element of peatforming 

vegetation in China. Sigillaria is the 

only arborescent lycopsid acting as a major 

contributor to peat/coal formation. The genus 

Sigillaria is another element that China has in 

common with the Palaeozoic low-land floras 

of Europe and North America, enhancing the 

common floral aspects between the tropical 

swamp vegetations of the east and west 

regions of the Palaeotethys Ocean. 

早期种子植物 

2009020162 

回复 Axsmith et al. (2007) 发表在 

Ameghiniana 44 : 223-230 的文章 “ 对 ‘ 盔 

形籽目研究新方法 ’ 和北极地区的化石记 

录的评论 ” = Reply to Axsmith et al. (2007) 

paper published in Ameghiniana 44: 223-230: 

"The 'new approach to corystospermales' and 

the Antarctic fossil record: A critique". ( 英文 ). 

Artabe A E; Brea M. Ameghiniana: Revista de 

la asociacion Paleontologica Argentina, 2007, 

44(4): 739-746 

This contribution replies to the critique of 

Axsmith, Taylor and Taylor published in the 

previous number of Ameghiniana. In first 

place, it is insisted on not admitting 'as 

unequivocal evidence' the supposed 

attachment of Dicroidium odontopteroides 

leaf to the axis with short shoots reported by 

Axsmith et al. (2000) at Alfie locality, 

Antarctica. Furthermore, the present analysis 

of cupulate organs, described at same locality 

by Axsmith et al. (2000), suggests that 

Umkomasia uniramia belongs to another 

52

morphotaxon with peltasperm affinities. It is 

remarked that in Artabe and Brea's 

contribution published in Alcheringa all the 

characters present in Argentinean 

corystosperm stems were analyzed and not 

one record from Antarctica was ignored nor 

the evidence that the material provides to the 

understanding of the corystosperms. In 

addition, above mentioned Axsmith et al. 's 

paper, has opened the discussion regarding to 

the Corystospermales concept, the 

reconstructions used in phylogenetic 

approaches and the vegetative characters 

selected in cladistic analysis. The study of 

Argentinean corystosperm stems allows 

visualizing the biased use -in cladistics- of 

discriminative vegetative characters in 

Medullosales, Cycadales and 

Corystospermales. As it happens with 

Medullosales and Cycadales, 

Corystospermales should include two end 

members corresponding to the reconstructions 

proposed for Antarctica and Argentina. 

2009020163 

种子蕨属 Ptilozamites 的系统分类和古地 

理并兼评 Anomozamites, Dicroidium, 

Pseudoctenis 和 Ctenozamites 各属 = 

Taxonomical and palaeogeographic 

considerations on the seedfern genus 

Ptilozamites with some comments on 

Anomozamites, Dicroidium, Pseudoctenis and 

Ctenozamites. ( 英文 ). Kustatscher E; Van 

Konijnenburg-Van Cittert J H A. Neues 


Abhandlungen, 2007, 243(1): 71-100 

A detailed study of the original material of 

the genus Ptilozamites was undertaken, both 

using macromorphology and epidermal 

anatomy. The 9 species present in the original 

collection have been reduced to three species 

(P. blasii, P. oldhamii, P. triangularis ). 

Moreover, the new combination 

Ptilozamites sandbergeri nov. comb. was 

made together with an emended diagnosis. 

Also some other species, sometimes attributed 

to Ptilozamites, are discussed and their 

attributions to other genera such as 

Dicroidium and Ctenozamites. 

2009020164 

印度晚二叠世繁殖器官属 Umkomasia 的首 

次报道及其生物地层学意义 = First report of 

the fertile plant genus Umkomasia from late 

Permian beds in India and its biostratigraphic 

significance. ( 英文 ). Chandra S; Singh K J; 

Jha N. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(4): 817 - 826 

The genus Umkomasia Thomas, a female 

fructification of Dicroidium, is reported from 

Late Permian beds exposed in the Behra 

Rivulet near the village of Karaonda in the 

Tatapani-Ramkola Coalfield, Chhattisgarh, 

India. This is the first record of this genus 

from the Late Permian, and from Indian 

Gondwana. Two species have been recognized: 

Umkomasia polycarpa Holmes and U. 

uniramia Axsmith, Taylor, Taylor and Cuneo. 

The find suggests that the genus Dicroidium 

appeared in the Late Permian before reaching 

its acme in the Middle–Upper Triassic. 

2009020165 

泥盆纪分散和原位 Rhabdosporites langii 

孢子的微形态特征 : 前裸子植物演化亲缘 

的证据 = Ultrastructure of dispersed and in 

situ specimens of the Devonian spore 

Rhabdosporites langii: evidence for the 

evolutionary relationships of progymnosperms. 

( 英文 ). Wellman C H. Palaeontology, 2009, 

52(1): 139-167 

The spore Rhabdosporites (Triletes) langii 

(Eisenack) Richardson, 1960 is abundant and 

well preserved in Middle Devonian (Eifelian) 

'Middle Old Red Sandstone' deposits from the 

Orcadian Basin, Scotland. Here it occurs as 

dispersed individual spores and in situ in 

isolated sporangia. This paper reports on a 

detailed light microscope (LM), scanning 

electron microscope (SEM) and transmission 

electron microscope (TEM) analysis of both 

dispersed and in situ spores. The dispersed 

spores are pseudosaccate with a thick walled 

inner body enclosed within an outer layer that 

was originally attached only over the proximal 

face. The inner body has lamellate/laminate 

ultrastructure consisting of fine lamellae that 

are continuous around the spore and parallel 

stacked. Towards the outer part of the inner 

body these group to form thicker laminate 

structures that are also continuous and parallel 

stacked. The outer layer has spongy 

ultrastructure. In situ spores preserved in the 

isolated sporangia are identical to the 

dispersed forms in terms of morphology, gross 

structure and wall ultrastructure. The 

sporangium wall is two-layered. A thick 

coalified outer layer is cellular and represents 

the main sporangium wall. This layer is 

readily lost if oxidation is applied during 

processing. A thin inner layer is interpreted as 

a peritapetal membrane. This layer survives 

oxidation as a tightly adherent membranous 

53

covering of the spore mass. Ultrastructurally it 

consists of three layers, with the innermost 

layer composed of material similar to that 

comprising the outer layer of the spores. 

Based on the new LM, SEM and TEM 

information, consideration is given to spore 

wall formation. The inner body of the spores 

is interpreted as developing by centripetal 

accumulation of lamellae at the plasma 

membrane. The outer layer is interpreted as 

forming by accretion of sporopollenin units 

derived from a tapetum. The inner layer of the 

sporangium wall is considered to represent a 

peritapetal membrane formed from the 

remnants of this tapetum. The spore R. langii 

derives from aneurophytalean 

progymnosperms. In light of the new evidence 

on spore/sporangium characters, and 

hypotheses of spore wall development based 

on interpretation of these, the evolutionary 

relationships of the progymnosperms are 

considered in terms of their origins and 

relationship to the seed plants. It is concluded 

that there is a smooth evolutionary transition 

between Apiculiretusispora-type spores of 

certain basal euphyllophytes, Rhabdosporitestype 

spores of aneurophytalean 

progymnosperms and Geminospora- 

/Contagisporites-type spores of heterosporous 

archaeopteridalean progymnosperms. 

Prepollen of basal seed plants (hydrasperman, 

medullosan and callistophytalean 

pteridosperms) are easily derived from the 

spores of either homosporous or heterosporous 

progymnosperms. The proposed evolutionary 

transition was sequential with increasing 

complexity of the spore/pollen wall probably 

reflecting increasing sophistication of 

reproductive strategy. The pollen wall of 

crown group seed plants appears to 

incorporate a completely new developmental 

mechanism: tectum and infratectum initiation 

within a glycocalyx-like Microspore Surface 

Coat. It is unclear when this feature evolved, 

but it appears likely that it was not present in 

the most basal stem group seed plants. 

2009020166 

西澳大利亚和昆士兰二叠纪 Bergiopteris 

属和舌羊齿繁殖器官的新纪录 = New 

records of Bergiopteris and glossopterid 

fructifications from the Permian of Western 

Australia and Queensland. ( 英文 ). 

McLoughlin S. Alcheringa, 1995, 19(3): 175 - 

192 

Bergiopteris sp. cf. B. archangelskyi Rigby 

1991 foliage is identified for the first time 

from late Early or early Late Permian strata of 

the Wagina Sandstone, Perth Basin, Western 

Australia. The pinnate frond impressions 

represent the youngest examples of this 

Gondwanan genus yet found. Bergiopteris sp. 

cf. B. archangelskyi has been previously 

recorded from the Sakmarian Nychum 

Volcanics, Queensland, and comparable forms 

occur in the roughly coeval Nueva Lubecka 

Formation, Argentina. Its extended 

stratigraphic range suggests caution should be 

applied to its use as a biostratigraphic marker. 

Ottokaria bullatus sp. nov. and Arberia 

woolagaensis sp. nov., described from the 

Irwin River Coal Measures (Artinskian), Perth 

Basin, constitute the earliest Australian 

records of these genera and represent the first 

ovulate glossopterid fructifications identified 

from the Western Australian Permian. 

Reassessment of the morphology and generic 

relationships of Rigbya ranunculoides 

Melville 1983 comb. nov. supports its 

interpretation as a dorsiventral ovulate 

glossopterid fructification based on new 

material from Late Permian strata of the 

Bowen Basin, Queensland. Assessment of the 

stratigraphic ranges of known Gondwanan 

Arberia and Rigbya fructifications highlights 

their potential application to the recognition of 

Early and Late Permian strata respectively. 

2009020167 

上二叠统 Bletterbach 峡谷 Peltaspermum 

martinsii 的气孔指数及其作为 CO2 指标的 

可行性 = Stomatal indices of Peltaspermum 

martinsii 

(Pteridospermopsida, 

Peltaspermaceae) from the Upper Permian 

Bletterbach gorge and their possible 

applicability as CO2 proxies. ( 英文 ). Vording 

B; Kerp H. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. 


245-255 

Stomatal parameters (stomatal density and 

stomatal index) of fossil cuticles have often 

been used as proxy indicators for the 

palaeoatmospheric CO2 concentration, not 

only for the Cenozoic, but also for the 

Mesozoic and Palaeozoic. Especially, the 

cuticles of cycads, ginkgos, conifers and 

pteridosperms have frequently been used. 

裸子植物 

2009020168 

澳大利亚上三叠统喀尼阶的 Bennettitalean 

叶片表皮被昆虫卵子破坏的化石 = Fossil 

insect eggs and ovipositional damage on 

54

Bennettitalean leaf Cuticles from the Carnian 

(Upper Triassic) of Austria. ( 英文 ). Pott C; 

Labandeira C C; Krings M; Kerp H. Journal 

of Paleontology, 2008, 82(4): 778-789 4 图版 . 

Two types of evidence for insect 

ovipositional activity (i.e., actual egg chorions 

and ovipositional damage) occur on 

Nilssoniopteris (bennettitalean foliage) leaf 

cuticles from the Carnian of Austria and 

provide a rare direct insight into insect egg 

morphology and oviposition in the Late 

Triassic. The egg chorions have exclusively 

been found on N. haidingeri leaves, where 

they are attached to the outer surface of the 

abaxial cuticle; one specimen suggests that the 

eggs were arranged in circles. It is impossible 

at present to determine the affinities of the 

eggs; possible producers may be beetles, 

dragonflies, sawflies, or other allied basal 

Hymenoptera. Ovipositional damage occurs 

on N. angustior leaves in the form of 

lenticular egg impressions surrounded by a 

narrow, elevated margin. The impressions are 

visible on the ad- and abaxial cuticle, and 

coincide when both cuticles are superimposed, 

which indicates that the eggs producing these 

impressions were injected into the interior of 

the leaf. Producers of eggs that may have 

caused these damages are perhaps dragonflies 

or damselflies. The restricted occurrence of 

the two types of ovipositional activity 

suggests that some kind of host specificity 

existed, perhaps related to specific preferences 

in larval diet. 

2009020169 

伊比利亚半岛银杏属的首个大化石记录 = 

The first macrofossil record of Ginkgo from 

the Iberian Peninsula. ( 英文 ). Hably L; Teresa 

M; Marron F. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. 


65-70 

This occurrence assigned to of Ginkgo 

akiantoides is also confirmed by cuticular 

structure of adaxial leaf side. Tsuga, Torreya, 

Buxus, Zelkova, Quercus, Acer, Populus are 

also present in the fossil plant assemblage 

indicating a similar character of the Late 

Miocene-Early Pliocene flora distributed in 

Europe. The fossil leaf of Ginkgo is not only 

first for the Iberian Peninsula, but also the 

most western record of the genus in the 

European Neogene. Based on its 

macromorphological traits and cuticular 

structure, the fossil leaf does not differ from 

other occurrences of G. adiantoides, and 

confirms the therory that only one species of 

Ginkgo existed in Europe during the Neogene 

2009020170 

新西兰南洋杉科大化石的记录 = The record 

of Araucariaceae macrofossils in New Zealand. 

( 英文 ). Pole M. Alcheringa, 2008, 32(4): 405- 

426 

The Araucariaceae have a long record in 

New Zealand, extending back to the Jurassic 

at least, and Araucaria extends back to at least 

the Late Cretaceous. This paper reviews the 

macrofossil record of the family and presents 

new information based largely on the leaf 

cuticle record. Agathis, which is the only 

genus of the family currently growing in New 

Zealand, has no record before the Cenozoic. 

All specimens previously identified from pre- 

Cenozoic strata clearly belong to other taxa or 

do not show characteristic features of the 

genus. Araucariaceae macrofossils are 

virtually ubiquitous in the Cretaceous 

assemblages of New Zealand but are 

conspicuous by their absence or rarity in 

Palaeocene deposits. Their demise may be an 

expression of events at the Cretaceous- 

Palaeogene boundary 

2009020171 

中国中生代本内苏铁目耳羽叶属的多样性 

变化和时空分布 = Diversity variation and 

tempo-spatial distribution of Otozamites 

(Bennettitales) in the Mesozoic of China. ( 英 

文 ). Wang Yongdong; Ni Qing; Jiang Zikun 

Jiang; Tian Ning. Palaeoworld, 2008, 17(3/4): 

222-234 

Otozamites is a representative fossil leaf 

morphogenus of the extinct Bennettitales, with 

an extensive distribution during the Mesozoic, 

especially in China. Understanding the fossil 

diversity variation and distribution pattern of 

Otozamites in China will provide information 

on biodiversity of bennettitalean plants as well 

as for reconstruction of palaeogeography and 

palaeoclimate conditions during the Mesozoic. 

So far, 46 species of this genus have been 

described in China, excluding unspecified 

species. The results show that the fossils of 

Otozamites are extensively recorded in the 

Late Triassic, and then reach their maximum 

development in the Early Jurassic, followed 

by a reduction in diversity in the Middle and 

Late Jurassic, and finally become extinct at 

the end of Early Cretaceous. Geographically, 

they occur in both Northern and Southern 

Floristic Provinces in the Mesozoic of China, 

with a relatively higher abundance in the 

55

Southern Floristic Province. It implies that the 

diversity variation and distribution of 

Otozamites are closely related to the change of 

the palaeoclimatic conditions. The warm and 

humid climate prevailed in the Late Triassic 

and Early Jurassic in South China, propitious 

to the development of Otozamites. After the 

Middle Jurassic, dry and hot climate may have 

caused the lower diversity level and blocked 

the development of Otozamites; finally at the 

end of the Early Cretaceous, the frequent arid 

climate may be a major cause for the 

extinction of Otozamites. 

2009020172 

澳大利亚和新西兰中生代 Palissya 球果 = 

Palissya cones from the Mesozoic of Australia 

and New Zealand. ( 英文 ). Parris K M; 

Drinnan A N; Cantrill D J. Alcheringa, 1995, 

19(2): 87 - 111 

Cones from the Early Cretaceous of 

southeastern Victoria, and Middle Jurassic of 

southeastern Queensland are described and 

illustrated. They are compared with Palissya 

bartrumi from the Jurassic of New Zealand 

and the Palissya type material, P. sphenolepis, 

from the Liassic of Sweden and Germany. 

Cones from Australia and New Zealand share 

the same basic structure. They are composed 

of stalked sporophylls arranged helically on a 

central axis, with paired, cup-shaped processes 

attached adaxially to the sporophyll blade. 

These processes surround indentations in the 

sporophyll surface that are probably the sites 

where seeds were once attached. 

Morphological differences, the number of 

adaxial processes per sporophyll, and 

geographical and chronological separation, are 

the basis for describing the Victorian and 

Queensland specimens as several new species 

2009020173 

加拿大温哥华岛苹果湾下白垩统松柏类植 

物 : 似云杉的叶化石新属种 

Midoriphyllum piceoides ( 松科 ) = Lower 

Cretaceous conifers from Apple Bay, 

Vancouver Island: Picea-like leaves, 

Midoriphyllum piceoides gen. et sp. nov. 

(Pinaceae). ( 英文 ). Stockey R A; Wiebe N J P. 

Canadian Journal of Botany, 2008, 86(7): 

649–657 

A diverse assemblage of fossil conifer 

leaves was identified in calcareous marine 

concretions from the Lower Cretaceous 

(Valanginian – Hauterivian) Apple Bay 

locality, Vancouver Island. Of the hundreds of 

isolated leaf fragments, most show affinities to 

Pinaceae. Leaves with closest similarities to 

Picea (spruce) were studied using cellulose 

acetate peels. Picea-like leaves vary in crosssection 

from rhomboidal, pentagonal, 

triangular, to ovoid. One fused vascular 

bundle with a centrally located ray and abaxial 

sclerenchyma is surrounded by a circular 

endodermis and transfusion tissue. Mesophyll 

is plicate containing two lateral external resin 

canals surrounded by a sclerenchyma sheath. 

Hypodermal fibres are one to three layers 

thick, except in areas of stomata. Leaves are 

amphistomatic, with sunken guard cells. 

Vascular bundles are identical anatomically to 

Picea; however, plicate mesophyll is similar 

to that in leaves of Pinus. Extensive 

sclerenchyma in the hypodermis and 

surrounding resin canals differs from that in 

most extant Picea. The major difference 

between these leaves and those of Picea is leaf 

shape. These fossil leaves probably belong to 

an extinct pinaceous conifer, and are described 

as Midoriphyllum piceoides gen. et sp. nov. 

Similar evidence from Cretaceous seed cones 

suggests that like the angiosperms, the 

Pinaceae were undergoing rapid mosaic 

evolution during the Lower Cretaceous 

2009020174 

新西兰 Foulden 山中新世宽叶的罗汉松属 

= Miocene broad-leaved Podocarpus from 

Foulden Hills, New Zealand. ( 英文 ). Pole M. 

Alcheringa, 1993, 17(3): 173 - 177 

A new species of Podocarpaceae is 

described from the Miocene diatomite in the 

Foulden Hills, near Dunedin, New Zealand. 

Podocarpus travisiae sp. nov. is the first 

record of broad-leaved Podocarpus from New 

Zealand. 

2009020175 

化石银杏目的综述 = An overview of fossil 

Ginkgoales. ( 英文 ). Zhou Zhiyan. 

Palaeoworld, 2009, 18(1): 1-22 

Neither direct fossil evidence nor consensus 

exists on the origin of the Ginkgoales and 

their phylogenetic relationships with other 

seed plants. The bases for assigning most 

Palaeozoic leaf fossils to Ginkgoales are 

shaky. There are eight morphogenera 

considered more or less well defined and 

useful for classifying Mesozoic leaf and shoot 

compressions/impressions, and only two or 

three morphotaxa of anatomically preserved 

wood fossils have generally been used. About 

nine genera of ovulate organs, however, have 

56

een reported in the Mesozoic. Whole plant 

reconstructions suggested for a number of 

well-preserved ginkgoalean plants are 

enumerated. Their associated (or connected) 

organs, and their occurrences and distributions 

are cited in detail. There are three or four 

major evolutionary lineages so far recognized 

among Mesozoic Ginkgoales: the Ginkgo- 

Grenana-Nehvizdyella lineage, the Karkenia 

lineage, the Yimaia-Toretzia/Umaltolepis 

lineage and perhaps the Schmeissneria lineage. 

Ginkgoales may be classified into five to six 

families, with a number of accessory 

morphotaxa and unclassified taxa. The general 

evolutionary trend among ginkgoaleans is 

reduction of both vegetative and reproductive 

organs. The reduction trend is seen clearly in 

the genus Ginkgo and roughly recapitulated in 

the developmental sequences of the living 

species. A similar reduction sequence runs in 

parallel in other lineages of Ginkgoales. 

Ginkgoales flourished during Jurassic and 

Early Cretaceous, but a significant radiation of 

the group had occurred already in Late 

Triassic when Ginkgoales were present in 

high taxonomic diversity and showed 

considerable morphological innovation. 

Geographically, Ginkgoales are mainly 

distributed in Laurasia and probably 

originated there. The earliest records are from 

Laurasia as is the relict living fossil. 

Ginkgoales may have lived in various climates 

and diverse habitats, although most flourished 

in mesic and temperate climates, and the Late 

Cretaceous and Cenozoic ginkgos were 

largely confined to riparian environments. 

Advances in micro- and ultrastructure studies 

and chemical investigations on the cuticle and 

megaspore membrane of ginkgoalean fossils 

are also summarized. Further studies in these 

fields may provide useful information on the 

ecology and palaeoclimatology of Ginkgoales 

as well as their taxonomy. 

2009020176 

烟叶大羽羊齿 Gigantopteris nicotianaefolia 

Schenk 的时空分布和相关地层的对比 = 

Temporal And Spatial Distribution Of 

Gigantopteris Nicotianaefolia Schenk And 

Correlation Of Related Formations. ( 中文 ). 刘 

陆军 ; 姚兆奇 . 古生物学报 , 2009, 48(1): 31- 

39 

烟叶大羽羊齿 Gigantopteris 

nicotianaefolia Schenk 是地质和古生物工作 

者熟知的植物化石。由于 Halle(1927) 曾 

将单网羊齿的种误归并于这一种内 , 致使 

它一度成为广见于华夏古植物区二叠纪陆 

相地层的植物化石。后来的研究表明 

( Guand Zhi , 1974 ; 姚兆奇 ,1983 ; 

Glasspool et al.,2004), 除了河南平顶 

山的可疑标本外 (Sze,1954), 此种可作 

为华南冷坞期的标志性植物。最新资料证 

实 ( 杨关秀等 ,2006), 产自河南禹州和 

临汝上石盒子组 ( 云盖山组 ) 的标本完全 

显示了 G.nicotianaefolia 的特征 , 说明了 

这个种在华北的存在 , 从而扩大了这种植 

物的分布区。根据烟叶大羽羊齿的时空分 

布规律 , 文章认为河南的上石盒子组完全 

可与江苏龙潭组和江西乐平组老山段下亚 

段的含煤层位对比 , 时代应属瓜德鲁普世 

冷坞期 (Capitanian)。文中较详细阐述将 

河南上石盒子组的时代定为冷坞期而不是 

晚二叠世早期 ( 吴家坪期 ) 的观点 , 并引 

证磁性地层方面证据 , 支持这一结论。 

被子植物 

2009020177 

阿根廷上白垩统一个新的棕榈茎干化石 = 

A new palm trunk from the Upper Cretaceous 

of Argentina. ( 英文 ). Ottone E G. 



725 

A new morphospecies of palm trunk, 

Palmoxylon pichaihuensis sp. nov., is 

proposed on the basis of several specimens 

recovered from a succession of tuffs and 

breccias at Pichaihue, Neuquen Province, 

Argentina. The specimens comprise 

atactosteles that display densely crowded 

fibrovascular bundles in the peripheral zone, 

and less congested fibrovascular bundles, 

randomly scattered or arranged in irregular 

circles in the central zone; sclerenchyma 

reniform; xylem with 1-4 large metaxylem 

vessels and 6-12 smaller protoxylem elements 

in the central zone, and an f/v ratio of 1.3-2:1. 

The Pichaihue fossil assemblage is similar to, 

and probably coeval with the flora of Bajo de 

Santa Rosa, Rio Negro Province, reflecting a 

warm and relatively humid climate, at ca. 40- 

45 degrees S, in southern South America 

during the Late Cretaceous. 

2009020178 

阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚早古新世含羞草亚科化 

石木 = Fossil wood of the Mimosoideae from 

the early Paleocene of Patagonia, Argentina. 

( 英文 ). Brea M;ZamunerA B; Matheos S D; 

Iglesias A. Alcheringa, 2008, 32(4): 427-441 

57

An anatomically preserved mature stem 

from the Salamanca Formation (early 

Paleocene) at Palacio de Los Loros, central 

Patagonia, Argentina, is described and 

assigned to Paracacioxylon frenguellii sp. nov. 

The material was preserved by siliceous 

permineralization and shows features of the 

secondary xylem typical of subfamily 

Mimosoideae. This species represents the 

oldest record of the genus and of the 

Leguminosae along the western border of 

Gondwana, and is the world's second oldest 

record of Leguminosae wood. The species is 

characterized by ring-porous to semi-ringporous 

vessels that are solitary, in multiples of 

2-4 and clustered, simple perforation plates, 

alternate and vestured inter-vessel pitting, 

homocellular 1-6 seriate rays, tyloses, crystals 

and diffuse apotracheal, vasicentric 

paratracheal and confluent axial parenchyma. 

Paracacioxylon frenguellii has anatomical 

similarities to Acacia Miller. The presence of 

Paracacioxylon frenguellii associated with 

pulvinate leaves suggests that the legumes 

might have been a component of mesothermal 

forests developed along the western margin of 

the Golfo San Jorge Basin during the early 

Paleocene 

2009020179 

中国东北部早期被子植物研究近期进展的 

综述 = A review of recent advances in the 

study of early angiosperms from northeastern 

China. ( 英文 ). Sun Ge; Dilcher D L; Zheng 

Shaolin. Palaeoworld, 2008, 17(3/4): 166-171 

The last 10 years (1998–2007) were very 

productive and important in the study of early 

angiosperms in northeastern China. The new 

discoveries of the earliest well-documented 

records of angiosperms such as Archaefructus, 

as well as Hyrcantha decussata (= Sinocarpus 

decussatus), provided fresh knowledge for 

better understanding the primitive characters 

of the ancient angiosperms and also their 

aquatic (or wet) habitat and their herbaceous 

nature. Some new approaches such as the 

combination of molecular and morphological 

characters joined together to place 

Archaefructus in the angiosperm phylogenetic 

framework. These fossils demonstrate that we 

should expect more ancient angiosperms to be 

found in the pre-Cretaceous which will 

continue to add important new understanding 

to the nature of the origin and evolution of the 

angiosperms. 

2009020180 

美国堪萨斯白垩纪达科他组与悬铃木科有 

亲缘关系的中型化石 = Mesofossils with 

platanaceous affinity from the Dakota 

Formation (Cretaceous) in Kansas, USA. ( 英 

文 ). Wang Xin. Palaeoworld, 2008, 17(3/4): 

246-252 

The Platanaceae holds a basal position in 

the phylogeny of eudicots and therefore is of 

great interest to angiosperm systematists. The 

fossil record of the family is found in strata 

ranging from the Cretaceous to Recent in 

America, Europe and Asia. The research on 

the Platanaceae in the Dakota Formation can 

be traced back to 19th century; however, 

mesofossils of reproductive organs of the 

Platanaceae were never reported in the 

Midwest of North America before. This paper 

reports several specimens of Friisicarpus 

(Platanaceae) from the Dakota Formation in 

Kansas, USA. It complements the existing 

fossil records, and provides more information 

on reproductive biology of the family. The 

comparison with similar fossils from eastern 

North America and Europe provides some 

hints on biostratigraphy of the Cretaceous. 

2009020181 

新西兰中 - 晚中新世 Dunedin 火山岩群假山 

毛榉属 = Nothofagus from the Dunedin 

Volcanic Group (Mid — Late Miocene), New 

Zealand. ( 英文 ). Pole M. Alcheringa, 1993, 

17(1`): 77 - 90 

Two species of Nothofagus macrofossils, 

Nothofagus novaezealandiae and N. pinnata, 

are redescribed from sediments of late Middle 

Miocene to early Late Miocene age of the 

Dunedin Volcanic Province, New Zealand. 

Examination of leaf architecture and cuticular 

morphology places N. novaezealandiae in the 

subgenus Lophozonia (producing menziesiitype 

pollen), and indicates it was evergreen. N. 

pinnata was probably also in the subgenus 

Lophozonia 

2009020182 

黑龙江嘉荫晚白垩世水生被子植物 = Late 

Cretaceous Aquatic Angiosperms from Jiayin, 

Heilongjiang, Northeast China. ( 英文 ). Quan 

Cheng; Sun Ge. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2008, 

82(6): 1133-1140 

Three taxa of Late Cretaceous aquatic 

angiosperms, Queruexia angulata (Lesq.) 

Krysht., Cobbania corrugata ( Lesq. ) 

Stockey et al. and Nelumbites cf. extenuinervis 

Upchurch et al. from Jiayin of Heilongjiang, 

NE China, are described in detail. Among 

58

them, Cobbania and Nelumbites from the 

Upper Cretaceous in China are reported for 

the first time. The aquatic angiosperm 

assemblage of Queruexia-Cobbania- 

Nelumbites appears to imply a seasonal, warm 

and moist environment in the Jiayin area 

during the Santonian-Campanian time. 

2009020183 

加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚麦卡阿比始新世神 

秘的花 = The Eocene mystery flower of 

McAbee, British Columbia. ( 英文 ). 

Manchester S R; Pigg K B. Canadian Journal 

of Botany, 2008, 86(9): 1034–1038 

A distinctive, extinct type of flower and 

fruit is described based on coalified 

compression and impression fossils from the 

Eocene lake bed deposits of McAbee, British 

Columbia. Dillhoffia cachensis gen. et 

sp. nov. has an elongate-ellipsoidal fruit with 

an epigynous, completely connate funnelform 

calyx 1.8 – 2.9 cm in diameter, with an 

unlobed, orbicular margin. The fruit narrows 

apically into a single style divided into four 

slightly recurved stigmatic arms. Fruits are 

pedicellate, borne in globose heads. Stamens, 

pollen, and internal fruit morphology remain 

unknown, but the available details of 

gynoecial and perianth morphology present a 

suite of characters not encountered in any 

known extant genus, and the familial affinities 

remain uncertain. This is noteworthy, because 

many other elements of the same Eocene flora 

represent extant genera with clear familial 

assignments such as Cunninghamia, Ginkgo, 

Aesculus, Alnus, Betula, Dipteronia, Fagus, 

Trochodendron, and Ulmus. 

古无脊椎动物学 

综论 

2009020184 

Rhodes( 希腊 ) 上新世 - 渐新世沉积中钙质 

微化石 , 介形类 , 和有孔虫生物地层学及 

与 Vrica ( 意大利 ) 剖面的对比 = 

Calcareous nannofossil, ostracode and 

foraminifera biostratigraphy of Plio- 

Pleistocene deposits, Rhodes (Greece), with a 

correlation to the Vrica section (Italy). ( 英文 ). 

Thomsen E; Rasmussen T L; Hastrup A. 

Journal of Micropalaeontology, 2001, 20(part 

2): 143-154 

The Kalithea Bay section is situated on the 

southeastern coast of the island of Rhodes. 

The section comprises a sedimentary sequence 

ranging from brackish water gravel and 

nearshore sand to deep-water clay. The 

brackish water and nearshore deposits are 

assigned to the Kritika Formation, while the 

deep-water deposits are assigned to the Lindos 

Bay clay. Calcareous nannofossil 

biostratigraphy shows that the age of the 

marine sequence is Early Pleistocene. The 

brackish water sediments cannot be dated with 

any degree of certainty. The marine deposits 

are rich in ostracodes and foraminifera and 

several species, have been recognized, which 

previously have been used as biostratigraphic 

markers in the Plio-Pleistocene deposits of 

Rhodes. Biostratigraphic correlation between 

the Kalithea Bay section and the Plio- 

Pleistocene boundary stratotype at Vrica, 

southern Italy, shows that the ostracodes and 

foraminifera events generally are diachronous 

relative to the calcareous nannofossil events. 

The only exception is the first occurrence of 

the benthic foraminifera Hyalinea balthica. As 

calcareous nannofossil events are thought to 

be virtually synchronous within the 

Mediterranean region, it is concluded that the 

diachroneity is due to a relative delay in the 

appearance of ostracodes and foraminifera at 

Kalithea, caused by differences in the 

palaeobathymetric settings between the two 

sites. 

2009020185 

热带美国新近纪的 Cupuladriidae 科 II— 巴 

拿马海峡对岸现生 Discoporella 的系统学 = 

Neogene Cupuladriidae of Tropical America. 

II: Taxonomy of Recent Discoporella from 

opposite sides of the Isthmus of Panama. ( 英 

文 ). Herrera-Cubilla A; Dick M H; Sanner J; 

Jackson J B C. Journal of Paleontology, 2008, 

82(2): 279-298 15 图版 . 

We used up to 30 morphological characters 

to discriminate and describe species of the 

genus Discoporella based on complete colony 

specimens collected from both coasts of the 

Isthmus of Panama. The characters included 

zooidal characters and colony-level characters 

such as colony size and basal granule density. 

Species were classified by a series of 

multivariate cluster and linear discriminant 

analyses until the majority of specimens were 

assigned to their putative species with high 

confidence. In the first phase of the analyses, 

the colonies were grouped by ocean 

(Caribbean versus eastern Pacific), 

discriminated predominantly by colony size 

and basal granule density, characters that 

might reflect ecophenotypic responses to 

different conditions in primary productivity 

59

and predation between the two oceans. Further 

analyses of these two groups separately 

resulted in the discrimination of seven species. 

Five new species from the Caribbean (D. 

scutella, D. peltifera, D. bocasdeltoroensis, D. 

terminata and D. triangula), and two from the 

eastern Pacific (D. marcusorum and D. 

cookae). Of these, D. cookae had been 

identified previously as D. umbellata, a 

species once considered cosmopolitan, with a 

range spanning the Caribbean and eastern 

Pacific coasts of America. With the exception 

of one genetically defined clade represented 

by only two specimens, the correspondence of 

classification between groups discriminated 

morphometrically by separate step-wise 

multivariate analyses and those detected by a 

previous genetic analysis, ranged from 91% to 

100%. In analyses of all specimens combined 

or separated by ocean, but using the total 

number of characters, 20% to 30% of the 

specimens could not be distinguished 

morphometrically from extremely similar 

sympatric species or cognate ("geminate") 

species from the opposite ocean. Diversity 

was higher in the Caribbean compared to the 

eastern Pacific, which reflects a similar pattern 

recently described for the genus Cupuladria 

from the same region. 

2009020186 

纽芬兰 Mistaken Point 组合中一个多枝艾 

迪卡拉纪的山脉形动物群的生长和生态 = 

Growth and Ecology of a Multi-branched 

Ediacaran Rangeomorph from the Mistaken 

Point Assemblage, Newfoundland. ( 英文 ). 

Bamforth E L; Narbonne G M; Anderson M 

M. Journal of Paleontology, 2008, 82(4): 763- 

777 6 图版 . 

Pectinifrons abyssalis new genus and species 

is an early Ediacaran (ca. 565 Ma) 

rangeomorph from the Avalon Peninsula of 

Newfoundland. It is known from more than 

200 specimens from the Mistaken Point and 

Trepassey formations, and is typically 

preserved as a comb-shaped ridge on the top 

of mudstone beds beneath volcanic ashfall 

tuffs. Morphologic and taphonomic features 

suggest that the living organism consisted of 

two parallel series of soft rangeomorph fronds, 

alternately branching in an opposite 

arrangement from an elongate, tubular pedicle 

rod. The pedicle rod and the struts that 

represent the central stalks of the fronds were 

originally composed of resistant material that 

did not decompose until after lithification of 

the overlying ash bed. The fronds themselves 

were originally composed of a soft, nonresistant 

material that readily degraded, 

resulting in their extremely rare preservation 

as impressions on the bedding surface. 

Biometric analysis implies that Pectinifrons 

grew primarily by strut/frond addition, with 

later inflation of these elements. Pectinifrons 

is one of the first rangeomorph taxa to display 

evidence of possible age cohorts comparable 

to those observed in modern macrobenthic 

organisms. 

2009020187 

新 Brunswick 地区阿瓦隆大陆边缘台地的 

动物群和寒武纪的火山作用 = Faunas and 

Cambrian Volcanism on the Avalonian 

Marginal Platform, Southern New Brunswick. 

( 英文 ). Landing E; Johnson S C; Geyer G. 

Journal of Paleontology, 2008, 82(5): 884- 

905 6 图版 . 

The Cambrian inlier at Beaver Harbour, 

southern New Brunswick, is now confidently 

referred to the marginal platform of the late 

Proterozoic – Early Paleozoic Avalon 

microcontinent. The sub-trilobitic Lower 

Cambrian Chapel Island and Random 

Formations are unconformably overlain by the 

mafic volcanic-dominated Wade's Lane 

Formation (new). Late Early Cambrian 

trilobites and small shelly taxa in the lowest 

Wade's Lane demonstrate a long Random– 

Wade's Lane hiatus (middle Terreneuvian– 

early Branchian). Latest Early – middle 

Middle Cambrian pyroclastic volcanism 

produced a volcanic edifice at Beaver Harbour 

that is one of three known volcanic centers 

that extended 550 km along the northwest 

margin of Avalon. Middle Middle Cambrian 

sea-level rise, probably in the Paradoxides 

eteminicus Chron, mantled the extinct 

volcanics with gray-green mudstone and 

limestone of the Fossil Brook Member. Black, 

dysoxic mudstone of the upper Manuels River 

Formation (upper Middle Cambrian, P. 

davidis Zone) is the youngest Cambrian unit 

in the Beaver Harbour inlier. Lapworthella 

cornu (Wiman, 1903) emend., a senior 

synonym of the genotype L. nigra (Cobbold, 

1921), Hyolithellus sinuosus Cobbold, 1921, 

and probably Acrothyra sera Matthew, 1902a, 

range through the ca. 8 m.y. of the trilobitebearing 

upper Lower Cambrian, and H. 

sinuosus and A. sera persist into the middle 

Middle Cambrian. Lapworthella cornu and H. 

sinuosus replaced the tropical taxa L. 

60

schodackensis (Lochman, 1956) and H. 

micans Billings, 1872, in cool-water Avalon. 

2009020188 

2007 年库希曼奖获得者 : 关于 Louisette 

Zaninetti 的引用 = 2007 Cushman award 

winner: citation for Louisette Zaninetti. ( 英文 ). 

Martini R; Pawlowski J. Journal of 

Foraminiferal Research, 2008, 38(1): 1-2 

The 2007 Joseph A. Cushman Award for 

"Outstanding Achievement in Foraminiferal 

Research" is presented to a very fine lady 

scientist, Louisette Zaninetti, in recognition of 

her lifetime contribution to foraminiferal 

research. Almost the entire academic career of 

Louisette Zaninetti is connected with Geneva. 

This is where she obtained a diploma in 

Natural Sciences in 1962 and where six years 

later she defended her Ph.D. thesis on the 

Triassic foraminifera from the Almtal 

(Austria), under the direction of Professor 

Paul Brönnimann. After a short postdoc period 

in Perth (Australia), she returned to Geneva 

and worked as Lecturer at the university. In 

1974, she was appointed Assistant Professor, 

and then in 1983, Professeur Extraordinaire in 

the Departments of Animal Biology and 

Geology and Paleontology. In 1980, however, 

she took a year off and worked as 

micropaleontological adviser for Pacific 

Energy and Minerals, Golden, Colorado. 

During this period, Louisette managed to 

publish her first major publication "Les 

Foraminifères du Trias," largely based on her 

Ph.D. thesis. This was a seminal work in a 

field that had been largely neglected and, 

remarkably, "not thought to exist" by some! It 

was published as a monograph in the Rivista 

Italiana di Paleontologia in 1976, and in it, 

not only did she recognize the stratigraphic 

potential of these Triassic foraminifera but 

also, together with colleagues, laid the 

foundations of a workable stratigraphic 

zonation. On the way, she had to resolve 

numerous and formidable systematic problems 

which previously had discouraged many from 

using foraminifera . . . 

2009020189 

哈萨克斯坦中部 Chingiz 山脉中寒武统至 

下奥陶统动物群 = Middle Cambrian to 

Lower Ordovician faunas from the Chingiz 

Mountain Range, central Kazakhstan.. ( 英文 ). 

Tolmacheva T JU; Degtyarev K E; 

Samuelsson J; Holmer L E. Alcheringa, 2008, 

32(4): 443-463 

The middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician 

back-arc sedimentary succession studied in the 

Kol'denen River and in the Zerbkyzyl 

Mountains of the central Chingiz Mountain 

Range is composed predominantly of 

siltstones, sandstones and volcaniclastic rocks 

with rare beds of micritic carbonates, black 

shales and cherts. Fossil assemblages 

including conodonts, lingulate brachiopods, 

arthropods, sponges and probable Tasmanites 

cysts were recorded both from the carbonate 

and chert beds showing that richly diverse 

marine environments existed directly adjacent 

to the volcanic arcs. The Kol'denen River 

localities contain a diverse upper Cambrian 

paraconodont assemblage of the open-sea 

affinity. The representatives of Rossodus, 

Cordylodus, Drepanodus and Variabiloconus, 

having an almost pandemic distribution and 

characteristic of basinal facies, dominate the 

Lower Ordovician conodont fauna. The 

Cambrian-Ordovician boundary transition is 

characterized by chert production that was 

more likely caused by a local productivity 

increase than by general changes in 

palaeooceanographic and palaeogeographical 

conditions. 

2009020190 

阿根廷内乌肯盆地白垩纪无脊椎动物的古 

生物地理亲缘 = Paleobiogeographic 

affinities of the Cretaceous invertebrates of 

the Neuquen Basin. ( 其他 ). Aguirre-Urreta M 

B; Casadio S; Cichowolski M. 

Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(3): 591-611 

Paleobiogeographic affinities of Cretaceous 

marine invertebrates of the Neuquen Basin are 

analyzed based Oil a recent systematic 

revision. Two different marine intervals are 

considered. The first one corresponds to the 

Berriasian-Early Barremian when the basin 

was connected to the Pacific Ocean through a 

volcanic arc. The second is restricted to the 

Maastrichtian, when the basin was open to the 

Atlantic Ocean. During the first, the nautilids 

are monospecific showing Andean affinities. 

The ammonoids are represented by six 

families of tethyan affinities. Twenty genera 

and subgenera are replaced in time through 

immigration events, alternating between 

Andean and pandemic forms. The bivalve 

fauna has tethyan affinities, although a 

significant number of taxa are endemic. The 

decapods show similarities with others from 

England and Germany. The echinoids are 

represented by seven genera of different 

paleogeographic distribution, including 

61

endemic or Andean forms and others with a 

nearly cosmopolitan distribution. 

Maastrichtian mollusk faunas show affinities 

with the Weddellian Province. Near the K/P 

boundary and during the Danian the 

weddellian forms were replaced by warmwaters 

taxa from northern Brazil, the 

Caribbean and northern Africa. It is proposed 

that during the Early Cretaceous, 

paleotemperatures in the Neuquen Basin were 

similar to those in the Tethys, but probably not 

so high, whereas for the Maastrichtian, a 

global cooling would have caused the northern 

expansion of Weddellian forms. Finally, 

around the K/P boundary, a new global 

warming probably enhances the replacement 

of these faunas by other typical from low 

latitudes. 

2009020191 

贵州新元古代到寒武纪早期特异埋藏后生 

生物群及其研究意义 = Exceptionally- 

Preserved Early Metazoan Biotas Of 

Neoproterozoic-Cambrian In Guizhou And 

Their Implications : A Brief Introdution. ( 中 

文 ). 赵元龙 ; 杨洪 ; 李勇 ; 彭进 ; 杨兴莲 ; 李锋军 ; 

伍孟银 ; 程心 ; 李丙霞 . 古生物学报 , 2008, 

47(4): 405-418 

贵州化石丰富 , 素有古生物王国之称 , 

其中早期特异埋藏后生生物十分发育 , 由 

老至新有埃迪卡拉系的瓮安生物群、江口 

庙河生物群、寒武系第 1 统的小壳动物 

群、第 2 统下部的牛蹄塘生物群及中上部 

的杷榔动物群、第 3 统底部的凯里生物 

群。这些特异埋藏生物群与云南寒武系的 

澄江动物群、关山生物群及陕南埃迪卡拉 

系高家山生物群构成了我国早期后生生物 

的演化链 , 反映了从动物起源 ( 瓮安生物 

群 )、可疑多门类动物出现 ( 江口庙河生 

物群 )、动物骨骼化 ( 高家山生物群 )、 

生物矿化质和量的变化或骨骼动物爆发性 

辐射 ( 小壳动物群 ) 及海绵动物辐射 ( 牛 

蹄塘生物群 ) 再到动物主要门类出现的寒 

武纪大爆发 ( 澄江动物群 )、海洋生物多 

样化及生态复杂化 ( 凯里生物群 ) 的演化 

过程。 

2009020192 

澳大利亚东部石炭纪海相无脊椎动物带的 

相关对比修定 = Revised correlations for 

Carboniferous marine invertebrate zones of 

eastern Australia. ( 英文 ). Roberts J; Jones P J; 

Jenkins T B N. Alcheringa, 1993, 17(4): 353 - 

376 

A review of the international significance of 

Carboniferous biostratigraphic units of eastern 

Australia, incorporating brachiopod, 

ammonoid, conodont and foraminiferal/algal 

evidence, is carried out in order that new ion 

microprobe ages can be used to calibrate the 

Australian units and to provide greater 

precision to the international geological 

timescale. The ages of brachiopod zones, 

which have been most used for regional 

correlation throughout eastern Australia, are 

revised using new conodont information from 

Jenkins et al. (1993), recent revisions of 

European ammonoid zones (Riley, 1990a, 

1991), existing foraminiferal/algal data, and 

new internal evidence from brachiopods. 

Major changes include recognition that: the 

Tulcumbella tenuistriata Zone straddles the 

Devonian-Carboniferous boundary and 

extends into the mid-Hastarian (Tn1b-lowest 

Tn2b); the Schellwienella burlingtonensis 

Zone is late Hastarian to earliest Molinacian 

(Tn2c-Tn3c) in age; the Orthotetes australis 

Zone early Visean (Chadian to early Arundian; 

V1a-V1b) rather than late Visean in age based 

on new data from conodonts and 

reinterpretation of the ammonoid evidence; 

the Delepinea aspinosa Zone ranges in age 

from Arundian to early Holkerian (V1b to 

V2b), though the boundary with the 

succeeding Rhipidomella fortimuscula Zone 

cannot be well defined; the fortimuscula Zone 

is late Holkerian to Asbian (V3b), with the top 

of the zone being taken within the B2b 

ammonoid zone; and the Marginirugus 

barringtonensis Zone extends throughout the 

remainder of the Asbian and the Brigantian, to 

the end of the late Visean. Gondwanan 

assemblages succeeding the Early 

Carboniferous cosmopolitan faunas cannot be 

readily correlated with Northern Hemisphere 

biozones. The Levipustula levis Zone is 

Namurian in age at the base. 

原生动物 

2009020193 

中国云南西部腾冲地块二叠纪蜓类 = 

Permian fusulinids from the Tengchong Block, 

Western Yunnan, China. ( 英文 ). Shi Y K; Jin 

X C; Huang H; Yang X N. Journal of 


Two Permian fusulinid faunas, including 

nine species belonging to six genera, from the 

northern Tengchong Block, Southwest China, 

are studied and compared with the coeval 

fusulinid faunas from other blocks with 

Gondwana-affinity and South China. In the 

62

Kongshuhe section, the fauna is dominated by 

Eoparafusulina in the lower part of the 

Dadongchang Formation and possibly 

suggests an age of Sakmarian, while in the 

Shanmutang section, the fauna from the 

middle of the Dadongchang Formation mainly 

consists of Chusenella mingguangensis n. sp. 

and Monodiexodina gigas n. sp., indicating a 

Wordian to Capitanian age. Study has also 

demonstrated that fusulinid faunas from the 

Tengchong Block shared similar features with 

the contemporary faunas from the Baoshan 

Block and Sibumasu Block in the low generic 

and specific diversities and the absence of the 

taxa commonly found in Cathaysia Tethys 

areas, such as the Pseudoschwagerinidae, 

Verbeekinidae, and Neoschwagerinidae. 

However, visible differences in species 

composition still exist between the faunas of 

the Tengchong Block and those of the other 

two blocks, revealing an apparent regional 

feature in the faunas of the Tengchong Block. 

2009020194 

苏格兰内陆谷下灰岩组中 

Visean/Serpukhovian 界线的新有孔虫类 = 

New Foraminifers in the Visean/Serpukhovian 

Boundary Interval of the Lower Limestone 

Formation, Midland Valley, Scotland. ( 英文 ). 

Cózar P; Somerville I D; Burgess I. Journal of 


The biostratigraphy of the upper part of the 

Mississippian Lower Limestone Formation in 

the Midland Valley, Scotland is revised using 

foraminiferal assemblages. This formation 

was previously assigned exclusively to the 

upper part of the Brigantian Substage (upper 

Cf6, P2 or latest Visean), whereas the 

succeeding Limestone Coal Formation (barren 

of foraminifers and conodonts) was assigned 

to the Pendleian Substage (lower Cf7, E1 or 

early Serpukhovian). The foraminifers, in 

particular those recorded from the Second 

Hosie and Top Hosie limestones and their 

lateral equivalents (Anvil and MacDonald 

limestones), are comparable to Serpukhovian 

assemblages from the Ukraine and Russia. 

Consequently, the Visean/Serpukhovian stage 

boundary is repositioned at the base of the 

Second Hosie Limestone. This assignment of 

the Second Hosie Limestone to the Pendleian 

is reinforced by the first occurrence of the 

ammonoid Emstites (Cravenoceras), although 

it occurs 1 m below the Top Hosie Limestone. 

Pendleian foraminiferal assemblages from 

northern England, its geographically closest 

equivalent, are similar but not well enough 

known for a detailed comparison. A few 

similarities are found between the 

foraminiferal assemblages from the Midland 

Valley and those from southwest Spain and 

North African basins. Faunas from the Second 

and Top Hosie limestones and their lateral 

equivalents allow us to propose an assemblage 

zone, valid for regional correlations within the 

British Isles, and the faunas can be potentially 

used as Serpukhovian markers for western 

Paleotethyan basins. Two new genera and 

species are described, Praeplectostaffella 

anvilensis n. gen. n. sp. and Praeostaffellina 

macdonaldensis n. gen. n. sp., and two new 

species, Tubispirodiscus hosiensis n. sp. and 

Euxinita pendleiensis n. sp. 

2009020195 

有孔虫作为基底 - 美国华盛顿陆架上小型小 

孔虫类依附于大型胶结类的有孔虫的实例 

= Foraminifers as hard substrates: an example 

from the Washington(USA) continental shelf 

of smaller foraminifers attached to 

larger,agglutinate foraminifers. ( 英文 ). Martin 

R. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 2008, 

38(1): 3-10 6 图版 . 

This study from the continental shelf 

offshore from Washington, USA, describes an 

occurrence of attached foraminifers using 

other, larger foraminifers as their hard 

substrate. Isolated instances of such 

associations have been illustrated in a few 

publications; however, the example 

documented here is of an extensive 

relationship between smaller attached 

foraminifers and their substrate species. Host 

foraminifers were unusually large (4 mm to 5 

cm) specimens of the agglutinate species 

Ammodiscus pacificus, Haplophragmoides 

canariensis, Rhabdammina linearis and 

Bathysiphon filiformis. The attached 

foraminifers were Cibicides pseudoungerianus, 

Tritaxis fusca and Cibicides refulgens. In 

addition to the attached foraminiferal tests, 

several attachment scars were evident, some 

of which can be attributed to epibiont 

foraminifers that became detached from the 

host. There are several possible reasons these 

smaller foraminifers colonized the larger ones 

in this area. Most likely, the host foraminifers 

provided a stable platform for feeding. In 

addition, if the host was living, its motility 

could have prevented the smaller foraminifers 

from being smothered in this high sediment 

accumulation setting. Thus, these larger 

foraminifers act as convenient "benthic 

63

islands" (Taylor and Wilson, 2003) for their 

epibionts. 

2009020196 

作为珊瑚礁良性发展的生物指标的澳大利 

亚大堡礁北部岛礁底部的礁相有孔虫 = 

Reef foraminifera as bioindicators of coral 

reef health: low isles reef, northern Great 

Barrier Reef, Australia. ( 英文 ). Schueth J D; 

Frank T. Journal of Foraminiferal 

Research, 2008, 38(1): 11-22 

Declining water quality associated with 

changes in land use over the past century is 

considered a significant environmental threat 

to the health of coral platforms of the Great 

Barrier Reef, Australia, in particular for those 

situated in nearshore areas of the wet tropics. 

Of these reefs, perhaps the most well known is 

Low Isles Reef, which has been studied since 

1928. Decline in scleractinian coral cover and 

increased abundances of soft-bodied corals 

and macroalgae since the 1950’s have led 

researchers to speculate that the reef is being 

affected by increased nutrient and sediment 

fluxes from nearby rivers. The Foraminifera in 

Assessment and Monitoring (FORAM) Index 

(Hallock and others, 2003) is a numerical 

indicator of the suitability of water quality to 

support reef growth based on foraminiferal 

assemblages. To assess whether nutrification 

is an issue near Low Isles Reef, FORAM 

Index (FI) values were calculated from a suite 

of 50 samples collected from the reef top. 

Results were compared to FI values from 

Heron Reef, a mid-shelf platform in the 

southern Great Barrier Reef Province known 

for its lush scleractinian coral population. FI 

values from both reefs indicate that, overall, 

conditions favor coral growth. A Student’s t 

test indicates the FI values between the two 

reefs are similar. Principal components 

analysis shows that the FI values are not being 

constrained by water depth or depositional 

environment. Lower FI values, which indicate 

conditions unsuitable to marginal for coral 

growth, are restricted to particular locations on 

Low Isles Reef and can be explained in the 

context of local processes associated with the 

long-term geomorphological evolution of the 

reef. Results (1) do not support the notion that 

agricultural activities in nearby coastal 

catchments have adversely affected coral 

populations on Low Isles Reef and (2) 

demonstrate the applicability of the FI for 

regions outside of the western Atlantic and 

Caribbean, for which the index was originally 

created. 

2009020197 

巴西 Bahia 南部珊瑚礁中伴生的底栖有孔 

虫类 = Benthic foraminifera associated with 

the south Bahia coral reefs, Brazil. ( 英文 ). 

Helisângela Acris Borges De Araújo; Altair 

De Jesus Machado. Journal of Foraminiferal 

Research, 2008, 38(1): 23-38 2 图版 . 

The objective of this study was to assess 

foraminiferal faunas and their relationship to 

sediment texture and composition in the reef 

areas from the coastline to the 30-m isobath 

between the cities of Corumbau and Nova 

Viçosa in the extreme south of the State of 

Bahia. Cluster analysis of the species, 

identified from 38 samples of surface 

sediments, revealed a strong correlation with 

grain size. The principal relationships 

established between these species and the 

sediments were the following: (i) 

Amphistegina lessonii and Peneroplis 

carinatus were abundant in sandy carbonate 

sediments and (ii) Ammonia beccarii, 

Elphidium poeyanum, Pyrgo subsphaerica, 

Quinqueloculina disparilis curta and Q. 

lamarckiana were abundant in mixed sand and 

mud, whether carbonate or mixed carbonate 

and siliciclastic. The fluctuation in the 

richness index among samples indicated 

microenvironmental areas that were 

unfavorable for some foraminiferal species. 

Local hydrodynamic conditions result in 

environments with greater energy where finer 

sediments, together with many foraminiferal 

species, have been removed. In more 

protected areas, weaker hydrodynamic 

conditions permit the accumulation of fine 

sediments and organic matter, making the 

environment suitable for diverse forms of 

foraminifera. In general, faunal composition is 

typical of tropical carbonate platforms, where 

the reef structures provide a variety of 

microenvironments that account for the 

variations observed in the foraminiferal fauna. 

2009020198 

星状浮游有孔虫属 Hastigerinoides BrÖ 

nnimann, 1952 的系统学厘定和系统发育 = 

Taxonomic re-evaluation and phylogeny of 

the stellate planktonic froaminifera genus 

Hastigerinoides BrÖ nnimann, 1952. ( 英文 ). 

Georgescu M D; Huber B T. Journal of 

Foraminiferal Research, 2008, 38(1): 52-58 3 

图版 . 

The Late Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) 

planktonic foraminiferal genus 

64

Hastigerinoides is emended. A new species, H. 

atlanticus nov. sp., is proposed for the tests 

with one or rarely two last-formed chambers 

that are strongly radially elongate and distally 

tapering in the final whorl. Hastigerinoides 

consists of three phylogenetically related 

species: H. clavata (Brönnimann, 1952), H. 

atlanticus nov. sp., and H. alexanderi 

(Cushman, 1931). This genus evolved from 

Globigerinelloides escheri, a Coniacianmiddle 

Campanian, globular- to suglobularchambered 

species. 

2009020199 

土耳其 Taurides 中部晚石炭世和早二叠世 

的蜓类的生物地层学、动物群组成和对比 

= Late Carboniferous and Early Permian 

fusulinoideans in the central Taurides, Turkey: 

biostratigraphy, faunal composition and 

comparison. ( 英文 ). Kobayashi F; Altiner D. 

Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 2008, 

38(1): 59-73 3 图版 . 

The Upper Carboniferous and Lower 

Permian rock units in the Hadim area, central 

Taurides, Turkey, are biostratigraphically 

divided into eleven fusulinoidean zones in 

ascending order: the Protriticites variabilis, 

Montiparus umbonoplicatus and 

Schwageriniformis schwageriniformis Zones 

in the Kasimovian; the Jigulites aff. formosus, 

Daixina asiatica and Rugosofusulina sp. A 

Zones in the Gzhelian; the Paraschwagerina 

sp. and Dutkevichia complicata Zones in the 

Asselian; the Paraschwagerina pseudomira 

and Robustoschwagerina nucleolata Zones in 

the Sakmarian; and the Dunbarula sp. Zone 

of possible Artinskian age, according to the 

geochronologic calibration by fusulinoideans. 

Basal Kasimovian strata, Kasimovian- 

Gzhelian boundary strata and lower Asselian 

strata are missing, due to erosion and/or 

nondeposition, based on faunal analysis of 61 

species in 31 genera. Lithologies and fossils 

suggest that deposition of the studied rock 

units occurred under shallow, high energy, 

tropical coastal conditions, influenced by 

glacioeustatic sea level fluctuations. Early 

groups of schwagerinids dispersed rapidly, so 

that the Kasimovian faunas of the Taurides 

have both European and Central Asian 

affinities. Faunal similarity between the 

Hadim area and stratotype regions of the 

Moscow Basin and the Southern Urals 

declined gradually in Gzhelian time, declined 

more rapidly in the Asselian, and reached its 

low point in the Sakmarian. Many common 

species occur in the Hadim area and Central 

Asia (southern Fergana and southwest Darvas), 

the eastern Mediterranean Sea regions 

(Slovenia, Croatia, Chios Island, and other 

localities of Turkey), and the Carnic Alps, 

especially in the Sakmarian fauna containing 

Robustoschwagerina, Pseudoschwagerina, 

Paraschwagerina, 

Quasifusulina, 

Eoparafusulina and Darvasites. 

2009020200 

晚古生代冰期时期有孔虫新生和灭绝的加 

速 = Accelerated rates of foraminiferal 

origination and extinction during the Late 

Paleozoic ice age. ( 英文 ). Groves J R; Lee A. 

Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 2008, 

38(1): 74-84 

Foraminifers experienced increased 

taxonomic diversity, increased rates of 

origination and extinction and shorter mean 

species durations during the Late Paleozoic 

ice age (LPIA) than during the immediately 

pre- and post-glacial intervals, a pattern 

opposite to that exhibited by brachiopods and 

other marine invertebrates. Much, but not all, 

of the increase in evolutionary rates can be 

attributed to the origin and rapid 

diversification of the fusulinoideans, a 

narrowly specialized group that was prone to 

high rates of extinction and speciation under 

the variable, cyclothemic conditions of the 

LPIA. Increased rates of evolution among 

non-fusulinoidean foraminifers during the 

LPIA also could be related in some way to 

glacioeustatically induced instability of neritic 

environments. 

2009020201 

特立尼达岛 caroni 湿地 Mangal 地区的有 

孔虫类的分异度、种群结构以及和海平面 

的关系 = Foraminifera in the Mangal at the 

Caroni swamp, Trinidad: diversity, population 

structure and relation to sea level. ( 英文 ). 

Wilson B; Miller K; Thomas A-L; Cooke N; 

Ramsingh R. Journal of Foraminiferal 

Research, 2008, 38(2): 127-136 

Foraminifera were collected from three 

transects across a microtidal creek in the 

Caroni Swamp, northwest Trinidad (10°35'N, 

61 ° 30'W). Two transects (C1A and C1B) 

were taken beside a skeleton jetty, the third 

(C2) from the opposite bank. The heights of 

the 75-ml samples ranged from 0.44 m above 

annual mean sea level (AMSL) to 0.99 m 

below. Only 72% of 39 samples yielded 50 

foraminifera, and further statistical analyses 

[diversity measurements, Q-mode cluster 

65

analysis, SHE Community Structure 

Identification (SHECSI)] were limited to these. 

The low abundance of foraminifera along 

Transect C2 might be due to erosion opposite 

the jetty. Cluster analysis revealed three zones. 

Zone I, above 0.22 m above annual mean sea 

level (AMSL), is co-dominated by 

Arenoparrella mexicana and Trochammina 

inflata. Species richness (S) here is 4 – 10 

species per sample, the information function 

(H’) is 0.88–1.54 and the equitability index 

(E) is 0.34–0.71. Zone II (~0.21 m above to 

~0.45 m below AMSL) is co-dominated by 

Ammotium salsum, Miliammina fusca and 

Trochammina advena. Species richness (S) in 

Zone II is 7–12, H’ is 1.32–1.95 and E is 

0.44–0.70. Zone III (below –0.49 m relative 

to AMSL) is dominated by Ammonia sp., with 

lesser amounts of T. advena. In this Zone, S = 

4–10, H’ = 0.36–1.03 and E = 0.20–0.40. 

Mean values of H’ and E are highest in Zone 

II. Within Zones I and II, S and H’ are both 

negatively correlated with altitude, showing 

promise as proxies for altitude within these 

zones. SHECSI indicated that the faunas in 

Zones I and III have logarithmic series 

population structures. However, the 

cumulative value of the lnE increased part 

way through Zone II, suggesting that this zone 

comprises several subzones not revealed by 

cluster analysis. The population in the five 

samples above the increase in the lnE had a 

logarithmic series population structure. SHE 

analysis reveals two further subzones below 

this, but the number of samples was too few 

for SHECSI. 

2009020202 

太平洋 Shatsky 山丘 1209 站位一些古近纪 

浮游有孔虫的溶解系数 = Dissolution 

susceptibility of some Paleogene planktonic 

foraminifera from ODP site 1209 (shatsky rise, 

pacific Ocean). ( 英文 ). Petrizzo M R; Leoni G; 

Speijer R P; De Bernardi B; Felletti F. Journal 

of Foraminiferal Research, 2008, 38(4): 357- 

371 

A detailed, quantitative analysis of 

planktonic foraminiferal composition and shell 

fragmentation is presented for samples from 

Ocean Drilling Program Site 1209 (Leg 198, 

Shatsky Rise, Pacific Ocean) in a stratigraphic 

interval from the Paleocene/Eocene boundary, 

which is characterized by enhanced carbonate 

dissolution, to the base of the middle Eocene 

where no distinct dissolution layers are 

recorded. The aims are to evaluate whether the 

composition of the fossil Paleogene 

assemblage is representative of the original 

assemblage and to what extent it is influenced 

by carbonate dissolution. By comparing the 

absolute abundances of whole specimens and 

fragments of the three most common 

Paleogene genera (Morozovella, Acarinina 

and Subbotina), it is demonstrated that the 

percentage of foraminiferal fragments, 

identified to genus, is helpful in interpreting 

the paleoenvironment of fossil planktonic 

foraminiferal assemblages affected by marked 

carbonate dissolution. In addition, the absolute 

abundance of whole specimens and fragments 

of the three Paleogene genera collected at the 

Paleocene/Eocene boundary and in the Eocene 

reveal that, contrary to earlier suggestions, the 

spinose, asymbiotic, deep-dweller Subbotina 

is less resistant to dissolution than the 

muricate, symbiont-bearing, surface-dwellers 

Morozovella and Acarinina. Distinguishing 

between primary and taphonomic signals in 

Paleogene planktonic foraminiferal 

assemblages will be an important challenge to 

overcome in order to better constrain 

paleoecologic and paleoclimatic signals of 

global significance. 

2009020203 

亚美尼亚小高加索 Vedi 蛇绿岩系沉积盖层 

中中侏罗世巴柔期放射虫的发现 = 

Discovery of Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) 

Radiolaria from the sedimentary cover of the 

Vedi ophiolite (Lesser Caucasus, Armenia. 

( 英文 ). Danelian T; Asatryan G; Sosson M; 

Person A; Sahakyan L; Galoyan G. Comptes 

Rendus Palevol, 2008, 7(6): 327-334 

The Vedi ophiolite, situated southeast of 

Yerevan (Armenia), represents part of the 

Neotethyan oceanic lithosphere preserved in 

the Lesser Caucasus. This ophiolite unit 

constitutes a large tectonic klippe, a result of 

obduction during the Upper Cretaceous 

(Coniacian – Santonian). Relatively wellpreserved 

Radiolaria extracted from 

radiolarites overlying ophiolitic lavas along 

the Vedi River consist of Middle Jurassic 

(Bajocian, U.A.Z. 3–4) species, typical of the 

Tethyan tropical bioprovince. Assemblages 

are dominated by Nassellaria and 

characterised by the presence of species 

Cyrtocapsa mastoidea, Hexasaturnalis 

hexagonus, Laxtorum () hichioense, 

Stichocapsa japonica and Striatojaponocapsa 

plicarum s.l. This microfauna provides 

evidence for the oldest age available so far for 

the sedimentary cover of the Vedi ophiolite. 

66

2009020204 

俄罗斯库页岛 Naiba 参考剖面赛诺曼阶 - 康 

尼亚卡阶下部放射虫组合 = Cenomanianlower 

Coniacian radiolarian assemblages from 

the Naiba reference section (Sakhalin). ( 英文 ). 

Bragina L G. Stratigraphy and Geological 

Correlation, 2008, 16(5): 503-514 

Reexamination of radiolarians from the 

Naiba and Bykovo formations of the Naiba 

reference section (West Sakhalin Mountains) 

is carried out. Distinguished in the section are 

the Cromyomma () nodosa-Amphipyndax sp. 

A (terminal early Cenomanian), Cuboctostylus 

kasinzovae-C. sakhalinensis (Middle 

Cenomanian), Cuboctostylus trifurcatus- 

Cassideus yoloensis (terminal middle-late 

Cenomanian), and Spongodiscus 

concentricus-Multastrum robustum (late 

Turonian to early Coniacian probably) 

assemblages. According to results of 

comparative analysis for North Pacific regions, 

concurrent radiolarian assemblages from the 

Naiba section and California contain up to 

40% of species in common, whereas 

taxonomic similarity with assemblages from 

Japan is insignifican in contrast. 

2009020205 

俄罗斯达尔瓦兹下二叠统 Bolorian 阶标准 

剖面的小型有孔虫 = Smaller foraminifers 

from type sections of the Bolorian stage, the 

Lower Permian of Darvaz. ( 英文 ). Filimonova 

T V. Stratigraphy and Geological 

Correlation, 2008, 16(6): 599-617 

Smaller foraminifers from Upper 

Yakhtashian and Bolorian deposits of the 

stratotype area (Pamir, Darvaz, Tajikistan) are 

investigated. Four assemblages are defined. 

The first assemblage is from 

Chalaroschwagerina vulgaris-Pamirina 

darvasica Zone. The second assemblage 

found in the transitional Yakhtashian-Bolorian 

beds includes Globivalvulina, 

Palaeotextulariidae, Hemigordiidae, and 

Glomospira, associated with the first 

Pachyphloia and Langella forms. 

Characteristic taxa of third assemblage from 

the Misellina (Brevaxina) dyhrenfurthi Zone 

are Geinitzinidae, Globivalvulina, 

Palaeotextulariidae, Glomospira, and rare 

Pachyphloia. The forth assemblage of 

Hemigordiidae, 

Pachyphloia, 

Palaeotextulariidae, Geinitzinidae, 

Pseudoagathammina is identified in the M. 

(Misellina) parvicostata Zone. The 

assemblages were compared with concurrent 

analogs from China, Japan, and Russia. New 

species and subspecies Glomospira 

paleograndis sp. nov., G. darvasica sp. nov., 

Agathammina darvasica sp. nov., Pachyphloia 

darvasica sp. nov., Nodosinelloides cubanicus 

elongatus subsp. nov., and Hemigordius 

saranensis darvasicus subsp. nov. are 

described 

2009020206 

俄罗斯色丹岛 Malokuril’skaya 组坎潘期 - 

马斯特里赫特期放射虫 = Campanian- 

Maastrichtian radiolarians from the 

Malokuril ’ skaya Formation, the Shikotan 

Island. ( 英文 ). Palechek T N; Terekhov E P; 

Mozherovskii A V. Stratigraphy and 


The results of radiolarian analysis confirm 

the Campanian-Maastrichtian age of the 

Malokuril’skaya Formation in the Shikotan 

Island. The Campanian-Maastrichtian age of 

the formation is implied simultaneously by 

radiolarians and inoceramids. The studied 

Campanian and Campanian-Maastrichtian 

radiolarian assemblages include abundant 

specimens representing genus Prunobrachium, 

characteristic of which was bipolar 

distribution in cold-water to temperate basins. 

The new occurrence site of prunobrachids is 

established at the latitude of 43°N, the Far 

East of Russia 

2009020207 

挪威斯匹次卑尔根中奥陶世 Proventocitum 

procerulum 放射虫组合及其生物地层对比 

= The Middle Ordovician Proventocitum 

procerulum radiolarian assemblage of 

Spitsbergen and its biostratigraphic correlation. 

( 英文 ). Maletz J; Bruton D L. 


The Proventocitum procerulum radiolarian 

assemblage from the Valhallfonna Formation 

of Spitsbergen is described for the first time in 

some detail from material investigated in 

transmitted light. A number of species are 

recognized in the well-preserved material, 

showing unexpected diversity. The age of the 

fauna is restricted to the early Darriwilian 

(Da1-2), based on comparison with precisely 

dated radiolarian assemblages from the Cow 

Head and Table Head Groups of western 

Newfoundland. Most species, however, are 

left in open nomenclature until additional 

material is available for SEM investigation. 

Inanigutta magnifica n. sp. is described as new. 

67

2009020208 

安第斯火地岛早渐新世有孔虫 : 大地构造 

和古环境意义 = Early Oligocene 

Foraminifera from the Fuegian Andes: Their 

tectonic and paleoenvironmental meaning. ( 其 

他 ). Scarpa R; Malumian N. 

Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(2): 361-376 

Two early Oligocene assemblages of 

calcareous foraminifera from the Estancia 

Maria Cristina Beds, critical in the chronology 

and paleoecological events of the Fuegian 

Andes, are described. These assemblages 

indicate the environmental setting and the 

early Oligocene age of the beginning of the 

deepest foredeep in the Upper Cretaceous- 

Miocene of the Fuegian Andes and mark out 

the age of the Fuegian fold-thrust belt. These 

Beds were deposited mostly below the 

compensation calcite depth and bear mainly 

agglutinated foraminifera that testify the 

incursion of corrosive Antarctic waters. From 

restricted levels that have escaped to 

dissolution inland and near to the Farm, one of 

the assemblage was recovered, it is composed 

of abundant planktonic foraminifera typical of 

high latitude dominated by Subbotina 

angiporoides and Catapsydrax dissimilis, 

which together with "Chiloguembelina" 

cubensis and the nannofossil Isthmolithus 

recurvus, indicate an age between 30 and 34 

Ma (lower part: of the Zone of Subbotina 

angiporoides, or Antarctic Zone AP13); the 

co-occurring benthic foraminifera are 

dominated by Uvigerina subproboscidea. 

Another calcareous assemblage was recovered 

from an horizon of a section on the Atlantic 

coast, near Cerro Colorado; which is 

composed of a similar planktonic assemblage 

and an outer shelf benthic calcareous 

association strongly dominated by 

Globocassidulina Pseudocrassa and with 

abundant U. subproboscidea and Stilostomella 

spp. It is remarkable that at least in the midhigh 

latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere, 

"Chiloguembelina" cubensis and 

Chiloguembelina ototara are morphologically 

and chronologically differentiable species, the 

former one restricted to the Oligocene and the 

latter one mostly to the upper Eocene. 

2009020209 

海洋浮游生物的扩散和生物地理 : 有孔虫 

Truncorotalia truncatulinoides 的长距离扩 

散 = Dispersal and biogeography of marine 

plankton: Long-distance dispersal of the 

foraminifer Truncorotalia truncatulinoides. 

( 英文 ). Sexton P F; Norris R D. 

Geology, 2008, 36(11): 899-902 

Speciation models for marine plankton 

commonly assume that tectonic barriers and 

water mass fronts act as potent isolating 

mechanisms. Here we present evidence 

indicating that tectonic and water mass 

barriers to dispersal are, in some cases, very 

weak. We identify a transient occurrence (19 

k.y. duration) of the planktic foraminifer 

Truncorotalia truncatulinoides in the Atlantic 

Ocean 500 k.y. before its generally accepted 

first appearance anywhere outside the 

southwest Pacific. This finding provides 

strong evidence for long-distance dispersal of 

plankton, enabling them to opportunistically 

colonize normally inhospitable environments 

as soon as they become favorable. Our newly 

described appearances of T. truncatulinoides 

in the Atlantic are restricted to the onset of the 

first very severe glacial stage (marine isotope 

stage 100) at 2.54 Ma, ~200 k.y. after the 

global evolution of the species in the 

southwest Pacific. This ability of plankton to 

disperse long distances, combined with recent 

evidence for high gene flow throughout the 

extra-polar oceans, suggests that it may be 

very difficult, even impossible, to 

geographically isolate pelagic populations for 

extended periods of time, a key component in 

vicariant and allopatric speciation models. 

Instead, high dispersal capability favors 

sympatric or parapatric processes as the 

prevalent modes of marine speciation 

2009020210 

印度卡奇 Jumara 山中晚侏罗世有孔虫的 

亲缘关系和古生物地理意义 = Affinities and 

palaeobiogeographic implications of Middle 

to Late Jurassic foraminifera from Jumara Hill, 

Kutch, India. ( 英文 ). Talib A; Gaur K N. 


/ Abhandlungen, 2008, 247(3): 313-323 

The assemblage has been correlated with 

the Jurassic foraminiferal assemblages from 

different localities of the Kutch region and 

other areas of the country as well as from 

certain neighbouring regions of the world. The 

comparative study suggests that the Jumara 

and other Jurassic foraminiferal assemblages 

of western India exhibit a distinct Tethyan 

affinity and , along with the foraminiferal 

assemblages of Afghanistan, Iran, Egypt, 

Somalia and Malagasy, was occupying the 

Indo-East African Province of the Tethyan 

Realm during Middle to Upper Jurassic time. 

The present sudy indicates that during Middle 

68

and Late Jurassic times, the Kutch region 

probably had a sea connection with Rajasthan, 

Afghanistan, Iran, Egypt, Somalia and 

Malagasy when these regions were covered by 

a southwestern arm of the Tethys, the Indo- 

East African Gulf. 

2009020211 

巴布高原全新世底栖有孔虫的两个新种 = 

Two new species of benthic foraminifera from 

the Holocene of the Papuan Plateau. ( 英文 ). 

Clark F E. Alcheringa, 1993, 17(4): 377 - 382 

Two new species of benthic foraminifera 

have been identified from Holocene sediments 

of the Papuan Plateau. Spirorutilus collinsi sp. 

nov. (suborder Textulariina) has a rapidly 

tapering, agglutinated test with depressed 

sutures, flattened upper chamber surfaces, and 

a low, broad-arched aperture. The second 

species, Cibicorbis aspera sp. nov. (suborder 

Rotaliina), differs from others of the genus in 

having rugae on both sides of the test, as well 

as rugose to serrate dorsal sutures 

2009020212 

奥地利卡尔阿尔卑斯北部上白垩统一底栖 

有孔虫 "Nummoloculina" regularis 的重新 

评定 = Reassessment of "Nummoloculina" 

regularis Philippson, 1887, a benthic 

foraminifer from the Upper Cretaceous of the 

Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria. ( 英文 ). 

Schlagintweit F. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie 


248(1): 115-122 

"Nummoloculina" regularis has frequently 

been reported from many Cenomanian strata 

in the peri-Mediterranean realm and is 

commonly used as a biostratigraphic marker 

species. However, the species described by 

Philippson does not belong to the genus 

Nummoloculina Steinmann, 1881, and 

Cenomanian shollow water limestones with 

nummoloculinids do not exist in the Northern 

Calcareous Alps. Instead, the specimens 

illustrated and described by Phillippson 

exhibit features that place it in a possible 

relationship to Vidalina hispanica 

Schlumberger, 1899, a common benthic 

foraminifer in the Lower Gosau Subgroup. 

2009020213 

因泥罗河硅质碎屑沉降而形成的地中海内 

陆棚东南边沿底栖有孔虫群落的变化 = 

Benthic foraminifera assemblage change 

along the southeastern Mediterranean inner 

shelf due to fall-off of Nile-derived 

siliciclastics. ( 英文 ). Hyams-Kaphzan O; 

Almogi-Labin A; Sivan D; Benjamini C. 


/ Abhandlungen, 2008, 248(3): 315-344 

We here report on how this sedimentary 

transition, across a variety of rocky, sandy and 

silty-clayey substrates, affects th abundant, 

diverse benthic foraminifera that are highly 

sensitive to changing environmental 

parameters. Because of patchy distribution 

and seasonality, comparison of these 

substrates in the long-term is best done by 

time-averaged, dead assemblages of 

foraminifera. We studied the dead benthic 

foraminifera from 7 east-west oriented 

transects extending from 3 to 30 m water 

depth, supplemented by 8 box corer samples 

taken along a north-south trasect at 40m depth. 

There were 350 benthic forminifera species 

present. The abundance, diversity and 

composition of the assemblages change 

significantly, correlating with substrate, depth, 

and geographical position relative to the Nile 

littoral cell. 

2009020214 

土耳其西南部西 Taurides 渐新世 - 中新世 

有孔虫记录 ( 中垩虫科、鳞环虫科、货币 

虫科 ): 生物统计和区域地质意义 = Oligo- 

Miocene foraminiferal record (Miogypsinidae, 

Lepidocyclinidae and Nummulitidae) from the 

Western Taurides (SW Turkey): Biometry and 

implications for the regional geology. ( 英文 ). 

Özcan E; Less G; Báldi-Beke M; Kollányi K; 

Acar F. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2009, 

35(6): 740-760 

The marine Oligo-Miocene units of western 

Taurides, deposited under different tectonic 

regimes (in Bey Dağları platform in foreland 

and coeval sequences in hinterland), were 

studied to establish a high-resolution 

biostratigraphic framework. Biometric study 

of the full spectrum of larger foraminifera in a 

regional scale allowed us correlating them 

with the shallow benthic zonation (SBZ) 

system introduced by [Cahuzac, B., Poignant, 

A., 1997. Essai de biozonation de l’Oligo- 

Miocène dans les bassins européens à l’aide 

des grands foraminifères néritiques. Bulletin 

de la Soci é t é gé ologique de France 168, 

155–169], and to determine the ages of these 

sites on zonal precision for the first time. In 

correlating these assemblages to standard 

shallow benthic zones, planktonic data were 

also used whenever possible. Taxa, classified 

under the genera Nummulites, Miogypsina, 

69

Miolepidocyclina, Nephrolepidina, Eulepidina, 

Heterostegina, Operculina and Cycloclypeus 

() and their assemblages, closely resemble to 

the fauna described from European basins. 

These groups characterize the SBZ 22B to 25 

zones referring to a time interval from early 

Chattian to Burdigalian. However, a main gap 

in late Chattian (SBZ 23) and in early part of 

the Aquitanian (SBZ 24) is also recorded in 

the platform succession. In the meantime, rare 

Eulepidina in the Burdigalian levels suggest a 

clear Indo-Pacific influence. Based on the 

discovery of early Chattian (SBZ 22B) 

deposits (previously mapped under 

Eocene/Miocene units), the Oligo-Miocene 

stratigraphy of the Bey Dağları platform is 

also revised. A more precise chronology for 

regional Miocene transgression is presented 

based on the miogypsinid evolutionary scale. 

2009020215 

依据浮游有孔虫推断的末次冰期以来南中 

国海南部海表面环境 = Sea surface 

environment inferred from planktonic 

foraminifera in the southern South China Sea 

since the last glacial period. ( 英文 ). Li Bao- 

Hua; Wang Xiao-Yan; Jian Zhi-Min; Pin-Xian 

Wang. Palaeoworld, 2009, 18(1): 23-33 

Detailed analyses of planktonic 

foraminifera at Site 17964 from the southern 

South China Sea (SCS) disclose that warmwater 

species have a higher percentage during 

the Holocene, while temperate-water species 

have a higher content for the last glacial 

period. Therefore, the sea surface temperature 

(SST) is a main factor that affects the 

foraminiferal assemblage at this site. A 

remarkable faunal variation at Site 17964 is 

recognized for Pulleniatina obliquiloculata 

over the last glacial – interglacial periods: 

higher P. obliquiloculata content during the 

glacial period and abrupt drop at the beginning 

of Termination I (16.5 – 15 kyr B.P.). The 

characteristic P. obliquiloculata variation can 

be correlated with other sites in the southern 

SCS and thus can be adopted as a stratigraphic 

tool in the region. A detailed analysis of 

Orbulina universa shell morphometrics at Site 

17964 shows the test size from 0.83 to 

1.45 mm and the shell porosity up to 36.7%, 

much larger than those in the Indian and 

Atlantic Oceans, which indicates a warmer 

and less saline surface water in the 

equatorial – tropical western Pacific. The 

diameter and shell porosity of O. universa 

increased from the last glacial to the Holocene, 

corresponding to the increase of SST recorded 

by the U k 37 alkenone index. A higher 

correlation coefficient (89%) between the O. 

universa test size and SST implies that 

intraspecific O. universa test size be used as 

an index of the sea surface temperature in the 

South China Sea. 

2009020216 

华南早和中二叠世蜓类动物群不同亚科之 

间的分异过程的差异 = Differences between 

subfamilies in diversification process of the 

Early and Middle Permian fusulinid fauna in 

South China. ( 英文 ). Shi Yu-Kun; Yang 

Xiang-Ning; Huang Hao. Palaeoworld, 2009, 

18(1): 34-40 

Based on the fusulinid occurrence records 

from a computerized database of stratigraphic 

distribution, statistic comparisons have been 

conducted to disclose the differences among 

six subfamilies (constituting the major part of 

the fusulinid fauna) in generic and specific 

diversities, rates of speciation and extinction, 

and changes in the rates and others during the 

diversification process of the fusulinid fauna 

in Early and Middle Permian in South China. 

Our results reveal that: (1) significant 

differences exist in the diversification pattern 

of different taxa and (2) the rates of speciation 

and extinction in Schwagerininae are 

statistically higher than those in the others. 

Furthermore, the high rate of speciation in 

Schwagerininae contributed to the higher rate 

of diversification of the fusulinid fauna in 

Early Permian, whereas the lower rate of 

diversification in the Middle Permian has 

resulted from the ubiquitous low rates of 

speciation in all major taxa in the fauna, such 

as Schwagerininae, Neoschwagerininae, 

Verbeekininae, Sumatrininae, and 

Misellininae. 

2009020217 

帕米尔东南部上三叠统有孔虫 Kaeveria 

fluegeli 种 = Kaeveria fluegeli (Zaninetti, 

Altiner, Dager et Ducret, 1982) (Foraminifera) 

from Upper Triassic of the South-East Pamirs. 

( 英文 ). Korchagin O A. Stratigraphy and 


Foraminifers representing species Kaeveria 

fluegeli have been found in the Zorkaradjilga 

Formation (Sagenites quinquepunctatus Zone) 

of the upper Norian (or lower Rhaetian) in the 

central structural-facies zone of the South-East 

Pamirs. Their occurrence here is an additional 

criterion substantiating age and correlation of 

host deposits and an evidence in favor of 

70

fauna migration from the southern Tethys 

during the respective time span not only in 

northwestern areas of that ocean (Northern 

Calcareous Alps), but also in its central part 

(the South-East Pamirs). 

2009020218 

伊朗中部亚兹德省哈尔宛山二叠纪沉积剖 

面和蜓类化石 = Section of Permian deposits 

and fusulinids in the Halvan Mountains, Yazd 

province, Central Iran. ( 英文 ). Leven E Y; 

Gorgij M N. Stratigraphy and Geological 

Correlation, 2009, 17(2): 155-172 

The Permian section situated northwest of 

Tabas in the Halvan Mountains is studied and 

fusulinids occurring in the section are 

described. The Chili, Sartakht, and Hermez 

formations distinguished in the section are 

separated by horizons of bauxitic laterite and 

belong to the Khan Group formerly ranked as 

a synonymous formation. Fusulinids occur at 

two levels in the section. The lower one 

confined to the Chili Formation yields the socalled 

Kalaktash fusulinid assemblage of the 

late Sakmarian age. The second late Asselian 

assemblage has been discovered in pebbles 

from conglomerate-breccia in the basal laterite 

of the Sartakht Formation. A brief 

characterization of fusulinids is presented and 

three new species are described. The new 

Benshiella genus is discriminated from the 

Rugosofusulinidae family. As Skinner and 

Wilde (1965, 1966) changed the original 

diagnosis of the Pseudofusulina genus, we 

suggest, regarding all species, which have 

been attributed to this genus but do not satisfy 

the new diagnosis, as representing the new 

Nonpseudofusulina 

2009020219 

高纬度古生物生态域白垩纪放射虫的种多 

样性的演化 = Evolution of species diversity 

of Cretaceous radiolarians from high-latitude 

paleobiochores. ( 英文 ). Vishnevskaya V S. 


Correlation, 2009, 17(2): 218-229 

Cretaceous radiolarians of the Boreal 

regions are considered. Their minimal 

diversity and low abundance are recorded in 

stratigraphic intervals corresponding to anoxic 

events. Paleogeographic and ecostratigraphic 

distribution trends of Cretaceous radiolarians 

are established for families Heliodiscidae, 

Prunobrachidae, Pseudoaulophacidae and 

some others. The most significant turnovers in 

evolution of radiolarians are confined to the 

latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous, Albian- 

Cenomanian, Cenomanian-Turonian, terminal 

Santonian-earliest Campanian transitions and 

to the terminal Late Cretaceous. 

2009020220 

南美洲 ( 厄瓜多尔和玻利维亚 ) 晚古生代 

小有孔虫类内卷虫 = Late Paleozoic small 

foraminifers (endothyrids) from South 

America (Ecuador and Bolivia). ( 英文 ). 

Mamet B L. Canadian Journal of Earth 

Sciences, 1996, 33(3): 452–459 

In the Pangea, small foraminifers 

(endothyrids) are useful tools for studying the 

stratigraphy of the late Paleozoic. However, 

they have been largely ignored in South 

America. This article reports for the first time 

their widespread occurrence in the 

subcontinent and illustrates representatives of 

21 families encountered from the Early 

Pennsylvanian (Bashkirian) to the Early 

Permian (Artinskian). Fifty-five foraminiferal 

genera are recognized in three basins of 

Ecuador–Bolivia and enable us to establish a 

crude zonation. The fauna is nonendemic, all 

genera being previously known from Eurasia 

and North America. There are also a number 

of taxa derived from the Arctic Realm 

(Sverdrup Basin and Arctic Alaska). In 

association with the microflora of green and 

red algae, the microfauna suggests temperate 

warm conditions. This indicates that since the 

Middle Carboniferous, warm climatic 

oscillations affected the South American part 

of Gondwana. 

古杯、多孔及腔肠动物 

2009020221 

阿拉斯加东南部威尔士亲王岛 Heceta 灰岩 

中志留纪海绵和伴生的化石 = Silurian 

sponges and some associated fossils from the 

Heceta limestone, prince of Wales Island, 

southeastern Alaska. ( 英文 ). Rigby J K; Rohr 

D M; Blodgett R B; Britt B B. Journal of 


A small faunule of hypercalcified agelasiid 

demosponges has been recovered from 

outcrops of the Silurian Heceta Formation on 

Prince of Wales Island in southeastern Alaska. 

Included are abundant Girtyocoeliana 

epiporata (Rigby and Potter, 1986), of the 

Girtyocoeliidae Finks and Rigby, 2004; 

fragments of Alaskaspongiella laminosa n. 

gen. and sp., Polyplacospongia nodosa n. gen. 

and sp., and Monolaminospongia gigantia n. 

gen. and sp., of the Auriculospongiidae 

Termier and Termier, 1977, and Cladospongia 

71

alaskensis n. gen. and sp., Virgulaspongia 

uniforma n. gen. and sp., and Stipespongia 

laminata n. gen. and sp. of the 

Preperonidellidae Finks and Rigby, 2004. 

Also included are a few fossils of uncertain 

taxonomic placement, including Turbospongia 

biperforata n. gen. and sp., along with a small, 

chambered, tubular fragment and several 

porous tubular stems that may be additional 

poriferans. Some isolated octactine-based 

heteractinid spicules were also recovered from 

the etched residues. 

2009020222 

英国始新世的新种和化石记录支持珊瑚 

Acropora 属的早期分化 = New species and 

records from the Eocene of England and 

France Support Early diversification of the 

Coral genus Acropora. ( 英文 ). Wallace C C. 


328 11 图版 . 

Five new species of the highly successful 

reef-building coral genus Acropora are 

described from Eocene locations in England 

and France (Acropora britannica, A. alvarezi, 

A. wilsonae, A. bartonensis, and A. proteacea) 

and additional records are given for six fossil 

species (A. deformis, A. anglica, A. solanderi, 

A. roemeri, A. lavandulina, and A. ornata), 

based on re-examination of material in the 

collections of the Natural History Museum, 

London. Specimens came from the Lutetian 

(49.0 to 41.3 Ma) of France, Bartonian (41.4 

to 37.0 Ma) of England and France and 

Priabonian (36.0 – 34.2 Ma) of England. 

Included are the earliest record of a species 

with tabular or plate-like colonies similar to 

those in the modern "hyacinthus" species 

group (A. proteacea n. sp.) and the earliest 

records of simple hispidose forms (A. 

bartonensis n. sp. and A. roemeri), similar to 

those in the modern "florida" species group. 

The Priabonian material from southern 

England (A. brittanica n. sp. and A. anglica) 

shows the earliest occurrence of two sturdy 

species groups, the "humilis II" and "robusta" 

groups respectively, which now occur together 

on reef fronts throughout the modern Indo- 

Pacific. The new descriptions and records 

contribute to evidence that the genus 

diversified rapidly after its appearance in the 

fossil record. This diversification may have 

contributed to the rapid speciation and 

dispersal, observed in this genus during the 

Neogene, culminating in its extraordinary 

dominance of modern Indo-Pacific reefs. 

2009020223 

阿拉斯加东南 Gravina 岛和 Keku 海峡亚 

里山大地块中上三叠统硅化的钙化海绵的 

首次发现 = The first Upper Triassic Silicified 

Hypercalcified sponges from the Alexander 

Terrane, Gravina Island and Keku Strait, 

Southeast Alaska. ( 英文 ). Senowbari-Daryan 

B; Caruthers A H; Stanley Jr. G D. Journal of 


This paper describes the first silicified 

Upper Triassic (Early Norian) hypercalcified 

sponges known from the Alexander terrane, 

southeast Alaska. Sponges consist of five taxa 

from the Cornwallis Limestone of Keku Strait, 

southeast Alaska: Amblysiphonella Steinmann, 

Parauvanella Senowbari-Daryan and Di 

Stefano, Nevadathalamia cylindrica 

(Seilacher), N. minima n. sp., and 

Stellispongia (S. cf. subsphaerica Dieci, 

Antonacci, and Zardini). The hypercalcified 

sponges of the Alexander terrane as described 

in this paper provide paleogeographic linkage 

with other far-flung terranes of western North 

America, namely the Western Great Basin of 

Nevada, Stikinia of the Yukon, as well as the 

Antimonio terrane of northwestern Mexico. In 

addition, Parauvanella cf. ferdowensis is 

known from the Upper Triassic Nayband 

Formation, Iran. Finally Stellispongia cf. 

subsphaerica is known from the Upper 

Carnian Cassian Formation of the Dolomite 

Alps. Sponges (particularly hypercalcified 

inozoans, sphinctozoans, chaetetids, and 

sponge-like organisms) are known worldwide 

from many Upper Triassic reef and nonreef 

sites. Although Upper Triassic deposits within 

the Cordilleran terranes and cratonal North 

America do not typically contain reeflike 

buildups, hypercalcifying sponge-like 

organisms were noted as occurring as part of 

the intricate paleoecological structure within a 

biostrome along the western shoreline of 

Gravina Island, southeast Alaska (southern 

Alexander terrane). This is in contrast to Keku 

Strait, southeast Alaska (central Alexander 

terrane), where hypercalcified sponges were 

identified from limestone beds within nonreef 

deposits. 

2009020224 

奥陶纪床板珊瑚 Lichenaria 属中珊瑚石的 

增加和壁孔 = Corallite increase and Mural 

Pores in Lichenaria (Tabulata, Ordovician). 

( 英文 ). Elias R J; Lee D-J; Woo S-K. Journal 

of Paleontology, 2008, 82(2): 377-390 12 图 

版 . 

72

Lichenaria may be a representative of the 

most primitive stock of tabulate corals. The 

degree of paleobiologic complexity 

discovered in L. globularis and L. grandis is 

therefore surprising. Six types of corallite 

increase are recognized. All are lateral, which 

is the predominant mode in tabulates. Most 

types, however, are unique or are comparable 

to those in few other Ordovician taxa. Only 

Type 1 (L. globularis), yielding a single offset 

with a simple basal mural pore, is typical of 

tabulates. In Type 2 (L. globularis), one parent 

produces two offsets simultaneously, whereas 

in Type 3 (L. globularis), two offsets arise 

from separate parents at nearly the same time 

and join via a connective mural pore. Types 4 

(L. globularis, L. grandis), 5 (L. grandis), and 

6 (L. globularis, L. grandis), respectively, 

involve one, two, and two to four corallites in 

addition to the parent, which join via a 

connective mural pore at the site of offsetting. 

Several features of L. globularis and L. 

grandis point to unexpectedly high levels of 

colony integration. Continuously fused 

common walls lacking back-to-back epithecae 

suggest soft tissue continuity among polyps 

above the corallum. Connective mural pores 

indicate temporary fusion of polyps. 

Coordinated behavior of polyps is suggested 

by the development of conjoined offsets from 

two parents during Type 3 increase, and by 

fusion during Types 4 to 6 increase. Attempts 

at certain types of increase sometimes failed to 

yield offsets, suggesting expendability of 

incipient buds, perhaps reflecting subjugation 

of individuals for the good of the colony. In 

light of this study, genera that have previously 

been included in Lichenariidae and 

Lichenariida require reassessment and their 

phylogenetic relationships should be 

reconsidered. Unfortunately, this is hindered 

because fundamental characters such as 

corallite increase and wall structure remain 

inadequately known in most early tabulates. 

2009020225 

阿拉斯加和哥伦比亚兰格尔和亚里山大地 

块上三叠统硅化的 Scleractinian 类珊瑚的 

系统分析 = Systematic analysis of Upper 

Triassic silicified Scleractinian Corals from 

Wrangellia and the Alexander Terrane, Alaska 

and British Columbia. ( 英文 ). Caruthers A H; 

Stanley Jr.G D. Journal of Paleontology, 2008, 

82(3): 470-491 5 图版 . 

Acid processing allowed systematic 

identification of 458 Upper Triassic silicified 

scleractinian corals (20 genera, 47 species) 

from the Alexander terrane (southeast Alaska) 

and Wrangellia (Wrangell Mountains, 

southern Alaska and Vancouver Island, 

Canada). Coral faunas, here presented, show 

taxonomic affinity with coeval collections 

from other Cordilleran terranes, specifically 

the Wallowa terrane (northeastern Oregon and 

Idaho) and Peru (South America) as well as 

the distant Tethys region. Genera from the 

Alexander terrane include: Kompsasteria 

Roniewicz, Gablonzeria Cuif, Cuifia 

Melnikova, Paracuifia Melnikova, 

Distichophyllia Cuif, Retiophyllia Cuif, 

Kuhnastraea Cuif, Margarosmilia Volz, 

Distichomeandra Cuif, Astraeomorpha Reuss, 

Pamiroseris Melnikova, Crassistella 

Roniewicz, Stylophyllum Frech, and 

Meandrostylis Frech. Genera from Wrangellia 

include: Gablonzeria Cuif, Distichophyllia 

Cuif, Retiophyllia Cuif, Kuhnastraea Cuif, 

Margarosmilia Volz, Distichomeandra Cuif, 

Astraeomorpha Reuss, Parastraeomorpha 

Roniewicz, Chondrocoenia Roniewicz, 

Pamiroseris Melnikova, Crassistella 

Roniewicz, Ampakabastraea Alloiteau, 

Recticostastraea Stanley and Whalen, 

Meandrostylis Frech, Anthostylis Roniewicz, 

and the new genus Campesteria n. gen. New 

species include: Gablonzeria grandiosa n. sp., 

Paracuifia smithi n. sp., Paracuifia jennieae n. 

sp., P. anomala n. sp., Retiophyllia 

dendriformis n. sp., R. obtusa n. sp., and 

Campesteria prolixia n. sp. 

2009020226 

得克萨斯 Wise 县 Graford 组 

Pennsylvanian 期的海绵 = Pennsylvanian 

sponges from the Graford Formation, Wise 

County, Texas. ( 英文 ). Rigby J K; McKinzie 

M G; Britt B B. Journal of 


A variety of Pennsylvanian sponges have 

been recovered from exposures along the 

shore of Lake Bridgeport and in nearby areas 

in Wise County, north-central Texas. 

Calcareous and hexactinellid sponges have 

locally weathered out of the Jasper Creek 

Shale (=upper Lake Bridgeport Shale) and the 

overlying Devil's Den Limestone of the 

Graford Formation, of Late Pennsylvanian 

Missourian age. The Demospongea 

protomonaxonids Heliospongia excavata 

KING, 1933, and Coelocladia spinosa Girty, 

1908 are represented in the studied collections 

by several specimens, as is the new genus and 

species Luterospongia texana. Agelasid 

ceractinomorph demosponges are represented 

73

y the fissispongiid Fissispongia 

jacksboroensis King, 1938, the maeandrostiid 

Maeandrostia kansasensis Girty, 1908, and 

the girtycoeliid, Girtycoelia typica King, 1933. 

Sponges of the Class Hexactinellida and the 

amphidiscophorid Family Stiodermatidae are 

represented by an extensive suite of specimens 

of the new genus and species 

Dermosphaeroidalis 

irregularis. 

Representatives of the hexactinellid 

reticulosid sponges include some unusually 

large specimens of the vase-shaped 

Endoplegma calathus Finks, 1960, of the 

Family Docodermatidae, and fragmental 

specimens of Stereodictyum orthoplectum 

Finks, 1960, of the Family Stereodictyidae. 

One unclassified root tuft fragment is also 

described and illustrated. Much of this diverse 

sponge fauna was endemic to the western 

embayment of Pangaea. 

2009020227 

加拿大西北地区金马伦岛 Bent Horn 油田 

泥盆纪层孔虫动物群 = Devonian 

stromatoporoid fauna of the Bent Horn oilfield, 

Cameron Island, Northwest Territories. ( 英文 ). 

Stearn C W. Canadian Journal of Earth 

Sciences, 1998, 35(1): 16–22 

The reservoir reef carbonates at the Bent 

Horn field have been referred to as the Blue 

Fiord Formation, but they are younger than 

the type Blue Fiord of Ellesmere Island. The 

top of these carbonates, from which the 

stromatoporoid fauna is here described, is 

dated by conodonts as of Eifelian age. They 

are the same unit that has also been called the 

Unnamed Formation. Fourteen taxa of 

stromatoporoids, none of them described here 

as new, are identified from cores. Five species 

are common to the fauna of the Unnamed 

Formation of surface exposures on Bathurst 

and Truro islands. The ranges of the three 

species from the fauna of the typical Blue 

Fiord of Emsian age are extended into this 

Unnamed Formation. A synthesis of the 

paleontological evidence suggests that the top 

of the reservoir is basal Eifelian age. The 

recognition of Pseudoactinodictyon cf.P. 

stearni and Simplexodictyon vermiforme at 

Bent Horn suggests paleogeographic 

connections to the Great Lakes and Yukon 

stromatoporoid faunas of this age. 

2009020228 

阿尔及利亚早石炭世一疑问新种 

Duodecimedusina stella = Duodecimedusina 

stella n. sp., an Early Carboniferous 

(Mississippian) problematicum from Algeria. 

( 英文 ). Korn D; Weyer D; Bockwinkel J; 

Ebbighausen V. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie 


247(1): 9-13 

Duodecimedusina stella n. sp. is described as 

a problematicum of unknown systematic 

position from the Tournaisian (Early 

Carboniferous/Mississippian) Gres de Kahla 

superieur of Timimoun (Algeria). 

2009020229 

修正北澳大利亚寒武纪海绵属 Rankenella, 

Jawonya 和 Wagima 的分类学特征 = 

Update on the northern Australian Cambrian 

sponges Rankenella, Jawonya and Wagima. 

( 英文 ). Kruse P D. Alcheringa, 1996, 20(3): 

161 - 178 

New material from the Ordian to early 

Templetonian (early Middle Cambrian) of the 

Georgina Basin and Daly Basin in northern 

Australia allows further observations on the 

anthaspidellid sponge Rankenella mors and 

the chambered heteractinide sponge Jawonya 

gurumal respectively. Explanate specimens of 

R. mors are found to bear closely spaced, 

rimmed oscules, and the known range of the 

species is extended from the Ranken 

Limestone near Soudan to include the Arthur 

Creek Formation near Ammaroo. Jawonya 

gurumal from the Tindall Limestone near 

Claravale is better preserved than type and 

topotype material, and demonstrates that the 

genus is two-walled, and not one-walled as 

originally described. Furthermore, exopore 

architecture is much more complex than 

previously envisaged. The co-occurring 

related genus Wagima is also considered to be 

two-walled. Rankenella in the Ranken 

Limestone flourished in a low-energy, shallow 

subtidal marine environment subject to 

episodic higher-energy events that generated 

ooid shoals and flat-pebble conglomerates. In 

the Arthur Creek Formation the genus occurs 

in anaerobic calcimudstone deposited in a 

low-energy shelf area of limited circulation. 

Jawonya and Wagima are elements of a 

spongemollusc association in open shelf 

onkoid limestones of the Tindall Limestone. 

Rankenella is among the oldest known intact 

demosponges. Spiculation in Jawonya and 

Wagima suggests that the history of the 

heteractinide astraeospongiid-wewokellid 

lineage was one of Ordovician reduction or 

loss of original polyactines in favour of 

octactines, followed by polyactine 

reinstatement in the Carboniferous 

74

2009020230 

加勒比地区印度洋 - 太平洋造礁珊瑚属 

Isopora 首例记录 : 荷属安的列斯库拉索岛 

新近纪两新种 = First record of the indopacific 

reef coral genus Isopora in the 

Caribbean region: two new species from the 

Neogene of Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. 

( 英文 ). Budd A F; Wallace C C. 


The coral genus Isopora, a sister group of 

the modern dominant Acropora until now only 

known from the Pliocene to Recent of the 

Indo-Pacific, is recorded in the Caribbean for 

the first time. Two new species, Isopora 

ginsburgi and Isopora curacaoensis, are 

described from the Neogene Seroe Domi 

Formation of Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. 

Study of large collections made systematically 

through the sequence indicates that Isopora 

first occurred in the Caribbean during the 

Mio – Pliocene, at approximately the same 

time as the origination of many modern 

Caribbean reef coral dominants including 

Acropora cervicornis. It last occurred in the 

region during the late Pliocene as part of a 

pulse of extinction, in which several genera 

that live today in the Indo-Pacific became 

extinct in the Caribbean. Throughout its 

Caribbean duration, Isopora co-occurred with 

the two abundant modern Caribbean species 

of Acropora, A. cervicornis and A. palmata. 

Comparisons with Neogene collections made 

elsewhere in the Caribbean indicate that 

Isopora was restricted in distribution to the 

southern Caribbean. Isopora species are 

viviparous, while Acropora are oviparous, and 

this difference in reproductive strategy may 

have played a role in the extinction of Isopora 

in the Caribbean. The occurrences of Isopora 

reported in this study are the oldest records to 

date of Isopora worldwide, and are important 

for understanding the biogeographic 

separation between reef coral faunas in the 

Caribbean and Indo-Pacific regions. 

2009020231 

美国佛罗里达南部更新世 Bermont 组珊瑚 

Siderastrea Radians 和 Solenastraea asp. 

( 刺胞动物门 , 石珊瑚目 ) 的轮生群体 = 

Rotatory colonies of the Corals Siderastrea 

Radians and Solenastraea asp. (Cnidaria, 

Scleractinia), from the Pleistocene Bermont 

Formation, South Florida, USA. ( 英文 ). 

Sorauf J E; Harries P J. Palaeontology, 2009, 

52(1): 111-126 

Study of corallum shape in Siderastrea and 

Solenastraea colonies collected from 

Pleistocene Bermont strata in western Palm 

Beach County, Florida, indicates that the 

corals are rotatory, formed by rolling during 

growth on the Pleistocene sea floor. Growth of 

a radial and centrifugal nature away from the 

corallum centre suggests that rolling was 

sufficiently frequent and energetic to maintain 

the health of individual polyps along the 

skeleton's entire spherical surface with no 

evidence of growth stoppage. Post-mortem 

sponge boring accompanied by that of 

sipunculid worms and boring by the bivalves 

Gastrochaena and Lithophaga during coral 

colony life is common. Colonization by 

cirripeds (barnacles) on some live colonies 

also occurred, but these are most commonly 

overgrown. Boring of rotatory coralla 

decreased the mass of the skeleton and 

probably increased the ease and frequency of 

rolling. Comparison with modern rotatory 

specimens of S. radians from Rodriguez Bank 

indicates that the Pleistocene corals were not 

greatly modified during diagenesis, given their 

comparable densities. Diameters of both 

groups of corals are utilised to calculate levels 

of shear velocities necessary to move them, 

based on hydrodynamics of rounded sediment 

of comparable size. The presence of these 

rotatory coralla, by analogy, strongly suggest 

that Bermont sediments in the study area 

accumulated on shallow shelf areas populated 

by numerous other free-living corals along 

with fewer fixed corals, accompanying a 

diverse molluscan assemblage, all indicative 

of a Thalassia (turtle-grass) community. 

Nearshore, wave data recorded along Florida's 

present-day east coast, in contrast to 

conditions along the west coast, indicate that 

sufficient wave-generated velocities are 

present to cause regular rotation of Siderastrea 

and Solenastraea, and would likely have done 

so during the Pleistocene. 

2009020232 

腔肠动物锥石类研究的主要发展方向 : 解 

释问题和将来的前景 = Major developments 

in conulariid research: problems of 

interpretation and future perspectives. ( 英文 ). 

Leme J D; Simoes M G; Rodrigues S C. 

Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(2): 407-420 

Renewed interest in conulariids has resulted 

in clarification of problems in the 

paleobiology of this group. Discoveries of 

skeletal structures and specimens preserved in 

situ, coupled with cladistic analyses, have led 

75

to a revival of Kiderlen's (1937) hypothesis 

that conulariids were polypoid scyphozoans or 

a sister taxon of this class. Until 1979, 

research on conulariids centered on the 

description of new species and on the erection 

of subgroups using phenetic approaches. Few 

papers addressed the paleobiology and 

phylogenetic affinities of conulariids, and 

none employed cladistics. In contrast, the 

1980's saw the publication of major papers on 

the paleoecology of conulariids, and during 

this decade the hypothesis that conulariids 

were benthic organisms was corroborated. 

Also, new ideas concerning the affinities of 

conulariids, including the proposal that 

conulariids represent an extinct phylum, were 

presented. During the 1990's, the problem of 

conulariid affinities was widely debated, with 

authors advocating either that conularfids 

represent a separate phylum or that they were 

cnidarians. Near the close of that decade, 

certain advocates of a cnidarian affinity 

argued that conulariids were most closely 

related to Cniclaria. Taphonomic evidence 

indicates that conulariids were benthic animals 

originally oriented with their aperture opening 

upward and that they attached to or were 

embedded in hard and soft substrates. To 

understand unresolved problems we recormnend 

that (1) conulariid specialists develop a 

standard morphological nomenclature based 

on rigorous definitions; and (2) studies on 

conulariid paleoecology be carried out using a 

sequence stratigraphy approach. 

2009020233 

新疆库鲁克塔格地区中奥陶统黑土凹组的 

放射虫新属种 = New Radiolarian Genera 

And Species Of Heituao Formation 

( Ordovician ) In The Kuruktag 

Region,Xinjiang. ( 中文 ). 王玉净 ; 成俊峰 ; 张 

元动 . 古生物学报 , 2008, 47(4): 393-404 

新疆库鲁克塔格地区的奥陶系黑土凹组 

黑色硅质岩中发现丰富的放射虫动物群 , 

以泡沫虫类球形放射虫最多 , 不具外刺和 

具外刺的 Inaniguttidae 科占优势 , 及一些分 

类位置待定的特殊放射虫族群。本文描述 

该动物群中 4 个新属 Quasibeothuka , 

Batoballa , Protosegmentum Tetrasphaera , 

10 个新种 (Quasibeothuka fusiforma , Q. 

ovata ,Q. ellipsoidala ,Q. longi f usi forma ,Q. 

bithornya ,Batoballa communis ,B. 

longiovata , Protosegmentum xinjiangensis, 

Tetrasphaera kuruktagensis ,Beothuka 

longispiniforrna)。黑土凹组的放射虫动物 

群拟建立 Tetrasphnern kuruktagensis 带 , 下 

分二个亚带 , 下部的 Protosegmentum 

xinjiangensis 亚带和上部的 Quasibeothuka 

fusiforma 亚带。该组的黑色页岩中产 

Exigraptusclavus 带笔石化石 , 时代为中奥 

陶世大坪期。该组很可能是一个很好的牛 

油层。 

2009020234 

华南泥盆系法门阶浅海相四射珊瑚的组合 

序列 = The Famennian Rugose Coral 

Assemblages In Near-Shore Facies From 

South China. ( 中文 ). 廖卫华 ; 马学平 ; 孙元林 . 

古生物学报 , 2008, 47(4): 419-426 

晚泥盆世弗拉期末 F-F 的生物灭绝事件 , 

导致珊瑚以及许多浅海底栖生物灭绝 , 几 

乎整个法门期珊瑚群都处于残存阶段 , 华 

南地区目前只在湖南的个别地方发现少量 

的 Smithiphyllum。直到法门期末珊瑚和其 

它一些造礁底栖生物开始复苏 , 出现了不 

少与典型泥盆纪珊瑚存在很大差别的新分 

子。华南泥盆纪最晚期 (Strunian) 的珊瑚 

可划分成上、下两个组合 : 上部 

Cystophrentis 组合 ; 下部 Eocaninophyllum 组 

合。泥盆一石炭纪之交的另一次生物灭绝 

事件 , 使新生的泥盆纪最晚期的珊瑚又遭 

灭绝。 

2009020235 

扬子区志留纪十字珊瑚类属种的修订及其 

新资料 = Revisions Of Genera And Species 

Of Silurian Stauriid Corals From Yangtze 

Region. ( 中文 ). 唐兰 ; 何心一 ; 陈建强 . 古生物 

学报 , 2008, 47(4): 427-443 

以萼内分裂繁殖为主的十字珊瑚类在我 

国扬子区广泛分布于志留系兰多维列统的 

香树园组、雷家屯组、石牛栏组及宁强组 

等 , 层位稳定 , 演化迅速 , 具有重要的地 

层意义。文章对我国扬子区发表的志留纪 

十字珊瑚类属种进行系统整理和修订 , 十 

字珊瑚亚科 (Stauriinae) 分为 7 属 : 

Ceriaster Lindstr6m,1883,Eostauria Heet 

Li,1983,Massparaceriaster 

Tanggen.nov., 

Paraceriaster Y.X.He,1980,Stauria 

Edwards et Haime,1850,Cystostauria He 

et Li,1983 和 Parastauria He et Li,1974, 

同时讨论 7 属的属征 , 并对一些种群进行 

归并。此外 , 描述采自扬子区志留系兰多 

维列统的十字珊瑚 6 属 8 种 , 其中 1 新 

属 ,3 个新种 , 它们是 :Massparaceriaster 

Tang gen.nov.,Eostauria stauriata 

76

Tang sp.nov.,Paraceriaster micropora 

Tang sp.nov. 和 Paraceriaster baishaensis 

Tang sp.nov.。 

2009020236 

印度尼西亚伊里安查亚中部山脉南坡古生 

代中期珊瑚类 = Middle Palaeozoic corals 

from the southern slope of the Central Ranges 

of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. ( 英文 ). Oliver Jr W A; 

Pedder A E H; Weiland R J; van Ufford A Q. 

Alcheringa, 1995, 19(1): 1 - 15 

Rugose and tabulate corals of Frasnian 

(early Late Devonian) and pre-Frasnian 

Devonian and Silurian() ages from Irian Jaya 

(western New Guinea), Indonesia, are 

described and illustrated for the first time. The 

Frasnian corals are the most important; they 

occur in the uppermost part of the Modio 

Formation (redefined), are well-preserved and 

suggest a biogeographic linkage to Western 

Australia. The source carbonates may 

represent a reef environment. The pre- 

Frasnian corals are from stream cobbles at two 

localities. They indicate the presence or 

former presence of a more complete Middle 

Palaeozoic sequence than was previously 

known in Irian Jaya. 

2009020237 

澳大利亚昆士兰北部 Burdekin 盆地 Mount 

Podge 地区晚埃姆斯阶四射珊瑚 = Late 

Emsian rugose corals of the Mount Podge area, 

Burdekin Basin, north Queensland. ( 英文 ). 

Zhen Yongyi. Alcheringa, 1995, 19(3): 193 - 

234 

The Laroona Formation and Mount Podge 

Limestone are defined for the lower 

conglomerates and micaceous sandstones, and 

the upper coralline limestones exposed in the 

Mount Podge area, north Queensland. 

Acanthophyllum (Acanthophyllum) 

clermontense -Protomacgeea fauna from these 

two units (mainly from the Mount Podge 

Limestone) in the area is of late Emsian age, 

and comparable with other Emsian to early 

Eifelian coral faunas from Queensland and 

New South Wales. Fifteen species belonging 

to 14 genera (one genus and 7 species new) 

are described from the Mount Podge 

Limestone, including Microplasma ronense 

(Mansuy 1913), Lekanophyllum laroonaense 

sp. nov., Sanidophyllum sp., Tabulophyllum 

carinatum sp. nov., Carlinastraea callosa sp. 

nov., Australophyllum sp., Xystriphyllum cf. 

dunstani (Etheridge 1911), X. cf. magnum Hill 

1942a, Taimyrophyllum pedderi sp. nov., 

Laroonaphyllum jacki gen. et sp. nov., 

Acanthophyllum (Acanthophyllum) 

clermontense (Etheridge 1911), Disphyllum 

(Disphyllum) paracouvinense sp. nov., 

Phillipsastrea sp. cf. maculosa Hill 1942a, 

Protomacgeea minor sp. nov. and 

Thamnophyllum sp., and one new species 

Gaynaphyllum runningense sp. nov. from the 

very top of the underlying Laroona Formation. 

2009020238 

广西晚长兴期放射虫生物地层学及其与牙 

形刺的关系 = Late Changhsingian radiolarian 

biostratigraphy from Guangxi, South China 

and its correlation to conodonts. ( 英文 ). Wu 

Jun; Feng Qinglai. Science in China Series D: 

Earth Sciences, 2008, 51(11): 1601-1610 

A well-preserved, abundant radiolarian 

fauna was obtained from three sections: the 

Dongpan, Liuqiao, and Paibi sections, in 

southern Guangxi, South China. Sixteen 

species belonging to Albaillella and 

Neoalbaillella, including seven undetermined 

species, are recognized. On the basis of 

stratigraphic distribution of these species, two 

radiolarian zones, the Albaillella triangularis 

Zone and the Albaillella yaoi Zone, are 

established. The correlation between 

radiolarian zones and conodont zones is 

suggested based on the discovery of 

coexisting conodonts. Albaillella triangularis 

and Albaillella yaoi zones correspond to 

Neogondolella postwangi and Neogondolella 

yini zones respectively. 

2009020239 

华南二叠纪末深水硅质海绵骨针灭绝模式 

和灭绝过程 = Extinction pattern and process 

of siliceous sponge spicules in deep-water 

during the latest Permian in South China. ( 英 

文 ). Liu Guichun; Feng Qinglai; Gu Songzhu. 

Science in China Series D: Earth 

Sciences, 2008, 51(11): 1623-1632 

Diverse and abundant siliceous sponge 

spicules were found in the latest Permian beds, 

Dongpan and Ma ’ anying sections, South 

China, including 52 types and 85 forms. 

Further investigation on these spicules allows 

us to understand extinction patterns and 

processes of deep-water sponges. These 

sponge spicules rapidly decreased below the 

Permian/Triassic boundary (PTB), and the 

extinction rates reach up to 88%–90% for 

types and 88% – 92% for forms. Their 

extinction pattern is a gradual one that consists 

of two stages: the first is characterized by a 

77

gentle and slow extinction speed and low 

extinction rate, and the second by sharp and 

fast extinction speed and high extinction rate. 

The morphological extinction process is 

involved in the disappearance first of the 

triaxons and tetraxons, then of the polyaxons 

and demas, and last of monaxons. In exterior 

structure extinction, the complex spicules with 

branches and spines became extinct more 

easily than did smooth spicules. After the end- 

Permian mass extinction, only five common 

and smooth forms survived: Oxeas A, Oxeas 

B, Strongles B, Oxy-orthpentactines and Oxyorthohexactines 

A. 

2009020240 

澳大利亚昆士兰北部 Burdekin 盆地北缘吉 

维特阶四射珊瑚 = Givetian rugose corals 

from the northern margin of the Burdekin 

Basin, north Queensland. ( 英文 ). Zhen 

Yongyi. Alcheringa, 1994, 18(4): 301 - 343 

The Fanning River Group is among the best 

exposed marine-dominated Devonian 

sequences in eastern Australia. It consists of 

limestone, sandstone and conglomerate of 

shallow marine origin, which form the basal 

sequence of the Burdekin Basin. Sixteen 

species and subspecies (9 new) of rugose 

corals are described from outcrops of the 

Fanning River Group exposed in the Kirkland 

Downs, Boundary Creek and Lime Creek 

areas; these areas represent the north and 

northwestern margins of the Burdekin Basin 

during the early Givetian transgression. The 

coral taxa are determined as: Lythophyllum 

proliferum sp. nov., Endophyllum jelli sp. nov., 

Iowaphyllum schlueteri (Etheridge 1898), 

Blysmatophyllum isisense Pedder 1970, 

Blysmatophyllum multigemme sp. nov., 

Blysmatophyllum sp., Sanidophyllum 

kirklandense sp. nov., Spongophyllum 

(Beugniesastraea) variabilis sp. nov., 

Australophyllum cyathophylloides yohi subsp. 

nov., Xystriphyllum dotswoodense sp. nov., 

Xystriphyllum sp., Taimyrophyllum 

crassiseptatum sp. nov., Acanthophyllum 

(Acanthophyllum) sp., Amaraphyllum 

amoenum Pedder 1970, Argutastrea sp., and 

Aristophyllum planotabulatum sp. nov. 

2009020241 

澳大利亚新南威尔士 Limekilns 地区 Jesse 

灰岩下泥盆统层孔虫 = Lower Devonian 

stromatoporoids from the Jesse Limestone of 

the Limekilns area, New South Wales. ( 英文 ). 

Webby B D; Zhen Y Y. Alcheringa, 1993, 

17(4): 327 - 352 

An assemblage of well preserved Devonian 

stromatoporoids is described from the Jesse 

Limestone of the Limekilns area, centralwestern 

New South Wales. The fauna, which 

comes from limestone breccia deposits of the 

western, Diamond Creek occurrence, is 

interpreted as having an allochthonous origin. 

Eleven species of stromatoporoids are 

described and illustrated including 

representatives of Actinostroma, 

Gerronostroma, Schistodictyon, Amn 

stostroma, Pseudotrupetostroma, Salairella, 

Stromatopora, Atopostroma, and 

Habrostroma. Details of stromatoporoid 

microstructure of well preserved specimens of 

Amnestostroma and Pseudotrupetostroma are 

also presented for the first time. The 

descriptions of new species include, 

Gerronostroma vergens, Amnestostroma 

crassum, Pseudotrupetostroma jessiense and 

P. ripperae. Other elements of the Jesse fauna 

comprise occurrences of Siberian, South 

Chinese and Canadian affinity, which suggests 

probable zoogeographic links with these 

regions. The Jesse Limestone has been 

interpreted as having a mainly late Emsian age, 

but the described stromatoporoids seem to 

have been reworked from earlier Emsian 

horizons. 

2009020242 

Etheridge 氏的标本 : 首次在澳大利亚发现 

的某些古杯动物的系统分类修定 = 

Etheridge collection: systematic revision of 

some of the first archaeocyaths discovered in 

Australia. ( 英文 ). Debrenne F; Zhuravlev A 

Yu; Gravestock D I. Alcheringa, 1993, 17(3): 

179 - 183 

The twelve specimens described by 

Etheridge (1890) and Tate (1892) originate 

from the first Australian collections of 

Archaeocyatha. Few of these are suitable for 

modern studies and most must be considered 

as nomina dubia. Only two taxa may be 

determined at species level and one at genus 

level. The species Coscinocyathus tatei 

Etheridge 1890 as restricted by Tate (1892) is 

a senior synonym of Veronicacyathus 

frondeus Debrenne 1973, and consequently 

becomes the type species of Veronicacyathus 

Debrenne 1973 

苔藓动物 

2009020243 

二叠纪末期大灭绝后三叠纪苔藓虫的分异 

度和分布 = Diversity and Distribution of 

78

Triassic Bryozoans in the aftermath of the 

End-Permian Mass Extinction. ( 英文 ). Powers 

C M; Pachut J F. Journal of 

Paleontology, 2008, 82(2): 362-371 

Seventy-three species of stenolaemate 

bryozoans are documented worldwide from 

the Triassic. Stage-level diversity and 

paleogeographical analyses reveal that the 

recovery of bryozoans following the end- 

Permian mass extinction was delayed until the 

Middle Triassic. Early Triassic bryozoans 

faunas, dominated by members of the Order 

Trepostomida, were depauperate and 

geographically restricted. Bryozoan diversity 

increased during the Middle Triassic and 

diversity peaked in the Carnian (early Late 

Triassic). High extinction rates throughout the 

Late Triassic led to the extinction of all 

stenolaemate orders except the Cyclostomida 

by the end of the Triassic. Comparisons 

between global carbonate rock volume, 

outcrop surface area, and bryozoan diversity 

indicate that the documented diversity pattern 

for bryozoans may have been related, in part, 

to the availability of carbonate environments 

during the Triassic. 

2009020244 

新西兰查塔姆群岛白垩纪苔藓虫 = 

Cretaceous bryozoans from the Chatham 

Islands, New Zealand. ( 英文 ). Taylor P D. 

Alcheringa, 1996, 20(4): 315 - 327 

Two bryozoan species have been found in 

the Kahuitara Tuff (Piripauan-Haumurian 

Stages; equivalent to Campanian- 

Maastrichtian) of Pitt Island, in the Chatham 

Islands, about 900 km east of the South Island 

of New Zealand. Cretaceous bryozoans are 

rare in Australasia, and the two species in this 

paper are the first to be formally described 

from New Zealand. Both species have thick 

dendroid colonies but whereas Ceriocava 

maculata sp. nov. is an unequivocal 

cerioporine cyclostome, the other species — 

Chiplonkarina campbelli sp. nov. — is more 

problematical and is interpreted as an aberrant 

'malacostegan' cheilostome. Like previously 

described species of Chiplonkarina, C. 

campbelli has interzooidal walls with a central 

crenulated layer, indicating the former 

presence of an intercalary cuticle of the type 

found in many cheilostomes but unknown in 

cyclostomes. The anomalous global 

biogeographical distribution of bryozoans 

during the Cretaceous is briefly discussed. 

2009020245 

现生及化石杯口苔藓虫的繁殖模式 = 

Modes of reproduction in recent and fossil 

Cupuladriid Bryozoans. ( 英文 ). O'dea A; 

Jackson J; Taylor P D; Rodr í guez F. 


Cupuladriid cheilostome bryozoans can 

make new colonies both sexually and 

asexually. Sexual (aclonal) colonies are 

derived from larvae while asexual (clonal) 

colonies result from the fragmentation or 

division of larger colonies. A number of 

specialised morphologies exist which either 

enhance or discourage clonality, and 

cupuladriids preserve these in their skeletons, 

meaning that it is possible to count the 

abundances of individual modes of 

reproduction in fossil assemblages, and thus 

measure the mode and tempo of evolution of 

life histories using fossil colonies. In this 

paper we categorise, illustrate and describe the 

various clonal and aclonal methods of 

propagation in cupuladriids through the 

Cenozoic. Sexual reproduction is the only 

aclonal method of propagation, while four 

clonal methods are described comprising: (1) 

mechanical fragmentation, (2) 

autofragmentation, (3) colonial budding and 

(4) peripheral fragmentation. The processes 

involved in each are discussed and we explain 

how their prevalence can be measured in the 

fossil record using preservable morphologies. 

Compiling a record of the occurrence and 

distribution of the various modes of 

propagation through time and space we 

discover a general trend of evolution towards 

more complex modes in all three cupuladriid 

genera, but a geologically recent extinction of 

some modes of propagation that has left the 

present-day assemblage relatively depauperate. 

We see striking similarities in the general 

timing of expansion of modes of reproduction 

between the two most important genera, 

Cupuladria and Discoporella, although it is 

clear that Discoporella evolved a much wider 

range of special morphologies either to 

enhance or to discourage clonality than did 

Cupuladria. 

2009020246 

阿根廷普雷科迪耶拉上奥陶统 Sassito 组冷 

水碳酸盐中隐口类苔藓动物 = Cryptostomid 

Bryozoans from the Sassito Formation, Upper 

Ordovician Cool-Water Carbonates of the 

Argentinean Precordillera. ( 英文 ). Ernst A; 

Carrera M. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(5): 1117- 

1127 

79

Two new bryozoan species are described 

from the Upper Ordovician Sassito Formation 

of the Argentinean Precordillera: 

Moyerella spinata sp. nov. and 

Phylloporina sassitoensis sp. nov. The 

bryozoans are found in cool-water carbonates. 

The Silurian genus Moyerella is reported the 

first time in the Ordovician, showing 

palaeobiogeographic connections with Estonia 

and Siberia. 

2009020247 

澳大利亚维多利亚第三纪为 Cellepora 

abdita 而建立的一个小孔苔藓虫新属 

Chasmazoon = Chasmazoon gen. nov., a new 

genus of ascophoran bryozoan for Cellepora 

abdita MacGillivray, from the Tertiary of 

Victoria. ( 英文 ). Bock P E; Cook P L. 

Alcheringa, 1995, 19(2): 113 - 117 

The genus Chasmazoon is introduced for 

Cellepora abdita MacGillivray (1895) from 

the Tertiary of Victoria. Chasmazoon abditum 

has colonies capable of both an encrusting and 

free-living mode of growth, and the latter 

were probably anchored by basal rhizoids. The 

large, simple orifices and striated, peristomial 

ovicells of C. abditum are distinctive, and 

Stichoporina parvicapitata Canu & Bassler 

(1935), which has closely similar characters, 

is considered to be synonymous. 

2009020248 

地中海苔藓动物 Myriapora truncata—— 

古环境条件的潜在指示物 = The 

Mediterranean bryozoan Myriapora truncata 

(Pallas, 1766): a potential indicator of (palaeo-) 

environmental conditions. ( 英文 ). Berning B. 

Lethaia, 2007, 40(3): 221-232 

Fossil and Recent specimens of the 

Mediterranean bryozoan Myriapora truncata 

show considerable intra- and intercolonial 

differences in branch diameter and zooid size. 

Statistically significant variability occurs 

within colonies, between colonies within sites, 

and between sampled sites, while the presence 

of intracolonial variability clearly shows that 

branch diameter is largely controlled by 

environmental parameters. The three structural 

traits measured (branch diameter, zooid size 

and zooid depth) do not correlate, thus 

indicating a disconnection between the 

controls on overall zooid size and branch 

diameter. Possible environmental parameters 

that may have an influence on morphology are 

temperature, food supply or current energy. 

Whereas current energy has an effect on the 

colony branching pattern (branch spacing), 

there are indications that temperature may be 

the main, but not the only, parameter 

controlling zooid size, and it is suggested that 

food supply largely determines the branch 

diameter in M. truncata. However, the 

identification of the decisive factors and 

quantification of the relationships between 

environmental and morphological change is 

beyond the scope of this study. The results 

nevertheless show that, if the control factors 

of morphological variability can be 

ascertained in Recent M. truncata, this species 

may prove to be an indicator of environmental 

conditions and their change at different spatial 

and temporal scales in Cenozoic to Recent 

Mediterranean habitats. 

2009020249 

澳大利亚维多利亚一个第三纪 chaperiid 型 

苔藓虫 — 苔藓动物无囊亚目 Catenariopsis 

morningtoniensis = Catenariopsis 

morningtoniensis Maplestone (Bryozoa, 

Anasca) — a Tertiary chaperiid from Victoria. 

( 英文 ). Bock P E; Cook P L. Alcheringa, 1993, 

17(2): 153 - 157 

The bryozoan genus Catenariopsis was 

introduced for a single zooid of C. 

morningtoniensis Maplestone 1899, from the 

Tertiary of Victoria; subsequent material has 

been scanty and reported only once. The 

genus has been classified with the ascophoran 

family Catenicellidae and the anascan family 

Alysidiidae. Examination of relatively well 

preserved additional material from the 

Miocene of Victoria has shown that C. 

morningtoniensis may be assigned to the 

anascan family Chaperiidae. Catenariopsis is 

apparently closely related to the Recent genus 

Icelozoon of Antarctica and New Zealand 

2009020250 

南澳大利亚和维多利亚第三纪和现代苔藓 

动物唇口目新属 Quadriscutella = 

Quadriscutella gen. nov. (Bryozoa, 

Cheilostomata) from the Tertiary and Recent 

of Victoria and South Australia. ( 英文 ). Bock 

P E; Cook P L. Alcheringa, 1993, 17(2): 159 - 

171 

Quadriscutella gen. nov. is introduced for 

Q. papillata sp. nov., an erect, branching, 

nodal Recent species from South Australia, 

belonging to a complex of forms which is 

otherwise known only from Tertiary localities 

in Victoria and South Australia. The species 

complex, members of which have usually 

been known as 'Hippoporina burlingtoniensis', 

80

has been analysed and found to comprise five 

taxa: Q. papillata sp. nov., the Recent form, 

together with Q. burlingtoniensis (Waters) 

sensu stricto, Q. costata (Maplestone), Q. 

clavata (Maplestone), and Q. punctata sp. 

nov., all of which are known only as Tertiary 

fossils. The morphology of Quadriscutella has 

similarities with that of both Tropidozoum 

Harmer (1957) and Neoeuthryis Bretnall 

(1921), and the genus is therefore assigned 

with them to the family Euthyrisellidae 

Bassler. 

2009020251 

加拿大东部安提克斯提岛奥陶纪最晚期赫 

南特阶礁苔藓虫动物群 : 系统分类和化学 

地层 = A Hirnantian (latest Ordovician) reefal 

bryozoan fauna from Anticosti Island, eastern 

Canada: taxonomy and chemostratigraphy. ( 英 

文 ). Ernst A; Munnecke A. Canadian Journal 


2009020252 

意大利撒丁地区 Isili 灰岩一早中新世苔藓 

虫新种 : Favosipora ichnusae = A new Early 

Miocene bryozoan, Favosipora ichnusae sp. 

nov. (Cyclostomata), from the Isili Limestone 

of Sardinia, Italy. ( 英文 ). Toscano F; Taylor P 

D. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. 


301-308 

Originally described from the Recent of 

Australia, the genus Favosipora has not been 

previously recognised in the fossil record. It 

can be distinguished from rectangulate 

cyclostomes of similar overall morphology 

using the structure of the brood chamber, 

which in Favosipora is roofed by a 

pseudoporous exterior wall rather than the 

interior wall found in rectangulates such as 

'Lichenopora' and Disporella. 

2009020253 

已知最老的苔藓虫层位 ( 奥陶纪 ) = 

Horizon of the oldest known bryozoans 

(Ordovician). ( 英文 ). Zhang Sengui; Xia 

Fengsheng; Yan Huijun; Wang Zongzhe. 

Palaeoworld, 2009, 18(1): 67-73 

Among the six species of fossil bryozoans 

described by Xia et al. [Xia, F.S., Zhang, S.G., 

Wang, Z.Z., 2007. The oldest bryozoans: new 

evidence from the late Tremadocian (Early 

Ordovician) of East Yangtze Gorges. Journal 

of Paleontology 81 (6), 1308–1326] from the 

Fenghsiang Formation of the Chenjiahe 

section of Yichang and the Guanzhuangping 

section, Liujiachang Town of Songzi, the 

Yangtze Gorges, Nekhorosheviella nodulifera 

occurs in the pristinus Conodont Subzone 

(lower Subzone of deltifer Conodont Zone) 

and the five other species are associated with 

the conodont Paltodus deltifer deltifer and the 

graptolites Acanthograptus sinensis and A. 

erectoramus. Based on the conodonts and 

graptolites, this bryofauna stratigraphically 

corresponds to the A. sinensis Graptolite Zone 

or P. deltifer Conodont Zone. The bryofauna 

is of Tremadocian Age (Early Ordovician) and 

represents the oldest bryozoans so far as 

known 

腕足动物 

2009020254 

中国西北青海省南部早、中二叠世的一个 

新腕足动物群 = A new brachiopod fauna 

from the Early to Middle Permian of Southern 

Qinghai province, Northwest China. ( 英文 ). 

He W H; Shi G R; Bu J J; Niu Z J. Journal of 


A new brachiopod fauna is described from 

the Early and Middle Permian of Zadoi and 

Zhidoi counties, southern Qinghai (Changdu 

block), northwest China. This fauna includes 

13 species in nine genera with 

Spinomarginifera concentrica n. sp. and 

Transennatia waterhousei n. sp. The Early to 

Middle Permian brachiopod fauna from 

southern Qinghai is very similar to the 

contemporary Cathaysian faunas of South 

China with which the new fauna shares 70 per 

cent of its species. On the other hand, the 

Qinghai brachiopods also demonstrate a 

significant link with the Permian brachiopod 

fauna of the Sino-Mongolian-Japanese 

Province in northeast China, as suggested by 

Marginifera septentrionalis and Attenuatella. 

In particular, the occurrence of the bipolar 

brachiopod genus Attenuatella suggests that 

southern Qinghai may have played an 

important role as a biogeographic stepping 

stone in the marine faunal interchanges 

between the northern and southern 

hemispheres during the Early and Middle 

Permian. 

2009020255 

华南湖南南部晚二叠世乐平世吴家坪最早 

期的腕足类 - 它对前乐平统危机和乐平统复 

苏 / 辐射的指示意义 = Earliest 

Wuchiapingian (Lopingian, Late Permian) 

brachiopods in Southern Hunan, South China: 

implications for the Pre-Lopingian crisis and 

81

onset of Lopingian recovery/radiation. ( 英文 ). 

Shen S Z; Zhang Y C. Journal of 


The uppermost 5–15 m of the Douling 

Formation in the southern Hunan area, South 

China, yields a diverse fauna comprised of 

ammonoids, bivalves, and brachiopods. The 

brachiopods reported in this paper consist of 

51 species in 34 genera and are dominated by 

the Lopingian (Late Permian) species 

associated with a few species persisting from 

the underlying Maokouan (Late Guadalupian). 

This fauna is of earliest Wuchiapingian in age 

as precisely constrained by the associated 

conodont Clarkina postbitteri postbitteri and 

the Guadalupian-type ammonoid fauna of the 

Roadoceras-Doulingoceras Zone in the 

brachiopod horizon. The discovery of the 

Lopingian species-dominated brachiopod 

fauna in the earliest Wuchiapingian in 

southern Hunan suggests a much less 

pronounced effect of the pre-Lopingian crisis 

(end-Guadalupian mass extinction) than the 

end-Changhsingian mass extinction in terms 

of brachiopods, a contemporaneous onset of 

the Lopingian recovery/radiation during the 

pre-Lopingian crisis period, and taxonomic 

selectivity of the pre-Lopingian crisis in terms 

of different fossil groups. New taxa are 

Echinauris doulingensis n. sp., Pararigbyella 

quadrilobata n. gen. and n. sp. and P. 

doulingensis n. gen. and n. sp. 

2009020256 

小安的列斯群岛 Carriacou 地区中新世地 

层中以腕足类壳为主的地层的发现 = 

Generation of brachiopod-dominated shell 

beds in the Miocene rocks of Carriacou, 

Lesser Antilles. ( 英文 ). Harper D A T; 

Pickerill R K. Geological Journal, 2008, 43(5): 

573 - 581 

Brachiopod-dominated shell concentrations 

occur within the turbiditic rocks of the 

Miocene Grand Bay Formation on the 

Antillean island of Carriacou. The shells, 

mainly Tichosina, form dispersed and loose 

accumulations. Exceptional conditions on the 

deep-water flanks of submarine volcanic 

edifices encouraged the recruitment of large 

populations of Tichosina and the subsequent 

entrainment of the shells in gravity-driven 

deposits. The shells are a rare example, in the 

Caribbean Basin, of transported Archaic-type 

shell beds constructed by a taxonomic group 

more typical of the Palaeozoic fauna. 

2009020257 

哈萨克斯坦中部上奥陶统碳酸盐护堤扭月 

贝类和三重贝类腕足动物 = Strophomenid 

and triplesiid brachiopods from an Upper 

Ordovician carbonate mound in central 

Kazakhstan. ( 英文 ). Nikitin T F; Popov L E. 

Alcheringa, 1996, 20(1): 1 - 20 

Ten species of strophomenid and triplesiid 

brachiopods are described from the Late 

Ordovician (late Caradoc to early Ashgill) 

Dulankara Regional Stage of Central 

Kazakhstan. They represent part of a diverse 

brachiopod assemblage, which was discovered 

in the top of a carbonate mound in the 

northern Betpak-Dala Desert. This brachiopod 

assemblage includes mostly genera not 

recorded previously from contemporaneous 

deposits in Kazakhstan, although they may be 

related to the long-lived lineages which 

appeared in the area during Llanvirn or 

Llandeilo. New taxa are: the plectambonitoids 

Bandaleta plana gen. et sp. nov., Shlyginia 

perplexa sp. nov., Sortanella quinquecostata 

gen. et sp. nov., Anoptambonites subcarinatus 

sp. nov., Anisopleurella ampla sp. nov., 

Craspedelia roomusoksi sp. nov., and 

triplesioid Triplesia sortanensis sp. nov. 

2009020258 

摩洛哥 Dra 山谷 Siegenian 穿孔贝型腕足类 

一新种及其地层学、古地理学和系统发育 

意义 = A new Terebratulid Brachiopod 

species from the Siegenian of the Dra Valley, 

Morocco, and its stratigraphic, 

palaeogeographic and phylogenetic 

significance. ( 英文 ). Schemm-Gregory M. 


A new terebratulid brachiopod species, 

Rhenorensselaeria jansenii, has been identified 

in the Merzâ-Akhsaï Formation of the Dra 

Valley, Morocco, and the Grauwacke de 

Montguyon of the Amorican Massif, France. 

It is compared with the other known species of 

Rhenorensselaeria from Europe, Rh. strigiceps 

and Rh. demerathia, as well as with Rh. 

macgerriglei from North America, from which 

it differs in being larger and having coarser 

costae. Its possible life habit in clusters and its 

fossil community are compared with those of 

Rh. strigiceps from the Rheinisches 

Schiefergebirge ('Rhenish Slate Mountains'), 

Germany, which it most resembles. A new 

phylogeny of the subfamily 

Rhenorensselaerinae is constructed. The close 

phylogenetic relationship between Rh. jansenii 

and Rh. strigiceps confirms close 

palaeobiogeographical relationships between 

82

North Africa, France and the Rheinisches 

Schiefergebirge as well as a wider relationship 

between Central Europe and Gaspé, eastern 

Canada, during the Early Devonian. Taxa of 

Rhenorensselaeria are mainly restricted to the 

Middle and Upper Siegenian, although rare 

individuals have been found in the Lower 

Emsian of Central Europe and North America. 

Because of their abundance in the Dra Valley 

and Rheinisches Schiefergebirge and their 

short life span, rhenorensselaerid taxa can be 

regarded as important stratigraphical markers 

of Middle–Late Siegenian and Early Emsian 

sediments in North Africa and Central Europe. 

2009020259 

腕足动物 Terebratalia transversa 个体发育 

小生境转换 : 转动能力的丧失与异速生长 

的关系 = Ontogenetic niche shift in the 

brachiopod Terebratalia transversa: 

relationship between the loss of rotation 

ability and allometric growth. ( 英文 ). 

Tomaových A; Carlson S J; Labarbera M. 


Many articulated brachiopods experience 

marked life habit variations during ontogeny 

because they experience their fluid 

environment at successively higher Reynolds 

numbers, and they can change the 

configuration of their inhalant and exhalant 

flows as body size increases. We show that the 

extant brachiopod Terebratalia transversa 

undergoes a substantial ontogenetic change in 

reorientation governed by rotation around the 

pedicle. T. transversa's reorientation angle 

(maximum ability to rotate on the pedicle) 

decreases during ontogeny, from 180 degrees 

in juveniles to 10–20 degrees in individuals 

exceeding 5 mm, to complete cessation of 

rotation in individuals larger than 10 mm. 

Rotation ability is substantially reduced after 

T. transversa achieves the adult lophophore 

configuration and preferred orientation with 

respect to ambient water currents at a length 

of 2.5 – 5 mm. We hypothesize that the 

rotation angle of T. transversa is determined 

mainly by the position of ventral and dorsal 

points of attachment of dorsal pedicle muscles 

relative to the pedicle. T. transversa shows a 

close correlation between the ontogenetic 

change in reorientation angle and ontogeny of 

morphological traits that are related to points 

of attachment of dorsal pedicle muscles, 

although other morphological features can 

also limit rotation in the adult stage. The 

major morphological change in cardinalia 

shape and the observed reduction of rotation 

affect individuals 2.5–10 mm in length. The 

position of ventral insertions of dorsal pedicle 

muscles remains constant, but contraction of 

dorsal pedicle muscles is functionally 

handicapped because dorsal insertions shift 

away from the valve midline, rise above the 

dorsal valve floor, and become limited by a 

wide cardinal process early in ontogeny 

(10 mm). T. 

transversa attains smaller shell length in 

crevices than on exposed substrates. The 

proportion of small-sized individuals and 

population density is lower on exposed 

substrates than in crevices, indicating higher 

juvenile mortality on substrates prone to 

grazing and physical disturbance. The loss of 

reorientation ability can be a consequence of 

morphological changes that strengthen 

substrate attachment and maximize protection 

against biotic or physical disturbance (1) by 

minimizing torques around the pedicle axis 

and/or (2) by shifting energy investments into 

attachment strength at the expense of the cost 

involved in reorientation. 

2009020260 

神秘的早寒武世 salanygolina– 一个拥有肉 

茎的小嘴贝型 chileate 腕足类的类群 = 

The enigmatic early cambrian salanygolina– 

a stem group of rhynchonelliform chileate 

brachiopods. ( 英文 ). Holmer L E; Stolk S P; 

Skovsted C B; Balthasar U; Popov L. 


New material of the enigmatic brachiopod 

Salanygolina obliqua Ushatinskaya from the 

Early Cambrian of Mongolia shows that it has 

a colleplax – a triangular plate – in the 

umbonal perforation, which is enlarged by 

resorption. This structure is otherwise only 

known from the equally enigmatic Palaeozoic 

orders Chileida and Dictyonellida 

(Rhynchonelliformea, Chileata). The colleplax 

in Salanygolina is here considered to be 

homologous with that of the chileates. 

Salanygolina is also provided with a ridge-like 

pseudodeltidium, which is another chileate 

feature. Other characters of Salanygolina, like 

the radial arrangement of adductor muscle 

scars and postero-medially placed internal 

oblique muscles are characteristic of chileates, 

83

ut also found in the paterinates. In contrast, 

mixoperipheral dorsal valves with low 

rudimentary interareas are well known in 

paterinates, but not yet recorded from 

chileates. Thus, Salanygolina shows a mosaic 

combination of morphologic characters, 

known both from the paterinates and chileates, 

indicating that it may represent a stem group 

of the rhynchonelliform chileate brachiopods. 

The laminar phosphatic secondary shell of 

Salanygolina is composed of closely packed 

and nearly identical hexagonal prisms, 

oriented with their long axis normal to the 

laminae in a honeycomb pattern. The prism 

walls appear to have originally been 

composed of organic membranes and might 

represent precursors of the organic sheaths of 

calcite fibers that are typical of calcitic shells 

with a fibrous microstructure. 

2009020261 

伊朗北部早奥陶世腕足类 Billengsellide 和 

Orthide 演化及生物地理学的新见解 = 

Billengsellide and Orthide brachiopods: new 

insights into earliest Ordovician evolution and 

biogeography from northern Iran. ( 英文 ). 

Popov L E; Pour M G; Bassett M G; Kebria- 

Ee M. Palaeontology, 2009, 52(1): 35-52 

The eastern Alborz Mountains of Iran 

comprise a significant peri-Gondwanan 

terrane relevant to the early evolution of late 

Cambrian – early Ordovician brachiopods 

incorporated into the emerging benthic biota 

of the Paleozoic Evolutionary Fauna. A low 

diversity brachiopod assemblage from the late 

Tremadocian unit of the Lashkarak Formation 

contains six new species including the 

polytoechioideans Polytoechia and 

Protambonites and the orthoideans 

Paralenorthis, Ranorthis, Tarfaya and 

Xianorthis. The fauna preserves the earliest 

records of Polytoechia, unknown previously 

outside Laurentia and the Uralian margin of 

Baltica, and of Paralenorthis and Ranorthis, 

which were widespread along Gondwanan 

margins and in Baltica from the Floian 

(Arenig), plus Xianorthis, known hitherto only 

from the Floian of South China. The 

enigmatic Tarfaya has an impunctate shell 

fabric and setigerous perforations along the 

posterior margin, indicating placement within 

the Orthoidea in a new Family Tarfayidae. 

New species of Polytoechia, Protambonites, 

Paralenorthis, Ranorthis, Tarfaya, Xianorthis 

are described. 

2009020262 

二叠 - 三叠纪过渡期促进生存的分类群特 

征 —— 古生代腕足动物群向中生代腕足动 

物群的转换 = Taxon characteristics that 

promote survivorship through the Permian– 

Triassic interval: transition from the Paleozoic 

to the Mesozoic brachiopod fauna. ( 英文 ). 

Leighton L R; Schneider C L. 

Paleobiology, 2008, 34(1): 65-79 

Examination of organismal characteristics 

which promote survivorship through both 

background and mass extinctions may reveal 

general ecological principles potentially 

critical to modern conservation efforts. This 

study explores survivorship of brachiopods, a 

highly diverse and abundant Paleozoic clade, 

through the mid-Permian to mid-Triassic 

interval, which includes the greatest mass 

extinction in the history of metazoan life. This 

interval of time separates two of the major 

Phanerozoic evolutionary faunas. In this 

regard, survivorship across any one extinction 

during the interval would not have been 

relevant if the survivor went extinct shortly 

after the extinction event; surviving 

background extinction is as important as 

surviving a mass extinction. Similarly, taxa 

that survived but failed to rediversify also 

were not major elements of the Mesozoic 

evolutionary fauna. Thus, the analysis aims to 

analyze survivorship not just across a single 

extinction but across the entire mid-Permian to 

mid-Triassic; only survivors through the entire 

interval can be the ancestors of the Mesozoic 

clades. 

Fewer brachiopod genera survived the 

interval than did brachiopod clades, suggesting 

that pseudoextinction or insufficient sampling 

could be a problem in analyzing these 

extinctions; thus, survivorship analysis should 

be conducted at the clade level. Nine 

characteristics were examined for generic 

representatives of 20 North American 

brachiopod clades, five of which survived 

both Permian extinctions and the subsequent 

earliest Triassic transitional interval. 

Characteristics include both those that operate 

on global scales and those that operate on the 

higher-resolution scales of individuals and 

populations. 

Survivors were significantly smaller and 

occurred less frequently than victims. Mean 

diversity of communities in which survivors 

were present was significantly greater. The 

finding that rare taxa belonging to highdiversity 

communities were more likely to 

survive runs counter to traditional predictions. 

However, these results are consistent with 

84

ecent studies suggesting that higher diversity 

within a trophic level may create a buffer, as 

surviving taxa quickly occupy the vacant 

niche space of the victims. As size, abundance, 

and community diversity are all statistically 

related, the small size of survivors may be an 

artifact of reduced biovolume per taxon in a 

diverse community. 

No significant relationship exists between 

global-scale processes and survivorship of 

brachiopods through the mid-Permian to mid- 

Triassic. The results suggest that ecological 

processes can strongly influence global 

extinction patterns. 

2009020263 

类舌形贝腕足动物 Lingula adamsi 壳体中 

的矿物相 = Mineral phase in linguloid 

brachiopod shell: Lingula adamsi. ( 英文 ). 

Rohanizadeh R; LeGeros R Z. Lethaia, 2007, 

40(1): 61-68 

The linguloid brachiopod shell family has 

been the focus of several studies because of 

the similarity in the composition of the 

mineral phase of these shells to that of human 

bone. However, ultrastructural features of 

Lingula shells have not yet been fully 

demonstrated at high magnification using 

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 

and Electron Diffraction. Ultrastructural 

characterization of the mineral phase in 

Lingula shells will improve our understanding 

of the biomineralization processes and 

mineral/organic interaction in more complex 

systems such as in bone or in other human 

mineralized tissues. In this study, the mineral 

phase of Lingula adamsi was characterized 

using a combination of ultrastructural and 

crystallographic techniques. The results 

showed that L. adamsi shells consist of apatite 

crystals of varying size, shape, and orientation 

in different areas of the shell. The c-axis of 

apatite was parallel to the shell surface and 

crystals were organized in different laminae. 

Compared to trabecular bovine bone, L. 

adamsi shells demonstrated a higher 

crystallinity and a lower amount of carbonate 

and organic compounds. This study therefore 

demonstrated how dissimilar organic matrix 

between L. adamsi shell and trabecular bone 

can modify the ultrastructural characteristics 

of apatite crystals in these two biomineralized 

tissues. 

2009020264 

中奥陶世小嘴贝形腕足动物 ( 倾脊贝超科和 

多房贝超科 ) 最早期个体发育 —— 对腕足动 

物系统发生的意义 = Earliest ontogeny of 

Middle Ordovician rhynchonelliform 

brachiopods (Clitambonitoidea and 

Polytoechioidea): implications for brachiopod 

phylogeny. ( 英文 ). Popov L E; Egerquist E; 

Holmer L E. Lethaia, 2007, 40(1): 85-96 

New data on the earliest ontogeny of Mid- 

Ordovician Baltoscandian clitambonitoid 

(Apomatella, Neumania and Oslogonites) and 

polytoechioid (Antigonambonites and 

Raunites) brachiopods reveal significant 

differences in the life history of the taxa 

belonging to these two superfamilies. The 

Polytoechioidea and probably other members 

of the Billingsellida had planktotrophic larvae, 

in which the dorsal and ventral mantle lobes 

formed separately and without reversion. The 

'pedicle sheath' in Antigonambonites is 

secreted by a section of modified ventral 

mantle and thus this 'pedicle' is not 

homologous within the pedicle of 

rhynchonellate brachiopods. It is likely that 

polytoechioids and other members of the 

strophomenate clade had the same type of 

ontogeny and mode of attachment. In contrast, 

the ontogeny and mode of attachment of 

clitambonitoids are similar to that of recent 

rhynchonellates: their mantle lobes and both 

valves formed simultaneously, and the pedicle 

most likely formed from the larval pedicle 

lobe. Evidence for the lecithotrophic nature of 

clitambonitoid larva is discussed. This 

confirms that the Clitambonitoidea, unlike the 

Polytoechioidea, represents an ingroup within 

the Rhynchonellata. 

2009020265 

澳大利亚东部早石炭世 Schellwienella 

burlingtonensis 带的腕足动物 = 

Brachiopods of the Early Carboniferous 

Schellwienella burlingtonensis Zone in eastern 

Australia. ( 英文 ). Qian Wenlong; Roberts J. 

Alcheringa, 1995, 19(4): 255 - 289 

Brachiopods of the Early Carboniferous 

Schellwienella burlingtonensis Zone in New 

South Wales are systematically described. The 

zone contains at least 39 species referred to 30 

genera and 24 families. One genus and seven 

species are newly established, including 

Schuchertella oversbyi sp. nov., 

Angustispatulata campbelli gen. et sp. nov., 

Plectospira simplex sp. nov., Prospira 

maxwelli sp. nov., Crassumbo gresfordensis 

sp. nov., Actinoconchus rouchelensis sp. nov. 

and Hamburgia hillae sp. nov. The threefold 

subdivision of the zone is confirmed. The 

Swains Gully Section in the Werrie Syncline 

85

is reinstated as the reference for the Spirifer 

sol and base of the Schellwienella 

burlingtonensis Zones. Section 39 in the 

Rouchel Block is selected as a reference 

section for the middle part of the S. 

burlingtonensis Zone. The upper part of the 

zone is best represented by the Mt Richardson 

Section in the Gresford Block and Section 30 

in the Rouchel Block. The lower part of the 

zone is characterised by the first appearance of 

the nominate species, Kitakamithyris 

rouchelensis and Antiquatonia spinulicosta, 

which persist through the higher part of the 

zone; the middle part (the Pustula gracilis - 

Megachonetes alatus Subzone) by the first 

appearance of Pustula gracilis, Megachonetes 

alatus, Syringothyris texta, Kitakamithyris 

uniplicata, Spirifer (Mesochorispira) cf. 

grimesi and Crassumbo gresfordensis sp. nov.; 

and the upper part (the Marginatia 

patersonensis Subzone) by the first 

appearance of M. patersonenensis, 

Schuchertella cf. planumbona, Orthotetes 

australis, Brachythyris elliptica and Asyrinxia 

cf. lata 

2009020266 

华南桂林晚泥盆世 F-F 期之交腕足动物和 

Girvanella 耦合关系 = Coupling 

relationships between brachiopods and 

Girvanella during the Late Devonian F-F 

transition in Guilin, South China. ( 英文 ). Xu 

Ran; Gong Yiming; Zeng Jianwei. Science in 


1581-1588 

The abundance curves derived from area 

proportions of brachiopods and Girvanella in 

the thin sections from the Yangdi section, 

South China, exhibits complex relationships 

during the Late Devonian Frasnian-Famennian 

transition. The living activity of brachiopods 

such as grazing and borrowing did great 

damage to the growth of Girvanella. However, 

there was more to just a mere a survival 

competing relationship between them, 

Girvanella actually improved marine 

environments by oxygenating the dysoxic 

ambient sea-water through photosynthesis in 

the lower Kellwasser Horizon. Profited from 

this improvement brachiopods’ abundance 

increased subsequently and suppressed 

Girvanella again. Nonetheless, without 

Girvanella ’ s photosynthesis, brachiopods 

were wiped out by the farther anoxic 

environments in the upper Kellwasser Horizon. 

The complex relationships between 

Girvanella and brachiopods may be a key to 

unlocking the relationships between 

geomicrobes and metazoans in the geological 

overturn periods. 

2009020267 

华南二叠纪 Productida( 腕足类 ) 形态的演化 

模式 = Evolutionary patterns of Productida 

(Brachiopoda) morphology during the 

Permian in South China. ( 英文 ). Zhang Yang; 

He Weihong. Science in China Series D: 


The evolutionary patterns of Productida 

(brachiopod) morphology throughout the 

Permian show that while the percentage 

proportion of Productida (brachiopod) with 

strongly concentric and radial ornamentation 

declined from the Cisuralian to the 

Guadalupian, and then increased towards the 

Changhsingian via Wuchiapingian, the 

percentage proportion of Productida 

(brachiopod) with fine concentric and radial 

ornamentation distinctly increased from the 

Cisuralian to the Guadalupian, slightly 

declined towards the Wuchiapingian, and then 

increased towards the Changhsingian. From 

the Cisuralian to the Changhsingian, the 

percentage proportion of brachiopods with 

spinose ornamentation shows a persistent 

declining trend. The shell size generally 

indicates a miniaturization trend at species 

level during the Wuchiapingian to 

Changhsingian (including the transitional bed). 

These evolutionary patterns of brachiopod 

ornamentation and size are possibly related to 

the anoxia, food shortage, sea-level fluctuation, 

and change of substrate in the Permian 

(including the Permian-Triassic transitional 

interval) in South China. 

2009020268 

评述寒武纪乳孔贝类腕足动物属 Neotreta 

= Review of the Cambrian acrotretid 

brachiopod Neotreta. ( 英文 ). Popov L E; 

Berg-Madsen V; Holmer L E. 

Alcheringa, 1994, 18(4): 345 - 357 

The Cambrian acrotretid brachiopod 

Neotreta Sobolev 1976 is reviewed and reillustrated, 

based on new material of the type 

species, N. tumida Sobolev 1976, from the 

lower Upper Cambrian of Siberia; Neotreta 

orbiculata Koneva 1990, originally described 

from the Middle Cambrian of Kazakhstan, has 

been obtained from roughly coeval beds in 

Shropshire, England; Neotreta pusilla Koneva 

1986 was unavailable for study. Two new 

species, N. davidi and N. karagailensis, are 

86

described from Queensland, Australia, and 

Kirgizia, Central Asia respectively. 

2009020269 

喜马拉雅东部早二叠世腕足动物 = 

Brachiopoda from the Early Permian of the 

Eastern Himalaya. ( 英文 ). Singh T; Archbold 

N W. Alcheringa, 1993, 17(1`): 55 - 75 

Early Permian brachiopods are described 

from the Garu Formation of the eastern 

Himalaya. New species are Tivertonia 

tatamariensis, Costatumulus sahnii, Tomiopsis 

siangensis and Trigonotreta orientensis. The 

age of the fauna is reviewed with an early 

Sterlitamakian (Sakmarian) age being 

preferred. 

2009020270 

南澳大利亚早寒武世主要类群腕足动物 : 

Paterimitra 属的钙质体 = The scleritome of 

Paterimitra: an Early Cambrian stem group 

brachiopod from South Australia. ( 英文 ). 

Skovsted C B; Holmer L E; Larsson C M. 



1656 

Early Cambrian tommotiids are problematic 

fossil metazoans with external 

organophosphatic sclerites that have been 

considered to be basal members of the 

lophophorate stem group. Tommotiids are 

almost exclusively known from isolated or 

rarely fused individual sclerites, which made 

previous reconstructions of the actual 

organism highly conjectural. However, the 

recent discovery of the first articulated 

specimens of the tommotiid Eccentrotheca 

revealed a tubular sclerite arrangement 

(scleritome) that limited the possible life habit 

to sessile filter feeding and thus further 

supported a lophophorate affinity. Here, we 

report the first articulated specimens of a 

second tommotiid taxon, Paterimitra from the 

Early Cambrian of the Arrowie Basin, South 

Australia. Articulated specimens of 

Paterimitra are composed of two bilaterally 

symmetrical sclerite types and an unresolved 

number of small, asymmetrical and irregular 

crescent-shaped sclerites that attached to the 

anterior margin of the symmetrical sclerites. 

Together, the sclerites form an open cone in 

which the symmetrical sclerites are joined 

together and form a small posterior opening 

near the base of the scleritome, while the 

irregular crescent-shaped sclerites defined a 

broad anterior opening. The coniform 

scleritome of Paterimitra is interpreted to 

have attached to hard substrates via a pedicle 

that emerged through the small posterior 

opening (sometimes forming a tube) and was 

probably a sessile filter feeder. The scleritome 

of Paterimitra can be derived from the tubular 

scleritome of Eccentrotheca by modification 

of basal sclerites and reduction in tube height, 

and probably represents a more derived 

member of the brachiopod stem group with 

the paired symmetrical sclerites possibly 

homologous to brachiopod valves. 

2009020271 

化石和现代腕足动物门 = Brachiopoda: 

Fossil and Recent. ( 英文 ). Harper D A T; 

Long Sarah; Nielsen C. Fossils and Strata, 

Volume 54. Pages:336.Wiley-Blackwell 

Publishing Company.2009.978-1-4051-8664-3. 

This substantial volume showcases 35 of 

the presentations delivered at the 5th 

International Brachiopod Congress in 

Copenhagen. The brachiopod congresses are a 

focus for cutting-edge research in brachiopod 

palaeontology and neontology. The 

presentations from the Copenhagen Congress 

cover a wide range of material from basic 

morphology and taxonomy through advances 

in molecular phylogeny and ultrastructural 

studies to the biogeography and palaeoecology 

of the phylum. About 75% of the papers relate 

to fossil brachiopods and the rest to living 

forms The following fields are represented in 

the volume: Taxonomy/Morphology (25%), 

Ecology/Palaeoecology (35%) and 

Stratigraphy/Biogeography (20%), phylogeny 

(10%) and Biochemistry/Genetics (10%). The 

volume is beautifully illustrated throughout 

and the papers together represent an exciting 

snapshot of contemporary brachiopod research 

as it continues into the third millennium. 

2009020272 

匈牙利巴科尼山脉 Band 和 Devecser 地区 

巴登阶微体腕足类 = Badenian (Middle 

Miocene) micromorphic brachiopods from 

band and Devecser (Bakony Mountains, 

Hungary). ( 英文 ). Dulai A. Fragmenta 

Palaeontologica Hungarica, 2007, 24-25(): 1- 

13 

The described brachiopod assemblage 

comprises 3 micromorphic species belonging 

to two genera of Megathyrididae. Argyrotheca 

cordata and A. cuneata are relatively common 

members of the coral-bearing, diverse fauna at 

Band. The very limited Devecser material 

yielded isolated but well-preserved A. cordata 

and Megathiris deltruncata valves. All the 

87

three species are widespread in the Miocene of 

the Central Paratethys, as well as in the Recent 

seas. 

2009020273 

匈牙利外多瑙河区域侏罗纪腕足类 : 地层分 

布和多样性变化 = Jurassic brachiopods of 

the Transdanubian Range (Hungary); 

stratigraphical distribution and diversity 

changes. ( 英文 ). Voros A; Dulai A. 

Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica, 2007, 

24-25(): 51-68 

Several thousands brachiopod specimens 

have been collected from 7 different stages. 

The fauna shows a great diversification in the 

Hettangian to Pliensbachian interval, with a 

diversity peak reached in the late Sinemurian. 

This is consistent with the global recovery 

precess after the end-Triassic extinction. The 

Early Toarcian disappearnce of the 

brachiopods from the TR was apparently 

connected to the Tethyan anoxic event. 

软体动物 

2009020274 

Gastrochaena cuneiformis Spengler, 1783 

的特征以及双壳纲 Gastrochaenoidea 科 

Gastrochaena、Rocellaria 和 Lamychaena 

属的演化 = The identity of Gastrochaena 

cuneiformis Spengler,1783, and the evolution 

of gastrochaena, Rocellaria, and Lamychaena 

(Mollusca,Bivalvia,Gastrochaenoidea). ( 英文 ). 

Carter J G; Mcdowell T; Namboodiri N. 


117 11 图版 . 

The specimens of Gastrochaena 

cuneiformis Spengler, 1783, with Spenglerwritten 

labels at the Zoologisk Museum, 

Copenhagen, did not come from Spengler's 

type locality in the Nicobar Islands, and may 

instead be syntypes of Chemnitz's (1788) 

West Indies "Pholas hians". The identity of 

Gastrochaena cuneiformis as a senior 

synonym of Gastrochaena gigantea 

(Deshayes, 1830) is established on the basis of 

Spengler's original descriptions and 

illustrations, and by examination of specimens 

from the type locality. A neotype for G. 

cuneiformis is designated and illustrated, and 

its genus is revised to exclude Rocellaria 

Blainville, 1829, and Lamychaena Freneix in 

Freneix and Roman, 1979. Gastrochaena 

Spengler, 1783 is the most plesiomorphic of 

these three genera, as shown by its simple 

boring, short siphons, and diffuse, poorly 

differentiated anterior pedal muscles. 

Rocellaria evolved from a close common 

ancestor with Gastrochaena, and is 

characterized by a ventral shift and fusion of 

the posteroventral pallial sinus with the 

posteroventral pallial band, low, irregular 

posterior commarginal lamellae, and well 

defined anterior pedal retractor muscles 

generally supported by myophores. 

Lamychaena evolved from Rocellaria during 

the Oligocene, extending its ctenidia far 

posterior into the siphonal part of the boring, 

and, in some species, uniting its anterior pedal 

retractor and protractor muscles as they 

approach the byssus apparatus. 

2009020275 

加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省早侏罗世 

Hettangian 期菊石 Sunrisites 的三个新种 = 

Three new species of the Hettangian (Early 

Jurassic) ammonite Sunrisites from British 

Columbia, Canada. ( 英文 ). Longridge L M; 

Smith P L; Palfy J; Tipper H W. Journal of 


Most species of the middle and late 

Hettangian psiloceratid genus Sunrisites are 

endemic to the eastern Pacific, where they are 

common members of ammonoid assemblages. 

The Taseko Lakes map area in British 

Columbia yields diverse and well-preserved 

Sunrisites faunas which are formally described 

here for the first time. Three new species are 

recognized, S. brimblecombei, S. 

chilcotinensis, and S. senililevis. The new 

species require an extension of the 

morphological range of the genus to include 

forms that become moderately involute at 

large shell diameters. Signs of sexual 

dimorphism are apparent within all three new 

species of Sunrisites. This work extends the 

stratigraphic range of Sunrisites to include the 

latest Hettangian Rursicostatum Zone in North 

America. The distribution of Sunrisites 

suggests that the Hispanic Corridor, which 

linked the western Tethyan Ocean and the 

eastern Pacific, may have been open during 

the Hettangian. Furthermore, occurrences of 

the genus constrain the Hettangian position of 

several allochthonous terranes to the 

northeastern Pacific. 

2009020276 

加利福尼亚北部下白垩统渗油碳酸盐岩中 

腹足类 Neomphalidae 科 Retiskenea 属 () 

的两个新种 = Two new species of Retiskenea 

(Gastropoda: Neomphalidae) from Lower 

Cretaceous Hydrocarbon-seep carbonates of 

88

Northern California. ( 英文 ). Campbell K A; 

Peterson D E; Alfaro A C. Journal of 


Two new Mesozoic gastropod species, 

provisionally attributed to the minute (height 

< 5 mm) coiled neomphalid genus Retiskenea, 

are described from three geographically 

isolated, Early Cretaceous, hydrocarbon seepcarbonate 

sites at Wilbur Springs, Rice Valley, 

and Cold Fork of Cottonwood Creek, northern 

California (USA). A fourth paleo-seep locality 

at Paskenta, of probable Upper Jurassic age, 

also yielded a single specimen of a 

morphologically similar microgastropod that 

may be a neomphalid with affinities to the 

Lower Cretaceous specimens described herein. 

The limestone lenses are 2–260 m in length, 

1 – 5 m in diameter, and surrounded by 

forearc siliciclastics of bathyal turbidites or 

sedimentary serpentinites in the Upper 

Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous (Tithonian – 

Albian) Great Valley Group and its 

equivalents. The Lower Cretaceous 

microgastropods are tentatively placed in 

Retiskenea based on similar shell characters: 

size, globose shape, inflated reticulate 

protoconch, number and distinct inflation of 

the body whorls, and fine, prosocline 

sculpture of the final body whorl. The fossils 

occur in carbonate microbialites that formed 

in seafloor sediments during archaeal 

anaerobic oxidation of methane in the zone of 

bacterial sulfate reduction, associated with 

H2S- and CH4-rich fluid seepage. The 

California Retiskenea fossils commonly are 

found in gregarious clusters, or closely 

affiliated with thin worm tubes or, in one case, 

a larger gastropod. These Mesozoic records 

increase the total known species attributable to 

this cold-seep endemic genus from two to four. 

Its spatial and temporal distribution thus may 

have spanned 9,000 km around the Pacific 

Rim from at least 133 m.y. to the present in 10 

subduction-related seep sites from California 

(possibly Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous), 

Washington (middle Eocene – Upper 

Oligocene), and modern offshore Oregon, the 

eastern Aleutians, and the Japan Trench. If the 

generic placement of these microgastropod 

fossils is correct, the California records are the 

oldest-known occurrences of Retiskenea, 

consistent with an estimated minimum 

Mesozoic origin for the ‘ hot vent ’ 

Neomphalidae, as inferred from molecular 

analyses published on other living members of 

the family. 

2009020277 

内华达 New Pass 山脉南部峡谷 Carnian 阶 

下部 Desatoyense 带层型地区发现 

Ladinian 阶上部的菊石 = Discovery of 

Upper Ladinian Ammonoids at the type 

locality of the Lower Carnian desatoyense 

zone (South Canyon, New Pass Range, 

Nevada). ( 英文 ). Balini M. Journal of 


South Canyon, located in the New Pass 

Range in central Nevada (Fig. 1), is one of the 

most important localities for Upper Triassic 

marine invertebrates in North America. This 

site yields very rich ammonoid faunas, as well 

as cnidarians (Muller, 1936; Stanley, 1979; 

Roniewicz and Stanley, 1998), foraminifers 

(Gazdzicki and Stanley, 1983), bivalves 

(Waller and Stanley, 1998, 2005; Hopkin and 

McRoberts, 2003), and brachiopods. 

2009020278 

澳大利亚 Mississippian 亚纪两个帽贝以及 

它们对 Caenogastropoda 起源的意义 = 

Two Mississippian Caenogastropod limpets 

from Australia and their meaning for the 

ancestry of the Caenogastropoda. ( 英文 ). 

Cood A; N ü tzel A; Frýda J. Journal of 


Two new limpets with a caenogastropodtype 

larval shell are described from the 

Mississippian (Early Carboniferous) of 

Australia and assigned to Australoscutula n. 

gen. of the family Pragoscutulidae. This 

family has previously been reported only from 

the Early Devonian of Europe (Czech 

Republic, Prague Basin). Therefore, it 

survived the Late Devonian biotic crisis. The 

fact that one of the earliest certain 

caenogastropods has a patelliform shell is 

noteworthy given most other Middle to Late 

Paleozoic caenogastropods are high-spired or 

fusiform. Pragosutulidae are interpreted as an 

early patelliform caenogastropod offshoot 

derived from coiled ancestors. The 

Pragoscutulidae are the oldest gastropod 

limpets with well-preserved larval shells. 

Their teleoconch is entirely limpet-shaped 

without helicoid coiling. However, the 

helicoid turbiniform larval shells suggests that 

this group evolved from an ancestor with 

turbiniform or even high-spired adult shell. 

Moreover, the multi-whorled dextral larval 

shells show that Pragoscutulidae are 

Caenogastropoda and document that early 

89

Caenogastropoda displayed considerable 

disparity. . 

2009020279 

北美太平洋斜坡 Coniacian 期至 

Maastrichtian 期的腹足类 Volutidae 科 

Volutoderminae 亚科 = Volutoderminae 

(Gastropoda: Volutidae) of Coniacian through 

Maastrichtian age from the North American 

Pacific Slope. ( 英文 ). Saul L R; Squires R L. 


237 8 图版 . 

Specimens of the large, shallow-marine, 

volutid gastropod Volutoderma Gabb, 1877, 

herein recognized only from strata of Late 

Cretaceous (Coniacian through early 

Maastrichtian) age in British Columbia, 

Washington, California, and Baja California 

have commonly been identified as 

Volutoderma averillii (Gabb, 1864). This 

review of available specimens assigns them to 

two genera: Volutoderma and Longoconcha 

Stephenson, 1941. Twelve species, nine of 

them new, comprise three morphologic 

lineages of Volutoderma, i.e., 1) "Typical" 

includes V. querna n. sp., V. averillii (Gabb), 

V. blakei n. sp., V. jalama n. sp., V. perissa n. 

sp., and possibly Volutoderma n. sp.; 2) 

"Angelica" includes V. angelica n. sp., V. 

elderi n. sp., and V. ynezae n. sp.; and 3) 

"Magna" includes V. santana Packard, V. 

magna Packard, and perhaps V. antherena n. 

sp. A new species of Longoconcha, L. 

eumeka, is the first Pacific Slope record of this 

genus, which has a Gulf Coast and Tethyan 

Old World distribution. A smaller volutid, 

Retipirula Dall, 1907 is endemic to the study 

area and was formerly known only from its 

type species R. crassitesta (Gabb, 1869) of 

Paleocene age. Two new Retipirula are 

reported: R. calidula of latest Maastrichtian 

age and R. pinguis of Paleocene age. Only the 

Volutoderma lineage containing V. averillii 

has been found north of San Francisco. 

Recovery of rudist bivalves from formations 

yielding Volutoderma suggests that these 

volutes were warm-temperate to subtropical 

gastropods. Co-occurrences of these 

gastropods and rudistids may aid in placing 

the warm-temperate/subtropical boundary 

during the Late Cretaceous. 

2009020280 

墨西哥东北晚白垩世和古近纪的淡水腹足 

类 = Late Cretaceous and Paleogene 

freshwater Gastropods from Northeastern 

Mexico. ( 英文 ). Perrilliat M D C; Vega F J; 

Espinosa B; Naranjo-Garcia E. Journal of 


Twenty-three species of Campanian, 

Maastrichtian, Paleocene, and Eocene 

freshwater gastropods from northeastern 

Mexico are described, including eight new 

species: Viviparus mcbridei, Pachychilus 

(Pachychiloides) lawtoni, Melanoides 

(Melanoides) yolandae, Melanoides 

(Melanoides) wollebeni, Physa cepedaensis, 

Mesolanistes magnus, Mesolanistes murrayi, 

and Gyraulus zoltani. Specimens were 

collected from fine-grained, green sandstone 

and mudstone, red mudstone, and as 

hematized remains in fine light-brown 

sandstones belonging to the following 

stratigraphic units of northeastern Mexico: 

Cerro del Pueblo (Campanian, Parras Basin), 

Olmos (Maastrichtian, Sabinas Basin), Las 

Encinas (Paleocene, Parras Basin), and 

Carroza (Eocene, La Popa Basin) Formations. 

All except two of the genera (Pyrgulifera and 

Mesolanistes) have recent representatives. 

Review of habitats of living species of the six 

extant genera and interpretations of sample 

lithologies support the inference of 

dominantly freshwater paleoenvironments. 

Only one Maastrichtian locality is interpreted 

confidently to have had a brackish water 

influence. 

2009020281 

加拿大哥伦比亚省双壳类 Buchiidae 科 

Buchia 属的新种兼论 Buchiid 的两极分布 

= A new species of Buchia (Bivalvia: 

Buchiidae) from British Columbia, Canada, 

with an analysis of Buchiid bipolarity. ( 英文 ). 

Grey M; Haggart J W; Smith P L. Journal of 


Critical reinvestigation of the bivalve 

Buchia cf. blanfordiana Jeletzky, 1965 from 

the Upper Jurassic of western British 

Columbia indicates that it is morphologically 

distinct from B. blanfordiana Stoliczka, 1866 

of the Indo-Pacific region. We analyzed 

collections from relatively coeval sections 

containing multiple buchiid species from the 

Northern and Southern Hemispheres and used 

ten morphological characters to describe 

Buchia shell shape and size. We tested for 

taxonomic differences on left and right valves 

using a traditional morphometric approach 

with both linear and angular measurements 

and Fourier (outline) analyses. Phenetic 

discrimination revealed considerable overlap 

in the morphospace, but high classification 

90

ates between the two groups when compared 

with a step-wise discriminant analysis. This 

study supports the retention of the Indo- 

Pacific genera Australobuchia Zakharov, 1981 

and Malayomaorica Jeletzky, 1963 and 

confirms that Buchia (=Australobuchia) 

blanfordiana is restricted to the Southern 

Hemisphere. Consequently, we propose the 

new name Buchia columbiana n. sp. for 

material assigned to Buchia cf. blanfordiana 

Jeletzky, 1965. Our results have implications 

for bipolarity and migration of the genus 

Buchia, supporting previous suggestions that 

buchiids formerly identified as Buchia from 

the Southern Hemisphere should be grouped 

as a separate genus. 

2009020282 

早寒武世的齿舌 = An Early Cambrian 

Radula. ( 英文 ). Butterfield N J. Journal of 


Microscopic teeth isolated from the early 

Cambrian Mahto Formation, Alberta, Canada, 

are identified as components of a molluscan 

radula, the oldest on record. Tooth-rows are 

polystichous and lack a medial rachidian 

tooth-column. Anterior-posterior differences 

in tooth-row morphology are interpreted as 

ontogenetic and correspond broadly to the 

diversity of isolated teeth, some of which 

correspond closely with those of extant 

aplacophoran molluscs. Associated pockmarked 

cuticular fragments are interpreted as 

having supported multiple biomineralized 

sclerites/spines in the manner of a modern 

chiton girdle. On the assumption that the 

cuticle and radula derive from the same 

species, there is a strong case for identifying 

this fossil as an aculiferan (aplacophoran + 

polyplacophora) mollusc, possibly a stemgroup 

chiton. Similarities between the Mahto 

radula and the feeding apparatus of Wiwaxia 

and Odontogriphus are shown to be 

superficial. Terminal wear on some of the 

Mahto teeth indicate that they were used to 

scrape hard-substrates. 

2009020283 

三叠纪双壳动物 Mysidiellidae 科和新科 

Healeyidae 的分类和系统发生 = Taxonomy 

and phylogeny of the Triassic bivalve 

Families Mysidiellidae Cox, 1964 and 

Healeyidae New Family. ( 英文 ). Hautmann M. 


564 7 图版 . 

The Mysidiellidae are morphologically 

isolated among Triassic bivalves but share 

important characters with Late Paleozoic 

Ambonychioidea. Apart from a great 

similarity in the general shape of the shell, the 

most primitive mysidiellid genus 

Promysidiella resembles ambonychioids in the 

presence of a duplivincular-opisthodetic 

ligament system. Within the Mysidiellidae, 

this ligament type evolved into the transitional 

ligament system that characterizes Late 

Triassic Mysidiella. The phyletic polarity 

indicates that this evolution probably took 

place by paedomorphosis. New examinations 

of the shell microstructure of Mysidiella 

demonstrate the presence of simple prismatic 

and possibly foliated structures in the calcitic 

outer shell layer, which further supports an 

ambonychioid affinity. Therefore, the 

Mysidiellidae are removed from the 

Mytiloidea and assigned to the 

Ambonychioidea. The poorly known genus 

Protopis, which was originally included in the 

Mysidiellidae, probably had a parivincular 

ligament system and was hence a member of 

the Heteroconchia. Joannina, which was 

previously considered a junior synonym of 

Protopis, is re-established. The hinge margin 

of Joannina carries a well developed nymph 

but lacks teeth. These characters as well as its 

modioliform shape, anterior shell lobe, and 

pronounced diagonal carina link Joannina 

with the Late Triassic genus Healeya 

(Modiomorphoidea). Both taxa are herein 

placed in the new family Healeyidae, which 

differs from the morphologically similar 

Kalenteridae in the absence of elaborated 

hinge teeth. Protopis, as well as the recently 

described genera Leidapoconcha, Waijiaoella, 

and Qingyaniola, are tentatively assigned to 

the Healeyidae. 

2009020284 

加拿大 Yukon 省 Royal Creek 地区早泥盆 

世新的 Porcellioidean 类腹足类 = New 

Porcellioidean Gastropods from Early 

Devonian of Royal Creek area, Yukon 

Territory, Canada, with notes on their early 

phylogeny. ( 英文 ). Frýda J; Blodgett R B; 

Lenz A C; Manda Š . Journal of 


This paper presents a description of new 

gastropods belonging to the superfamily 

Porcellioidea (Vetigastropoda) from the richly 

diverse Lower Devonian gastropod fauna of 

the Road River Formation in the Royal Creek 

area, Yukon Territory. This fauna belongs to 

91

Western Canada Province of the Old World 

Realm. The Pragian species Porcellia 

(Porcellia) yukonensis n. sp. and Porcellia 

(Paraporcellia) sp. represent the oldest 

presently known members of subgenera 

Porcellia (Porcellia) and Porcellia 

(Paraporcellia). Their simple shell 

ornamentation fits well with an earlier 

described evolutionary trend in shell 

morphology of the Porcellinae. Late Pragian 

to early Emsian Perryconcha pulchra n. gen. 

and n. sp. is the first member of the 

Porcellioidea bearing a row of tremata on 

adult teleoconch whorls. The occurrence of 

this shell feature in the Porcellioidea is 

additional evidence that the evolution of the 

apertural slit was much more complicated than 

has been proposed in classical models of 

Paleozoic gastropod evolution. 

2009020285 

阿拉斯加东南部和中西部志留纪腹足类 = 

Silurian gastropoda from southeastern and 

West-Central Alaska. ( 英文 ). Rohr D M; 

Blodgett R B; Frýda J. Journal of 


Additional Silurian (Ludlovian) gastropods 

are described from the Heceta Formation in 

the Alexander terrane on Prince of Wales 

Island, southeastern Alaska. Species include 

Spinicharybdis krizi n. sp., Spinicharybdis 

boucoti n. sp., Morania wagneri n. sp., 

Haplospira craigi n. sp., Australonema sp., 

Pachystrophia cf. gotlandica 

(Lindström,1884), and Medfrazyga gilmulli n. 

sp. An additional new Silurian species, 

Morania nixonforkensis n. sp., is described 

from the Nixon Fork subterrane of the 

Farewell terrane of west-central Alaska. The 

spine-bearing Spinicharybdis is placed into a 

new subfamily Spinicharybdiinae together 

with Hystricoceras Jahn, 1894. Joint 

occurrences of genera Beraunia, Coelocaulus, 

and Morania, as well as members of 

subfamily Spinicharybdiinae in the gastropod 

fauna from the Heceta Formation, support its 

close relationship with gastropod fauna of 

Bohemia. Additionally, the occurrence of the 

genus Medfrazyga suggests a faunal link 

between the Alexander and Farewell terranes 

of Alaska. Medfrazyga gilmulli n. sp. is the 

oldest known and the only early Paleozoic 

member of the family Palaeozygopleuridae. 

2009020286 

萨拉乌苏河流域 MGS3 地层段腹足类动物 

化石及它们的气候环境意义 = Fossil 

gastropods from the MGS3 stratigraphic 

segment in the Salawusu River Valley and 

their climatic and environmental implications. 

( 英文 ). Li Baosheng; Chen Deniu; Zhang D D; 

Wen Xiaohao; Qiu Shifan; Ou Xianjiao; Du 

Shuhuan; Niu Dongfeng; Yang Yi; Ye 

Jianping; Guo Yunhai. Science in China 

Series D: Earth Sciences, 2008, 51(3): 339- 

348 

Contemporaneous with MIS3, the MGS3 

segment of the Milanggouwan stratigraphic 

section in the Salawusu River Valley, Mu Us 

Desert, China contains fossil gastropods 

(terrestrial and freshwater snails) in strata 

33LS, 35LS, 37FL and 39LS. Examination of 

these fossils revealed 11 species belonging to 

8 families and 10 genera. They can be 

classified as: (1) assemblage of Gyraulus and 

Galba mainly consisting of Gyraulus 

convexiusculus, Gyraulus sibiricus, Galba 

pervia and Galba superegra Gredler, etc. (2) 

assemblage of Vallonia mainly consisting of 

terrestrial snails, such as Vallonia patens, 

Pupilla muscorum and Discus paupe, etc. 

Based on the dating results, and the living 

habits, living conditions, and geographic 

distribution of their extant species, we suggest 

that: the ages of 33LS, 35LS, 37FL, and 39LS 

are 26000, 29000, 33000 and 38000 a, 

respectively, corresponding well to the 

interstadial period in GRIP 4, 5, 6 and 10 in 

terms of chronology and climatic characters; 

33LS, 35LS and 39LS represent very warmhumid 

periods, while 37FL represents a less 

warm-humid period; the four periods of 

climatic fluctuations recorded in MGS3 were 

related to the strong impact of the summer 

monsoon in East Asia in Mu Us Desert of 

China during the interstadial of MIS3 on a 

global climatic background. 

2009020287 

三角旋卷的晚泥盆世菊石 Wocklumeria 及 

其相关属的壳几何形态和个体发育轨迹 = 

Conch geometry and ontogenetic trajectories 

in the triangularly coiled Late Devonian 

ammonoid Wocklumeria and related genera. 

( 英文 ). Ebbighausen V; Korn D. Neues 


Abhandlungen, 2007, 244(1): 9-41 

Both genera are closely related, as indicated 

by a number of characters regarding conch 

geometry, ornament, and suture line. Some of 

the peculiar conch characters, including adult 

modifications, such as pening of the umbilicus, 

a terminal constriction, lateral narrowing of 

the mature aperture, and extreme septal 

92

crowding that is paralleled by the loss of 

suture characters can be seen in Wocklumeria. 

Wocklumeria sphaeroides and Wocklumeria 

denckmanni are distinguished on the base of 

degree of triangular coiling in intermediate 

whorls. Wocklumeria oblivia n. sp. and 

Wocklumeria boulmanensis n. sp. are newly 

described from the Anti-Atlas of Morocco. 

2009020288 

德国东部中新世 Berzdorf 盆地的珠蚌双壳 

类 : 系统分类评述及其古生态和古气候意义 

= Unionoid bivalves from the Miocene 

Berzdorf Basin (eastern Germany): taxonomic 

remarks and implications for palaeoecology 

and palaeoclimatology. ( 英文 ). Scholz H; 

Tietz O; Buchner J. Neues Jahrbuch fur 


Abhandlungen, 2007, 244(1): 43-51 

For the first time, unionoid bivalves from 

the Miocene lignite mines of eastern Germany 

are described. Margaritifera flabellata from 

the Lower Miocene of the Berzdorf Basin is 

represented by four specimens. They inhabited 

the channel of a meandering river. M. 

flabellata from Berzdorf is the third 

occurrence of this species outside the Alpine 

Molasse Basin. The dispersion of these 

bivalves in the Miocene of Central Europe is 

indicative of the warming during the Miocene 

Climatic Optimum. 

2009020289 

埃及西沙漠区域 Abu Roash 地区上赛诺 

曼 - 土仑阶辐射蛤科新的系统分类和生物地 

层数据 = New taxonomic and biostratigraphic 

data on the Upper Cenomanian-Turonian 

Radiolitidae (Bivalva: Hippuritoidea) of Abu 

Roash, Western Desert, Egypt. ( 英文 ). El- 

Hedeny M M. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. 


79-98 

The Rudistae Series of Abu Roash of Egypt 

contains abundant radiolitid bivalves that are 

described herein in detail. Four species are 

documented for the first time in the studied 

area. Stratigraphically, the Rudistae Series can 

be subdivided into three distinct stratigraphic 

units. 

2009020290 

亚洲东北部三迭纪菊石 : 多样性和演化阶 

段 = Triassic ammonoids of Northeast Asia: 

Diversity and evolutionary stages. ( 英文 ). 

Konstantinov A G. Stratigraphy and 


The history of Triassic ammonoids in the 

Siberian Province of the Boreal 

Paleobiogeographic Realm is recorded in 

detail in sections of Northeast Asia. In this 

region there are known at present 123 Triassic 

ammonoid genera of 41 family and 3 orders. 

Six stages and 14 substages are defined based 

on main levels of taxonomic restructuring of 

Triassic ammonoids, changes in their genera 

and families diversity, and changes in 

percentage of endemic and cosmopolitan taxa 

in assemblages. Each stage and substage is 

characterized by individual taxonomic 

composition of ammonoids, dominant groups, 

trends of changes in taxonomic diversity, and 

percentages of endemic and cosmopolitan taxa. 

Boundaries of ammonoid evolution stages 

coincide as a rule with boundaries of series 

and stages, whereas boundaries of 

evolutionary substages match those of 

substages. In the history of Triassic 

ammonoids of Northeast Asia, the periods of a 

rather monotonous fauna represented mainly 

by cosmopolitan or panboreal taxa (early 

Induan, early Olenekian, early Anisian, late 

Anisian, early Carnian, early and middle 

Norian) alternated with periods, typical of 

which were higher rates of taxa origination 

and endemism of ammonoids (late Induan, 

late Olenekian, middle Anisian, Ladinian, late 

Carnian). Changing degree of cosmopolitism 

and endemism of Triassic ammonoid faunas 

from Northeast Asia is shown to be connected 

with global eustatic sea-level fluctuations and 

climatic changes. 

2009020291 

南澳大利亚中中新世腹足类宝贝科二个新 

的宝贝类 = Two new cowries (Gastropoda: 

Cypraeidae) from the middle Miocene of 

South Australia. ( 英文 ). Yates A M. 

Alcheringa, 2008, 32(4): 353-364 

The South Australian specimens of the 

cypraeids Umbilia leptorhyncha (McCoy, 

1877) and Lyncina (Austrocypraea) contusa 

(McCoy, 1877) are re-examined. Umbilia 

caepa sp. nov. differs from U. leptorhyncha in 

its smaller size, more strongly pyriform shape, 

weaker and less extensive apertural dentition, 

plate-like columellar margin of the posterior 

canal and more extensive basal flanges. True 

U. leptorhyncha is also recorded from the 

Cadell Formation of South Australia, 

demonstrating that the two species were 

sympatric in the Murray Basin. The specimens 

93

originally referred to Cypraea contusa var. 

from the Cadell Formation have had a 

confusing taxonomic history and they are here 

named as a new species Lyncina 

(Austrocypraea) cadella sp. nov. The new 

species differs from true L. (A.) contusa in its 

smaller size, less extensive malleations of the 

dorsal surface, fewer apertural teeth and a 

projecting internal margin of the fossula. 

These two new species boost a small but 

growing list of species that were endemic to 

the Murray Basin during the middle Miocene 

2009020292 

钻木双壳类的最老记录 = Oldest record of 

wood-boring bivalves. ( 英文 ). Vahldiek B-W; 

Schweigert G. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. 


261-271 

Borings occurring in fossil driftwood are 

described from the basal Upper Pliensbachian 

of the northern foreland of the Harz 

Mountains. They belong to the ichnotaxon 

Teredolites Leymerie, 1842 and represent the 

hitherto worldwide stratigraphically oldest 

record of wood-borings produced by bivalves. 

A possible relationship between the 

appearance of wood-boring bivalves and the 

extinction of pseudoplanktic crinoids attached 

to driftwood is discussed, but seems unlikely. 

2009020293 

希腊上上新统一个双瓣壳的腹足动物新种 

Candinia lakoniae 及简评 Juliidae 科的地 

质延限和地理分布 = A new bivalved 

gastropod, Candinia lakoniae n. sp. 

(Sacoglossa: Juliidae) from the Upper 

Pliocene of Greece (Glykovrysi, SE 

Peloponnese and Lardos, Rhodes), with a 

short survey of the geological range and 

geographic distribution of the family. ( 英文 ). 

Schneider S; Hochleither R; Janssen R. Neues 


Abhandlungen, 2008, 247(1): 79-91 

These fossils represent the first account for 

a member of the subfamily Juliinae that 

thrives under temperate climatic conditions. 

The new species stands at the end of an 

evolutionary lineage in Candinia, and is only 

the third species known in that genus. It is 

assumed that the family Juliidae originated 

from the Palaeogene Anglo-Gallian Domain 

and has expanded over the tropical-subtropical 

oceans during the Neogene. The genus 

Candinia is restricted to the Miocene/Pliocene 

Mediterranean and Paratethys areas. 

2009020294 

意大利白云岩区的安尼期双壳类 = Anisian 

(Middle Triassic) bivalves from the Dolomites 

(Italy). ( 英文 ). Posenato R. Neues Jahrbuch 


Abhandlungen, 2008, 247(1): 93-115 

Anisian bivalves from the Dont Formation 

are here figured and described for the first 

time. Most of the individuals were found in 

the fossil-lagerstatte of Monte Pra della 

Vacca/Kuhwiesenkopf, a deposit containing a 

transported assemblage composed of abundant 

and well diversified terrestrial plants and 

marine nektonic and benthonic taxa, which 

accumulated in a basinal environment. 

Thirteen bivalve species are classified here. 

The most common, long ranging species are 

Mysidioptera cainalloi, Neomorphotis compta, 

Entolium discites and Neoschizodus sp. 

Others, such as Plagiostoma striatum and 

Pseudoplacunopsis fissistriata, have been 

found only in the plant bearing deposit, or in a 

fossiliferous horizon located in the upper part 

of the formation. 

2009020295 

对化石记录演化模式的评估及其层序分支 

系统学 : 来自菊石 Semiformiceras 属的一 

个例子 = Stratocladistics and evaluation of 

evolutionary modes in the fossil record: An 

example from the Ammonite Genus 

Semiformiceras. ( 英文 ). Pardo J D; 

Huttenlocker A K; Marcot J D. 


At least two predominating modes of 

evolution have been proposed for the Early 

Tithonian oppeliid ammonite genus 

Semiformiceras, including phyletic 

transformation of a single lineage (S. 

darwini – S. semiforme – S. fallauxi) and, 

most recently, a bifurcating or cladogenetic 

model of speciation. We discuss 

methodological obstacles in past studies that 

have focused on specific modes of evolution, 

and offer a reanalysis of the morphological 

data first presented by Cecca and Rouget 

[Palaeontology, 49, 1069 – 1080] using the 

stratocladistic software StrataPhy. The present 

analysis utilizes 11 ammonite taxa and 15 

characters (14 morphological and one 

stratigraphic) and assesses all previous 

phylogenetic hypotheses, including those that 

recruit OTUs in ancestral or 'nodal' positions, 

without excluding evolutionary modes. The 

results cast doubt on the monophyly of S. 

darwini, S. semiforme and S. fallauxi, but do 

94

not follow completely the direct anagenetic 

progression proposed by stratophenetic 

hypotheses. We conclude that stratocladistics 

is a helpful tool for elucidating the extent of 

anagenesis and cladogenesis in extinct 

lineages owing to its capacity to reconstruct 

phylograms in their temporal framework, and 

to assess the distinctness and monophyly, not 

just of clades but of the OTUs themselves. 

Ultimately, this study addresses the novel 

utility of computer-assisted stratocladistic 

analysis in assessing evolutionary modes 

beyond the reach of traditional cladistic-based 

methodologies. 

2009020296 

墨西哥东北部 Vallecillo 晚白垩世古章鱼属 

( 头足纲 : 箭鞘亚纲 ) 一新种及其在章鱼目 

演化中的意义 = A new Palaeoctopus 

(Cephalopoda: Coleoidea) from the late 

Cretaceous of Vallecillo, North-eastern 

Mexico, and implications for the evolution of 

Octopoda. ( 英文 ). Fuchs D; Ifrim C; 

Stinnesbeck W. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(5): 

1129-1139 

Palaeoctopus pelagicus sp. nov. is 

described from the early Turonian Vallecillo 

Limestone in north-eastern Mexico. The 

species represents the first record of a fossil 

octopod from the Americas and the second 

species of the genus Palaeoctopus. The 

holotype and only known specimen preserves 

one half of an originally bipartite gladius 

vestige. Soft parts are not preserved. The 

gladius vestige is distinguished from P. 

newboldi from the Santonian Limestone of 

Lebanon by the arrangement of fields, 

striation and reinforcements. The new material 

supports previous ideas suggesting that the 

paired stylets of modern Octopoda evolved 

through gradual reduction of a Teudopsis-like 

gladius via a transitional stage similar to 

Palaeoctopus. The origin of Octopoda and 

Cirroctopoda likely dates back to a period 

between the Toarcian (180 Ma) and the early 

Turonian (93 Ma). Palaeoecological 

conditions in the Vallecillo ocean suggest that 

P. pelagicus sp. nov. inhabited the pelagic 

shelf. Hostile low oxygen conditions on the 

sea floor exclude a benthic mode of life for P. 

pelagicus sp. nov. 

2009020297 

华南广西西北部和贵州南部早三叠世格里 

斯巴赫亚期及亭纳尔亚期菊石动物群 = 

Griesbachian and Dienerian (Early Triassic) 

Ammonoid faunas from northwestern 

Guangxi and Southern Guizhou (South China). 

( 英文 ). Brühwiler T; Brayard A; Bucher H; 

Kuang Guodun. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(5): 

1151-1180 

Intensive sampling of the Luolou 

(northwestern Guangxi) and the Daye 

(southern Guizhou) Formations in South 

China leads to the recognition of a regional 

Griesbachian and Dienerian ammonoid 

succession for this key palaeobiogeographical 

area. The new biostratigraphical sequence 

comprises the upper Griesbachian 'Ophiceras 

beds' and the lower Dienerian 'Proptychites 

candidus beds', which are separated from the 

uppermost Dienerian 'Clypites beds' by an 

unfossiliferous interval. These faunas contain 

some taxa with wide geographic distribution 

(e.g. Ambites, Pleurambites, Pleurogyronites, 

Proptychites candidus), thus facilitating 

correlation with faunal successions from other 

regions (i.e. British Columbia, Canadian 

Arctic, Himalayas and South Primorye). Two 

new genera (Jieshaniceras and Shangganites) 

and three new species (Anotoceras 

subtabulatus, Pleurambites radiatus and 

Shangganites shangganense) are described. 

2009020298 

西北欧三叠纪 — 侏罗纪双壳类化石记录的 

质量 = Quality of the Triassic – Jurassic 

Bivalve fossil record in Northwest Europe. ( 英 

文 ). Mander L; Twitchett R J. 


The quality of the Triassic – Jurassic 

bivalve fossil record in northwest Europe has 

been measured using the Simple 

Completeness Metric (SCM). The SCM has 

been applied to the fossil record of total 

bivalve diversity and to the records of 

different ecological guilds. The Westbury and 

Lilstock Formations record high SCM values 

for most ecological groups. The 'Pre-Planorbis 

Beds' of the lower Lias Group, however, 

witness a precipitous decline in the 

completeness of most guilds and emigration of 

taxa due to localized marine anoxia is a likely 

cause. Neither variation in lithofacies, shell 

mineralogy, sedimentary rock outcrop area, 

nor sequence architecture can convincingly 

explain the observed patterns of completeness. 

Our SCM data reveal that the Early Jurassic 

fossil record of infaunal suspension-feeding 

bivalves is significantly poorer than that of 

epifaunal bivalves. Any differences in the 

apparent Rhaetian extinction rates between 

these two guilds should therefore be viewed 

with caution. Analyses of selectivity during 

95

the Late Triassic mass extinction based on 

studies of global databases appear robust in 

light of our SCM data. Nevertheless, future 

investigations of the Triassic – Jurassic 

benthic marine ecosystem undertaken at a 

finer-resolution, may need to account for the 

poor quality of the Early Jurassic fossil 

records of certain ecological guilds, such as 

the infaunal suspension-feeding taxa. 

2009020299 

Stephen Hislop 及其于 1860 年用拉丁语描 

述的印度德干高原白垩纪陆相软体动物新 

种 = Stephen Hislop and his 1860 Cretaceous 

continental molluscan new species 

descriptions in latin from the Deccan Plateau, 

India. ( 英文 ). Hartman J H; Erickson D N; 

Bakken A. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(6): 1225- 

1252 

In 1860, Stephen Hislop published a datarich 

document on the infra- and intertrappean 

strata of the Deccan Plateau of central India, 

along with numerous new taxa of continental 

and marine molluscs. His scholarship 

interestingly blended antiquated, 

contemporary, and ahead-of-his-time 

palaeontological methods. Although his work 

established a completely adequate foundation 

upon which to build future end-Cretaceous 

Deccan molluscan studies, effectively no 

substantive work ensued, with only incidental 

subsequent reference to his effort. 

2009020300 

黎巴嫩 Hâkel 和 Hâdjoula 晚白垩世 ( 赛诺 

曼阶上部 ) 新的八腕目头足类 ( 头足纲 : 

箭鞘亚纲 ) = New Octopods (Cephalopoda: 

Coleoidea) from the late Cretaceous (Upper 

Cenomanian) of Hâkel and Hâdjoula, Lebanon. 

( 英文 ). Fuchs D; Bracchi G; Weis R. 


Three previously unknown octopods are 

described from Upper Cenomanian limestones 

of the Hâqel and Hâdjoula localities 

(Lebanon). Keuppia levante gen. nov., sp. 

nov., Keuppia hyperbolaris gen. nov,. sp. nov. 

and Styletoctopus annae gen. nov, . sp. nov. 

are regarded as the earliest representatives of 

the Octopoda (= Incirrata). This assumption is 

mainly based on their medially isolated 

bipartite gladius vestige. As can be inferred 

from growth increments, Keuppia gen. nov. 

can be distinguished from the genus 

Palaeoctopus by blades that grow forwards 

along their longitudinal axis. The gladius 

vestige of Keuppia hyperbolaris sp. nov. 

differs from that of Keuppia levante sp. nov. 

in having a more heterogeneous course of 

growth lines. Based on a pair of widely 

separated stylets, which closely resemble the 

rods of modern octopods, Styletoctopus annae 

gen. nov., sp. nov. is assigned to the Recent 

family Octopodidae. Peculiar encrustations, 

which are situated in close association with 

the gladius vestiges of Keuppia levante sp. 

nov., Keuppia hyperbolaris sp. nov., and 

Styletoctopus annae sp. nov. are interpreted as 

basal fin cartilages. The gladius vestige 

morphology of Keuppia hyperbolaris sp. nov. 

and Keuppia levante sp. nov. opens the 

possibility that both the Octopda and the 

Cirroctopoda originated from loligosepiid 

vampyropods instead of teudopseid. The 

surprising existence of a stylet-like gladius 

vestige in Styletoctopus annae sp. nov. 

suggests that the octopod clade branched off 

much earlier than previously believed. 

Octopod apomorphies such as the 

development of stylets, loss of fins and cirri 

must have been occurred before the 

Cenomanian. 

2009020301 

牙买加始新世一巨型满月蛤双壳类 ( 软体 

动物门 : 双壳纲 : 满月蛤科 )- 系统分类 

学、生活习性及化学共栖 = A giant Lucinid 

Bivalve from the Eocene of Jamaica – 

systematics, life habits and chemosymbiosis 

(Mollusca: Bivalvia: Lucinidae). ( 英文 ). 

Taylor J D; Glover E A. Palaeontology, 2009, 

52(1): 95-109 

The giant bivalve Lucina megameris Dall, 

1901, from the late Eocene White Limestone 

Group of Jamaica and by far the largest 

known species of the family Lucinidae, is 

placed in a new genus Superlucina. Apart 

from its large size, with a shell height 

exceeding 310 mm, it is distinguished from 

other genera, such as Pseudomiltha and 

Eomiltha by external shell characters and the 

extremely long and narrow, anterior adductor 

muscle scar. Features preserved on internal 

moulds suggest that, in common with living 

Lucinidae, S. megameris was chemosymbiotic 

with sulphide – oxidizing bacteria housed in 

the gills. Palaeoenvironmental evidence 

suggests a habitat in oligotrophic, shallow 

waters, probably in seagrass beds, with an 

associated molluscan fauna including large 

cardiids that may have been photosymbiotic. 

Superlucina is considerably larger than any 

living lucinid that range in size from 3 to 

96

150 mm with most encompassed within 5– 

30 mm. From the Jurassic onwards, a few 

other large lucinids are known from cold seep 

sites, with several other records from possible 

shallow water seagrass beds. 

2009020302 

古生代菊石在时间和形态空间方面的形态 

上的和分类上的历史 = Morphologic and 

taxonomic history of Paleozoic ammonoids in 

time and morphospace. ( 英文 ). Saunders W B; 

Greenfest-Allen E; Work D M; Nikolaeva S V. 

Paleobiology, 2008, 34(1): 128-154 

Principal components analysis (PCA) of 21 

shell parameters (geometry, sculpture, aperture 

shape, and suture complexity) in 597 L. 

Devonian to L. Triassic ammonoid genera 

(spanning 166 Myr) shows that eight basic 

morphotypes appeared within 20 Myr of the 

first appearance of ammonoids. With one 

exception, these morphotypes persisted 

throughout the Paleozoic, occurring in 75% of 

the 5-Myr time bins used in this study. 

Morphotypes were not exclusive to particular 

lineages. Their persistence was not just a 

product of phylogenetic constraints or 

longevity, and multiple iterations of the same 

morphotypes occurred at different times and 

in different groups. Although mass extinction 

events severely condensed the range of 

morphologic variation and taxonomic 

diversity, the effects were short lived and most 

extinct morphotypes were usually iterated 

within 5 Myr. The most important effect of 

mass extinctions on ammonoid evolutionary 

history seems to have been their role in large 

scale taxonomic turnovers; they effectively 

eliminated previously dominant orders at the 

Frasnian/Famennian (F/F) (Agoniatitida), the 

Devonian/Mississippian (D/M) (Clymeniida), 

and the Permian/Triassic (P/T) (Goniatitida 

and Prolecanitida) extinctions. Survivors 

varied from two (P/T) to four (D/M) and five 

genera (F/F). These events generated sharp 

reductions in morphologic disparity at the 

D/M (58%) and at the P/T (59%), but there 

was a net increase at the F/F (38%). There was 

no obvious survival bias for particular 

morphotypes, but 64% are interpreted to have 

been Nautilus-like nektobenthic. The 

recurrence of particular combinations of 

morphology and their strong independence of 

phylogeny are strong arguments for functional 

constraint. Intervals between mass extinctions 

seem to have been relatively static in terms of 

morphotype numbers, in contrast to numbers 

of genera. Significant decreases in genus 

diversity (54%) and morphologic disparity 

(33%) commenced in the mid-Permian 

(Wordian/ Capitanian boundary), well before 

the final P/T event. 

2009020303 

Proharpoceras Chao—— 一个幸免于二叠 

纪末大绝灭的菊石新谱系 = Proharpoceras 

Chao: a new ammonoid lineage surviving the 

end-Permian mass extinction. ( 英文 ). Brayard 

A; Bucher H; Br ü hwiler T; Galfetti T; 

Goudemand N; Kuang Guodun; Escarguel G; 

Jenks J. Lethaia, 2007, 40(2): 175-181 

Based on new, bed-rock controlled material 

from northwestern Guangxi and Oman, the 

Early Triassic genus Proharpoceras Chao is 

shown to be a representative of Otocerataceae. 

Character analysis excludes a direct link with 

the Griesbachian Otoceratidae and favours a 

derivation of Proharpoceras from the late 

Permian Anderssonoceratidae. The 

biostratigraphic range of Proharpoceras is 

restricted to the Smithian and its 

biogeographic distribution comprises Oman, 

South China, and Primorye, thus indicating an 

essentially low palaeolatitudinal distribution. 

Proharpoceras has no apparent relatives 

among other Early and Middle Triassic 

Ceratitida and is thus considered to be the last 

representative of Otocerataceae. This offshoot 

of the late Permian Anderssonoceratidae 

implies that an additional ammonoid lineage 

survived the end Permian extinction and that it 

dwindled away for some 2 Myr before going 

extinct. 

2009020304 

用于菊石壳体分类的一些指数的数学分析 

= A mathematical analysis of some indices 

used to classify ammonite shells. ( 英文 ). 

Ballantine C M. Lethaia, 2007, 40(2): 197-198 

2009020305 

晚侏罗世菊石缝合线复杂性及其与外壳尺 

寸和形态的关系 —— 利用分形分析的多维 

方法 = Sutural complexity in Late Jurassic 

ammonites and its relationship with 

phragmocone size and shape: a 

multidimensional approach using fractal 

analysis. ( 英文 ). Pérez-Claros J A; Olóriz F; 

Palmqvist P. Lethaia, 2007, 40(3): 253-272 

The evolution of intricate septa and 

complex sutural patterns in cephalopod 

ammonoids is one of the best documented 

trends in the fossil record towards increased 

levels of complexity. Functional interpretation 

97

of septal folding is still, however, a matter of 

controversy. Tentative explanations have been 

linked to the structural reinforcement of 

phragmocones, mantle area increase, 

buoyancy control and even metabolic 

functions concerning respiration or cameral 

liquid transport. Here we use fractal analysis 

in order to estimate suture complexity in a 

large set (N = 524) of Late Jurassic ammonites, 

and its covariation with phragmocone size, 

shape and ornamentation. Sutural complexity, 

estimated by fractal dimension (D f ), is closely 

related to phragmocone whorl height and the 

degree of shell involution, while this trend is 

reversed for tubercle size. On average, 

specimens from epioceanic habitats display 

lower D f values than those inhabiting 

epicontinental waters. Our results reveal a 

complex relationship between sutural 

complexity and morphometric descriptors of 

phragmocones, indicating that septal folding 

was more closely related to shell geometry 

than to bathymetry. In addition, these results 

fit predictions of a recent model relating 

sutural complexity to energetic demands of 

ammonoid metabolism. However, future 

research should not neglect the implications of 

phylogenetic legacy as an important source of 

variability in fractal dimensions. 

2009020306 

如何识别原位的头足类化石 —— 来自现生 

Nautilus 的实验证据 = How to recognize in 

situ fossil cephalopods: evidence from 

experiments with modern Nautilus. ( 英文 ). 

Wani R. Lethaia, 2007, 40(4): 305-311 

Field and flume experiments with modern 

Nautilus pompilius establish two prerequisites 

to recognize in situ preservation of fossil 

cephalopod shells (soft parts were within body 

chamber in situ at the time of fossilization): 

occurrence of the upper jaw within the body 

chamber and the position of jaws within the 

body chamber. Morphology of shells and jaws 

in modern and fossil nautiloids is so similar 

that these prerequisites can be applied for 

fossil nautiloids and provide implications for 

ammonoids. The upper jaws of Nautilus start 

to move at a water velocity of > 0.2 m/s, when 

the shells are reoriented with the aperture 

downstream; jaws are therefore unlikely to be 

secondarily deposited near the shell aperture 

by bottom currents. The lower jaws, moved at 

the velocity of > 0.1 m/s, can be deposited 

around the shell aperture by weak current 

(0.1–0.2 m/s in velocity), but never enter the 

inside of body chamber. Neither jaw is likely 

to be separately and selectively displaced from 

the inside of the body chamber through 

scavenging of the soft parts by burrowing 

infaunal animals. An upper jaw preserved 

inside the body chamber, together with a 

lower jaw, is thus a reliable indicator of in situ 

preservation; a sole lower jaw preserved 

around the shell aperture is likely to be 

secondarily deposited. Sedimentary structures 

inferring rapid burial events and jaw size are 

useful as additional evidence. Smaller jaws 

were more likely to be displaced from the 

body chamber by scavenging by infaunal 

animals after in situ burial, so that smaller 

jaws preserved within the body chamber 

suggest less scavenging. These findings are 

crucial to interpreting the taphonomic history 

and palaeo-ecology of fossil cephalopods. 

2009020307 

夜里突然发生的事情 —— 第三纪头足动物 

和鲸类动物的演化互动 = Things that go 

bump in the night: evolutionary interactions 

between cephalopods and cetaceans in the 

tertiary. ( 英文 ). Lindberg D R; Pyenson N D. 

Lethaia, 2007, 40(4): 335-343 

Echolocation has evolved independently in 

several vertebrate groups, and hypotheses 

about the origin of echolocation in these 

groups often invoke abiotic mechanisms 

driving morphological evolution. In bats, for 

example, the ecological setting associated 

with the origin of echolocation has been 

linked to global warming during the 

Palaeocene–Eocene; similarly, the origin of 

toothed whales (odontocetes) has been broadly 

correlated with the establishment of the 

circum-Antarctic current. These scenarios, and 

the adaptational hypotheses for the evolution 

of echolocation with which they are associated, 

neglect a consideration of possible biotic 

mechanisms. Here we propose that the origin 

of echolocation in odontocetes was initially an 

adaptation for nocturnal epipelagic feeding – 

primarily on diel migrating cephalopods. We 

test this hypothesis using data on the temporal, 

geographical, and water column distributions 

of odontocetes and cephalopods, and other 

global events from their respective tertiary 

histories. From this analysis, we suggest that 

echolocation in early odontocetes aided 

nocturnal feeding on cephalopods and other 

prey items, and that this early system was 

exapted for deep diving and hunting at depths 

below the photic zone where abundant 

cephalopod resources were available 24 h a 

day. This scenario extends to the evolution of 

98

other cephalopod feeding (teuthophagous) 

marine vertebrates such as pinnipeds and 

Mesozoic marine reptiles. 

2009020308 

化学共存的双壳动物和稳定同位素指示四 

个独特的新生代化石产地的碳氢化合物渗 

流 = Chemosymbiotic bivalves and stable 

carbon isotopes indicate hydrocarbon seepage 

at four unusual Cenozoic fossil localities. ( 英 

文 ). Kiel S; Peckmann J. Lethaia, 2007, 40(4): 

345-357 

Four unusual Cenozoic fossil localities are 

identified here as ancient hydrocarbon seep 

sites using palaeontological, petrological, and 

stable carbon isotope data. Late Eocene 

carbonate-cemented sandstone bodies in the 

Wagonwheel Mountains in California were 

previously suspected to represent ancient 

hydrocarbon seep sites, but the relatively high 

δ 13 C carbonate values (−12.2 to −5.0‰) suggest 

oil rather than methane seepage. The 

Oligocene fauna of the Elmira asphalt mine, 

Cuba, was previously interpreted as a mix of 

freshwater and marine taxa, but all species are 

here identified as belonging to marine groups, 

including the bivalve families Lucinidae and 

Vesicomyidae, whose extant members live 

largely in symbiosis with chemoautotrophic 

endosymbionts. A carbonate concretion from 

this site showed δ 13 C carbonate values as low as 

−32.2‰, which most likely indicates methane 

seepage. A previously unpublished Oligocene 

fossil locality in Atlantico, northern Colombia, 

is dominated by large solemyid, mytilid, 

lucinid, and vesicomyid bivalves, which most 

likely lived with chemotrophic endosymbionts. 

Seepage of biogenic methane without a 

significant contribution of thermogenic 

methane is indicated by δ 13 C carbonate values as 

low as −51.3 ‰ . We confirm that the 

Pleurophopsis-dominated sites of the Heath 

Shale and Lomitos Chert in northern Peru are 

ancient seep sites, although the previous 

identification of Pleurophopsis peruviana as a 

vesicomyid is doubtful. 

节肢动物 

2009020309 

古生代 Beyrichioidean 介形类的甲壳中和 

软体相关的特征和生活习性 = Soft Body- 

Related Features of the Carapace and the 

Lifestyle of Paleozoic Beyrichioidean 

Ostracodes. ( 英文 ). Olempska E. Journal of 


The central muscle scar field of the 

beyrichioidean palaeocopid ostracodes 

includes an adductor muscle scar composed of 

many polygonal scars, a long mandibular scar 

composed of eight individual scars, and an 

oval frontal muscle scar. Probably, as in the 

extant ostracodes, the muscle scars served as 

attachment points for the closing muscles as 

well as for the muscles and chitinous 

supporting structures from the appendages. 

The fulcral depression, on which the dorsal 

apex of the mandible pivots in recent 

ostracodes, has also been recognized in the 

Early Carboniferous beyrichiids and 

paraparchitids. The pore systems of the 

beyrichioideans are more advanced than 

assumed so far, and they include, documented 

for the first time, the secretory (‘exocrine’) 

pores and ‘marginal’ pores in Paleozoic 

beyrichioideans. It seems likely that the 

development of these pores, was related to the 

transition of beyrichioideans from shallow 

marine into unstable, possibly brackish, water 

paleoenvironments. The partially calcified 

inner lamella and the ‘ marginal ’ pore 

canals are apomorphies of some Early 

Carboniferous beyrichioideans. Internal 

features of the paraparchitids confirm their 

beyrichioidean affinity. The adductor and 

mandibular scars are plesiomorphic in the 

Beyrichiidae and Paraparchitidae. The 

presence of mandibular scars and fulcral 

depressions may indicate that these ostracodes 

were actively feeding bottom crawlers. 

2009020310 

关于两个白垩纪非海相的介形类属的有效 

性 - 生物地层学和古地理学的意义 = On the 

validity of two Lower Cretaceous non-marine 

ostracode genera: biostratigraphic and 

paleogeographic implications. ( 英文 ). 

Dermeval A do Carmo; Whatley R; João 

Villar de Queiroz Neto; Coimbra J C. Journal 


The taxonomic status of the Lower 

Cretaceous non-marine ostracode genera 

Hourcqia Krömmelbein and Pattersoncypris 

Bate is discussed. From a detailed analysis of 

the type species of these genera, and several 

other species attributed to them, it was 

possible to conclude that both genera are 

invalid. Hourcqia africana Krömmelbein, the 

type species of this genus, has an anteroventral 

beak, and it is in all other respects 

identical to Cypridea Bosquet, and therefore 

should be transferred to this genus. The 

99

subspecies originally referred to as Hourcqia 

africana confluens Krömmellbein and Weber, 

1971 is subsumed within Cypridea africana. 

Secondly, the genus Pattersoncypris, as the 

result of a study of its type species, P. 

micropapillosa Bate, is shown to be a junior 

synonym of Harbinia Tsao. Both, Hourcqia 

and Pattersoncypris must therefore be 

suppressed. Cypridea africana (Krömmelbein) 

occurs in Brazil, Congo, and Gabon in strata 

deposited during the rift stage, restricted to the 

late Barremian to early Aptian interval. 

Harbinia micropapillosa (Bate) occurs in 

Brazil and Liberia, but it is restricted to the 

gulf stage, i.e. the late Aptian to early Albian 

interval. Amended diagnoses for the genus 

Cypridea and species Cypridea africana and 

H. micropapillosa are given. 

2009020311 

法国阿莫里凯奥陶纪三叶虫属 Trinucleid 

的个体发育 - 形态学探讨 = Ontogeny of an 

Ordovician Trinucleid (Trilobita) from 

Armorica, France: a morphometric approach. 

( 英文 ). Delabroye A; Cronier C. Journal of 


A large number of well-preserved immature 

exoskeletons enable the first detailed 

quantitative description of the ontogeny of the 

trinucleid Marrolithus bureaui (Oehlert, 1895) 

from the Lower Caradoc of the Armorican 

Massif (Armorica, northwest France). For the 

accurate description of cephalic features, a 

landmark-based approach was adopted in 

order to recognize ontogenetic instars and to 

establish the patterns of size increase and 

shape change during ontogenetic development. 

The quantitative analysis permitted the 

demonstration of a progressive shape change 

in agreement with ontogenetic ordination and 

a comparison of the timing of size and shape 

changes. Changes that took place during the 

meraspid period included, in particular, the 

development of a more pronounced subquadrangular 

cephalic outline, a compression 

(sag.) of the glabella and a size decrease until 

disappearance of the alae in late stages. This 

quantitative ontogenetic reconstitution of 

Marrolithus bureaui might be considered as a 

reference for the better understanding of 

phylogenetic affinities between other 

trinucleid species. 

2009020312 

阿根廷 Río Negro 省古新统 Río Foyel 组 

十足类 Brachyura 类 Homolid 科的蟹类化 

石新种 = A new species of fossil Homolid 

Crab (Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Río 

Foyel Formation (Paleogene), R í o Negro 

Province, Argentina. ( 英文 ). Crawford R S. 


841 2 图版 . 

A PREVIOUSLY undescribed fossil 

specimen of deep water crab belonging to the 

family Homolidae de Haan, 1839 was 

discovered in the collection of the Museo 

Paleontológica de Bariloche of Río Negro 

Province, Argentina. The specimen is 

exceptional because one of the extra-lineal 

flanks is present. These lateral portions of the 

carapace are often absent in homolid crab 

specimens, due to disarticulation of the 

carapace along the lineae homolicae 

(Glaessner, 1969). The specimen was 

collected from the (middle) Oligocene Río 

Foyel Formation (Casadío et al., 2004), which 

crops out south of the town of San Carlos de 

Bariloche, in the foothills of the Andes 

Mountains (Fig. 1). Paleogene specimens of 

the Homolidae are exceedingly rare, due in 

large part to the lack of preserved rocks from 

deepwater environments (Feldmann et al., 

1991), which they prefer in modern oceans. 

This specimen is of particular importance 

because it is not only the first reported fossil 

occurrence of the genus Paromola Wood- 

Mason, 1891 but also provides additional 

evidence as to the depositional environment of 

the Río Foyel Formation. 

2009020313 

最老的柄眼类三叶虫 Parablackwelderia 

Kobayashi, 1942( 寒武纪 Damesellinae 类 ) 

以及它在中国山东的发现 = The oldest 

known Stalk-eyed Trilobite, 

Parablackwelderia Kobayashi, 1942 

(Damesellinae, Cambrian), and its occurrence 

in Shandong, China. ( 英文 ). Peng S C; Yang 

X F; Hughes N C. Journal of 


Parablackwelderia is the oldest known stalkeyed 

trilobite and thrived during the middle– 

late Cambrian (Guzhangian Age) in eastern 

Gondwanaland. The elongated palpebral lobe 

extends outward and forward from the anterior 

corner of the cranidium and shows positive 

allometry, becoming markedly longer and 

relatively thinner in large specimens. The 

animal occurred in muddy environments and 

may have been a predator that burrowed for 

concealment. Stalked-eyes were 

100

independently derived in several trilobite 

clades, but whenever they appeared were 

restricted to small numbers of taxa and thus do 

not appear to have served as a key innovation 

that promoted extensive diversification of 

species bearing the structure. The stalk-eyed 

condition in trilobites has a striking modern 

analog in the hypercephaly of diopsinid flies, 

where it is commonly associated with mate 

recognition and mate selection. We document 

the first occurrence of Parablackwelderia in 

Shandong, North China and describe a new 

species, Parablackwelderia luensis sp. nov. 

2009020314 

新的始新世的碳氢渗漏的十足甲壳类 

(Anomura 类 Galatheidae 科 Shinkaiinae 

亚科 ) 及其古生物学 = New Eocene 

hydrocarbon seep Decapod Crustacean 

(Anomura: Galatheidae: Shinkaiinae) and its 

paleobiology. ( 英文 ). Schweitzer C E; 

Feldmann R M. Journal of 


A new decapod crustacean species, 

Shinkaia katapsyxis, is reported from the 

Eocene Humptulips Formation of western 

Washington, USA. The specimens were 

collected from a hydrocarbon seep deposit that 

has been well-documented and contains a 

well-described molluscan fauna. The new 

occurrence extends the geologic range of the 

genus Shinkaia Baba and Williams, 1998, and 

subfamily Shinkaiinae Baba and Williams, 

1998, into the Eocene from its only other 

known occurrences in hydrothermal vent 

environments in the Pacific Ocean. The range 

extension of an extant decapod genus into the 

Eocene is not uncommon and adds to the 

evidence that the Decapoda may be unusually 

resistant to extinctions and are distinctly 

conservative evolutionarily. 

2009020315 

十足 Brachyura 类的 Ekalakia 属 - 眼的保存 

证明了白垩纪的蟹类和侏罗纪的祖先的亲 

缘性 = Ekalakia (Decapoda: Brachyura): the 

preservation of eyes links Cretaceous crabs to 

Jurassic ancestors. ( 英文 ). Feldmann R M; 

Schweitzer C E; Wahl W R. Journal of 

Paleontology, 2008, 82(5): 1030-1034 

Description of a new species of crab, 

Ekalakia exophthalmops, brings to two the 

number of species within this Late Cretaceous 

genus from the upper mid-west in North 

America. Discovery of eyes and orbital 

structures in both species permits placement of 

the genus within the superfamily 

Glaessneropsoidea Patrulius, 1959 and family 

Glaessneropsidae Patrulius, 1959, extending 

the range of those taxa from the Late Jurassic 

into the Late Cretaceous. The extraordinarily 

large eyes relative to body size suggests that 

the Jurassic reef-dwelling crabs were adapted 

for a cryptic lifestyle which preadapted them 

for the deep-water, dysphotic, level-bottom 

habitat occupied by the Cretaceous 

descendants. 

2009020316 

法国古新世最老的蜜蜂双翅目 Bombyliidae 

科 = The oldest bee fly in the French 

Paleocene (Diptera: Bombyliidae. ( 英文 ). Nel 

A. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2008, 7(7): 401- 

405 

Paleolomatia menatensis gen. and sp. n., 

oldest Bombyliidae sensu stricto, is described 

from the Paleocene of Menat (France). The 

new genus, based on the wing venation, is 

attributed to the rather ‘derived’ subfamily 

Lomatiinae, strongly supporting a Late 

Cretaceous age for the diversification of the 

pollinator bee flies, in relation with the 

floristic changes and the angiosperm radiation 

that occurred at the same time 

2009020317 

南极中中新世异常保存的湖栖的介形虫 : 

高纬度 77 ° 南古环境的意义 = 

Exceptionally preserved lacustrine ostracods 

from the Middle Miocene of Antarctica: 

implications for high-latitude 

palaeoenvironment at 77 ° south. ( 英文 ). 

Williams M; Siveter D J; Ashworth A C; 

Wilby PR 4. Proceedings of the Royal 


275(1650): 2449-2454 

A newly discovered Konservat-Lagerstätte 

from the Middle Miocene of the western 

Olympus Range, Dry Valleys, Antarctica, 

yields cypridoidean ostracods complete with 

preserved body and appendages. This is the 

first record of three-dimensionally fossilized 

animal soft tissues from the continent. The 

ostracods are preserved in goethite, secondary 

after pyrite, representing a novel mode of 

exceptional preservation. They signal a highlatitude 

(greater than 77°south) lake setting 

(Palaeolake Boreas) viable for benthic animal 

colonization prior to 14Myr ago. Their 

presence supports the notion of warmer, 

tundra-like environmental conditions 

101

persisting in the Dry Valleys until the Middle 

Miocene 

2009020318 

非洲坦桑尼亚古近纪一新的淡水蟹 

(Decapoda: Brachyura:Potamonautidae) = 

A new freshwater crab (Decapoda: 

Brachyura:Potamonautidae) from the 

Paleogene of Tanzania, Africa. ( 英文 ). 

Feldmann R M; O'Connor P M; Stevens N J; 

Gottfried M D; Roberts E M; Ngasala S; 

rasmusson E L; Kapilima S. Neues Jahrbuch 


Abhandlungen, 2007, 244(1): 71-78 

Discovery of numerous fragmentary 

remains of freshwater crab in Paleogene, 

Probably Oligocene, sediments in Tanzania, 

Africa, permits the description of a new genus 

and species, Tanzanonautes tuerkai. The 

fossils represent the oldest freshwater crabs 

known. 

2009020319 

罗马尼亚 Dobrogea 地区侏罗纪海绵大相的 

十足目及其对 Nodoprosopon 属的重新思 

考 = Decapods from Jurassic (Oxfordian) 

sponge megafacies of Dobrogea, Romania and 

reconsideration of Nodoprosopon Beurlen, 

1928. ( 英文 ). Schweitzer C E; Feldmann R M; 

Lazar I. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. 


99-113 

Goniodromites aliquantulus new species 

appears to have inhabited layered sponge 

biostrome settings only, whereas 

Cycloprosopon dobrogea and Goniodromites 

spp. appear to have inhabited a variety of 

microbialite-siliceous sponge environments. 

The genus Nodoprosopon is severely 

restricted to contain only two species, and 

Planoprosopon new genus is erected to 

embrace Planoprosopon hedeni new 

combination. The latter species is known from 

Romania only in microbialite-siliceous sponge 

biostrome habitats. The Goniodromitinae, 

previously considered as a subfamily of the 

Prosopidae, is here raised to family status. 

Revision of the Prosopidae sensu lato is 

ongoing. 

2009020320 

中国中侏罗世与 Prosepididontus 属有关的 

新的 ‘ 蛩蠊科 ’ 化石 = New 'Grylloblattida' 

related to the genus Prosepididontus 

Handlirsch, 1920 in the Middle Jurassic of 

China (Insecta: Geinitziidae). ( 英文 ). Huang 

Diying; Nel A. Alcheringa, 2008, 32(4): 395- 

403 

On the basis of well-preserved nearly 

complete specimens, two new genera and 

species Sinosepididontus chifengensis and 

Megasepididontus grandis, both closely 

related to the Early Jurassic geinitziid genus 

Prosepididontus, are described. The new 

material was collected from the Middle 

Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation near the 

Daohugou Village, Ningcheng County, Inner 

Mongolia, northeast China. New body and leg 

structures are described for these Chinese taxa. 

They were previously unknown in other 

Geinitziidae. The new data indicate that the 

extinct 'Grylloblattida' contained heterogenous 

groups 

2009020321 

中国西南下寒武统澄江化石库三叶虫 

Yunnanocephalus yunnanensis 的个体发育 

= Ontogeny of the trilobite Yunnanocephalus 

yunnanensis from the Chengjiang lagersttte, 

lower Cambrian, southwest China. ( 英文 ). Dai 

Tao; Zhang Xingliang. Alcheringa, 2008, 

32(4): 465 - 468 

2009020322 

一个异常保存极好的始新世 dolichopodid 

类蝇眼 : 功能和演化意义 = An 

exceptionally well-preserved Eocene 

dolichopodid fly eye: function and 

evolutionary significance. ( 英文 ). Tanaka G; 

Parker A R; Siveter D J; Maeda H; Furutani M. 



1019 

The exceptionally preserved eyes of an 

Eocene dolichopodid fly contained in Baltic 

amber show remarkable detail, including 

features at micrometre and submicrometre 

levels. Based on this material, we establish 

that it is likely that the neural superposition 

compound eye existed as far back as 45Ma. 

The ommatidia have an open rhabdom with a 

trapezoidal arrangement of seven rhabdomeres. 

Such a structure is uniquely characteristic of 

the neural superposition compound eye of 

present-day flies. Optical analysis reveals that 

the fossil eyes had a sophisticated and 

efficient optical system 

2009020323 

新西兰两个新的上侏罗统节肢动物 = Two 

new Upper Jurassic arthropods from New 

Zealand. ( 英文 ). Grant-Mackie J A; 

102

Buckeridge J S; Johns P M. Alcheringa, 1996, 

20(1): 31 - 39 

An orthopteran wing fragment from the 

Upper Jurassic (Tithonian) of New Zealand is 

described as Notohagla mauii n. gen. et sp. 

and placed near species from the Jurassic- 

Cretaceous of Central Asia. Closely associated 

stratigraphically is a moulted abdomen of an 

urdid isopod Urda zelandica n. sp., similar to 

a Lower Cretaceous form from the Antarctic 

Peninsula 

2009020324 

南澳大利亚在 Chinaman Gully 海退 (‘ 始 

新世 - 渐新世界线 ’) 之前和之后介形类组 

合的古水深测量 = Palaeobathymetry of 

ostracod associations before and after the 

Chinaman Gully regression 

('Eocene/Oligocene boundary') in South 

Australia. ( 英文 ). Majoran S. 

Alcheringa, 1996, 20(4): 245 - 267 

The Chinaman Gully Formation in South 

Australia is a regressive non-marine to 

marginal marine unit previously correlated 

with the 'Eocene/Oligocene boundary' type 1 

Sequence Boundary Ta 4.3/4.4. It is barren of 

ostracods. Cytherellid, krithiid, pontocypridid, 

paracypridid and trachyleberidid ostracods are 

abundant in the underlying Blanche Point 

Formation (BPF), whereas bairdiids, 

xestoleberidids, hemicytherids and 

loxoconchids are more abundant in the Port 

Willunga Formation (PWF) which overlies the 

Chinaman Gully Formation. A major contrast 

in trachyleberidid, loxoconchid and 

hemicytherid species composition is evident 

between the BPF and PWF. A bootstrap 

variety of correspondence analysis identified 

Paracypris, Kuiperiana, Krithe, 

Tasmanocypris, Argilloecia, Trachyleberis, 

Cytherella and Bythocypris as significant 

genera (indicating a palaeodepth of 120-200 m) 

in the BPF and Quadracythere, 

Hornibrookella, 

Loxoconcha, 

Microcytherura, bairdiids, Schizocythere, 

Cytheralison, Kangarina and Xestoleberis as 

significant genera (indicating a palaeodepth of 

≤ 50 m) in the PWF. The generic diversity 

and the adult/juvenile ratio is higher in the 

PWF than in the BPF, reflecting a greater 

number of niches in a shallower environment 

with higher hydrodynamic stress. The many 

autochthonous cytherellids in the BPF 

probably signify low oxygen conditions 

during deposition. 

2009020325 

重新研究三叶虫 Eoredlichia 属的附属物构 

造 = Trilobite appendage structure — 

Eoredlichia reconsidered. ( 英文 ). Ramskld L; 

Edgecombe G D. Alcheringa, 1996, 20(4): 

269 - 276 

New interpretations are available from 

recently published appendages of Eoredlichia 

intermedia (Early Cambrian Chengjiang 

fauna), the most primitive trilobite for which 

appendages are known. The basis (formerly 

identified as the coxa) is preserved in one 

appendage. An allegedly long proximal 

podomere in the endopod is actually 

subdivided into two and, at least in posterior 

appendages, each of these podomeres bears a 

strong, angular endite. The large, subquadrate 

basis, angular endite on the first podomere of 

the endopod, and attachment of the exopod 

along the whole length of the basis are 

features shared with naraoiids, for which 

Naraoia longicaudata Zhang & Hou is 

exemplar. The long line of attachment of the 

exopod to the basis works as a hinge joint in E. 

intermedia and is a feature shared by 

Olenoides serratus. This joint allows rotation 

of the basis and endopod around the hinge line, 

permitting extensive leg movement without 

forcing the large exopod fan out of position. 

The shape of the basis in O. serratus is 

reinterpreted here, and a new reconstruction of 

the exopod shows detailed similarity to E. 

intermedia. The limbs of Eoredlichia show 

that appendage structure in primitive trilobites 

is little altered from shared ancestry with 

naraoiids. 

2009020326 

马达加斯加晚白垩世一新 Spinicaudatan 属 

( 甲壳纲 :“ 介甲目 ”) = A new 

Spinicaudatan genus (Crustacea: 

'Conchostraca') from the late Cretaceous of 

Madagascar. ( 英文 ). Stigall A L; Hartman J H. 


A new spinicaudatan genus and species, 

Ethmosestheria mahajangaensis gen. et sp. 

nov., is described from the Anembalemba 

Member (Upper Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of 

the Maevarano Formation, Mahajanga Basin, 

Madagascar. This is the first spinicaudatan 

reported from the post-Triassic Mesozoic of 

Madagascar. The new species is assigned to 

the family Antronestheriidae based on the 

cavernous or sievelike ornamentation on the 

carapace. Of well-documented Mesozoic 

spinicaudatan genera, Ethmosestheria 

mahajangaensis is most closely related to 

Antronestheria Chen and Hudson from the 

103

Great Estuarine Group (Jurassic) of Scotland. 

However, relatively poor documentation of 

the ornamentation of most Gondwanan 

Mesozoic spinicaudatan species precludes 

detailed comparison among taxa. 

Ethmosestheria mahajangaensis exhibits 

ontogenetic trends in carapace growth: a 

change in carapace outline from 

subcircular/subelliptical to elliptical, and from 

very wide juvenile growth bands to narrow 

adult growth bands. Ornamentation style, 

however, does not vary with ontogeny. 

Ethmosestheria mahajangaensis individuals 

lived in temporary pools in a broad channelbelt 

system within a semiarid environment; 

preserved desiccation structures on carapaces 

indicate seasonal drying out of pools within 

the river system. Specimens of Ethmosestheria 

mahajangaensis are preserved with exquisite 

detail in debris flow deposits; these are the 

first spinicaudatans reported from debris flow 

deposits. These deposits also contain a varied 

vertebrate fauna, including dinosaurs, 

crocodyliforms, turtles, and frogs. Rapid 

entombment of the spinicaudatan carapaces 

likely promoted early fossil diagenesis leading 

to highly detailed preservation. 

2009020327 

晚泥盆世弗拉期最后的镰虫目三叶虫的演 

化与绝灭模式 = Patterns of evolution and 

extinction in the last harpetid trilobites during 

the late Devonian (Frasnian). ( 英文 ). 

Mcnamara K J; Feist R; Ebach M. 


Late Devonian (Frasnian) harpetid trilobites 

have hitherto only been described from the 

western side of the Protethys Ocean, in what is 

now Europe and North Africa, as well as from 

Gondwana-derived northwestern Kazakhstan 

(Mugodjar). However, late Frasnian strata in 

the Canning Basin, Western Australia, that 

were deposited on the eastern side of this 

ocean, contain a rich harpetid fauna. 

Described herein are two new harpetids: 

Eskoharpes gen. nov. and Globoharpes gen. 

nov., within which are placed six species: E. 

palanasus sp. nov., E. wandjina sp. nov., E. 

boltoni sp. nov., E. guthae sp. nov., G. 

teicherti sp. nov. and G. friendi sp. nov. The 

ontogenetic development of E. palanasus, E. 

wandjina and G. teicherti are described, 

including the first unequivocal harpetid 

protaspis. Globoharpes exhibits evidence of 

sexual dimorphism in the development of a 

pronounced preglabellar boss in some 

specimens. This structure is thought to have 

functioned as a brood pouch. Such structures 

have previously only been described in 

Cambrian and Ordovician trilobites, and never 

before in harpetids. It is suggested that the 

characteristic harpetid fringe functioned as a 

secondary respiratory structure. The 

Eskoharpes lineage shows evolutionary trends 

that mirror changes seen in ontogenetic 

development of the youngest species, 

suggesting the operation of peramorphic 

processes. This is the first record of 

heterochrony in harpetids and the first 

documented example of peramorphosis in 

Devonian trilobites. These harpetids 

demonstrate a stepped pattern of extinction 

during the late Frasnian, probably related to 

the effects of the two Kellwasser biocrises that 

have been well documented in European 

Frasnian sections. Highly vaulted species of 

Eskoharpes and the strongly vaulted 

Globoharpes became extinct at the Lower 

Kellwasser Event. The flatter species of 

Eskoharpes became extinct at the base of the 

Upper Kellwasser Event shortly prior to the 

Frasnian/Famennian boundary. The extinction 

of these harpetids, along with 

contemporaneous forms from Europe, which 

are also discussed herein, marks the end of the 

trilobite order Harpetida worldwide. 

2009020328 

中国侏罗纪的古蝉科及古蝉科 ( 昆虫纲 : 

半翅目 : 蝉亚目 ) 高级系统学 = Jurassic 

Palaeontinidae from China and the higher 

systematics of Palaeontinoidea (Insecta: 

Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha). ( 英文 ). Wang Bo; 

Zhang Haichun; Szwedo J. 


Genera of Palaeontinidae (Insecta, 

Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) are reviewed 

based on some newly-discovered material. An 

updated list of palaeontinid genera is provided. 

The genus Palaeontinopsis Martynov is 

assigned to Palaeontinidae incertae sedis. A 

new genus and species, Ningchengia aspera 

gen. et sp. nov., is described based on 

forewings and hindwings from the Middle 

Jurassic of Daohugou, China. Fletcheriana 

colorata Wang, Zhang and Fang and F. minuta 

Wang, Zhang and Fang are transferred to 

Suljuktocossus and Ningchengia respectively, 

resulting in Suljuktocossus coloratus comb. 

nov. and Ningchengia minuta comb. nov. 

Papilioncossus Wang, Ren and Shih, 2007 syn. 

nov. is considered to be a junior synonym of 

Eoiocossus Wang and Zhang, 2006 and 

Quadraticossus Wang and Ren 2007 syn. nov. 

104

is a junior synonym of 

Sinopalaeocossus Hong, 1983. The genus 

Fletcheriana is believed to represent a 

transition between Dunstaniidae and 

Palaeontinidae. This result is consistent with 

the previous view that Dunstaniidae is 

ancestral to Palaeontinidae. Furthermore, 

Suljuktocossus is a transitional genus between 

Fletcheriana and Cretaceous palaeontinids. 

The fusion of veins RP and M 1 in the 

palaeontinid hindwings implies a change of 

the mechanism of flight and an improvement 

in flight ability. The presence of a reduced 

costal area and the rigid basal leading edge of 

the palaeontinid forewings suggest gain of lift. 

2009020329 

个体发育与埋葬学 : 一项研究卤虫 

Artemia salina 发育的埋葬学实验 = 

Ontogeny and taphonomy: an experimental 

taphonomy study of the development of the 

brine shrimp Artemia salina. ( 英文 ). Gostling 

N; Dong Xiping; Donoghue P. 


Although the relationship between 

ontogeny and phylogeny has been of longstanding 

interest to palaeontologists, the fossil 

record has provided little insight into the 

development of long extinct organisms. This 

has changed with the discovery of numerous 

assemblages of fossilized invertebrate 

embryos and larvae, but realising their 

evolutionary significance is hampered by a 

paucity of data on the relationship between 

ontogeny and taphonomy. We describe the 

results of an experimental taphonomy study of 

the development of the anostracan brine 

shrimp Artemia salina, which show that in 

conditions of aqueous aerobic and anaerobic 

autolysis and microbial decay, the 

developmental stages exhibit differential 

preservation potential. The most decay 

resistant developmental stage is the diapause 

cyst, encapulsating the gastrula, in which the 

gross morphology of the embryo can be 

maintained for 18 months or more in simple 

anaerobic conditions. Otherwise, the embryo 

shrinks within the cyst and cellular and tissue 

detail of breaks down as lipid droplets 

coalesce. Postembryonic excysted larvae 

decay more rapidly. The rate of decay is 

similar among all larval stages with the 

exception of the L 4 larva, which resists cuticle 

failure for longer than later developmental 

stages. The larvae decay leading to 

liquefaction of the muscles and viscera, 

leaving an intact but empty and progressively 

shrunken and distorted cuticle that eventually 

loses structural integrity and collapses. Our 

experimental results provide an explanatory 

model for the phenomenal abundance of 

putative diapause stage embryos, in the 

absence of postembryonic stages, as seen in 

the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation of South 

China and the incompleteness of fossilized 

developmental sequences of embryos and 

larvae more generally. It also cautions against 

the association of developmental stages in 

fossil deposits without additional evidence. 

Finally, the pattern of decay seen in larvae 

provides an explanation for the preservation 

style of Orsten-type Lagerstätten where 

preservation of cuticular detail can be 

astonishingly fine, but extends internally to 

muscles and viscera only rarely. 

2009020330 

阿根廷中西部中生代 cytherurid 介形类分 

类学与动物地理学 = Taxonomy and 

zoogeography of the Mesozoic cytherurid 

ostracoda from west-central Argentina. ( 英文 ). 

Ballent S C; Whatley R C. 


The status of thirty four species of the 

cytheroidean ostracod family Cytheruridae 

from the Neuqu é n Basin, west-central 

Argentina is reviewed. These species belong 

to the following nine genera: Eucytherura Mü 

ller, ranging in this study from Pliensbachian 

to Valanginian and represented by fourteen 

species; Kangarina Coryell and Fields, 

Aalenian – Bajocian, with a single species; 

Acrocythere Neale, Hauterivian, one species; 

Paranotacythere Bassiouni, Berriasian, two 

species; Procytherura Whatley, Pliensbachian 

to Hauterivian, twelve species; Cytheropteron 

Sars, Aalenian – Bajocian, one species: 

Eocytheropteron Alexander, Hauterivian, one 

species; Paradoxorhyncha Chapman, 

Aalenian – Bajocian, one species; and 

Paracytheridea Müller, Berriasian, one species. 

Of the three subfamilies of the Cytheruridae, 

the Cytherurinae, with thirty species are by far 

the most numerous and abundant throughout 

the study. The other two subfamilies, the 

Cytheropterinae are represented by three 

species and the Paracytherideinae by a single 

species of the nominative genus. Several of 

the species are very widely distributed 

geographically and have, for example, also 

been recorded from Europe; others indicate 

close links with South Africa and Australia. 

The stratigraphical ranges of certain genera 

105

have been extended as a result of this study. 

For example, Kangarina has not previously 

been recorded below the Cretaceous. The 

Cytheruridae are clearly the most diverse 

cytheroidean ostracodes in the Mesozoic of 

the Neuquén Basin and are more diverse than 

all other groups of ostracodes combined. Four 

new species, Eucytherura tessae, Eucytherura 

yunga, Procytherura amygdala and 

Eocytheropteron immodicus are described. 

Eucytherura guillaumeae nom. nov. for 

Eucytherura tuberculata Brenner and Oertli 

and Eucytherura paranuda nom. nov. for 

Eucytherura nuda (Brand) are proposed. 

2009020331 

中国寒武纪三叶虫生物地理趋议 = Notes 

On Cambrian Trilobite Biogeography Of 

China. ( 中文 ). 周志毅 ; 甄勇毅 ; 彭善池 ; 朱学 

剑 . 古生物学报 , 2008, 47(4): 385-392 

寒武纪三叶虫除北疆和藏南尚无可靠报 

道外 , 在中国各地均有广泛分布。三叶虫 

证据表明 , 除兴安区的额尔古纳一兴安地 

体和早寒武世中天山一北山地体显示了与 

西伯利亚和劳伦陆块在动物群方面的密切 

相关外 , 中国寒武纪的所有板块和大部分 

地体 ( 包括中及晚寒武世的中天山 ~ 北山 

地体 ) 均系当时东泛冈瓦纳的重要组成部 

分 , 在生物地理上彼此密切关联。对这些 

属于东泛冈瓦纳的中国区块的生物地理格 

局的进一步探讨 , 主要侧重于它们台地相 

浅水三叶虫动物群之间的对比 , 特别是立 

足于来自动物群纪录比较完整的华南、塔 

里木和华北板块的证据。综合分析研究表 

明这些板块和有关的地体在中及晚寒武世 

应归属同一生物地理区 , 而在早寒武世则 

可划分为两个生物地理亚区 : 一个由华 

南、塔里木板块和安南或印支地体组成 , 

另一仅以华北板块为代表。 

2009020332 

湖北宜昌奥陶纪大湾组的三叶虫新种 = A 

New Ordovician Trilobite Ovalocephalus 

Eoprimitivus Sp. Nov. From The Dawan 

Formation,Yichang, Western Hubei. ( 英文 ). 

周志毅 ; 周志强 . 古生物学报 , 2008, 47(4): 

454-456 

本文记述湖北宜昌地区奥陶纪大湾组下 

部的一个三叶虫新种 Ovalocephalus 

eoprimitivus sp.nov., 主要特征是头鞍缺 

失前颈环横沟。Ovalocephalus Koroleva 为 

泛冈瓦纳的标志分子 , 在中国奥陶系分布 

极为广泛。这一新种的时代为弗洛期一大 

坪期 , 系该属目前所知地层层位最低的分 

子。 

2009020333 

新疆塔里木西北部奥陶系印干组三叶虫 = 

Ordovician trilobites from the Yingan 

Formation of northwestern Tarim, Xinjiang, 

northwestern China. ( 英文 ). Zhou Zhiyi; 

Webby B D; Yuan Wenwei. 

Alcheringa, 1995, 19(1): 47 - 72 

Three trilobite species, Lisogorites mistus 

sp. nov., Taklamakania tarimensis W. T. 

Zhang and Ampyxinella rotundata W. T. 

Zhang, are described from the Yingan 

Formation near Kalpin in southern Xinjiang, 

NW China. They occur with graptolites in an 

assemblage of late Caradoc age. Lisogorites is 

an aberrant asaphid, and is considered to be a 

senior synonym of Trigonoaspis and Tangyaia. 

Ampyxinella is regarded as referable to the 

subfamily Endymioninae. The raphiophorid 

Taklamakania has only three thoracic 

segments and may have been derived from 

Ampyxina by neoteny. The morphological and 

taphonomical features of the trilobites suggest 

that this faunule lived on a soft muddy 

substrate in a quiet, deeper-water, slope 

environment of the 'Raphiophorid Biofacies'. 

Palaeogeographically the Kalpin area was 

located on the northwestern slopes of the 

Tarim carbonate platform during Caradoc 

times. Closest zoogeographic relationships of 

this fauna are with South China, Kazakhstan, 

North China and eastern Australia. 

2009020334 

日本西南部九州岛西北始新世 / 渐新世界线 

附近浅海介形类动物群 = Shallow-marine 

ostracode faunas around the 

Eocene/Oligocene boundary in the 

northwestern Kyushu, southwestern Japan. ( 英 

文 ). Yamaguchi T; Kamiya T. Lethaia, 2007, 

40(3): 293-303 

Middle Eocene–early Oligocene ostracode 

faunal changes in northwestern Kyushu of 

southwestern Japan are identified in this study. 

Ostracodes occur from shelf deposits of five 

formations: the middle Eocene Okinoshima, 

the upper Eocene Funazu, the uppermost 

Eocene–lowermost Oligocene Kishima, the 

lowermost Oligocene Itanoura, and the lower 

Oligocene Waita Formations. The middle 

Eocene–earliest Oligocene ostracodes were 

characterized by warm-water genera, 

indicating tropical, subtropical and Tethyan 

genera, whereas the late early Oligocene 

106

ostracodes do not include warm-water taxa, 

consisting of temperate realm genera. The 

middle Eocene–earliest Oligocene ostracodes 

do not include remarkable changes of species 

composition, in contract with equatorial 

Pacific radiolarians and West Coast USA 

molluscs. Ostracodes suggest that distinct 

climatic cooling did not occur in the 

southwestern Japan during the middle 

Eocene–earliest Oligocene. 

2009020335 

下寒武统双瓣节肢动物 Isoxys auritus 的解 

剖和系统分类的亲缘 = Anatomy and 

systematic affinities of the Lower Cambrian 

bivalved arthropod Isoxys auritus. ( 英文 ). Shu 

Degan; Zhang Xianliang; Geyer G. 

Alcheringa, 1995, 19(4): 333 - 342 

Soft parts of Isoxys auritus, such as 

antennae, biramous limbs, eyes, mouth, 

stomach and adductor muscle scars, have been 

discovered in material from the Early 

Cambrian Chengjiang fossil Lagerst tte in 

Yunnan, South China. Isoxys auritus bears 

two pairs of antennae and eleven pairs of 

primitive biramous appendages which suggest 

it to be a stem-lineage crustacean 

2009020336 

中生代昆虫单元 Chresmodidae 科 : 新的古 

生物和系谱分类资料 , 重点描述巴西下白垩 

统一新种 = The enigmatic Mesozoic insect 

taxon Chresmodidae (Polyneoptera): New 

palaeobiological and phylogenetic data, with 

the description of a new species from the 

Lower Cretaceous Brazil. ( 英文 ). Delclos X; 

Nel A; Azar D; Bechly G; Dunlop J A; Engel 

M S; Heads S W. Neues Jahrbuch fur 


Abhandlungen, 2008, 247(3): 353-381 

The morphology of the enigmatic, 

Mesozoic, aquatic insect family Chresmodidae 

is redescribed and its phylogenetic affinities 

among the polyneopterous orders discussed. 

New specimens from Spain, Lebanon, Brazil, 

and Germany permit a new re-description of 

some chresmodid body structures with 

concomitant implications for the phylogenetic 

position of the family. Chresmoda neotropica 

n. sp. is described from the Aptian-Albian of 

the Crato Formation (northeast Brazil). 

2009020337 

‘ Deprat 氏事件 ’ 中的三叶虫 = The 

trilobites of the 'affaire Deprat'. ( 英文 ). Henry 

J L. Alcheringa, 1994, 18(4): 359 - 362 

In 1919, Jacques Deprat, a French geologist, 

was recognized as responsible for introducing 

apocryphal trilobites into the material he 

collected in Vietnam and South China 

(Yunnan). The attempt to rehabilitate his 

reputation at a special session of the French 

Geological Society is based on Durand- 

Delga's investigations. However, many of the 

arguments presented by Durand-Delga seem 

controversial and are discussed below. 

2009020338 

新西兰北奥塔哥和南坎特伯雷晚渐新世至 

早中新世 Kokoamu 绿砂和 Otekaike 灰岩 

介形类生物地层和古生态 = Ostracod 

biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of the 

Kokoamu Greensand and Otekaike Limestone 

(Late Oligocene to Early Miocene), North 

Otago and South Canterbury, New Zealand. 

( 英文 ). Ayress M A. Alcheringa, 1993, 17(2): 

125 - 151 

An improved Mid Tertiary ostracod 

stratigraphy has been obtained from detailed 

sampling of four outcrop sections of Kokoamu 

Greensand and overlying Otekaike Limestone 

in the South Island, New Zealand. The 

sections include the stratotypes and reference 

sections for the New Zealand Duntroonian and 

Waitakian Stages (Late Oligocene to Early 

Miocene). Three key evolutionary events 

provide the main basis for correlation of the 

sections, and allow recognition of four zones. 

These events are, from oldest to youngest: the 

first appearance of Cytheralison amiesi, at 

about the Whaingaroan/Duntroonian Stage 

boundary; the last appearance of 

Agrenocythere semivera, together with a 

major faunal replacement, in the lower 

Duntroonian; and the first appearance of 

Trachyleberis jilletti sp. nov. at the 

Duntroonian/Waitakian Stage boundary. The 

lower boundary of the lowermost zone and 

upper boundary of the uppermost zone are not 

defined since they occur beyond the limits of 

the sequence. This correlation is consistent 

with that provided by foraminifera and 

enhances stratigraphical resolution particularly 

through the Duntroonian Stage. Changes in 

relative abundance and species composition 

throughout the sequence are similar in the 

sections studied and are considered to be 

controlled by facies and water depth. An outer 

shelf fauna in the lower part of the Kokoamu 

Greensand is replaced in the upper Kokoamu 

Greensand by a relatively shallow mid shelf 

fauna which persists into the Otekaike 

Limestone. In the upper Waitakian part of the 

107

Otekaike Limestone an inner shelf 

environment is indicated. Five new species are 

proposed: Cytheralison spinosa sp. nov., 

Cytheralison parafava sp. nov., Rugocythereis 

reticulata sp. nov., Trachyleberis jilletti sp. 

nov. and Vitjasiella dulplicispina sp. nov. 

2009020339 

南澳大利亚弗林德斯山脉下寒武统新的钝 

锥虫型三叶虫 = A new conocoryphid 

trilobite from the Lower Cambrian of the 

Flinders Ranges, South Australia. ( 英文 ). Jell 

P A; Jago J B; Gehling J G. Alcheringa, 1992, 

16(3): 189 - 200 

A new species of conocoryphid trilobite, 

Atops rupertensis, is described from the upper 

part of the Lower Cambrian Hawker Group of 

the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Atops 

has not been previously described from 

Australia. The specimens described herein 

represent the most detailed material yet 

available for the genus; a new generic 

diagnosis is given. It is suggested that 

Ivshiniellus Korobov is a synonym of Atops; 

the material described as Ivshiniellus 

briandailyi from the Heatherdale Shale near 

Adelaide probably belongs in Atops. It is 

possible that Atopina Korobov is a synonym 

of Pseudatops Lake. 

2009020340 

洪都拉斯太平洋沿岸上新世 - 更新世 

Ocypodidae 科 Uca 属一个新的招潮蟹种 = 

A new fiddler crab (genus Uca, Ocypodidae,) 

from The Plio-Pleistocene from the Pacific 

Coast of Honduras. ( 其他 ). Alonso P D. 

Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(4): 663-676 

The first fossils crabs from Honduras 

assigned to Uca Leach, 1814 (Brachyura, 

Ocypodidae) taken at Cedeno (Choluteca 

region) on the Pacific slope around the Gulf of 

Fonseca are described. Although Uca are 

common estuarine crustaceans with similar to 

100 extant species across the globe, their 

fossil record is extremely scarce with only five 

described taxa. Moreover, these descriptions 

are based on very fragmentary fossils with 

poor diagnostic features. On the basis of 

fourteen silicified specimens, Uca (Uca) 

marinae sp. nov. is described here. With a 

large, flattened major cheliped, the new 

species is most likely related to the extant 

species Uca ornata, U. maracoani and U. 

insignis. Farther analysis indicates that the 

phylogenetic positions of both the new species 

as well as U. antiqua (Miocene, Northern 

Brazil) are relatively close to U. ornata. 

Biogeographic, ethologic, and ecologic 

interpretations imply that the last common 

ancestor for the extant forms, Uca ornata, U. 

maraconai and U. insignis, and the extinct 

congeners, U. marinae and U. antique, had a 

Pan-American distribution prior to the early 

Miocene and experienced at least two 

vicariance events. The most recent probably 

occurred after the closing of the trans- 

Panamanian seaway during the Plio- 

Pleistocene separating U. insignis and U. 

maracoani. During an earlier era, another 

event created a lineage stemming from an 

ancestor of U. ornata. 

2009020341 

内蒙古中侏罗世新等脉类蜻蜓 (Insecta: 

Odonata : Isophlebioptera : 

Campterophlebiidae) = New Isophlebioid 

Dragonflies from the Middle Jurassic of Inner 

Mongolia, China ( Insecta : Odonata : 

Isophlebioptera: Campterophlebiidae). ( 英 

文 ). Zhang Binglan; Ren Dong; Pang Hong. 


1114 

Three new species of fossil dragonflies 

assigned to Sinokaratawia Nel, Huang and Lin 

in family Campterophlebiidae, i.e.S, 

daohugouica sp. nov., S. magica sp. nov. and 

S. gloriosa sp. nov., and new materials of 

male S. prokopi Nel, Huang and Lin, 2007 are 

described from the Middle Jurassic of 

Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. An 

emended diagnosis of genus Sinokaratawia 

was proposed. 

2009020342 

早奥陶世三叶虫 Thysanopyge 属 : 阿根廷 

西北部种和分布 = Thysanopyge (Trilobita, 

Early Ordovician): species and distribution in 

the northwest of Argentina. ( 其他 ). Waisfeld 

B G; Vaccari N E. Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(4): 

753-774 

The trilobite Thysanopyge Kayser is wellknown 

for the great size it attained, and the 

distinct spinosity of the pygidium, an 

infrequent feature among asaphids. It is a 

widespread trilobite taxon in northwestern 

Argentina, ranging in age from late 

Tremadocian to Floian. The present revision, 

based on material from numerous localities, 

proposes criteria for the identification of 

species groups, mainly upon different designs 

of the cranidial anterior area, and the marginal 

pygidial spines. A reinterpretation of the type 

species, the classical Thysanopyge argentina 

108

Kayser, is proposed, providing new features 

for its identification. Complete morphological 

information on Thysanopyge clavijoi 

Harrington and Leanza, otherwise known 

from cranidia, is supplied. Two Thysanopyge 

species: T. frenguelli Harrington and T. 

taurinus (Harrington), previously considered 

synonymous with T. argentina, are recognized 

as distinct and valid species. In addition, two 

new species, T. victoriensis sp. nov. and T. 

maderensis sp. nov., are fully described and 

illustrated. Two distinct morphotypes are 

recognized based upon different overall size 

ranges, proportions of exoskelentons, and 

pygidial design. Thysanopyge largely 

flourished in muddy substrates. Distribution of 

morphotypes and compostion and diversity of 

associated assemblages appear to be related to 

variation in oxygen levels, from welloxygenated 

to dysoxic bottom waters. 

2009020343 

内蒙古道虎沟中侏罗世 Palaeontinids 

(Insecta, Hemiptera) 化石新种 = New 

Fossil Palaeontinids from the Middle Jurassic 

of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China 

(Insecta, Hemiptera). ( 英文 ). Wang Ying; 

Ren Dong. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2009, 83(1): 

33-38 

Two new genera and species of fossil 

Palaeontinidae are described from Daohugou 

Village, Inner Mongolia, China : 

Cladocossus undulatus gen. et sp. nov. and 

Cricocossus paradoxus gen. et sp. nov. Both 

new genera are described based on wellpreserved 

forewings. This discovery confirms 

the high diversity of palaeontinids during the 

Middle Jurassic. Both specimens have 

interesting modal structures which are new to 

Palaeontinidae : M five-branched and M3 

with two branches. Based on this character, 

wing structural characteristic is discussed. 

2009020344 

冀北滦平盆地上侏罗统 Clam Shrimp 属 

Magumbonia 修订 = Revision of the Clam 

Shrimp Genus Magumbonia from the Upper 

Jurassic of the Luanping Basin, Hebei, 

Northern China. ( 英文 ). Li Gang; Shen 

Yanbin; Liu Yongqing; Bengtson P; Willems 

H; Hirano H. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2009, 

83(1): 46-51 

The diverse clam shrimp Nestoria- 

Keratestheria fauna is widely distributed in 

the Dabeigou Formation in northern Hebei 

and eastern Inner Mongolia of China. Its 

important component genus Magumbonia 

from the Dabeigou Formation in the Luanping 

Basin, northern Hebei, China, is revised on the 

basis of a scanning electron microscope 

( SEM ) examination of the type species 

M.jingshangensis Wang, 1984, which revealed 

morphological features not recognized 

previously. These include coarse reticulation 

on the umbo and prominent growth lines 

ornamented with densely spaced, small 

tubercles and fine lirae. 

2009020345 

法国琥珀中的始新世 bethylid 黄蜂 = 

Eocene bethylid wasps from French amber 

(Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). ( 英文 ). Perrichot 

V; Nel A. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. 


91-101 

The fossil record and geological history of 

wasps of the family Bethylidae is reviewed, 

and three new fossils are reported from Early 

Eocene amber of France. They all belong to 

the subfamily Epyrinae and are described as 

Rhabdepyris gallicus n. sp. - earliest known 

representative of this modern genus, 

Elektroepyris magnificus n. gen. and n. sp., 

and an undetermined Epyrini. The new fossils 

emphasize the high diversity of the subfamily 

Epyrinae during the Eocene. 

2009020346 

关于德国西南部中侏罗世推测的有尾目两 

栖动物 Boomgaardia 可能为异足目 ! = On 

the true nature of the supposed urodelan 

amphibian Boomgaardia v. Huene, 1948 from 

the Middle Jurassic of SW Germany - a 

tanaidacean!. ( 英文 ). Schweigert G; Etter W. 


/ Abhandlungen, 2008, 248(1): 123-127 

Boomgaardia was originally described to be 

an urodelan amphibian. Subsequently this 

interpretation was questioned and the 

specimens from the Aalenian of Swabia were 

reinterpreted as arthropods but without a 

closer determination. Now we identify the 

material of this taxon as a tanaidacean 

crustacean and selected a lectotype. 

Boomgaardia salamandriformis v. Huene, 

1948 represents a junior synonym of 

Opsipedon gracilis Heer, 1865. 

2009020347 

法国 Bas-Argens 盆地普罗旺斯大陆中二叠 

世新的节肢动物 ( 介形类背甲目和昆虫 

纲 : Syntonopterida) = New fossil 

109

arthropods (Notostraca and Insecta: 

Syntonopterida) in the Continental Middle 

Permian of Provence (Bas-Argens Basin, 

France). ( 中文 ). Garrouste R; Nel A; Gandd G. 

Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2009, 8(1): 49-57 

Apart frequent and relatively common 

ichnites, only a few body fossils (Ostracoda) 

have been mentioned in the Red Continental 

Permian formations of Provence till these last 

years. During 2006 and 2007 field researches, 

new arthropods have been discovered in the 

Pradineaux Formation of the Bas-Argens. 

They are Triopsidae (Crustacea, Notostraca) 

and an insect wing (Syntonopteridae) 

corresponding to a new genus and species 

Gallolithoneura butchlii gen. et sp. n. This 

latter is the first insect record in the Permian 

of Provence and the youngest one of this 

enigmatic Carboniferous paleopteran family. 

As in the other French Permian basins (Lodè 

ve, Saint-Affrique), these discoveries 

demonstrate that the Permian Provençal 

paleofauna was rich and diverse. For the 

Upper part of the Pradineaux Formation, 

Capitanian (Upper Guadalupian) in age, the 

Triopsidae mean the presence of periodical 

ponds settled in a playa environment evolving 

under a xerophytic climate. Gallolithoneura 

butchlii suggests also the presence of aquatic 

habitats. 

2009020348 

美洲第一个 Cordulephyidae 科蜻蜓 : 阿根 

廷新近纪昆虫纲蜻蜓目新属种 = First 

Cordulephyidae dragonfly in America: A new 

genus and species from the Paleogene of 

Argentina (Insecta: Odonata). ( 英文 ). 

Petrulevičius J F; Nel A. Comptes Rendus 

Palevol, 2009, 8(4): 385-388 

Palaeophya argentina gen. et sp. n. is the 

first American representative of the 

Cordulephyidae. The fossil belongs to 

Neophyinae and is closely related to the 

unique genus Neophya present in the Early 

Oligocene of England and extant in Africa. 

This fossil record supports the evidence of a 

Cretaceous age and a wide ancient distribution 

in Palaeogene warm regions for the 

Neophyinae, which acquire the status of relict 

in recent intertropical Africa. 

2009020349 

德国下巴伐利亚布尔迪加尔晚期一新亚科 

Concavinae = A new Concavinae (Cirripedia, 

Chesaconcavus) from the Late Burdigalian 

(Miocene) of Lower Bavaria (Germany). ( 英 

文 ). Carriol R-P; Schneider S. Neues 


Abhandlungen, 2008, 248(3): 

A new species of Concavinae, 

Chesaconcavus gurlarnensis, is described 

from the Upper Burdigalian (Ottnangian) 

Upper Marine Molasse deposits of Lower 

Bavaria (Germany). This species is 

characterized by narrow scuta with truncate 

basiscutal angle and ridge for lateral depressor 

muscle extending from apex to base of lateral 

depressor muscle pit, and terga with short, 

truncate spur, and open spur furrow. It is the 

first Chesaconcavus found in Europe. 

2009020350 

挪威奥斯陆地区中奥陶统 Elnes 组的三叶 

虫 = Trilobites of the Middle Ordovician 

Elnes Formation of the Oslo Region, Norway. 

( 英文 ). Hansen T. Fossils and Strata Volume 

56. Pages:224.Wiley-Blackwell Publishing 

Company.2009.978-1-4051-9884-4. 

The highly fossiliferous upper Darriwilian 

to lower Sandbian Elnes Formation of Norway 

presents an interesting insight into the general 

responses and preferences of Lower 

Palaeozoic faunas belonging to a stable, mud 

dominated middle to outer shelf environment 

in connection with a major transgressive to 

regressive system tract. The rich trilobite 

fauna consisting of nearly 100 taxa is closely 

linked to the changes in the environment, 

being most abundant in a muddy and 

siliciclastic dominated environment just above 

storm wave base. The fauna is highly endemic 

for the region and the remainder of 

Baltoscania. This monograph presents a 

taxonomic description of the total trilobite 

fauna, including a new genus and seven 

hitherto unknown species. New and extensive 

biostratigraphical data is presented on the 

trilobites together with a study on the 

biogeographical and ecological aspects of the 

faunas. 

2009020351 

中国中侏罗世半翅目 Procercopidae 科一个 

值得注意的新属 = A remarkable new genus 

of Procercopidae (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea) 

from the Middle Jurassic of China. ( 英文 ). 

Wang Bo; Zhang Haichun. Comptes Rendus 

Palevol, 2009, 8(4): 389-394 

Jurocercopis grandis, a new genus and 

species belonging to Procercopidae 

(Hemiptera: Cercopoidea), is described, based 

on seven specimens from the Middle Jurassic 

110

of Daohugou, China. It differs distinctly from 

other genera as follows: body and wings 

obviously large; pronotum with posterior 

margin straight; tegmen with costal margin 

convex at about basal 0.4 wing length; hind 

basitarsomere with a row of apical small teeth. 

2009020352 

是 5 亿年前的寄居节肢动物吗 = Hermit 

arthropods 500 million years ago. ( 英文 ). 

Hagadorn J W; Seilacher A. Geology, 2009, 

37(4): 295-298 

Cambrian intertidal sandstones of North 

America record early excursions of large 

animals onto tidal flats, where continuous 

microbial films served as preservational 

agents for surface tracks. Whereas 

biomineralized fossils are rare in such 

lithofacies, trace fossils from the Late 

Cambrian Elk Mound Group of Wisconsin 

illustrate how some arthropods might have 

managed to withstand the vicissitudes of 

subaerial exposure—by using foreign shells 

like hermit crabs. This behavior is suggested 

by trackways (Protichnites eremita isp. nov.), 

which have "tail" impressions that are 

obliquely segmented and always shingled to 

the left side. These anomalous impressions are 

best explained by a dextrally coiled shell 

intermittently touching the sediment. 

However, unlike in modern hermit crabs, this 

shell was too small to house the whole animal. 

It probably served only to provide a humid 

chamber that reduced desiccation of the 

animal's abdominal gills. The dorsal flexure of 

the tail, in connection with dextral shell 

coiling, resulted in left-hand shingling of the 

touch marks. 

2009020353 

葡萄牙奥陶纪巨大三叶虫和三叶虫集群 = 

Giant trilobites and trilobite clusters from the 

Ordovician of Portugal. ( 英文 ). Gutié rrez- 

Marco J C; Sá A A; García-Bellido D C; Rá 

bano I; Valério M. Geology, 2009, 37(5): 443- 

446 

Large quarrying surfaces of roofing slate in 

the Arouca Geopark (northern Portugal), 

formed under oxygen-depleted conditions, 

have yielded a unique Ordovician fossil 

lagerstätte that reveals new information on the 

social behavior of trilobites. It provides 

several of the world's largest trilobite 

specimens (some reaching 70 cm), showing 

evidence of possible polar gigantism in six 

different species, as well as numerous 

examples of monotaxic and polytaxic sizesegregated 

autochthonous trilobite clusters, 

some of which contain as many as 1000 

specimens. These reveal a very diverse social 

behavior, which includes temporary refuge 

from predation and synchronous molting and 

reproduction, demonstrated for the first time in 

five contemporary families of three different 

trilobite orders from a single formation. 

棘皮动物 

2009020354 

中国贵州凯里生物群中寒武统底部短茎始 

海百合类 = Basal Middle Cambrian shortstalked 

Eocrinoids from the Kaili Biota: 

Guizhou Province, China. ( 英文 ). Zhao Y L; 

Parsley R L; Peng J. Journal of 


Gogiid eocrinoids (Echinodermata) are the 

most abundant coelomate invertebrates in the 

Middle Cambrian (Taijiangian) Kaili Biota, 

Taijiang County, Guizhou Province, China. 

Both long- and short-stalked taxa are 

represented. The short-stalked Globoeocrinus 

globulus n. gen. and sp. has a globular theca, 

with well-developed sutural pores on all thecal 

plates in older mature specimens, short, thick 

stalk composed of small polygonal to rounded 

platelets, a large flattened attachment disc, and 

up to ten long, thin, helically coiled brachioles 

with tall, pointed cover plates. Some younger 

mature specimens have varying patches of 

non-pored plates that usually occur on the 

upper (probably) posterior portion of the theca. 

This species is over three times more abundant 

than the other co-occurring long-stalked 

gogiid Sinoeocrinus lui Zhao, Huang and 

Gong, 1994. Most specimens of G. globulus 

(ca. 80%) attach to acrotretid brachiopods, 

trilobite exuviae, or other skeletal remains. 

They are also capable of attaching directly to 

the seafloor. 

2009020355 

宾西法尼亚中部上奥陶统 Hatter 灰岩中不 

等海百合类新种 Haptocrinus buttsi 的系统 

分类和古生态 = Systematics and 

paleoecology of Haptocrinus buttsi, a new 

species of Disparid Crinoid from the Upper 

Ordovician Hatter limestone of Central 

Pennsylvania. ( 英文 ). Brower J C. Journal of 


Three crinoids are known from the Upper 

Ordovician Hatter Limestone at Union 

Furnace in central Pennsylvania, i.e., 

Haptocrinus buttsi n. sp., an unknown crinoid 

111

with a lichenocrinid holdfast, and an 

indeterminate columnal that probably belongs 

to a crinoid. Two crowns enable H. buttsi n. sp. 

to be reconstructed. The animal lived about 70 

cm above the seafloor and was attached to a 

strophomenid brachiopod with a lichenocrinid 

holdfast. Its endotomous arms formed an 

efficient filtration net that covered much of the 

water within its planar filtration fan. The 

application of filtration theory indicates that H. 

buttsi n. sp. could begin to feed at a 

comparatively low ambient current velocity 

and balance its energy budget. Like many 

other ramulate disparids, H. buttsi n. sp. 

mainly collected moderately small food 

particles. As a member of the 

Tornatilicrinidae, H. buttsi n. sp. is a relatively 

primitive disparid. Another crinoid taxon 

bears a longer and thinner stem and a different 

type of lichenocrinid holdfast cemented to the 

same strophomenid shell. A third species, 

most likely a crinoid, is represented by a 

single columnal. The fauna lived in a quiet 

water lagoonal area, which is an unusual 

habitat for Paleozoic crinoids. 

2009020356 

波兰卡洛夫阶浅水弓海百合类 = Evidence 

of shallow-water cyrtocrinids (Crinoidea) 

from the Callovian of Poland. ( 英文 ). 

Salamon M A; Gorzelak P. Neues Jahrbuch 


Abhandlungen, 2007, 244(3): 257-260 

The paper describes the cyrtocrinid crinoid, 

Dolichocrinus cf. aberrans, from the early 

Callovian of the Zalas Quarry. This crinoid 

occurs with other cyrtocrinid columnas 

referred to Cyrtocrinina fam. et sp. indet. 

These findings represent the first evidence of 

cyrtocrinid crinoids in shallow-water deposits. 

2009020357 

海草丛中的海胆 —— 头帕海胆捕食海百合 

的古生物和演化意义 = Urchins in the 

meadow: paleobiological and evolutionary 

implications of cidaroid predation on crinoids. 

( 英文 ). Baumiller T K; Mooi R; Messing C G. 

Paleobiology, 2008, 34(1): 22-34 

Deep-sea submersible observations made in 

the Bahamas revealed interactions between the 

stalked crinoid Endoxocrinus parrae and the 

cidaroid sea urchin Calocidaris micans. The in 

situ observations include occurrence of 

cidaroids within "meadows" of sea lilies, close 

proximity of cidaroids to several upended 

isocrinids, a cidaroid perched over the distal 

end of the stalk of an upended isocrinid, and 

disarticulated crinoid cirri and columnals 

directly underneath a specimen of C. micans. 

Guts of two C. micans collected from the 

crinoid meadow contain up to 70% crinoid 

material. Two of three large museum 

specimens of another cidaroid species, 

Histocidaris nuttingi, contain 14 – 99% 

crinoid material. 

A comparison of cidaroid gut contents with 

local sediment revealed significant differences: 

sediment-derived material consists of single 

crinoid ossicles often abraded and lacking soft 

tissue, whereas crinoid columnals, cirrals, 

brachials, and pinnulars found in the cidaroids 

are often articulated, linked by soft tissue, and 

unabraded. Furthermore, articulated, multielement 

fragments often show a mode of 

fracture characteristic of fresh crinoid material. 

Taken together, these data suggest that 

cidaroids prey on live isocrinids. 

We argue that isocrinid stalk-shedding, 

whose purpose has remained a puzzle, and the 

recently documented rapid crawling of 

isocrinids are used in escaping benthic 

predators: isocrinids sacrifice and shed the 

distal stalk portion when attacked by cidaroids 

and crawl away, reducing the chance of a 

subsequent encounter. If such predation 

occurred throughout the Mesozoic and 

Cenozoic (possibly since the mid-Paleozoic), 

several evolutionary trends among crinoids 

might represent strategies to escape predation 

by slow-moving benthic predators. 

2009020358 

墨西哥 Puebla 省 Tlayúa 采石场早白垩世 

阿尔布期新的蛇尾纲棘皮动物 = New 

Albian (Early Cretaceous) Ophiuroids From 

The Tlayúa Quarry, Puebla, Mexico. ( 英文 ). 

Martin-Medrano L; Thuy B; García-Barrera P. 


On the basis of six articulated individuals 

from the middle to late Albian lithographic 

limestone at Tlayúa near Tepexi de Rodríguez 

(Puebla, Mexico), a new species of ophiuroid, 

Ophiactis applegatei, is described. The 

material adds to the rather poor record of 

Early Cretaceous brittlestars and represents 

the oldest known member of the family 

Ophiactidae, being based on well-preserved 

and articulated specimens and thus reasonably 

well defined morphologically. The rarity of 

ophiuroids, their complete preservation as 

well as the unnatural contortions of their arms 

suggest these specimens to be allochthonous, 

having been transported into a hostile 

environment where burial was rapid. 

112

2009020359 

奥陶纪 — 早志留世海百合类通过取样校正 

的宏演化历史 = A sampling-adjusted 

macroevolutionary history for Ordovician – 

Early Silurian crinoids. ( 英文 ). Peters S E; 

Ausich W I. Paleobiology, 2008, 34(1): 104- 

116 

Temporal variation in sampling intensity 

and geologically controlled rates of fossil 

preservation distort macroevolutionary 

patterns in the fossil record. Here, we use a 

comprehensive, list-based compilation of 

taxonomically and stratigraphically vetted 

global crinoid genus occurrences to evaluate 

and correct for the effects of variable and 

incomplete sampling from the Ordovician 

through Early Silurian. After standardizing the 

number of occurrences or the number of 

biofacies used to estimate the stratigraphic 

ranges of genera and after adjusting rates of 

turnover to account for the incomplete 

preservation of true extinction and origination 

pulses, we find support for several important 

revisions to the macroevolutionary history of 

crinoids. First, in contrast to the uncorrected 

data, sample-standardized genus richness does 

not appear to increase by more than 20% after 

an abrupt Middle Ordovician (Harnagian) 

diversification. Second, the only significant 

short-term change in genus richness following 

the Harnagian increase is a 24% decline from 

the Rawtheyan to the Hirnantian. Third, 

volatility in rates of genus extinction is 

increased after adjusting for preservation and 

there remain significant peaks of extinction in 

the Rawtheyan, which marks the end- 

Ordovician extinction, and in the middle of the 

Early Silurian. Finally, significant increases in 

origination rates occur in the Early Silurian. 

These results reaffirm the importance of the 

end-Ordovician extinction for crinoids, but 

they also highlight the comparatively poorly 

sampled Early Silurian as a time of turnover 

among crinoids. 

Crinoid genus extinction rates are positively 

correlated with area-weighted rates of 

sedimentary package truncation, suggesting 

that extinction may have been controlled by 

physical environmental changes, such as the 

contraction of unique epicontinental sea 

habitats. The lack of a correlation between 

genus origination and sedimentary package 

initiation reinforces this hypothesis and 

suggests that other factors, such as 

evolutionary innovations and biotic 

interactions during the Ordovician radiation, 

may have been more important in controlling 

the diversification of crinoids. 

2009020360 

波兰中南部中侏罗世的捕食标志 —— 来自 

棘皮动物埋藏学的证据 = Signs of predation 

in the Middle Jurassic of south-central Poland: 

evidence from echinoderm taphonomy. ( 英文 ). 

Zato ń M; Villier L; Salamon M A. 

Lethaia, 2007, 40(2): 139-151 

Distinct faunal aggregates are described 

from the Middle Jurassic (uppermost 

Bajocian/lowermost Bathonian and Middle 

Bathonian) clay deposits of Częstochowa area, 

south-central Poland. These aggregates are 

composed of molluscs (scaphopods, 

gastropods, bivalves, ammonites and 

belemnites), articulate brachiopods and 

echinoderms (asteroids, crinoids and 

echinoids). A large percentage of the fossils, 

especially bivalves, are fragmented, but some 

fossils are complete. Although most of the 

fossils are crushed and fragmented, they are 

still identifiable to at least the genus level. 

Thorough statistical analysis of taphonomic 

features indicates that the preservation of 

asteroid marginal plates is distinct from the 

ossicles derived from the host clays. The high 

frequency of bite marks and the good state of 

preservation suggest that the accumulations 

are the products of predation activities and 

most probably are the effect of regurgitation. 

Taking into account the rich and diverse fauna, 

the predator was a bottom-feeding generalist. 

Possible predators include palaeospinacid 

sharks, a tooth of which was collected from 

the same bedding surface, but not associated 

with regurgitated remains. Although the bite 

marks on the asteroid ossicles point to sharks 

as potential producers of regurgitates, other 

vertebrates, like durophagous pycnodontiform 

fish, cannot be excluded. 

2009020361 

问题的根源 —— 哥特兰志留纪 ( 文洛克 

世 ) 特殊的海百合附着构造的古生态 = The 

root of the problem: palaeoecology of 

distinctive crinoid attachment structures from 

the Silurian (Wenlock) of Gotland. ( 英文 ). 

Donovan S K; Harper D A T; Håkansson E. 

Lethaia, 2007, 40(4): 313-320 

The holdfast (attachment structure) is the 

most understudied aspect of the palaeoecology 

of the endoskeleton of fossil crinoids. A new 

collection of well-preserved holdfasts from a 

recently reopened quarry at Hunninge, 

113

Gotland, in Homerian (upper Wenlock) strata 

includes several morphologies. The most 

common are terminal dendritic radicular 

holdfasts (TDRHs) that may be derived from 

the cladid Ennallocrinus d'Orbigny. These 

have a consistent morphology of five, equally 

spaced, long radices that spread across the sea 

floor. These crinoids were gregarious, and 

TDRHs in a group commonly show the same 

radice orientations. The radices have a large 

axial canal compared with those of modern 

crinoids; each included, at least, nervous 

tissues. Taken together, these features suggest 

that, apart from attachment, these distinctive 

TDRHs may have served a sensory function. 

Other holdfasts in this assemblage also show 

monospecific aggregations, perhaps 

suggesting biochemical attraction such as that 

shown by certain other sessile invertebrates 

such as barnacles. 

笔石动物 

2009020362 

法国 Montagne Noire 地区志留系底部的笔 

石 = Lowermost Silurian Graptolites of 

Montagne Noire, France. ( 英文 ). Štorch P; 

Feist R. Journal of Paleontology, 2008, 82(5): 

938-956 7 图版 . 

Twenty-seven graptolite species are 

reported from the lowermost Silurian 

(Rhuddanian) ascensus-acuminatus and 

vesiculosus biozones of Montagne Noire in 

southwestern France. Four species are left in 

open nomenclature, four are new: 

Normalograptus crassus, Neodiplograptus 

lautus, Dimorphograptus compactus and 

Huttagraptus solidus. The joint occurrence of 

Akidograptus ascensus, Parakidograptus 

acuminatus and Cystograptus ancestralis, 

recorded in the Gabian-1 section, suggests 

correlation of the whole succession at this site 

with the middle part of a combined ascensusacuminatus 

Biozone. Revision of museum 

collections revealed that other elements that 

are characteristic of the ascensus-acuminatus 

Biozone assemblage in peri-Gondwanan 

Europe, such as Normalograptus trifilis, N. 

longifilis and Neodiplograptus lanceolatus, 

have been recovered from several other 

localities in Montagne Noire that are no longer 

accessible. The graptolite assemblage of the 

Gabian-2 section, with common Cystograptus 

vesiculosus, Dimorphograptus extenuatus, D. 

elongatus and Atavograptus atavus, belongs to 

the lower part of the vesiculosus Biozone, 

whilst the appearance of D. swanstoni and D. 

physophora in the upper part of the section 

represents a higher, although not the 

uppermost, part of the biozone. This is the 

first record of a diverse dimorphograptid 

fauna within the vesiculosus Biozone in the 

Gondwanan part of Europe. 

2009020363 

阿根廷 Cymatograptus 笔石属的近缘发展 

及其与 Dichograptacea 类群早期演化的相 

关性 = The Proximal Development in 

Cymatograptus (Graptoloidea) from Argentina 

and Its Relevance for the Early Evolution of 

the Dichograptacea. ( 英文 ). Toro B A; Maletz 

J. Journal of Paleontology, 2008, 82(5): 974- 

983 4 图版 . 

Cymatograptus bidextro sp. nov. from the 

Floian "Baltograptus deflexus" Biozone of 

northwest Argentina represents the oldest 

expansograptid with an artus type proximal 

development and a prosicular origin of the 

first theca. The species bears a variably 

dextral or sinistral proximal development, 

previously known exclusively from 

Tremadocian members of the Anisograptidae, 

but not from the Dichograptidae. The 

proximal development types of the 

Dichograptacea are shown to consist of 

several independently changing characters and 

cannot be used as phylogenetically useful 

descriptors. Proximal developments are more 

variable than expected and several 

independent origins of an artus type proximal 

development can be recognized in the Lower 

to Middle Ordovician. 

2009020364 

奥陶纪末赫南特期大绝灭事件过程中脱氮 

海水对笔石绝灭和多样化的影响 = The 

influence of denitrifying seawater on 

graptolite extinction and diversification during 

the Hirnantian (latest Ordovician) mass 

extinction event. ( 英文 ). Finney S C; Berry W 

B N; Cooper J D. Lethaia, 2007, 40(3): 281- 

291 

A continuous trench exposure within the 

uppermost type Vinini Formation at Vinini 

Creek, Roberts Mountains, Nevada, provides 

an unparalleled opportunity to examine the 

fate of graptolites, prominent Paleozoic 

zooplankton, during most of the Hirnantian 

mass extinction event. On the basis of a 

detailed biostratigraphic and sedimentological 

dataset, the relatively complete extinction 

record is examined in the context of ecological 

constraints, and it is found to reflect an 

ecological collapse driven by glacio-eustatic 

114

sea-level fall and associated changes in 

oceanic circulation. Diverse graptolite 

populations of the Dicranograptidae- 

Diplograptidae- Orthograptidae (DDO) fauna, 

which flourished in denitrifying waters within 

the oceanic oxygen-minimum zone (OMZ) 

during sea-level highstand, largely vanished 

with the loss of these conditions during glacioeustatic 

sea-level fall. However, populations 

of one clade, the normalograptids, which 

inhabited the oxygenated waters of the photic 

zone, not only survived but diversified. These 

survivors gave rise to rapid recolonization and 

diversification with re-establishment of the 

oxygen-minimum and denitrifying conditions 

during post-Hirnantian sea-level rise. This 

ecological model also applies globally to other 

well-documented coeval stratigraphic intervals, 

representing both oceanic and platform sea 

settings. 

2009020365 

下垂式弯笔石型笔石 Keblograptus bidens 

= The pendent sigmagraptine graptoloid 

Keblograptus bidens (Keble). ( 英文 ). Riva J F. 

Alcheringa, 1992, 16(4): 315 - 319 

The pendent graptoloid Didymograptus 

bidens Keble is revived and assigned to the 

new genus Keblograptus and included in the 

family Sinograptidae, subfamily 

Sigmagraptina. This species has a short range 

in the Lower Ordovician (upper Chewtonian 

— lower Castlemainian) and may prove to be 

of significant biostratigraphic value. 

2009020366 

云南西南部西蒙地区泥盆纪最早期笔石 = 

Earliest Devonian graptolites from Ximeng, 

southwestern Yunnan, China. ( 英文 ). Chen 

Xu; Quan Quiqi. Alcheringa, 1992, 16(3): 181 

- 187 

Earliest Devonian graptolites are described 

from a fossiliferous band of the Lalei 

Formation at Lila in Ximeng county, 

southwestern Yunnan, China. As known from 

the 12 localities globally, the species 

described in this paper, Monograptus 

uniformis Pribyl, M. aequabilis (Pribyl) and M. 

microdon Richter, are mainly distributed 

along the marginal basins around different 

platforms and occasionally on the platform. 

The occurrence of the uniformis assemblage 

both in Ximeng and Qinzhou, China, provides 

more significant evidence for defining the 

Silurian — Devonian boundary in China. 

2009020367 

大洋洲奥陶纪笔石序列 = The Ordovician 

graptolite sequence of Australasia. ( 英文 ). 

Vandenberg A H M; Cooper R A. 

Alcheringa, 1992, 16(1): 33 - 85 

The classical Ordovician graptolite 

succession of Victoria has long been taken as 

standard for the region and widely used for 

subdivision and correlation of Ordovician 

sequences around the world. We review the 

Victorian succession and incorporate other 

Australian and New Zealand graptolitic 

sequences into an Australasian set of zones 

and stages. Thirty zones are recognized and 

defined, of which one (Ca4, Isograptus 

victoriae maximodivergens) is new and two 

(La1, Da4) each comprise two subzones. 

Several zones are redefined, but the previous 

zone notation has been retained. Nine stages 

are recognized (as previously) and defined, six 

(Lancefieldian, Bendigonian, Chewtonian, 

Castlemainian, Yapeenian, Darriwilian) in the 

Early Ordovician and three (Gisbornian, 

Eastonian, Bolindian) in the Late Ordovician; 

reference sections for each are nominated. The 

Bolindian stage contains 5 zones, here 

designated Bol-5. The Australasian stages are 

correlated internationally. A census of 

Australasian graptolite taxa lists the currently 

recognized 313 species and subspecies, with 

references. A range chart shows the zonal 

distribution of all species, and reveals an 

average duration of 2·46 zones per species, 

approximately equivalent to 5 Ma. The pattern 

of diversity change shows maxima during the 

Bendigonian-Chewtonian (peaking in Be1 

with 55 taxa), late Castlemainian-mid 

Darriwilian, and late Gisbornian-early 

Eastonian. Species originations peak in Be1 

and Da3 and are high throughout much of the 

Late Ordovician. Extinctions peak in the Da3 

and are high towards the end of the 

Ordovician. 

分类位置不明 

2009020368 

Charnia 研究 50 年 : 埃迪卡拉叶状体发育 

模式 = Charnia At 50: Developmental Models 

For Ediacaran Fronds. ( 英文 ). Antcliffe J B; 

Brasier M D. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(1): 

11–26 

Correct interpretation of the Ediacara biota 

is critical to our understanding of the dramatic 

events at the base of the Cambrian. We review 

here the history of thought and examine new 

laser images of the holotype of Charnia 

masoni Ford, 1958, of the Ediacara biota, in 

115

terms of growth and development. Growth and 

development are argued to provide critical 

tools for understanding this and other 

enigmatic fossil groups. We show that 

Charnia cannot be related to the modern 

cnidarian group, the sea pens, with which it 

has for so long been compared, because they 

have opposite growth polarities. This is shown 

by our work on material collected by HMS 

challenger. Recent evolutionary studies also 

show that sea pens are a highly derived group 

of actively burrowing cnidarians that are 

likely to have evolved later than the 

Palaeozoic. The traditional paradigm of 

translating Phanerozoic animal phyla back 

into the Ediacaran is therefore questioned. 

2009020369 

埃迪卡拉叶状体 = Ediacaran fronds. ( 英文 ). 

Laflamme M; Narbonne G M. 

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology 

Palaeoecology, 2008, 258(3): 162-179 

Leaf-shaped Ediacaran fronds such as 

Charniodiscus, Charnia, Rangea and 

Swartpuntia are among the most widespread 

and readily recognized elements of the softbodied 

Ediacara Biota (late Neoproterozoic). 

Recent papers have proposed a variety of 

possible lifestyles for Ediacaran fronds, but 

functional morphological analysis supports the 

traditional view that Ediacaran fronds 

gathered nutrients from the water column 

through filter feeding or direct nutrient 

absorption, resulting in the onset of 

Phanerozoic-style ecological competition 

complete with denizens occupying distinct 

tiers in the water column. Within the standard 

Ediacaran frond morphoshape, four distinct 

branching architectures have been isolated: 

Arborea-type branching, characterized by peapod 

like primary branches which house 

several secondary branches within the 

protective sheath; Charnia-type branching, 

resulting in a zigzagging central axis due to 

the overlapping of alternating sigmoidal 

primary branches which overly an inferred 

internal stalk; Rangea-type branching, 

consisting of petaloids composed of several 

overlapping primary branches which are selfsimilar 

(fractal) over three orders of branching 

and attached to a straight central stalk; and 

Swartpuntia-type branching, consisting of 

petaloids with unornamented tube-like 

primary branches. Traditional Ediacaran 

taxonomy has emphasized unity of fronds as a 

high-level taxon, but the frond morphology 

most likely represents convergent evolution 

resulting from competition for nutrients in the 

water column. It is recommended that any 

new, higher-order classification schemes 

highlight the differences in branching 

architecture as a way of recognizing clades 

within the Ediacara biota. 

2009020370 

乌克兰 Podolia 地区志留系最早的内共生的 

矿化的管居蠕虫 = The Earliest 

Endosymbiotic mineralized Tubeworms from 

the Silurian of Podolia, Ukraine. ( 英文 ). Vinn 

O; Mõtus M-A. Journal of Paleontology, 2008, 

82(2): 409-414 3 图版 . 

The earliest endosymbiotic tubeworms have 

been discovered within skeletons of the 

tabulate coral Heliolites sp. from the Silurian 

(Ludlow) of Podolia, Ukraine. The new 

tubeworm species has a maximum diameter 

about 1 mm, a slightly conical tube, a smooth 

lumen in the tube and a lamellar wall structure. 

The tube wall is 0.05–0.10 mm thick. The 

new endosymbiotic tubeworm Coralloconchus 

bragensis n. gen. and sp. shares zoological 

affinities with the tentaculitids (incertae sedis) 

and is assigned to the Family Cornulitidae 

(Tentaculita, Cornulitida). 

2009020371 

欧洲几种新生代龙介类的系统分类意义及 

其管孔超微构造的化石化 = Taxonomic 

implications and fossilization of tube 

ultrastructure of some Cenozoic serpulids 

(Annelida, Polychaeta) from Europe. ( 英文 ). 

Vinn O. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. 


115-128 

The diversity of tube ultrastructrures in 

Cenozoic fossil serpulids is similar to that of 

Recent serpulids. Diagenetically altered tubes 

can be easily distinguished from well 

preserved serpulid tubes. Fossil serpulids have 

taxon-specific tube ultrastructures which can 

help to identify the species and also link them 

to the extant serpulids. Tube ultrastructures of 

Hydoides elegans, Placostegus polymorphus, 

Pomatoceros sp., Protula canavarii, P. 

protensa, Pyrgopolon mellevillei, Serpula 

muricata, Serpula sp., and Spiraserpula sp. 

from the Cenozoic of Europe are described. 

2009020372 

中国和澳大利保存在截然不同的埋葬环境 

中的八臂的埃迪卡拉化石 = Eight-armed 

Ediacara fossil preserved in contrasting 

taphonomic windows from China and 

116

Australia. ( 英文 ). Zhu Maoyan; Gehling J G; 

Xiao Shuhai; Zhao Yuanlong; Droser M L. 

Geology, 2008, 36(11): 867-870 

We report the preservation of the eightarmed 

Ediacara fossil Eoandromeda 

octobrachiata as carbonaceous compressions 

in the Doushantuo black shale of south China 

and as casts and molds in the Rawnsley 

Quartzite in South Australia. The contrasting 

preservational styles in two taphonomic 

windows indicate that E. octobrachiata may 

have had a relatively recalcitrant organic 

integument, which rules out its close 

comparison with giant agglutinated 

foraminifers such as xenophyophores. Its 

octaradial symmetry and dextrally spiraling 

arms suggest that it may be a diploblasticgrade 

animal sharing some features with 

cnidarians and ctenophores, although its 

phylogenetic affinity remains open. It is the 

first and only unambiguously identified 

Ediacaran macrofossil that occurs in two 

drastically different taphonomic windows, 

thus bridging the conventional biological and 

taxonomic gaps between the Ediacara and 

Miaohe biotas, which collectively record the 

earliest known macroscopic and complex life. 

2009020373 

中寒武统布尔吉斯页岩 Opabinia 附肢的性 

质和意义 = The nature and significance of the 

appendages of Opabinia from the Middle 

Cambrian Burgess Shale. ( 英文 ). Zhang 

Xingliang; Briggs D E G. Lethaia, 2007, 40(2): 

161-173 

Opabinia regalis has long been regarded as a 

curious animal, with its five eyes, its long 

flexible anterior process, and gill lamellae 

carried on the outside of overlapping lateral 

lobes. More recently, Opabinia has been 

reconstructed with lobopod limbs lying 

adaxial but separate from the lateral lobes. 

This version of Opabinia represented a 

lobopod–arthropod transition and prompted a 

hypothesis for the origin of the biramous limb 

that involved uniting the lobopod limb with a 

lateral lobe. New evidence of elemental maps 

is consistent with previous interpretations of 

the triangular structures in Opabinia as lateral 

extensions of the gut; there is no convincing 

evidence for the presence of lobopod limbs. 

Re-examination of critical specimens reveals 

that the gill lamellae are not on the outside of 

the lateral lobes. The limbs of Opabinia 

resemble the phyllopodous exopod of 

arthropods; the posterior margin is fringed 

with blades. Opabinia remains on the stem of 

euarthropods but not as a part of a 

paraphyletic Lobopodia. The Lobopodia is a 

clade of Cambrian armoured lobopods and 

onychophorans. A new hypothesis for the 

origin of the arthropod biramous limb from an 

exopod like that in Opabinia is presented, 

which involves an endite-bearing 

phyllopodous limb as an intermediate stage. 

2009020374 

埃迪卡拉纪微生物集群 = Ediacaran 

microbial colonies. ( 英文 ). Grazhdankin D; 

Gerdes G. Lethaia, 2007, 40(3): 201-210 

Enigmatic discoidal fossils are common in 

Neoproterozoic sedimentary sequences and in 

the stratigraphic record pre-date the first 

appearance of diverse Ediacaran fossil 

assemblages. Termed 'medusoids', these 

Neoproterozoic discoidal fossils have 

generally been interpreted as coelenterategrade 

organisms implying a radially 

symmetrical body plan for ancestral 

eumetazoans. Analysis of exceptionally 

preserved discoidal fossils from the White Sea 

area, however, indicates that most of these 

discoidal forms represent colonial microbes. 

Localized pyritization, for example, reveals 

the presence of a conspicuous filamentous 

substructure in Ediacaria, whereas concentric 

rings, radial sectors and central structures in 

Cyclomedusa and Paliella compare directly 

with Recent microbial colonies growing in a 

nutritionally heterogeneous environment. At 

least some Ediacaran discoids can be 

compared with extant concentric ring-shaped 

microbial colonies that grow in hypersaline 

microbial mats. Insofar as most of the 

remaining record of Ediacaran discoids can be 

attributed to the holdfast structures of nonradiate 

modular organisms, there is no support 

from the fossil record for identifying a radiate 

ancestry for the Metazoa. 

2009020375 

龙介多毛类 Ditrupa 体管中独特的鎂 - 钙骨 

骼超微构造 = Unique Mg-calcite skeletal 

ultrastructure in the tube of the serpulid 

polychaete Ditrupa. ( 英文 ). Vinn O; Mutvei H; 

ten Hove H A; Kirsimae K. Neues Jahrbuch 


Abhandlungen, 2008, 248(1): 79-89 

The tube wall in Ditrupa is composed of 

two layers of Mg-calcite. The outer, hyaline 

layer has a unique type ultrastructure, 

unknown in other invertebrate skeletons, here 

termed regularlyridged prismatic structure 

(RRP). RRP structure exclusively 

117

characterises the genus Ditrupa and had 

already evolved in the Eocene D. strangulata 

and Miocene D. gracillima. 

古脊椎动物学 

综论 

2009020376 

北太平洋区域晚白垩世的 Coleoid 的下颌 = 

Late Cretaceous Octobrachiate Coleoid lower 

jaws from the North Pacific regions. ( 英文 ). 

Tanabe K; Trask P; Ross R; Hikida Y. Journal 


Eight well-preserved cephalopod jaw fossils 

were discovered from the Upper Cretaceous 

(Santonian and Campanian) deposits of 

Vancouver Island, Canada, and Hokkaido, 

Japan. They occur individually in calcareous 

concretions and retain their three-dimensional 

architecture. Seven of them consist of a 

widely open outer lamella and a posteriorly 

projected inner lamella with a pointed rostrum. 

Both lamellae are made of fluorapatite, which 

may represent diagenetically altered chitin, 

and lack a calcareous element. Based on these 

diagnostic features, the seven jaw fossils are 

identified as lower jaws of the Coleoidea. 

Comparison with the lower jaws of modern 

coleoids allows us to distinguish the following 

new genera and species among them; 

Nanaimoteuthis jeletzkyi of the Order 

Vampyromorphida, and Paleocirroteuthis 

haggarti and P. pacifica of the Order 

Cirroctopodida. The lower jaws of these new 

taxa are clearly distinguished by having a 

much less projected inner lamella from those 

of modern and extinct species of the 

Superorder Decabrachia and the Order 

Octopodida. The maximum lengths of their 

outer lamellae (35.0 – 67.1 mm) are much 

larger than those of most modern 

vampyromorph and cirroctopodid species, 

indicating the large body size and weight of 

their owners. One of the other three lower 

jaws examined, characterized by a posteriorly 

extended outer lamella, may be assigned to the 

Octopodida. This study clearly demonstrates 

that large octobrachiate coleoids existed in the 

Late Cretaceous North Pacific. 

2009020377 

矿物学方法确定化石化骨骼埋藏和成岩历 

史的旋回性 = A mineralogical method to 

determine cyclicity in the taphonomic and 

diagenetic history of fossilized bones. ( 英文 ). 

Clarke J B. Lethaia, 2004, 37(3): 281 - 284 

The study of authigenic minerals within the 

voids of a fossilized bone can reveal its 

diagenetic history. When the order of 

precipitation of minerals is plotted on an 

Eh/pH diagram any cyclicity in the diagenetic 

history is revealed. If one cycle is displayed 

then it can be assumed that the bone has been 

found in its original bed of deposition; if two 

cycles or more are revealed then reworking or 

environmental change may have taken place. 

This is demonstrated in a case study of two 

bones from the Wealden Group (Lower 

Cretaceous) from the Isle of Wight, UK. 

2009020378 

阿根廷门多萨 Calmu-Co area 地区 

Loncoche 组白垩纪脊椎动物 = Cretaceous 

vertebrates from the Loncoche Formation in 

Calmu-Co area, Mendoza, Argentina. ( 其他 ). 

Previtera E; Riga B J G. Ameghiniana, 2008, 

45(2): 349-359 

We describe new fossil vertebrates from the 

Loncoche Formation in the Calmu-Co area of 

Mendoza Province, Argentina. At this site the 

lower section of the formation corresponds to 

lacustrine and meandering fluvial 

environments (facies associations A and B, 

respectively), whereas the middle levels of the 

formation are assigned to marginal marine 

deposits (facies association C). The 

vertebrates were found in facies association C 

and include fishes (i.e., Chondrichthyes, 

Teleostei, Lepisosteidae and Dipnoi), 

Chelidae turtles (cf. Yaminuechelys, cf. 

Prochelidella), dinosaurs (Titanosauria) and 

plesiosaurs (Elasmosauridae). The remains, 

found in clastic and calcareous facies 

(mudstones and grainstones), are interpreted 

to reflect channel and delta c plain 

environments. The diverse ecology (terrestrial, 

fresh water, marine) and the fragmentary 

character of these skeletal concentrations 

suggest mixing of fossil remains from littoral 

environments and fluvial systems. Our 

findings indicate that the Atlantic marine 

ingression that covered northern Patagonia 

reached Calmu-Co, in the western part of the 

Neuquen basin. Vertebrates from Calmu-Co 

area are assigned to the late Campanian-early 

Maastrichtian on the basis of similarities with 

vertebrates assemblages found in other sites 

within Mendoza (Ranquil-Co) and northern 

Patagonia (Rio Negro and Chubut provinces, 

Allen, La Colonia and Los Alamitos 

formations). 

2009020379 

118

澳大利亚新南威尔士西部奥陶纪脊椎动物 

兼评寒武纪 - 奥陶纪脊椎动物分布模式 = An 

Ordovician vertebrate from western New 

South Wales, with comments on Cambro- 

Ordovician vertebrate distribution patterns. 

( 英文 ). Young G C. Alcheringa, 2009, 33(1): 

79-89 

fish plate impression from the Ordovician 

Rowena Formation in Mutawintji National 

Park is referred to an indeterminate species of 

the genus Arandaspis Ritchie & Gilbert- 

Tomlinson, 1977, genotype of the family 

Arandaspididae, previously known only from 

the Middle Ordovician Stairway Sandstone in 

the Amadeus Basin of central Australia. The 

Rowena Formation has previously been 

correlated with units underlying the Stairway 

Sandstone (Pacoota Sandstone, Horn Valley 

Siltstone) in the Amadeus Basin, from which a 

second arandaspid Porophoraspis represents 

the earliest occurrence in the fossil record that 

demonstrates two defining developmental 

characters of the vertebrates (neural crest, 

epidermal placodes). The new occurrence of 

Arandaspis is consistent with the Middle 

Ordovician (Darriwilian) age for the upper 

part of the Rowena Formation indicated by 

recent studies of trilobites. The order 

Arandaspidiformes, also known from the 

Upper Ordovician of South America 

(Sacabambaspis), defines a 'Gondwana 

Endemic Assemblage', which may have been 

established already by the late Cambrian. 

Although the first phase of vertebrate 

biomineralization is not yet documented from 

the Cambro-Ordovician of Asia, the oldest 

vertebrates in the early Cambrian Chengjiang 

fauna and diverse agnathans and gnathostomes 

by Early Silurian time in South China 

implicate this as a significant area in the 

evolution of the earliest vertebrates 

2009020380 

澳大利亚昆士兰西北部 Riversleigh 地区原 

始袋鼠化石 = Primitive macropodids from 

Riversleigh, north-western Queensland. ( 英 

文 ). Cooke B N. Alcheringa, 1992, 16(3): 201 

- 217 

Three new species of macropodids, 

Ganawamaya acris gen. et sp. nov., G. ornata 

sp. nov., and G. aediculis sp. nov., are 

described from the Early to Mid Miocene 

limestone deposits of Riversleigh, 

northwestern Queensland. I 1 morphology is 

similar to that reported in undescribed species 

from the Kutjumarpu Local Fauna and may 

represent a synapomorphy for Balbarinae. 

Molar morphology of the species of 

Ganawamaya is intermediate between that of 

the known species of Nambaroo and those of 

Balbaroo. Deep penetration of the masseteric 

canal within the mandible, as seen in G. acris 

and G. aediculis and now known to occur in 

other Riversleigh balbarine species, is 

suggested as a potential macropodoid 

synapomorphy 

2009020381 

澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚西北部艾达姆阶 

aglaspidid = An Idamean aglaspidid from 

northwestern Tasmania. ( 英文 ). Jago J B; 

Baillie P W. Alcheringa, 1992, 16(1): 14 

2009020382 

最早的脊椎动物和头骨进化的第一步 = The 

earliest vertebrates and the first steps of the 

evolution of the skull. ( 法文 ). Janvier P. 


219 

Vertebrates are one of the few metazoan 

taxa, which display a well-corroborated 

phylogenetic pattern, a good and anatomically 

informative fossil record, and a relatively slow 

ontogenetic development. They are thus a 

favourite taxon for illustrating evolution as a 

historical process, although the stem of the 

vertebrate tree remains poorly documented by 

fossils, except for some Early Cambrian forms. 

Therefore, the characterization of the 

vertebrates now rests essentially on a small 

number of developmental characters, mostly 

involved in the rise of the skull, and whose 

precursors may occur in other chordates. The 

tree of the crown-group vertebrates also shows 

some major morphological gaps due to early 

extinctions, but a number of Palaeozoic stem 

gnathostome taxa helps in documenting the 

agnathan-gnathostome evolutionary transition. 

However, stem cyclostomes remain elusive. 

鱼类 

2009020383 

澳大利亚维多利亚下泥盆统一新 

Onychodontiform 类群 = New 

Onychodontiform 

(Osteichthyes; 

Sarcopterygii) from the Lower Devonian of 

Victoria, Australia. ( 英文 ). Johanson Z; Long 

J A. Journal of Paleontology, 2007, 81(5): 

1031-1043 5 图版 . 

The Onychodontiformes is a poorly known 

sarcopterygian fish group, with four genera 

currently described, predominantly from the 

119

Middle-Late Devonian. A new onychodont, 

Bukkanodus jesseni n. gen. and sp., from the 

Fairy Formation, Victoria, Australia, is of 

Early Devonian (mid-late Pragian) age, 

representing one of the oldest known 

occurrences of this group. Other Pragian 

onychodonts are represented by a single lower 

jaw from China, while older occurrences 

(Lochkovian) include a lower jaw also from 

China and isolated teeth from Nevada. The 

Australian material, though disarticulated, 

includes skull, jaw, and palatal and dental 

specimens. These specimens share 

characteristics with younger onychodont taxa, 

including a laterally compressed tooth whorl 

with main and accessory rows containing an 

equal number of teeth, an anteriorly arched 

shape of the premaxilla, a lateral rostral bone 

participating in the orbital margin, parietals 

separated in the midline by small bones, the 

insertion of the basisphenoid region of the 

braincase into a posterior area on the 

parasphenoid, and an ethmoidal sensory canal 

running along the dorsal margin of the 

premaxilla rather than through the bone. 

Bukkanodus jesseni differs from other 

onychodonts in the presence of a distinct 

vomer, coronoids with fang pairs, a restricted 

herringbone pattern of ribs on enamel ridges 

of teeth, and the presence of a cluster of large 

pores on certain skull and jaw bones. The 

course of the ethmoid sensory canal and this 

cluster of pores are plesiomorphic features for 

the Onychodontiformes, also occurring in 

primitive sarcopterygian taxa such as 

Youngolepis, Powichthys, and Kenichthys. The 

opening of this cluster on the internal surface 

of the premaxilla resembles the rostral organ 

of derived coelacanths. 

2009020384 

墨西哥 Puebla 地区 Tlayúa 采石场下白垩 

统 Albian 阶平版灰岩中 Halecomorphi 一 

新属 = A new Genus of ionoscopiform fish 

(Halecomorphi) from the Lower Cretaceous 

(Albian) lithographic limestones of the Tlayúa 

Quarry, Puebla, Mexico. ( 英文 ). Jes ú s 

alvarado-ortega; Luis Espinosa-arrubarrena. 


175 5 图版 . 

Quetzalichthys perrilliatae n. gen. and sp. is 

described based on five specimens from 

Lower Cretaceous (Middle-Upper Albian) 

limestones of the Tlayúa Quarry, near Tepexi 

de Rodr í guez, Puebla, Mexico. This new 

taxon displays the diagnostic characters of 

Ionoscopiformes, which consequently 

designate it as a new member of this order of 

Mesozoic fishes. Additionally, Quetzalichthys 

n. gen. shares several derived characters with 

Ionoscopus and Oshunia, including the 

presence of more than 15 supraneurals, solid 

and well-ossified monospondylous vertebrae 

with two lateral longitudinal oval fossae, thin 

scales of the amioid type, and the ventral 

surface of some circumorbital bones being 

intensely pitted. Quetzalichthys perrilliatae is 

characterized by three unique characters: 26 

abdominal centra, 21 principal dorsal fin rays, 

and two supraorbitals. Additionally, its 

unpaired fins and tail show conditions 

intermediate to those found in Ionoscopus and 

Oshunia. A cladistic analysis of 

Ionoscopiformes, including both taxa found in 

the Tlay ú a Quarry (Quetzalichthys and 

Teoichthys), identifies two monophyletic 

families within the order, Ophiopsidae 

(including Ophiopsis, Macrepistius, 

Teoichthys) and Ionoscopidae (involving 

Ionoscopus, Oshunia, and Quetzalichthys). 

2009020385 

摩洛哥和撒丁岛法门期的 Chondrichthyan 

的微小残积 = Famennian Chondrichthyan 

Microremains from Morocco and Sardinia. 

( 英文 ). Derycke C; Spalletta C; Perri M C; 

Corradini C. Journal of Paleontology, 2008, 

82(5): 984-995 3 图版 . 

New material from the Famennian of 

Morocco in the southern Maider comprises 

chondrichthyan teeth (Thrinacodus, 

Cobelodus, Denaea, Stethacanthus), 

actinopterygian remains (scales, teeth and 

hemilepidotrichium) and one acanthodian 

scale. The absence of crushing teeth suggests 

deeper water environments for the Maider 

Basin than the Tafilalt Basin. Vertebrate 

microremains from the Famennian of Sardinia, 

including Siamodus and Jalodus teeth, are 

illustrated and described. Ichthyofaunal 

relationships of the North Gondwanan 

platform during the Famennian are examined. 

2009020386 

加利福尼亚洛杉机盆地中新统的琵琶鱼 = 

Fossil Ceratioid Anglerfishes (Teleostei: 

Lophiiformes) from the Miocene of the Los 

Angeles Basin, California. ( 英文 ). Carnevale 

G; Pietsch T W; Takeuchi G T; Huddleston R 

W. Journal of Paleontology, 2008, 82(5): 996- 

1008 12 图版 . 

120

Fossil ceratioid anglerfishes are described 

from the Upper Miocene (upper Mohnian) 

deposits of the Puente Formation, Los Angeles 

Basin, California. The specimens were 

collected from the laminated turbiditic 

deposits of the Yorba Member in the eastern 

sector of the Los Angeles Basin during the 

construction of a new metro rail line. Five taxa 

(Borophryne cf. apogon; Chaenophryne aff. 

melanorhabdus; Leptacanthichthys cf. 

gracilispinis; Linophryne cf. indica; 

Oneirodes sp.) belonging to two families, 

Linophrynidae and Oneirodidae, are described 

based on nine metamorphosed females. A 

detailed osteological analysis of the fossils has 

revealed that they can be tentatively assigned 

to extant species, suggesting that little or no 

relevant morphological change has 

characterized these taxa at least since the Late 

Miocene. Biogeographic considerations 

suggest that the Late Miocene ceratioid 

assemblages of the Los Angeles Basin are 

strikingly similar to those that currently 

inhabit the tropical and subtropical eastern 

Pacific region. From a paleoenvironmental 

point of view, the excellent preservation of the 

specimens suggests a reduced turbulence and 

velocity of the turbidity fluxes. Finally, the 

comparative study of the bathymetric ranges 

of the ceratioid taxa recognized in the fossil 

assemblage described in this paper suggests 

that the minimum depth of the depositional 

environment might be estimated at 

approximately 1,000 m. 

2009020387 

西班牙东北部 Alcaine 地区早白垩世 

Lancetfish 牙齿化石 = Lancetfish teeth 

(Neoteleostei, Alepisauroidei) from the Early 

Cretaceous of Alcaine, NE Spain. ( 英文 ). 

Kriwet J. Lethaia, 2003, 36(4): 323 - 331 

Isolated teeth of fossil lancetfishes 

(Neoteleostei, Alepisauroidei) are reported 

from Early Cretaceous strata of the Oliete 

subbasin (Iberian basin) in NE Spain. These 

are the oldest remains attributable to 

alepisauriform teleosts. The fossil-bearing 

strata are dated as lower Barremian. The teeth 

were recovered from shallow marine to 

lagoonal sediments. They closely resemble 

teeth of the fossil alepisauriforms Enchodus 

and Cimolichthys in overall morphology. The 

combination of fang-like morphology, 

sculpture consisting of apico-basal striations, 

postapical barb, absence of distal cutting edge, 

and wide pulp cavity surrounded by a rather 

thin layer of dentine is interpreted as the most 

basal tooth pattern in alepisauriforms. These 

remains may be isolated, but this study 

emphasizes the true value of such remains for 

palaeobiological studies, predicting the fossils 

provide characters for phylogenetic analyses. 

2009020388 

意大利 Romagna Apennines 区域中上新世 

半深海鲨类 = Bathyal sharks from the middle 

Pliocene of the Romagna Apennines (Italy). 

( 英文 ). Marsili S; Tabanelli C. Neues 


Abhandlungen, 2007, 244(2): 247-255 

The teeth are referred to the species 

Scymnodon cf. ringens, Centrophorus cf. 

granulosus, Deania aff. calcea, and 

Pristiophorus sp. representing the first record 

of bathyal sharks for the Romagna region. 

These new data fill partly the stratigraphic gap 

that characterizes the Plio-Pleistocene deepwater 

elasmobranch record in the 

Mediterranean. Paleobiogeographic and 

paleoecologic implications are discussed. 

2009020389 

德国西北部 Bramsche 附近 Osteroden 地区 

中始新世耳石 = The otoliths from the middle 

Eocene of Osteroden near Bramsche, northwestern 

Germany. ( 英文 ). Schwarzhans W. 


/ Abhandlungen, 2007, 244(3): 299-369 

Fish otoliths are described. A total of 82 

species are described, 19 as newly established 

and 14 in open nomenclature. This is the first 

record of Eocene otoliths from northern 

Germany and located at some distance to the 

north and east from the well-known Eocene 

otolith assemblages of Belgium, the 

Hampshire Basin, the Paris Basin and the 

Aquitaine Basin. The new taxa ,Notacanthus 

nolfi, Muraenesox furcatus, Chlorophthalmus 

eflecticauda are described. 

2009020390 

乍得中新统上部一新 Semlikiichthys: 化石 

记录及古生物地理学意义 = A new 

Semlikiichthys fish (Teleostei, Perciformes) 

from the Upper Miocene of Chad: fossil 

record and palaeobiogeographical implications. 

( 英文 ). Otero O; Likius A; Vignaud P; Brunet 

M. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(4): 917-932 

Semlikiichthys is a fossil genus of 

perciform fish from the Neogene continental 

deposits of Africa. Until now, it was known in 

Mio-Pliocene sites of the Great Lake Region 

and of the River Nile by a single species, S. 

121

hachirhinchus. Here, we describe new 

Semlikiichthys material recovered from 

Central Africa (Upper Miocene of Toros- 

Menalla, western Djurab, Chad), and compare 

it to S. rhachirhinchus, which is the only 

known species of the genus, and also with 

Lates niloticus, which is the fish in African 

Neogene deposits that most closely resembles 

it. We attribute the Chadian material to 

Semlikiichthys darsao sp. nov., based on ten 

osteological characters of the neurocranium, 

the maxilla, the dentary and the first vertebra. 

Our comparative anatomical study also 

enables us to provide a revised diagnosis for 

the genus and to reconsider the taxonomic 

attribution of the fossils assigned to it. 

Furthermore, the fossil record of 

Semlikiichthys supports a connection between 

sub-basins of the Nilo-Sudanese region during 

the Miocene, and a disruption between the 

Great Lake and the Nile Basin on the one hand 

and the Chadian Basin on the other before 7 

Ma. 

2009020391 

对阿根廷三叠纪 Pseudobeaconia Bordas, 

1944, 和 Mendocinichthys Whitley, 1953 

( 辐鳍鱼纲 :“ 裂齿鱼目 ”) 的系统分类 

学修订 = Systematic revision of 

Pseudobeaconia Bordas, 1944, and 

Mendocinichthys Whitley, 1953 

(Actinopterygii: 'Perleidiformes') from the 

Triassic of Argentina. ( 英文 ). L ó pez- 

Arbarello A; Zavattieri A M. 


The 'perleidiform'Mendocinichthys and 

Pseudobeaconia from the Potrerillos and Santa 

Clara Abajo formations (Upper Triassic; 

Argentina) are reviewed. Mendocinichthys has 

been known from a review of this species that 

is not based on the type material, but on 

referred specimens in the American Museum 

of Natural History. However, those specimens 

are found here to represent a new species of 

Pseudobeaconia, P. celestae sp. nov. 

Consequently, Mendocinichthys is restricted 

here to the type material and, within it, to the 

only specimen that clearly represents a distinct 

taxon and is thus designated lectotype. We 

further performed a cladistic analysis and 

propose a new family, Pseudobeaconiidae for 

these two South American Triassic genera, 

which is mainly characterized by the presence 

of an incomplete dorsal ridge of spine-like 

scales between the skull and the dorsal fin, 

and scales with straight posterior border, an 

elevated central region and marginal 

concentric ridges of ganoine. The cladistic 

analysis further indicates the existence of 

some lineages endemic to certain areas of 

Gondwana and Europe. Pseudobeaconia 

celestae sp. nov. represents the first record of 

Pseudobeaconia in the Cacheuta sub-basin of 

the Cuyana Basin. The genus was previously 

known from the Santa Clara sub-basin of the 

Cuyana Basin only, and the new record 

confirms the previous hypothesis of 

correlation between the sedimentary infilling 

of these sub-basins. 

2009020392 

西南太平洋一早新生代 Neoselachian 类 = 

An early Cenozoic Neoselachian Shark fauna 

from the Southwest Pacific. ( 英文 ). 

Mannering A A; Hiller N. 


An early Cenozoic shark fauna, comprising 

at least 16 taxa, is described from Paleocene 

sedimentary rocks on the South Island of New 

Zealand. Although representing a remote 

Southern Hemisphere location, the fauna 

includes forms closely comparable to 

contemporary species from the Northern 

Hemisphere, in addition to the new species 

Chlamydoselachus keyesi and Centroselachus 

goordi. Comparison with closely related 

extant species suggests the fauna may be 

interpreted as a deep water one, typical of the 

outer continental shelf and upper slope. 

However, after palaeogeography, 

sedimentology and mineralogy of the 

enclosing rock, and the nature of similar 

faunas from elsewhere are taken into 

consideration, the fauna is interpreted to have 

occupied a mid-shelf environment. 

2009020393 

澳大利亚东南部早泥盆世肺鱼的演化 = 

Evolution of dipnoans (lungfish) in the Early 

Devonian of southeastern Australia. ( 英文 ). 

Campbell K S W; Barwick R E; Senden T J. 

Alcheringa, 2009, 33(1): 59 - 78 

Dipnoans (lungfish) were first described 

from the Lower Devonian at Taemas N.S.W. 

in 1906 with the discovery of a species now 

known as Dipnorhynchus suessmilchi 

(Etheridge). Subsequent descriptions were 

based on material from Wee Jasper in N.S.W., 

Buchan in Victoria and from the Snowy 

Mountains region of N.S.W. A new genus, 

Speonesydrion Campbell & Barwick, 1984, 

has since been described from Wee Jasper and 

Taemas. No other genera have been described 

from southeastern Australia (the Molong- 

122

Monaro Terrane of Yolkin et al. 2000). A new 

genus Cathlorhynchus is described from the 

Currajong Limestone Member. Near the top of 

the sequence, a large genus described as 

Dipnorhynchus cathlesae by Campbell & 

Barwick (1999), has now been placed in a new 

subgenus Dipnorhynchus (Placorhynchus). 

Examination of overseas occurrences indicates 

that there was no immigration of other 

dipnoans into southeastern Australia in the 

Early Devonian, hence, we consider that the 

collective Dipnorhynchus-Speonesydrion 

lineages must have evolved locally. This 

evolutionary pattern provides an opportunity 

to discuss localized evolution within a 

distinctive group through the Emsian. 

2009020394 

缅甸中部 Pondaung 组首例鲼鱼牙齿 = 

First myliobatiform teeth (Elasmobranchii, 

Neoselachii) from the Pondaung Formation 

(late middle Eocene) of Central Myanmar. ( 英 

文 ). Adnet S; Cappetta H; Beard K C; 

Marivaux L; Marandat B; Chaimanee Y; 

Jaeger J-J; Tun S T; Soe A N. Neues Jahrbuch 


Abhandlungen, 2008, 247(3): 335-340 

Some elasmobranch teeth, belonging to the 

batoid genera Dasyatis and Ouledia, have 

been collected for the first time in three late 

middle Eocene localities of the Pondaung 

Formation, which are known for their 

abundant continental vertebrate remains. 

Considering the environmental conditons, the 

occurrences of these elasmobranch teeth are 

indicative of the proximity of the sea shore 

and /or deltaic systems, which would have 

allowed to these rays to enter fresh waters. 

2009020395 

中国东北发现始新世胭脂鱼新种 

(Teleostei: Cypriniformes) 及胭脂鱼的早 

期分支 = A new Eocene catostomid 

(Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from northeastern 

China and early divergence of Catostomidae. 

( 英文 ). Liu Juan; Chang Meemann. Science in 


189-202 

A new Eocene catostomid genus and 

species, Plesiomyxocyprinus arratiae, is 

described from Huadian, Jilin Province, 

northeastern China. The materials include a 

nearly complete skeleton, dozens of 

pharyngeal bones with teeth, and a number of 

disarticulated bones. The new articulated 

specimen is large-sized and deep-bodied, with 

an estimated standard length of ca. 300 mm 

and body depth of 156 mm or about half of its 

standard length. The assignment of the fish to 

the Catostomidae is based on its falciform 

pharyngeal bone with one row of numerous 

(more than 50) compressed teeth, and the bone 

is much smaller than in cyprinids, especially 

given the size of the fish. The new fish 

distinguishes itself from all known 

catostomids (both extinct and extant) in its 

long anal fin with four unbranched and 17– 

18 branched rays, and its extremely short 

caudal peduncle that is only about one fourth 

of its depth. Plesiomyxocyprinus arratiae 

resembles the Eocene-Oligocene transpacificdistributed 

Amyzon in many general skeletal 

characters. However, it shows a few 

characters uniquely shared with the Recent 

catostomid Myxocyprinus asiaticus. Those 

include a very long dorsal fin with about 50 

branched fin rays, the end of dorsal fin rays 

being close to the caudal fin base, and anal 

rays stretching posteriorly beyond the base of 

caudal fin. It is the first fossil catostomid that 

shows a close relationship to the endemic 

Myxocyprinus now living in the Yangtze 

River and Minjiang River, China. The 

discovery of Plesiomyxocyprinus arratiae, 

along with two previously described possible 

catostomid genera Jianghanichthys and 

Vasnetzovia, may indicate that the divergence 

of the Catostomidae started much earlier, in 

the middle Eocene or earlier, on the western 

side of the Pacific than on its eastern side. 

2009020396 

华南早泥盆世新的盾皮鱼纲胴甲鱼 = A new 

antiarch (placoderm fish) from the Early 

Devonian of South China. ( 英文 ). Zhang 

Guorui; Young G C. Alcheringa, 1992, 16(3): 

219 - 240 

A new bothriolepidoid antiarch of small 

size, Luquanolepis pileos gen. et sp. nov. is 

described from the Early Devonian of Luquan 

County, Yunnan Province. Only remains of 

the trunk armour are known. It is characterised 

by the long dorsal wall, with a strong posterior 

process formed by the posterior median dorsal 

and posterior dorsolateral plates, the posterior 

median dorsal longer and broader than the 

anterior median dorsal, a strongly developed 

posterior internal tranverse crista anteriorly 

placed at about the middle of the length of the 

dorsal trunk armour, and an independent 

posterior lateral plate. It is one of the few 

antiarchs known from the Early Devonian 

which has a developed brachial process and 

123

segmented pectoral fin. The small unpaired 

semilunar plate, subanal lamina and other 

features indicate bothriolepid affinities, and 

the separate posterior lateral suggests it is a 

stem taxon within the bothriolepidoids, a 

group to which 13 genera are assigned. 

Distribution of 19 characters amongst these 

taxa is summarised in a data matrix used in a 

computer-assisted cladistic analysis of the 

group to produce over 100 equally 

parsimonious trees. By eliminating poorly 

known taxa and characters from the analysis 

and inferring some missing character states 14 

equally parsimonious trees were produced for 

10 bothriolepidoid taxa. Luquanolepis is 

regarded as the most primitive member within 

the clade, consistent with the fact that it is the 

oldest bothriolepidoid genus so far discovered. 

2009020397 

下莱茵海湾上渐新统近海滨沉积中的耳石 

= Otoliths from Upper Oligocene near shore 

deposits of the Lower Rhine Embayment 

(Northern Germany). ( 英文 ). Schwarzhans W. 


/ Abhandlungen, 2008, 248(1): 11-44 

New otolith finds from Locations along the 

western and southeastern shores of the Late 

Oligocene sea of the Lower Rhine 

Embayment are documenting a variety of 

coastal environments ranging from calm 

embayment / backreef settings to high energy 

shore line and marine karst infill sediments, a 

unique environment for fossil otolith research. 

A total 79 otolith based teleost species and 

one cephalopod statolith are being recorded 

from these locations, including 6 new species: 

Calamopteryx petermoelleri, Capros siccus, 

Scorpaena quaesita, Myococephalus 

mettmannensis, Centropomus rullus and genus 

aff. Opistognathus koeneni n.sp. 

2009020398 

越南下泥盆统 Sanqiaspis 属的发现兼盔甲 

鱼类的系统分类和解剖 = Occurrence of 

Sanqiaspis, Liu, 1975 (Vertebrata, Galeaspida) 

in the Lower Devonian of Vietnam, with 

remarks on the anatomy and systematics of the 

Sanqiaspididae. ( 英文 ). Janvier P; Thanh T D; 

Phuong T H; Cl é ment G; Phong N D. 


A new species of the huananaspidiform 

galeaspid genus Sanqiaspis is reported from 

the Lochkovian Si Ka Formation of northern 

Vietnam and is somewhat older than the 

previously recorded occurrences of this genus, 

from the Pragian Posongchong Formation of 

southern China. This species provides new 

information about the anatomy of the head 

shield in the Sanqiaspididae and notably 

provides evidence of a complete endoskeletal 

and dermal postbranchial wall, like in 

osteostracans. The various types of vertebrate 

assemblages defined in the Lower Devonian 

of China are discussed, by comparison to the 

vertebrate faunas hitherto recorded from the 

Lower Devonian of Vietnam, and it is 

suggested that their composition is strongly 

influenced by environmental factors. 

2009020399 

法国东南部 Castellane 地区早渐新世鱼耳 

石及对始新世 - 渐新世界线层中地中海真骨 

鱼动物群的综合评述 = Early Oligocene fish 

otoliths from the Castellane area (SE France) 

and an overview of Mediterranean teleost 

faunas at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. ( 英 

文 ). Nolf D; Girone A. Neues Jahrbuch fur 


Abhandlungen, 2008, 248(2): 139-157 

The study allowed the reconstruction of a 

teleost of 38 taxa of which 16 could be 

identified at species level. Combining the data 

from both Mediterranean paleoenvironments, 

one obtains a list of 88 taxa of which 48 could 

be identified to species level. This is the only 

available overview on the composition of the 

otolith-based fish fauna in the Mediterranean 

realm during the Early Oligocene. Finally, the 

results indicate the great homogeneity of the 

Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean faunas 

during the late Eocene. Notwithstanding the 

strong faunal turnover at the Eocene- 

Oligocene boundary, the new Oligocene 

dauna also exhibits a similar homogeneity 

over a large geographic area which, for this 

time unit, can be extended to the Paratethys. 

2009020400 

匈牙利一晚白垩世基干真鳄类 

Iharkutosuchus makadii 的头部骨骼学 = 

Cranial osteology of Iharkutosuchus makadii, 

a Late Cretaceous basal eusuchian 

crocodyliform from Hungary. ( 英文 ). Osi A. 


/ Abhandlungen, 2008, 248(3): 279-299 

The detailed cranial osteology of 

Iharkutosuchus makadii is described herein. 

Comparisons with advanced neosuchians and 

basal eusuchians confirm tha Iharkutosuchus 

is a basal eusuchian, which shares several 

features with the Barremian Hylaeochampsa 

vectiana. On the basis of in situ and isolated 

124

teeth, the complete, heterodont dentition of 

Iharkutosuchus is reconstructed. 

Iharkutosuchus confirms the hypothesis that 

the advanced caudal migration of the 

secondary palate is a consequence of the 

structural reinforcement of the skull. 

2009020401 

德国巴伐利亚索霍芬埃特陵上侏罗统一新 

的 aspidorhynchid 鱼化石 = A new 

aspidorhynchid fish (Teleostei: 

Aspidorhynchiformes) from the Upper 

Jurassic of Ettling, Solnhofen, Bavaria, 

Germany. ( 英文 ). Brito P M; Ebert M. 


A new species of Aspidorhynchidae is 

described for the first time from the Late 

Jurassic of Ettling, some 50 km E-SE of 

Solnhofen, Bavaria, Germany. This new 

material is attributed to a new species, 

Aspidorhynchus sanzenbacheri, and is 

diagnosed by the abbreviated premaxillae, the 

form and disposition of teeth in the predentary, 

and the number of principal rays in the caudal 

fin. 

两栖类 

2009020402 

欧洲新近纪晚期的非洲鳄类 : 关于 

Bambolii Ristori 的修订 = African 

Crocodylians in the Late Neogene of Europe: 

A revision of Crocodylus Bambolii Ristori, 

1890. ( 英文 ). Delfino M; Rook L. Journal of 


Genus Crocodylus is considered to have 

originated in Africa during the Early Miocene 

but it is only in the Late Miocene that there 

are evidences of dispersal toward Europe, 

where tomistomines and the alligatoroid 

Diplocynodon were widespread since the 

Paleogene. Revision of the type material of 

Crocodylus bambolii Ristori, 1890, a 

Tortonian crocodylian from the renowned 

Oreopithecus localities in central Italy, 

excludes it from Diplocynodon. The 

morphology of the remains, combined with 

chronology and biogeography, confirms its 

identity as cf. Crocodylus. The validity of the 

species Crocodylus bambolii is however not 

supported by the available morphological 

characters so that a solid differential diagnosis 

cannot be realized. It is therefore here 

proposed to consider Crocodylus bambolii as 

a nomen dubium. The European Late Miocene 

distribution of short-snouted crocodylians sees 

only alligatoroids in western Europe and, 

curiously, only crocodylids in the Central 

Mediterranean area. The Tusco-Sardinian and 

the Apulo-Abruzzi paleobioprovinces, whose 

lands are nowadays part of the Italian 

peninsula, are apparently the only European 

areas inhabited by short-snouted crocodylids, 

which are at the same time among the last 

crocodylians of the continent. The isolated 

teeth from Fiume Santo and Scontrone, two 

localities of these palebioprovinces, are also 

not Diplocynodon-like, but further material is 

needed to identify their owners with 

confidence. 

2009020403 

俄克拉何马里查德脉支早二叠世裂隙填充 

处发现 Seymouria 的首个记录 = First 

record of Seymouria (Vertebrata: 

Seymouriamorpha) from Early Permian 

fissure fills at Richards Spur, Oklahoma. ( 英 

文 ). Sullivan C; Reisz R R. Canadian Journal 


Isolated skeletal elements of the amphibian 

genus Seymouria were recently discovered at 

the Richards Spur locality near Fort Sill, 

Oklahoma, a prolific source of Early Permian 

tetrapod remains. Five of the seven described 

bones are of juvenile size and include three 

neural arches, a humerus, and a femur, 

whereas the other two are partial vertebrae, 

apparently adult. All seven are 

morphologically similar to equivalent skeletal 

elements in Seymouria specimens previously 

collected in Europe and North America, apart 

from features reflecting the early 

developmental stage of the juvenile bones. 

The femur and humerus are clearly distinct 

from those of other seymouriamorphs such as 

Ariekanerpeton and Kotlassia. The rarity of 

Seymouria at the Richards Spur locality 

implies that it was not a regular component of 

the fauna, and it is also associated with the 

less markedly terrestrial assemblage that 

consistently occurs at localities in the 

southwestern United States. However, its 

skeletal morphology and occurrence at 

terrestrial localities such as Richards Spur 

imply a primarily terrestrial, rather than an 

amphibious, mode of life. Conflicting 

biostratigraphic correlations imply that the 

exact age of the Richards Spur deposits is 

uncertain, and equivalence to the Arroyo 

Formation of Texas may be erroneous. 

2009020404 

125

两栖类离片椎类中褶皱牙齿的初步研究 = 

Folded teeth in temnospondyls — a 

preliminary study. ( 英文 ). Warren A A; 

Davey L. Alcheringa, 1992, 16(2): 107 - 132 

Temnospondyl amphibians have numerous 

teeth which are typically internally convoluted. 

In this paper we look for derived features of 

the distribution of both cranial and mandibular 

teeth and also examine the extent of their 

convolution. We show that some features of 

the distribution and convolution are family 

linked. Overall, the degree of complexity as 

shown by the number of infolds and infold 

bends, increases with the size of the dental 

element. Bending of infolds appears to be 

more frequent within the superfamily 

Capitosauroidea, while among the 

trematosaurian group of temnospondyls 

bending is less pronounced, with two families, 

the Plagiosauridae and Rhytidosteidae, 

showing no bends in marginal teeth and only 

minimal bending in the largest rhytidosteid 

tusks. 

2009020405 

综观四足类出现 = Overview of the 

emergence of tetrapods. ( 法文 ). Clément G; 

Letenneur C. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2009, 

8(2-3): 221-232 

During the last three decades, and 

particularly, very recently, our knowledge of 

the emergence of tetrapods has dramatically 

increased due to discoveries of outstanding 

fossils, new technologies and renewed 

scientific interest concerning the so-called 

“fish-tetrapod transition”. This article is a 

concise overview of our current knowledge of 

origin, diversity, phylogeny, biogeography 

and environments of the early tetrapods and 

their close relatives, the elpistostegalian fishes. 

Following a short historical review, emphasis 

is placed on the more recent and important 

discoveries and hypotheses. The most relevant 

and complete references concerning the 

different topics presented here can be found in 

the litterature list. 

2009020406 

达尔文 , 两栖动物和自然选择 = Darwin, 

the amphibians, and the natural selection. ( 英 

文 ). Steyer J S. Comptes Rendus 

Palevol, 2009, 8(2-3): 233-241 

A critical review of Darwin's publications 

shows that he did not dissert much about 

amphibians, in comparison with the other 

tetrapods. However, in “ A Naturalist's 

Voyage round the World”, Darwin described 

for the first time several amphibian species 

and was surprised by their peculiar way of life, 

terrestrial or euryhaline. These amphibian 

observations around the world led Darwin to 

discuss evolutionnary notions, like 

developmental heterochronies or evolving 

convergences, and later to illustrate his 

famous natural selection theory. This is 

confirmed, for example, by the publication of 

“On the Origin of Species” where Darwin 

ironically questioned creation theory, trying to 

explain the absence of amphibians on oceanic 

islands. Lamarck also considered amphibians 

as relevant material to illustrate his theory of 

acquired character heredity. These historical 

uses of lissamphibians as evolutionary models 

have been mostly realized before any 

amphibian fossil discovery, i.e. out of a 

palaeontological context. 

爬行类 

2009020407 

晚侏罗纪 Cleveland-Lloyd 恐龙群的死亡是 

干旱引起的 = The Late Jurassic Cleveland- 

Lloyd dinosaur quarry as a drought-induced 

assemblage. ( 英文 ). Gates T A. Palaios, 2005, 

20(4): 363–375 

A comprehensive taphonomic analysis has 

yielded a novel interpretation for one of the 

most famous dinosaur quarries in the world. 

The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry 

(CLDQ) traditionally has been interpreted as 

an attritional predator trap. This scenario is 

based largely on a remarkable 3:1 

predator:prey ratio, dominated by the remains 

of the theropod Allosaurus fragilis. This study 

addresses the taphonomy of CLDQ by 

combining analyses of fossils and entombing 

sediments along with putative modern 

analogues. 

Thousands of bones have been excavated 

from CLDQ, representing at least 70 

individual dinosaurs from a minimum of nine 

genera. The fossils occur in a 1-m-thick finegrained 

calcareous mudstone interpreted as a 

floodplain ephemeral-pond deposit. The bones 

show minimal carnivore modification and 

surface weathering, whereas approximately 

1/3 of the elements studied possess predepositional 

fractures and evidence of 

abrasion. The vast majority of elements are 

found horizontal to subhorizontal, without a 

preferred long-axis orientation. The 

demographic profile of the CLDQ dinosaur 

126

assemblage appears to be highly skewed 

toward subadult individuals. 

Numerous lines of evidence question the 

traditional predator-trap hypothesis. Of the 

alternatives, catastrophic drought appears to 

be most consistent with available data. 

Evidence includes a large assemblage of 

animals in a low-energy ephemeral-pond 

depositional setting and geologic and biologic 

evidence of desiccation. Additional support 

comes from modern drought analogues that 

frequently result in mass-death assemblages of 

large vertebrates. Climatic interpretations 

during Late Jurassic times are consistent with 

a semiarid environment characterized by 

periodic drought conditions. 

2009020408 

印度下侏罗统基干蜥脚类及其解剖学和亲 

缘关系 = Basal sauropodomorphs (dinosauria: 

saurischia) from the lower jurassic of India: 

their anatomy and relationships. ( 英文 ). Kutty 

T S; Chatterjee S; Galton P M; Upchurch P. 


1240 17 图版 . 

The Upper Dharmaram Formation (Lower 

Jurassic, Sinemurian) of India has yielded 

three sauropodomorph dinosaurs, two new 

taxa and an indeterminate one. 

Lamplughsaura dharmaramensis n. gen. and 

sp., represented by several partial skeletons, is 

a heavily built quadrupedal form (body length 

10 m). Autapomorphies include teeth with 

strongly emarginated distal edge; caudal 

cervical neural spines bearing a vertically 

oriented ligamentous furrow on cranial and 

caudal surfaces and a transversely expanded 

spine table; caudal neural spines bearing a 

craniodorsally directed spur (proximal caudal 

vertebrae) or a large process (midcaudal 

vertebrae); caudal neural spines shorter than 

transverse processes so former lost first in 

passing along tail; and a plesiomorphy that is 

the nontrenchant form of manual ungual I. 

The Indian dinosaurs were coded for two 

recent datamatrices for basal 

sauropodomorphs. The results of this 

preliminary analysis indicate that 

Lamplughsaura is either a basal Sauropoda or, 

less likely, based on Templeton's test, a stem 

sauropodomorph. The second large form, 

represented by the proximal half of a femur, is 

a sauropodomorph that is more derived than 

Saturnalia (Brazil) and Thecodontosaurus 

(Great Britain) from the Upper Triassic. This 

is also true for the smaller (body length 4 m as 

adult) Pradhania gracilis n. gen. and sp. 

which lies outside of the Sauropoda + 

Plateosauria clade, so it is definitely a stem 

sauropodomorph. Pradhania is known from 

fragmentary material; an autapomorphy is the 

very prominent medial longitudinal ridge on 

the maxilla. 

2009020409 

加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚晚三叠世 Pardonet 

组鱼龙一新属 : 桥接三叠纪 - 侏罗纪空隙 = 

A new genus of ichthyosaur from the Late 

Triassic Pardonet Formation of British 

Columbia: bridging the Triassic Jurassic gap. 

( 英文 ). Nicholls E L; Manabe M. Canadian 


1002 

Both the genus Shastasaurus and the family 

Shastasauridae have long been hard to define 

due to the fragmentary nature of the type 

specimens. Consequently, recent 

interpretations of the genus have been based 

almost entirely on Shastasaurus neoscapularis 

from the Late Triassic Pardonet Formation of 

British Columbia. Two new specimens of this 

taxon, from Pink Mountain, British Columbia, 

demonstrate that it does not belong in the 

genus Shastasaurus. This paper describes the 

new specimens, and refers the species to 

Metashastasaurus gen nov. Post-cranially, the 

skeleton of Metashastasaurus resembles that 

of shastasaurids, differing primarily only in 

the shape of the scapula and fibula. However, 

the skull has a unique combination of 

characters, including large diamond-shaped 

frontals that enter the supratemporal fenestrae, 

and very narrow posterior extensions of the 

nasals, which contact the postfrontals. It also 

differs from the skull of Shastasaurus in the 

presence of both a parietal ridge and 

postparietal shelf. This is a combination of 

derived characters previously known only in 

Jurassic forms. The front limb has four 

proximal carpals and four digits, indicating 

that previous reconstructions were based on 

incomplete material. Shastasaurus pacificus 

Merriam 1895, the type species of the genus 

Shastasaurus, must be considered a nomen 

dubium, making the genus Shastasaurus 

invalid. Until this problem is clarified, the use 

of the generic name Shastasaurus should be 

restricted to Merriam's type specimens, of 

which only Shastasaurus alexandrae and 

Shastasaurus osmonti are based on adequate 

material. 

2009020410 

127

南非卡洛下三叠统 Katberg 组新的原始前 

棱蜥类 = New basal procolophonid reptile 

from the Katberg formation (Lower Triassic) 

of the South African Karoo. ( 英文 ). Cisneros J 

C. Palaeoworld, 2008, 17(2): 126-134 

A new procolophonid reptile, 

Kitchingnathus untabeni n. gen. et n. sp., is 

described from the uppermost strata of the 

Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of the Karoo 

Basin, South Africa. The new taxon co-occurs 

with the well-known Procolophon trigoniceps. 

The most distinctive feature of the new taxon 

is the presence of numerous small bicuspid 

molariforms in both the maxilla and the 

dentary. A phylogenetic analysis indicates that 

Kitchingnathus occupies a basal position 

among procolophonids. Character 

optimisation suggests that bicuspid teeth were 

acquired independently by the new taxon, and 

originated twice in procolophonid evolution. 

2009020411 

美国伊利诺斯州 Mazon CreekArachnida 

科的 Geralinura Carbonaria 以及 Whip 

Scorpions 地区 Subchelate Pedipalps 的起 

源 = Geralinura Carbonaria (Arachnida; 

Uropygi) from Mazon Creek, Illinois, USA, 

and the origin of Subchelate Pedipalps in 

Whip Scorpions. ( 英文 ). Tetlie O E; Dunlop J 

A. Journal of Paleontology, 2008, 82(2): 299- 

312 6 图版 . 

The whip scorpions (Arachnida: Uropygi) 

from the Pennsylvanian Coal Measures of 

Mazon Creek, Illinois, USA are restudied. 

Four Mazon Creek uropygid specimens have 

previously been described and a fifth is added 

here. Contrary to earlier reports, none of the 

specimens lack eyes and the sternum is 

similarly shaped in all the specimens. 

Consequently, the two younger names, 

Geralinura similis Petrunkevitch, 1913 and G. 

gigantea Petrunkevitch, 1913 are here treated 

as junior synonyms of G. carbonaria Scudder, 

1884. The morphology of the pedipalps is 

more like those of some modern amblypygids, 

being spiniferous and non-chelate, suggesting 

the subchelate palps found in all Recent whip 

scorpions is an apomorphy not yet 

incorporated into the bodyplan of G. 

carbonaria. Indeed, subchelate palps also 

seem to be absent in other species of this age. 

For completeness, we summarise here the six 

Pennsylvanian whip scorpions currently 

recognised — including sketch 

reconstructions — with comments on further 

differences between the Paleozoic and living 

taxa. Geralinura Scudder, 1884 is reserved for 

G. carbonaria and the British species G. 

britannica Pocock, 1911. Prothelyphonus Fri, 

1904 is reinstated for the Czech species P. 

bohemicus (Kuta, 1884). Parageralinura gen. 

nov. is proposed for the widely overlooked 

Dutch species P. neerlandica (Laurentiaux- 

Vieria and Laurentiaux, 1961) and the German 

species P. naufraga (Brauckmann and Koch, 

1983). All the Coal Measures whip scorpion 

genera are treated here as plesion taxa, basal 

to the Thelyphonidae, which can be defined as 

whip scorpions with a fully subchelate 

pedipalp, the chelae formed from large and 

distinct patellar and tibial apophyses. 

2009020412 

Tyrannosaurus rex 的颅颈摄食动力 = 

Craniocervical feeding dynamics of 

Tyrannosaurus rex. ( 英文 ). Snively E; Russell 

A P. Paleobiology, 2007, 33(4): 610-638 

Tyrannosaurus rex and other tyrannosaurid 

theropods exerted high bite forces, and large 

muscle attachments suggest that the 

tyrannosaurid neck was a concomitantly 

powerful component of the feeding apparatus. 

We examine accelerative and work-generating 

capacity (WGC) of neck muscles in adult 

Tyrannosaurus rex, using a 3-D vector-based 

method that incorporates aspects of muscle 

force generation, reconstruction of muscle 

morphology and moment arms, and rotational 

inertias of the head and neck. Under 

conservative assumptions, radial accelerations 

of the head by large superficial muscles (M. 

transversospinalis capitis, M. complexus, and 

M. longissimus capitis superficialis) enabled 

rapid gaze shifts and imparted high tangential 

velocities to food sufficient for inertial feeding. 

High WGC by these and deeper muscles under 

eccentric contraction indicate high efficacy for 

tearing flesh, especially with the head and 

neck in an extended posture. Sensitivity 

analyses suggest that assigned density of the 

antorbital region has substantial effects on 

calculated rotational inertia, and hence on the 

accuracy of results. However, even with high 

latitude for estimation errors, the results 

indicate that adult T. rex could strike rapidly at 

prey and engage in complexly modulated 

inertial feeding, as seen in extant archosaurs. 

2009020413 

鳄类 Notosuchus terrestris 的牙齿形态 : 新 

的证据和意义 = Tooth morphology of 

Notosuchus terrestris (Notosuchia: 

Mesoeucrocodylia): New evidence and 

128

implications. ( 英文 ). Lecuona A; Pol D. 


Notosuchia is a large and diverse group of 

Crocodyliforms, characterized, among other 

features, by a heterodont dentition. New 

information on the tooth anatomy of 

Notosuchus terrestris is presented, based on 

well-preserved specimens from the Late 

Cretaceous of Patagonia (southern Argentina). 

This allows a complete characterization of its 

dental anatomy (composed by incisiviform, 

caniniform, and molariform teeth) that 

includes autapomorphic features and derived 

features shared with Sphagesaurus and 

Mariliasuchus. This includes the extensive 

wear facets in molariforms, indicative of 

tooth–tooth occlusion and a sharp keel that 

bears rounded denticles. Notosuchus also 

shares with Mariliasuchus the presence of a 

tooth with a transitional morphology located 

at the premaxilla – maxilla contact and the 

absence of interalveolar septa in the entire 

premaxillary and maxillary dentition. 

2009020414 

阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚晚白垩世一新的波罗鳄 

类 = A new baurusuchid crocodyliform 

(Archosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of 

Patagonia (Argentina). ( 英文 ). Martinelli A G; 

Pais D F. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2008, 7(6): 

371-381 

A new baurusuchid, Wargosuchus australis 

gen. et sp. nov., coming from the Bajo de La 

Carpa Formation, Neuqu é n Province 

(Argentina), is described. This new taxon is 

based on a fragment of snout and a portion of 

the cranial roof. Wargosuchus differs from 

other crocodyliforms by possessing a deep 

median groove on the frontals, a contact 

between nasals and frontals extremely reduced, 

a large depression for the olfactory bulbs, 

three large foramina surrounding the large, 

smooth perinarial depression, and a 

hypertrophied, conical last premaxillary tooth 

followed by a large paracanine fossa. The 

finding of Wargosuchus in Patagonia 

(Argentina), a taxon with a strong 

resemblance to Brazilian baurusuchids, 

reinforces the hypothesis of a similar biota 

between both regions by the Late Cretaceous. 

Wargosuchus and Cynodontosuchus represent 

the only Argentinian mesoeucrocodylians to 

be included within Baurusuchidae. This 

finding extends the number of crocodyliforms 

from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation, which, 

in turn, corresponds to the most taxonomically 

diverse one in Argentina. 

2009020415 

恐龙和白垩纪的陆地革命 = Dinosaurs and 

the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution. ( 英文 ). 

Lloyd G T; Davis K E; Pisani D; Tarver J E; 

Ruta M. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: 


2490 

The observed diversity of dinosaurs reached 

its highest peak during the mid- and Late 

Cretaceous, the 50Myr that preceded their 

extinction, and yet this explosion of dinosaur 

diversity may be explained largely by 

sampling bias. It has long been debated 

whether dinosaurs were part of the Cretaceous 

Terrestrial Revolution (KTR), from 125 – 

80Myr ago, when flowering plants, 

herbivorous and social insects, squamates, 

birds and mammals all underwent a rapid 

expansion. Although an apparent explosion of 

dinosaur diversity occurred in the mid- 

Cretaceous, coinciding with the emergence of 

new groups (e.g. neoceratopsians, 

ankylosaurid ankylosaurs, hadrosaurids and 

pachycephalosaurs), results from the first 

quantitative study of diversification applied to 

a new supertree of dinosaurs show that this 

apparent burst in dinosaurian diversity in the 

last 18 Myr of the Cretaceous is a sampling 

artefact. Indeed, major diversification shifts 

occurred largely in the first one-third of the 

group's history. Despite the appearance of new 

clades of medium to large herbivores and 

carnivores later in dinosaur history, these new 

originations do not correspond to significant 

diversification shifts. Instead, the overall 

geometry of the Cretaceous part of the 

dinosaur tree does not depart from the null 

hypothesis of an equal rates model of lineage 

branching. Furthermore, we conclude that 

dinosaurs did not experience a progressive 

decline at the end of the Cretaceous, nor was 

their evolution driven directly by the KTR. 

2009020416 

阿根廷内乌肯盆地上白垩统巨龙类一新属 

种 :Pitekunsaurus macayai = Pitekunsaurus 

macayai gen. et sp nov., new Titanosaur 

(Saurischia, Sauropoda) from Upper 

Cretaceous Neuquen Basin, Argentina. ( 其他 ). 

Filippi L S; Garrido A C. Ameghiniana, 2008, 

45(3): 575-590 

A new titanosaur is described, 

Pitekunsaurus macayai gen. et sp. nov., from 

mudstone levels asigned to Anacleto 

129

Formation (Lower - Middle Campanian), 

corresponding to the uppermost beds of the 

Neuquen Group (Upper Cretaceous of 

Neuquen Basin). The specimen is represented 

by braincase, left frontal, one tooth, four 

cervical vertebrae, three dorsal vertebrae, four 

caudal vertebrae, right ulna and scapula, 

proximal extreme of left femur, rib fragments 

and uncertain remains. Pitekunsaurus is 

characterized by the following 

autapomorphies: (1) basipterygoid processes 

broadly separated and parallelly projected, (2) 

anterior cervical vertebrae with small 

depressions or longitudinal grooves in the 

spinal sector of spinopostzygapophyseal 

lamina, (3) centropostzygapophyseal lamina 

forked proximally in anterior dorsal vertebrae, 

and (4) posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina 

with accessory lamina in anterior dorsal 

vertebrae. The existence of two types of 

articulations in the posterior caudal vertebrae, 

one amphicoelous and another biconvex, 

indicates a close relationship with 

Rinconsaurus caudamirus Calvo y Gonzalez 

Riga, suggesting that the caudal morphology 

of titanosaurs is much more complex and 

more varied than previously supposed. 

2009020417 

俄罗斯外贝加尔地区下白垩统的 

choristoderan = A choristoderan reptile from 

the Lower Cretaceous of Transbaikalia, Russia. 

( 英文 ). Skutschas P P. Neues Jahrbuch fur 


Abhandlungen, 2008, 247(1): 63-78 

New materials of the choristoderan reptile 

Khurendukhosaurus sp. are described from the 

Early Cretaceous Murtoi Formation, 

Transbaikalia. Phylogenetic analysis places 

Khurendukhosaurus in a one clade with the 

neochoristoderes, 

hyphalosaurids, 

Monjurosuchus and Lazarussuchus. The basal 

position of Khurendukhosaurus is not 

confirmed, nor is a referring of 

Khurendukhosaurus to the neochoristoderan 

family Simoedosauridae. 

2009020418 

中国下侏罗统禄丰组鸟臀类的新资料 = 

New ornithischian dinosaur material from the 

Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation of China. 

( 英文 ). Irmis R B; Knoll F. Neues Jahrbuch 


Abhandlungen, 2008, 247(1): 117-128 

Here we describe a new ornithischian 

specimen, FMNH CUP 2338, consisting of an 

articulated lower tibia and fibula, ankle, and 

pes from the Zhangjiawa Member of the 

Lufeng Formation. Preserved character-states 

are largely plesiomorphic for Ornithischia; our 

analysis indicates that the specimen represents 

an indeterminate basal ornithischian dinosaur. 

Reanalysis of the other known ornithischian 

specimens from the Lufeng Formation 

indicates that they are either not ornithischians, 

or are assignable to thyreophora or 

Ornithischia indet. The abundance of 

ornithischians in the Lufeng Formation is 

unusually low compared with other wellknown 

Early Jurassic ornithischian-bearing 

terrestrial tetrapod assemblages. 

2009020419 

阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚一独特白垩纪兽脚类化 

石及冈瓦纳 dromaeosaurids 类的演化 = A 

bizarre Cretaceous theropod dinosaur from 

Patagonia and the evolution of Gondwanan 

dromaeosaurids. ( 英文 ). Novas F E; Pol D; 

Canale J I; Porfiri D J; Calvo J O. 



1107 

Fossils of a predatory dinosaur provide 

novel information about the evolution of 

unenlagiines, a poorly known group of 

dromaeosaurid theropods from Gondwana. 

The new dinosaur is the largest dromaeosaurid 

yet discovered in the Southern Hemisphere 

and depicts bizarre cranial and postcranial 

features. Its long and low snout bears 

numerous, small-sized conical teeth, a 

condition resembling spinosaurid theropods. 

Its short forearms depart from the 

characteristically long-armed condition of all 

dromaeosaurids and their close avian relatives. 

The new discovery amplifies the range of 

morphological disparity among unenlagiines, 

demonstrating that by the end of the 

Cretaceous this clade included large, shortarmed 

forms alongside crow-sized, longarmed, 

possibly flying representatives. The 

new dinosaur is the youngest record of 

dromaeosaurids from Gondwana and 

represents a previously unrecognized lineage 

of large predators in Late Cretaceous dinosaur 

faunas mainly dominated by abelisaurid 

theropods. 

2009020420 

澳大利亚昆士兰东南部早始新世一新鳄类 

及鳄类系统发育的初步研究 = A new 

crocodylian from the Early Eocene of southeastern 

Queensland and a preliminary 

investigation of the phylogenetic relationships 

130

of crocodyloids. ( 英文 ). Salisbury S W; Willis 

P M A. Alcheringa, 1996, 20(3): 179 - 226 

Kambara implexidens sp. nov. is the second 

crocodylomorph from the Early Eocene 

(Ypresian) Tingamarra Local Fauna at Boat 

Mountain, near the township of Murgon, 

southeastern Queensland. Kambara is now the 

best represented genus of early Tertiary 

crocodylomorphs yet collected from Australia. 

The new species differs from Kambara 

murgonensis in several features, the most 

significant of which is possession of an 

interlocking dentition. Both species occur in a 

single stratigraphic horizon, possibly 

indicating two sympatric populations. The 

presence of adults and hatclings, coupled with 

the rarity of intermediately sized animals in 

the Murgon sample suggests the area may 

have been used as a nesting ground by one or 

both species. The new material permits a 

detailed reassessment of the phylogenetic 

relationships of Australia's Tertiary 

crocodylians, and provides impetus for a 

preliminary investigation into the relationships 

of many putative crocodylid stem taxa. We 

define Crocodyloidea and Crocodylidae as the 

descent community and crown group 

respectively of extant crocodylids (species of 

Crocodylus, Osteolaemus tetraspis and 

Tomistoma schlegelii) so as to place these taxa 

in a taxonomy reflecting phylogenetic 

relationships. Our results tentatively suggest 

that Mekosuchinae, as defined previously, is 

polyphyletic; Harpacochampsa camfieldensis 

is more closely related to Crocodylidae, 

whereas all other mekosuchines appear to 

represent a relic Gondwanan radiation of 

plesiomorphic crocodyloids, outwardly similar 

to several early Tertiary Northern Hemisphere 

forms of comparable grade such as 

Asiatosuchus germanicus and 'Crocodylus' 

affinis. Within Mekosuchinae (excluding 

Harpacochampsa camfieldensis), species of 

Kambara form a clade with Australosuchus 

clarkae. This clade forms an unresolved 

trichotomy with species of Pallimnarchus and 

Mekosuchini (species of Baru, Mekosuchus, 

Quinkana and Trilophosuchus rackhami). A 

previous trend in the study of crocodylomorph 

phylogeny has been to exclude from 

consideration characters thought to be 

associated with adaptive complexes, as this 

was seen to introduce unnecessary homoplasy. 

We challenge this assumption. Detailed 

investigation of the distribution of such 

characters among crocodylians can provide 

significant evolutionary information at 

varying taxonomic levels. 

2009020421 

澳大利亚悉尼盆地早三叠世兽孔类动物的 

足印 = Early Triassic therapsid footprints 

from the Sydney Basin, Australia. ( 英文 ). 

Retallack G J. Alcheringa, 1996, 20(4): 301 - 

314 

A large rock slab collected in 1913 from the 

roof of the Bellambi Colliery in the southern 

Sydney Basin bears fossil tracks that are now 

known from recent radiometric and 

chemostratigraphic dating to be earliest 

Triassic, rather than latest Permian, in age. 

The tracks show two distinctive features of 

reptiles: scale impressions and claw marks. 

Both manus and pes are pentadactyl, ectaxonic, 

semidigitigrade and have an outer interdigital 

angle (digits IV-V) greater than inner 

interdigital angles. Digit proportions are 

consistent with a phalangeal formula of 23333. 

The fossil tracks are referred to the 

ichnospecies Dicynodontipus bellambiensis sp. 

nov. They are similar to the kinds of tracks 

thought to be produced by Lystrosaurus 

species. Given the abundance of these species 

in Early Triassic faunas of low diversity and 

the occurrence of members of the 

Lystrosaurus fauna in Queensland and 

Antarctica, chances are good that this is 

indeed a trackway of Lystrosaurus. If 

considered to be made by an animal of that 

type, the trackway was produced using the 

primitive alternate gait, rather than the 

mammalian amble, by an animal about 84 cm 

long and some 22 cm high. Preservation of 

bones of these creatures would not be 

expected given the non-calcareous nature of 

associated fossil soils in the Sydney Basin 

Triassic. Herbaceous lycopods, locally 

common in these and other Early Triassic 

strata worldwide, are among the most likely 

foods of these tusked, low-browsing 

herbivores. 

2009020422 

Maniraptoran 繁殖器官特征的系统发育分 

析及其蛋分类学意义 = Phylogenetic 

analysis of reproductive traits of Maniraptoran 

Theropods and its implications for egg 

parataxonomy. ( 英文 ). Zelenitsky D K; 

Therrien F. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(4): 807 - 

816 

A phylogenetic analysis of reproductive and 

oological (egg) traits of theropod taxa allows 

determination of the sequence in which these 

131

traits evolved in Theropoda. Our results 

indicate that several avian reproductive traits, 

such as adults sitting on eggs, asymmetrical 

eggs, unornamented eggshell surface, and 

complex eggshell ultrastructure, were already 

present in non-avian maniraptorans, and could 

have evolved in more basal theropods. In 

addition, non-avian maniraptorans laid two 

eggs at a time and orientated their eggs 

subvertically or subhorizontally in their nests, 

features not retained by neornithine birds. 

Based on our cladistic analysis it is also 

possible to infer the phylogenetic affinity of 

ootaxa of unknown parentage: 

Protoceratopsidovum was laid by a 

maniraptoran more derived than oviraptorids, 

and Parvoolithus probably belonged to a 

Cretaceous bird. Finally, our analysis reveals 

that many of the high-level categories of egg 

parataxonomy (morphotypes and basic types) 

are unnatural groupings (i.e. nonmonophyletic). 

We recommend that these 

high-level categories be abandoned because 

oofamilies are sufficient to categorize egg taxa. 

2009020423 

Uberabatitan Ribeiroi: 巴西 Minas Gerais 

上白垩统 Mar í lia 组一新雷龙 = 

Uberabatitan Ribeiroi, a new Titanosaur from 

the Marília Formation (Bauru Group, Upper 

Cretaceous), Minas Gerais, Brazil. ( 英文 ). 

Salgado L; Carvalho I. Palaeontology, 2008, 

51(4): 881 - 901 

A new Late Cretaceous titanosaur sauropod 

from the Bauru Basin of Brazil, Uberabatitan 

ribeiroi gen. et sp. nov., represented by at least 

three specimens, is described. The material 

comes from a level of coarse sandstone within 

the Serra da Galga sequence in Uberaba 

County, Minas Gerais State. The fossiliferous 

strata belong to the Marília Formation (Serra 

da Galga Member), Bauru Group, considered 

to be Maastrichtian in age. The fossils occur in 

the uppermost levels of the above-mentioned 

unit; thus, Uberabatitan ribeiroi is the 

youngest titanosaur to have been recorded 

from the Bauru Basin. The autapomorphies 

that support the new species are: (1) anterior 

and mid-cervicals with postzygodiapophyseal 

lamina (podl) segmented in zygapophyseal 

and diapophyseal laminae, of which the first 

extends rostrodorsally over the second; (2) 

mid-dorsals with a robust lateral lamina 

formed mainly by a diapophyseal lamina 

(probably homologous to the 

postzygodiapophyseal lamina), and, to a lesser 

extent, by a relic of the spinodiapophyseal 

lamina (spdl); (3) mid (and probably posterior) 

dorsals with accessory neural laminae, which 

are lateral to the prespinal lamina, and 

probably homologous to the 

spinoprezygapophyseal laminae (sprl); (4) 

mid-caudal centra with deeply excavated 

lateral faces; (5) pubis very thick and robust, 

with a very stout longitudinal crest on its 

external (ventral) face; and (6) proximal end 

of the tibia with a prominent lateral 

protuberance, which articulates with an 

equally prominent medial knob of the fibula. 

The titanosaurian assemblage at Uberaba 

includes, apart from U. ribeiroi, wellpreserved 

specimens assigned to species of 

uncertain affinities (Trigonosaurus pricei and 

Baurutitan britoi), as well as a few vertebrae 

assigned to aeolosaurines. 

2009020424 

大不列颠晚三叠世滑翔蜥空气动力学 = The 

Aerodynamics of the British Late Triassic 

Kuehneosauridae. ( 英文 ). Stein K; Palmer C; 

Gill P G; Benton M J. Palaeontology, 2008, 

51(4): 967-981 

The Kuehneosauridae (Late Triassic, 

Britain, USA) had remarkable adaptations, 

most notably their elongate mid-dorsal ribs 

that were presumably covered with a skin 

membrane in life. These lateral 'wings' have 

always been linked with some form of gliding 

adaptation, but quantitative studies have been 

limited. Here, we provide a thorough 

aerodynamic analysis of both genera of British 

kuehneosaurids based on theory and on 

experiments with life-sized models in a wind 

tunnel. Of the two genera, Kuehneosuchus, 

with elongate 'wings', was a glider, and 

Kuehneosaurus, with much shorter 'wings', 

was a parachutist. Kuehneosuchus most 

probably had highly cambered wings and no 

additional skin membranes on hands or feet, 

nor did it have a cruropatagium. Lappets on 

the hyoid apparatus, as seen in Draco, were 

probably present to enhance pitch control. 

Kuehneosuchus was capable of gliding at 

angles (θ) between 13 and 16 degrees, at 

speeds between 7 and 9 m/s, and was probably 

very manoeuvrable when airborne. 

Kuehneosaurus was capable of parachuting 

(θ > 45 degrees) at speeds between 10 and 

12 m/s. It is unclear whether the British 

kuehneosaurid material represents two genera, 

as assumed here, two species of one genus, or 

sexual dimorphs of a single species, where the 

gliding Kuehneosuchus was the male, which 

used its gliding and perhaps highly coloured 

132

'wings' to display to the parachuting 

Kuehneosaurus. 

2009020425 

意大利 Villaggio del Pescatore 上白垩统 

Acynodon 一新种 = A new species of 

Acynodon (Crocodylia) from the Upper 

Cretaceous (Santonian – Campanian) of 

Villaggio del Pescatore, Italy. ( 英文 ). Delfino 

M; Martin J E; Buffetaut E. 


The new species Acynodon adriaticus is 

described on the basis of remains from the 

Santonian – Campanian of Villaggio del 

Pescatore (Trieste, NE Italy). This species 

differs in several cranial features from 

Acynodon iberoccitanus, the only other 

Acynodon species whose cranial osteology is 

known in detail. The absence of maxillary and 

dentary caniniform teeth coupled with the 

presence of enlarged molariform teeth 

suggests that Acynodon probably fed on 

slowly moving hard-shelled prey. Moreover, 

the new materials reveal for the first time the 

morphology of some postcranial elements of 

Acynodon: in particular, medial-most 

paravertebral osteoderms that are 

characterized by two keels. A new cladistic 

phylogenetic analysis resolves the previously 

reported polytomy among the basal 

Globidonta: Acynodon is recognized as the 

most primitive globidontan. This genus may 

represent the geologically oldest known 

globidontan. The fact that Acynodon has been 

found only in Europe and that the outgroup of 

Globidonta, the Diplocynodontinae, is mainly 

known from Europe, suggests that 

globidontans may have originated in Europe 

and not in North America as previously 

supposed. 

2009020426 

巴西 Crato 组 ( 下白垩统 , 阿普特阶 ) 

一新 azhdarchoid 类 = A new azhdarchoid 

pterosaur from the Crato Formation (Lower 

Cretaceous, Aptian) of Brazil. ( 英文 ). Witton 

M P. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(6): 1289-1300 

A partial pterosaur skull from the Nova 

Olinda Member of the Crato Formation 

(Lower Cretaceous, Aptian) represents a new 

edentulous pterodactyloid, Lacusovagus 

magnificens gen. et sp. nov. The absence of 

teeth and a large nasoantorbital fenestra 

suggest assignment to Azhdarchoidea, and the 

combination of a particularly short, crestless 

and shallow rostrum and laterally flared jaw 

margins distinguish it from other azhdarchoid 

taxa. The position of the new form within 

Azhdarchoidea is problematic: Lacusovagus is 

distinguished from Tapejaridae in its straight, 

as opposed to ventrally displaced, jaw tip and 

absence of a premaxillary crest; from 

thalassodromids by the absence of a 

premaxillary crest; and from Azhdarchidae by 

the short length of the rostrum and shallow 

posterodorsal extension of the premaxilla. 

Lacusovagus shares a shallow, crestless 

rostrum and a slender posterodorsal 

premaxillary extension with Jiufotang 

Formation azhdarchoids such as 

Chaoyangopterus and Jidapterus. The position 

of these genera within Azhdarchoidea is 

controversial, but the suite of plesiomorphic 

and derived azhdarchoid characters in each 

suggests a placement between Tapejaridae and 

Neoazhdarchia. Further research is required, 

however, to determine the relationships of 

these genera both to each other and to other 

azhdarchoids. The new taxon elevates the 

faunal similarity found between the roughly 

contemporaneous Jiufotang and Crato 

formations and continues the pattern of Crato 

Formation azhdarchoids being much larger 

than those from the Jehol Group. It also has 

jaws at least 67 and 55 per cent longer, 

respectively, than those of the largest 

azhdarchoids and ornithocheirids from the 

Crato pterosaur assemblage, making 

Lacusovagus the largest pterosaur known from 

this unit. 

2009020427 

斯洛文尼亚三叠纪一盾齿龙类 = A 

Cyamodontid Placodont (Reptilia: 

Sauropterygia) from the Triassic of Slovenia. 

( 英文 ). Buffetaut E; Novak M. 


An isolated dentary bone from the Triassic 

of Toško Čelo, near Ljubljana (Slovenia) is 

referred to the genus Cyamodus. It is the first 

record of a placodont from Slovenia. The 

specimen is late Ladinian or early Carnian in 

age, and is thus among the latest known 

representatives of the genus Cyamodus. The 

late survival of Cyamodus in the southern 

Alpine domain, while it disappeared from the 

Germanic Basin in the early Ladinian, is 

probably linked to the persistence of fully 

marine conditions in the southern part of its 

range, after environments had become less 

favourable to placodonts in the Germanic 

Basin with the advent of the Keuper facies. 

133

2009020428 

联合王国威尔特郡基末利阶 ( 上侏罗统 ) 

一新地蜥类 = A new Metriorhynchid 

Crocodilian 

(Mesoeucrocodylia: 

Thalattosuchia) from the Kimmeridgian 

(Upper Jurassic) of Wiltshire, UK. ( 英文 ). 

Wilkinson L E; Young M T; Benton M J. 


Recent revision of the marine 

metriorhynchid crocodilians indicates that a 

partial skull previously assigned to the species 

Metriorhynchus superciliosus and newly 

discovered postcranial elements from the 

Kimmeridge Clay of Westbury, Wiltshire 

belong to a new species of metriorhynchid. 

This material is herein described and referred 

to a new species of the genus Dakosaurus, 

characterised by four apomorphies: the size 

and shape of the enlarged supratemporal 

fossae; relatively large teeth, and half the 

number in relatives; the robust and 

unornamented cranium; and the angle that the 

prefrontal makes with the long axis of the 

skull. In a new phylogenetic analysis, 

Dakosaurus carpenteri sp. nov. is the basal 

member of a clade containing also 

D. maximus and D. andiniensis: it is not so 

short-snouted and its teeth are not so few and 

large as in the other two species, but the new 

form illustrates the ecological transition 

among metriorhynchids from a piscivorous 

diet to high-order carnivory. 

2009020429 

俄克拉荷马州 Richards Spur 下二叠统裂 

缝填充中楔齿龙的重新评估 = A reevaluation 

of sphenacodontid synapsid 

material from the lower Permian fissure fills 

near Richards Spur, Oklahoma. ( 英文 ). Evans 

D C; Maddin H C; Reisz R R. 


Early Permian terrestrial vertebrate faunal 

assemblages of Laurasia are dominated by 

large ophiacodontid, sphenacodontid, and 

edaphosaurid synapsids. This pattern contrasts 

with the fauna recovered from the Early 

Permian fissure fill deposits near Richards 

Spur, Oklahoma, where derived nontherapsid 

synapsids are rare. The fragmentary remains 

of Thrausmosaurus serratidens constitute the 

only published report of Sphenacodontidae 

from this locality. Here, we re-evaluate 

T. serratidens in light of new information on 

the faunal assemblage of this locality. We 

confirm that the type material of T. serratidens 

cannot be assigned to Sphenacodontidae and 

conclude that it pertains to an indeterminate 

varanopid. We also describe new material, 

including a partial maxilla, several isolated 

jaw fragments with teeth, an isolated 

precaniniform tooth and a posterior cervical 

vertebra that represents unequivocal 

sphenacodontid remains from the Richards 

Spur assemblage. This material is the first 

definitive record of a eupelycosaurian 

synapsid other than a varanopid from this 

important locality. Faunal similarities between 

Richards Spur and the Bromacker Quarry, 

Germany, may be reflective of upland 

terrestrial communities during the Early 

Permian. 

2009020430 

巴西 Rio Grande Do Sul 中三叠世 Santa 

Maria 组一新犬齿兽类 = A new 

Traversodontid Cynodont (Therapsida, 

Eucynodontia) from the Middle Triassic Santa 

Maria Formation of Rio Grande Do Sul, 

Brazil. ( 英文 ). Reichel M; Schultz C L; 

Soares M B. Palaeontology, 2009, 52(1): 229- 

250 

Remains of a peculiar traversodontid 

cynodont, Protuberum cabralensis gen. et sp. 

nov., are described herein. The material was 

collected from two outcrops representing the 

Therapsid Cenozone (Middle Triassic) of the 

Santa Maria Formation, and consists of a 

cranium with most of its dentition preserved 

and an associated postcranial skeleton. The 

upper postcanines have two sharp cusps that 

are connected by a medial crest on unworn 

postcanines. The specimens possess several 

autapomorphies, including: (1) presence of 

thickened bone on the dorsal surface of the 

skull; (2) thick dorsal ribs, with remarkable 

processes situated on their dorsal borders that 

decrease in size distally; and (3) an iliac blade 

with a series of rugosities along its dorsal 

border. The lumbar ribs bear overlapping 

costal plates and have distally projecting rib 

shafts that differ from the pattern observed in 

Thrinaxodon, Pascualgnathus and 

Cynognathus. 

2009020431 

南非 Karoo 盆地跨越二叠 - 三叠系界线的 

Lystrosaurus 种类组成 = Lystrosaurus 

species composition across the Permo – 

Triassic boundary in the Karoo Basin of South 

Africa. ( 英文 ). Botha J; Smith R M H. 

Lethaia, 2007, 40(2): 125-137 

Lystrosaurus is one of the few therapsid 

genera that survived the end-Permian mass 

134

extinction, and the only genus to have done so 

in abundance. This study identifies which 

species of Lystrosaurus have been recovered 

from Permian and Triassic strata to determine 

changes in the species composition across the 

Permo – Triassic (P – T) boundary in the 

Karoo Basin of South Africa. Data generated 

from museum collections and recent fieldwork 

were used to stratigraphically arrange a total 

of 189 Lystrosaurus specimens to determine 

which species survived the extinction event. 

Results reveal that L. curvatus and L. 

maccaigi lived together on the Karoo 

floodplains immediately before the extinction 

event. L. maccaigi did not survive into the 

Triassic in South Africa. L. curvatus survived, 

but did not flourish and soon became extinct. 

Two new species of Lystrosaurus, L. murrayi 

and L. declivis, appeared in the Early Triassic. 

It is possible that L. murrayi and L. declivis 

occupied different niches to L. maccaigi and L. 

curvatus, and had special adaptations that 

were advantageous in an Early Triassic 

environment. We suggest that L. maccaigi 

may be used as a biostratigraphic marker to 

indicate latest Permian strata in South Africa 

and that, in support of previous proposals, the 

genus Lystrosaurus should not be used as a 

sole indicator of Triassic-aged strata. Our field 

data also show that L. curvatus may be 

regarded as a biostratigraphic indicator of the 

P–T boundary interval. 

2009020432 

似鱼的沧龙 ——Plotosaurus( 爬行纲 , 有鳞 

目 ) 主轴骨骼再认识 = A fishy mosasaur: the 

axial skeleton of Plotosaurus (Reptilia, 

Squamata) reassessed. ( 英文 ). Lindgren J; 

Jagt J W M; Caldwell M W. Lethaia, 2007, 

40(2): 153-160 

The concept of convergence, that is, how 

unrelated animals independently evolve 

similar morphological traits, is a fundamental 

aspect of evolution. Hitherto, the Mesozoic 

ichthyosaurs were regarded as the sole 

obligate marine reptiles that achieved a fully 

streamlined body and a semilunate tail fluke. 

However, analyses of vertebral centrum 

morphometrics and process orientation have 

revealed that a subsequent clade of 

secondarily aquatic reptiles, the mosasaurs 

(here exemplified by the advanced, mid- 

Maastrichtian mosasaurine Plotosaurus), had 

developed a deep, fusiform body and a 

probable pursuit-predatory behaviour by the 

time of their sudden extinction at the 

Cretaceous – Paleogene boundary. Stringent 

physical constraints and selection pressures, 

imposed by the surrounding water, probably 

were responsible for this spectacular example 

of large-scale evolutionary convergence. 

2009020433 

澳大利亚昆士兰下侏罗统鸟脚恐龙足迹 = 

Ornithopod dinosaur tracks from the Lower 

Jurassic of Queensland. ( 英文 ). Thulborn R A. 

Alcheringa, 1994, 18(3): 247 - 258 

Natural casts of seven small footprints have 

been identified on a single weathered block 

derived from the Precipice Sandstone (Lower 

Jurassic) of the Carnarvon Gorge, 

southeastern Queensland. The footprints are 

attributed to ornithopod dinosaurs and are 

referred to the ichnogenus Anomoepus. They 

appear to be most similar to the ichnospecies 

Anomoepus gracillimus, originally defined on 

footprints from the Lower Jurassic of the 

northeastern United States. This identification 

is consistent with the presumed age of the 

Precipice Sandstone, since Anomoepus or 

closely related ichnotaxa are common in 

Lower Jurassic sediments of the United States, 

Europe and southern Africa but have never 

been identified with certainty in Triassic 

sediments. The tracks described here were 

made by at least four dinosaurs, all estimated 

to have been about 30 cm high at the hip and 

less than 1·3 m in total length. In their general 

appearance these animals probably resembled 

the small plant-eating dinosaur Fabrosaurus 

(Lesothosaurus), from the Lower Jurassic of 

southern Africa. Tracks of two animals 

provide estimates of walking speeds between 

0·68 and 0·80 m/s (2·4 and 2·9 km/h). These 

footprints are the earliest evidence for the 

existence of ornithischian dinosaurs in 

Australia. 

2009020434 

澳大利亚中新世一个新的有角的龟新种 

Meiolania brevicollis = Meiolania brevicollis 

sp. nov. (Testudines: Meiolaniidae): a new 

horned turtle from the Australian Miocene. 

( 英文 ). Megirian D. Alcheringa, 1992, 16(2): 

93 - 106 

A new horned turtle (Family Meiolaniidae), 

Meiolania brevicollis sp. nov. from the Mid 

Miocene Camfield Beds of northern Australia 

is diagnosed from cranial fragments and three 

cervical vertebrae. It is morphologically 

similar to M. platyceps from the Pleistocene of 

Lord Howe Island, but, in addition to more 

subtle features, has a flatter skull, 

proportionally elongated cranial 'B' horn-cores, 

135

vestigial or absent 'A' horn-cores, and 

probably a shorter neck. An hypothesis of 

systematic relationships within Meiolaniidae, 

using shared, derived cranial characters, 

supports the suggestion of Gaffney & 

McNamara (1990) that Meiolania is a 

monophyletic genus, derived with respect to 

'Meiolania' oweni. Further, M. brevicollis 

appears to be advanced with respect to M. 

platyceps, though the latter is known from 

much younger strata. The stratigraphic ranges 

of M. brevicollis and M. platyceps are 

unknown. The hypothesis that M. platyceps 

might have evolved from a M. brevicollis-like 

ancestor is not favoured because it requires a 

structural reversal in horn-core morphology 

2009020435 

中国首次发现具胚胎骨骼的窃蛋龙卵 = 

Oviraptorosaurian Eggs (Dinosauria) with 

Embryonic Skeletons Discovered for the First 

Time in China. ( 英文 ). Cheng Yennien; Ji 

Qiang; Wu Xiaochun; Shan Hsiyin. Acta 


Two elongatoolithid dinosaur eggs from the 

Upper Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi 

Province and the embryonic skeletons they 

bear are described. They represent the first 

oviraptorosaurian eggs with embryonic 

skeletons in China and provide the first 

example that an oospecies can be correlated to 

certain dinosaur taxon/taxa. The two eggs are 

the same as the pair of the eggs inside a 

female oviraptorosaurian pelvis from the same 

horizon of the same area in both macro- and 

micro-structures of the egg shells, and can he 

referred to the oospecies, Macroolithus 

yaotunensis Zhao, 1975. The morphology of 

the preserved part of the embryonic skeletons 

indicates that they may have been laid by an 

oviraptorid, Heyuannia huangi from 

Guangdong Province or a closely related 

oviraptorosaurian, which may have been lived 

in the Ganzhou area too in the Late 

Cretaceous. The embryonic skeletons of the 

two eggs are not in the same developing stage. 

In one of the eggs, the postzygapophysis of 

the preserved vertebrae are well ossified, 

indicating that it was just hatched. 

2009020436 

阿根廷丘布特省盖门早中新世 

Colhuehuapian 阶大蜥蜴类 = Iguanian 

Lizards from the Colhuehuapian (Early 

Miocene) of Gaiman, (Chubut Province, 

Argentina).. ( 英文 ). Albino A M. 

Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(4): 775-782 

The Early Miocene beds of the Sarmiento 

Formation at Gaiman, Chubut Province 

(Argentina) have provided one of the most 

relevant collection of Miocene squamates, 

including iguanians, teiids, boids, and 

colubrids. Fragmentary remains assigned to 

the extant iguanians Pristidactylus and 

Liolaemus are here described, representing the 

earliest records of these genera. Climatic and 

environmental changes occurred during the 

Neogene in Patagonian areas would have 

influenced differentially the squamate fauna, 

producing the retraction in the distribution of 

tupinambine teiids and boid snakes, and, in 

contrast, the diversification of iguanians on 

both sides of the Andes. 

2009020437 

巴西三叠纪圣玛丽组恐龙足印 = Dinosaur 

footprints from the Triassic (Santa Maria 

Formation) of Brazil.. ( 其他 ). da Silva R C; 

Carvalho I D; Fernandes A C S. 

Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(4): 783-790 

Dinosaur footprints in Jurassic and 

Cretaceous rocks are common in Brazil, but 

there are only a few records from Triassic. In 

Rio Grande do Sul State, tridactyl medium 

size footprints were found in Carnian rocks. 

The material proceeds from Predebon outcrop, 

Sao Joao do Polesine County, Rio Grande do 

Sul State, that corresponds to the higher 

portion of the Alemoa Member, Santa Maria 

Formation. The footprints occur in sandstone 

lenses. The ichnofossils were identified as 

dinosaur footprints indet. and as Grallator sp. 

The footprints should correspond to 

undertracks, since many superficial 

characteristics are absent, so that the 

differences between the footprints could 

correspond to preservational factors. On the 

basis of morphologic and stratigraphic criteria, 

the footprints can be attributed to basal 

dinosaurs. Some dinosaurs known for the 

Brazilian Triassic, such as Staurikosaurus, 

Saturnalia and Sacisaurus, could be the 

producers of these footprints. The occurrences 

of dinosaur footprints of the Predebon outcrop 

correspond to the oldest ones of Brazil, and 

moreover, they are compatible with the known 

paleofauna of Alemoa-Caturrita sequence. 

2009020438 

新西兰中新世爬行类喙头蜥和喙头蜥的古 

生物地理 = A sphenodontine 

(Rhynchocephalia) from the Miocene of New 

Zealand and palaeobiogeography of the 

tuatara (Sphenodon). ( 英文 ). Jones M E H; 

136

Tennyson A J D; Worthy J P. Proceedings of 

the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2009, 

276(1660): 1385-1390 

Jaws and dentition closely resembling those 

of the extant tuatara (Sphenodon) are 

described from the Manuherikia Group (Early 

Miocene; 19–16 million years ago, Mya) of 

Central Otago, New Zealand. This material is 

significant in bridging a gap of nearly 70 

million years in the rhynchocephalian fossil 

record between the Late Pleistocene of New 

Zealand and the Late Cretaceous of Argentina. 

It provides the first pre-Pleistocene record of 

Rhynchocephalia in New Zealand, a finding 

consistent with the view that the ancestors of 

Sphenodon have been on the landmass since it 

separated from the rest of Gondwana 82–60 

Mya. However, if New Zealand was 

completely submerged near the Oligo- 

Miocene boundary (25–22 Mya), as recently 

suggested, an ancestral sphenodontine would 

need to have colonized the re-emergent 

landmass via ocean rafting from a currently 

unrecorded and now extinct Miocene 

population. Although an Early Miocene record 

does not preclude that possibility, it 

substantially reduces the temporal window of 

opportunity. Irrespective of pre-Miocene 

biogeographic history, this material also 

provides the first direct evidence that the 

ancestors of the tuatara, an animal often 

perceived as unsophisticated, survived in New 

Zealand despite substantial local climatic and 

environmental changes. 

2009020439 

内蒙古宁城义县组发现幼年翼手龙类 = A 

Baby Pterodactyloid Pterosaur from the 

Yixian Formation of Ningcheng, Inner 

Mongolia, China. ( 英文 ). Lü Junchang. Acta 


A new baby pterodactyloid pterosaur with 

soft tissue preserved, Ningchengopterus liuae 

gen. et sp. nov., is erected based on a nearly 

complete skeleton with a skull. It was 

characterized by the skull, slightly longer than 

the combined length of the dorsal and sacral 

vertebrae; 50 teeth ( including upper and 

lower jaws); short mid-cervical vertebrae; 

the humerus and the scapula, equal to that of 

the wing metacarpal in length; the ulna and 

the femur, equal to that of the first and third 

wing phalanx in length, respectively. The 

similar ratio of the wing phalanx 2 to wing 

phalanx 1 of Ningchengopterus and 

Eosipterus implies that Ningchengopterus 

may be close to the ctenochasmatid pterosaur. 

However, it may also imply that the 

isometrically growing of the first two wing 

phalanges exists among some pterosaurs. 

2009020440 

云南禄丰中侏罗世发现一种新的兽脚目恐 

龙 = A New Theropod Dinosaur from the 

Middle Jurassic of Lufeng, Yunnan, China. 

( 英文 ). Wu Xiaochun; Currie P J; Dong 

Zhiming; Pan Shigang; Wang Tao. Acta 


A new theropod dinosaur, Shidaisaurus 

jinae gen. et sp. nov., has been described on 

the basis of an incomplete skeleton. The 

specimen was found near the base of the 

Upper Lufeng Formation ( early Middle 

Jurassic) in Yunnan, China. It is the first 

theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of 

Yunnan. Shidaisaurus jinae is distinguishable 

from other Jurassic theropods by certain 

features from the braincase, axis, and pelvic 

girdle. The absence of any pleurocoels in the 

axis or in any anterior dorsal vertebrae 

suggests that the new Lufeng theropod is 

relatively primitive and more plesiomorphic 

than most of the Middle to Late Jurassic 

theropods from China. Most Chinese taxa of 

Jurassic theropod dinosaurs have not been 

well described; a further detailed study will be 

necessary for us to determine their 

phylogenetic relationships with Shidaisaurus 

jinae. 

2009020441 

一个新的长颈的 ‘ 蜥角龙 - 拟态者 ’ 剑龙 

和铠甲恐龙的演化 = A new long-necked 

‘ sauropod-mimic ’ stegosaur and the 

evolution of the plated dinosaurs. ( 英文 ). 

Nateus O; Maidment S C R; Christiansen N A. 



1821 

Stegosaurian dinosaurs have a quadrupedal 

stance, short forelimbs, short necks, and are 

generally considered to be low browsers. A 

new stegosaur, Miragaia longicollum gen. et 

sp. nov., from the Late Jurassic of Portugal, 

has a neck comprising at least 17 cervical 

vertebrae. This is eight additional cervical 

vertebrae when compared with the ancestral 

condition seen in basal ornithischians such as 

Scutellosaurus. Miragaia has a higher cervical 

count than most of the iconically long-necked 

sauropod dinosaurs. Long neck length has 

been achieved by ‘ cervicalization ’ of 

137

anterior dorsal vertebrae and probable 

lengthening of centra. All these anatomical 

features are evolutionarily convergent with 

those exhibited in the necks of sauropod 

dinosaurs. Miragaia longicollum is based 

upon a partial articulated skeleton, and 

includes the only known cranial remains from 

any European stegosaur. A well-resolved 

phylogeny supports a new clade that unites 

Miragaia and Dacentrurus as the sister group 

to Stegosaurus; this new topology challenges 

the common view of Dacentrurus as a basal 

stegosaur 

2009020442 

禽龙牙齿间隙演化 = Evolution of Dentary 

Diastema in Iguanodontian Dinosaurs. ( 英文 ). 

Kubota K; Kobayashi Y. Acta Geologica 

Sinica, 2009, 83(1): 39-45 

The dentary diastema of iguanodontians has 

been considered to be related to its unique jaw 

mechanism for herbivorous adaptation. The 

dentary and diastema lengths of 

iguanodontians were measured and compared 

to elucidate the evolution of iguanodontian 

diastema. A gap in ratios between most nonhadrosaurid 

iguanodontians and hadrosaurids 

was observed, suggesting that all nonhadrosaurid 

iguanodontians, expect for 

Ouranosaurus nigeriensis and Protohadros 

byrdi, lack a diastema or have a short diastema, 

although some other taxa have been 

considered to have a long diastema in previous 

studies. In non-hadrosaurid iguanodontians, 

some large-sized forms, such as Iguanodon 

bernissartensis, Shuangmiaosaurus gilmorei, 

and possibly Eolambia caroljonesa, had a 

short diastema through ontogeny, whereas 

Ouranosaurus nigeriensis and Protohadros 

byrdi developed a long diastema convergently. 

The development of a long diastema of 

hadrosaurine hadrosaurids may be different 

from that of lambeosaurine hadrosaurids. 

Some hadrosaurines ( Edmontosaurus 

annectens, Edmontosaurus regalis, and 

Saurolophus angustirostris ) may have 

developed a long diastema in the subadult 

stage and showed little elongation of dentary 

diastema through ontogeny. Lambeosaurines 

( Corythosaurus casuarius and 

Lambeosaurus lambei) tend to have a short 

diastema in the embryonic and subadult stages, 

and an elongated diastema from the subadult 

to adult stages. 

2009020443 

法国 Mont-Bego 地块二叠纪 Pic des 

Merveilles 地点的脊椎动物足印 = 

Vertebrate footprints at the Pic des Merveilles 

from the Permian of the Mont-Bego massif 

(Alpes–Maritimes, France). ( 法文 ). Barrier P; 

Montenat C; de Lumley H. Comptes Rendus 

Palevol, 2009, 8(1): 67-78 

The Permian formations outcropping on the 

southern side of the Mercantour massif 

(Barrot dome; Mont-Bego and the Vallée des 

Merveilles) have not, up until now, yielded 

vertebrate footprints, unlike other southern 

French regions (Lod é vois, Provence). 

However, this has now changed. Discoveries 

have been made, first on loose blocks and then 

in stratigraphy (upper part of the Meraviglie or 

Merveilles formation), during a geological 

survey in the national Mercantour Park. These 

footprints belong to the same ichnite type, 

Varanopus curvidactylus Monodi, 1929. 

Nonetheless, this attribution needs to be 

confirmed by subsequent footprint discoveries. 

Despite unfavourable outcropping conditions 

and often intense tectonic deformation 

(fracturation, beginning of schistosity, 

network of quartzous vein, occasionally with 

epidote), the traces and the associated 

sedimentary features (current ripples, 

mudcracks, raindrop imprints, cyanobacterial 

mats, annelid bioturbations) allow us to 

correlate the depositional environment of the 

upper Meraviglie terrigenous formation with a 

deltaic lower flood plain of a lakeshore. 

2009020444 

爬行动物蜥龙目的起源和演化 = 

Saurischian origins and evolution. ( 法文 ). 

Allain R; Läng E. Comptes Rendus 

Palevol, 2009, 8(2-3): 243-256 

We propose here a short synthesis of the 

saurischian evolutionary history. Our 

knowledge of the diversity and evolution of 

the saurischian non-avian dinosaurs has 

increased during the past decade. The 

generalized use of cladistics has led to various 

phylogenetic hypotheses, some of them in 

agreement on the evolution of saurischians, 

even if some controversy remains. The 

saurischian evolution is closely linked to two 

of the five great mass extinctions, which 

punctuated life history, but probably also to a 

third, less important, extinction event at the 

end of the Early Jurassic. 

2009020445 

138

中国上三叠统 Qianichthyosaurus zhoui 的 

一保存较好的颅骨及 Toretocnemidae 科的 

系统发育位置 = A well-preserved skull of 

Qianichthyosaurus zhoui Li, 1999 (Reptilia: 

Ichthyosauria) from the Upper Triassic of 

China and the phylogenetic position of the 

Toretocnemidae. ( 英文 ). Maisch M W; Jiang 

Da-yong; Hao Wei-cheng; Sun Yuan-lin; sun 

Zuo-yu; Stohr H. Neues Jahrbuch fur 


Abhandlungen, 2008, 248(3): 257-266 

A well-preserved skull and mandible of the 

toretocnemid ichthyosaur Qianichthyosaurus 

zhoui is described from the Upper Triassic 

Wayao Member of the Falang Formation of 

Guanling County, Guizhou Province, 

southwestern China. It allows substantial 

additions to the knowledge of the cranial 

osteology of this taxon and the rectification of 

previous misinterpretations, particularly of the 

temporal region. Qianichthyosaurus shows 

numerous similarities to the mixosaurids in its 

cranial skeleton, particularly with regard to the 

temporal region, skull proportions and 

dentition, although it lacks some key features 

of the family, such as continuous supranarial 

and supraorbital crests or a high saggital crest 

on nasal, frontal and parietal. The similarities 

in cranial osteology, togrther with some 

remarkably plesiomorphic features of the 

postcranial skeleton, suggest, that the 

Toretocnemide may not be the sister-group of 

the Longipinnati, as previously proposed, but 

may be closely related to the Mixosauridae 

istead, developing the basically tridactylous 

fin pattern independently of other logipinnate 

ichthyosaurs. 

鸟类 

2009020446 

阿根廷上中新统一巨型尖咀小鸟及化石 

Anhingidae 的重量计算 = A giant darter 

(Pelecaniformes: Anhingidae) from the Upper 

Miocene of Argentina and weight calculation 

of fossil Anhingidae. ( 英文 ). Areta J I; 

Noriega J I; Agnolin F. Neues Jahrbuch fur 


Abhandlungen, 2007, 243(3): 343-350 

Darters are fresh-water birds presently 

distributed in tropical regions all over the 

world. Fossil darters were only known from 

North America, Europe, and Africa, but 

description in the last decade of various 

genera and paleospecies revealed an 

unsuspected diversity of large-bodied taxa of 

Anhingidae in the Tertiary of South America. 

We report the finding of the largest specimen 

of Anhingidae known to date, for which we 

estimate a mass of 17.7 kg. 

2009020447 

澳大利亚昆士兰始新世红岸高原组一鸟足 

化石 = The foot of a bird from the Eocene 

Redbank Plains Formation of Queensland, 

Australia. ( 英文 ). Vickers-Rich P; Molnar R E. 

Alcheringa, 1996, 20(1): 21 - 29 

Impressions of what appear to be pedal 

digits II and III of a bird have been found in 

the Eocene Redbank Plains Formation, 

Brisbane, Queensland. These represent some 

of the oldest Cainozoic avian fossils from 

Australia. The broad phalanges and the 

phalangeal proportions indicate that the 

Redbank Plains bird foot was from a ground 

dweller. Paired processes for the flexor 

tendons on the proximoventral margin of 

phalanx 1 digit III are absent. Relative 

proportions of the phalanges and number of 

phalanges in digits II and III are similar to 

those of dromornithids. These two characters 

shared with dromornithids suggest that the 

Redbank Plains bird may represent the oldest 

known member of that clade 

2009020448 

中国早白垩世鸟类一新的基干世系及其在 

鸟尾演化中的意义 = A new basal lineage of 

early Cretaceous birds from China and its 

implications on the evolution of the avian tail. 

( 英文 ). Gao Chunling; Chiappe L M; Meng 

Qinjing; O'connor J M; Wang Xuri; Cheng 

Xiaodong; Liu Jinyuan. Palaeontology, 2008, 

51(4): 775 - 791 

We report on a new Early Cretaceous bird 

from China that sheds significant light on the 

evolutionary transition between primitive 

birds with a long bony tail and those with a 

short tail ending in a pygostyle. A cladistic 

analysis of basal birds supports the placement 

of the new fossil as the sister-taxon of all 

pygostylians. Possessing a unique hand 

morphology with a phalangeal formula of 2-3- 

3-x-x and a reduced number of caudal 

vertebrae lacking a pygostyle, the new 

specimen reveals anatomical information 

previously unknown and increases the 

taxonomic diversity of primitive, nonpygostylian 

birds. We infer from the specimen 

that during the evolution of the avian tail, a 

decrease in relative caudal length and number 

of vertebrae preceded the distal fusion of 

caudals into a pygostyle. 

139

2009020449 

谢佩岛下始新统一巨型 Dasornis 类的头骨 

化石 = A skull of the giant bony-toothed bird 

Dasornis (Aves: Pelagornithidae) from the 

lower Eocene of the isle of Sheppey. ( 英文 ). 

Mayr G. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(5): 1107- 

1116 

The first substantial skull of a very large 

Paleogene bony-toothed bird (Pelagornithidae) 

is described from the Lower Eocene London 

Clay of the Isle of Sheppey in England. The 

specimen is assigned to Dasornis emuinus 

(Bowerbank), based on a taxonomic revision 

of the large London Clay Pelagornithidae. 

Very large bony-toothed birds from the 

London Clay were known previously from 

fragmentary remains of non-comparable 

skeletal elements only, and Dasornis 

londinensis Owen, Argillornis emuinus 

(Bowerbank), A. longipennis Owen, and 

Neptuniavis miranda Harrison and Walker are 

considered junior synonyms of D. emuinus. 

The new specimen allows a definitive 

assignment of Dasornis to the Pelagornithidae 

and documents that this taxon closely 

resembles other bony-toothed birds in cranial 

morphology. It is hypothesized that giant size 

(i.e. a wingspan above 4 m) evolved only once 

within Pelagornithidae and that Dasornis 

emuinus is the sister taxon of the giant 

Neogene bony-toothed birds, which share a 

derived wing morphology. 

2009020450 

鼠鸟类的化石记录及其演化 = The fossil 

record and evolution of Mousebirds (Aves: 

Coliiformes). ( 英文 ). Zelenkov N V; Dyke G 

J. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(6): 1403-1418 

Recent mousebirds are the smallest of the 

living neognathous bird orders – just two 

genera comprising six species. Understanding 

the evolutionary dynamics of this avian 

lineage is important because these birds 

occupy a critical position within Neoaves and 

can be used as a model for patterns of 

morphological diversification in other taxa. 

We present a review of all known fossil 

mousebirds (Aves: Coliiformes), which 

formed a diverse assemblage in the Paleogene 

(65 – 23.8 ma). We also present a new 

phylogenetic analysis including the living and 

fossil representatives of the order, on the basis 

of a larger character/taxon matrix. This 

analysis suggests that the Lower Eocene 

Eocolius is the most basal member of clade 

Coliiformes, while the Lower – Middle 

Eocene Sandcoleidae form a basal clade with 

respect to all other known coliiforms. We 

show that the Eocene taxon Chascacocolius is 

the sister group of the crown Coliidae, and 

that the Middle Eocene taxon Selmes is basal 

to a clade comprising Chascacocolius and 

Coliidae. On the basis of this phylogenetic 

analysis, we propose a new classification for 

the order Coliiformes including two new 

families, Chascacocoliidae and Selmeidae. For 

all families (clades) of mousebirds we provide 

descriptive osteological diagnoses and discuss 

a number of functional considerations related 

to the evolution of their hindlimbs; these 

considerations can be extended across all 

extant and fossil perching birds because we 

show that the hindlimb morphology of 

Coliiformes is strongly related to their 

lifestyle, as reflected in their evolutionary 

history. 

2009020451 

中国原始鸟类 confuciusornithid 及其对早 

期鸟类飞行的意义 = A primitive 

confuciusornithid bird from China and its 

implications for early avian flight. ( 英文 ). 

Zhang Fucheng; Zhou Zhonghe; Benton M J. 


Sciences, 2008, 51(5): 625-639 

Confuciusornithids, lived from 120 – 125 

million years ago, form a basal bird group and 

include the oldest birds with horny beaks. 

Here we describe Eoconfuciusornis zhengi, 

gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous 

Dabeigou Formatio (131 Ma) in Fengning, 

Hebei Province, northern China. It represents 

a new and, more primitive than other known, 

member of this group and extends the lifespan 

of this family to 11 Ma, the longest of any 

known Early Cretaceous avian lineages. 

Furthermore, Eoconfuciusornis and its 

relatives present many osteological 

transformations, such as the size increase of 

the deltopectoral crest of the humerus and the 

keel of the sternum, apparently an adaptation 

toward improved flight in the evolution of the 

Confuciusornithidae. 

2009020452 

内蒙古早白垩世发现华夏鸟新种及其地层 

学意义 = A New Species of Cathayornis from 

the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, 

China and Its Stratigraphic Significance. ( 英 

文 ). Li Jianjun; Li Zhiheng; Zhang Yuguang; 

Zhou Zhonghe; Bai Zhiqiang; Zhang Lifu; Ba 

140

Tuya. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2008, 82(6): 

1115-1123 

An incomplete postcranial avian skeleton is 

described from the Lower Cretaceous 

Jingchuan Formation of Otog Banner of 

western Inner Mongolia and referred to a new 

species of Cathayornis, C. chabuensis sp. nov. 

This is the first report of a Cathayornis from 

outside Liaoning Province. The new discovery 

indicates that Cathayornis coexisted with 

Otogornis genghisi, and a more detailed 

comparison between these two enantiornithine 

genera shows that Otogornis represents a 

more primitive genus than Cathayornis. Our 

analyses further indicate that Cathayornis is 

an arboreal bird. The discovery of a 

Cathayornis from this region also confirms 

that the avian fossil-bearing Jingchuan 

Formation is comparable to the Jiufotang 

Formation of the upper Jehol Group in 

western Liaoning, and should be referred to 

the middle-late Early Cretaceous. 

2009020453 

鸟的起源和演化 :35 年的进展 = The origin 

and evolution of birds: 35 years of progress. 

( 法文 ). Padiana K; de Ricqlès A. Comptes 

Rendus Palevol, 2009, 8(2-3): 257-280 

Birds are dinosaurs – specifically, small 

feathered and flighted theropod dinosaurs that 

probably originated in Laurasia during the 

Late Jurassic over 140 million years ago. They 

are most closely related to other small 

theropods such as dromaeosaurs and 

troodontids, terrestrial predators that were 

fleet-footed hunters. The origin of birds is a 

classic example of two kinds of 

macroevolution: the phylogenetic origin of the 

group, and the sequential assembly of 

adaptations such as flight that are indelibly 

associated with birds. These adaptations were 

not assembled all at once. Rather, a great 

many characteristics associated with birds and 

flight first appeared in non-avian dinosaurs, 

where they were used for many purposes other 

than flight. These included insulation, 

brooding, and probably display and species 

recognition. Birds diversified steadily but 

gradually after their origin, which is identified 

with the origin of flight (Archaeopteryx); 

forelimb and other flight-associated features 

evolved more rapidly than features associated 

with the posterior skeleton. The first birds 

grew more slowly than extant birds do, and 

more like other small Mesozoic dinosaurs; 

like them, they probably matured sexually 

well before they completed their active 

skeletal growth. The origin of flight is not a 

problem of “trees down” or “ground up,” 

but rather an examination of the order in 

which diagnostic flight characters evolved, 

and what each stage can reveal about the 

functions and habits of bird outgroups at those 

evolutionary junctures. 

2009020454 

晚始新世雁形鸟类 Romainvillia stehlini 的 

系统发育关系和形态 = Phylogenetic 

affinities and morphology of the late Eocene 

anseriform bird Romainvillia stehlini 

Lebedinsky, 1927. ( 英文 ). Mayr G. Neues 


Abhandlungen, 2008, 248(3): 365-380 

A lectotype is designated and the previously 

unknown humerus described. In contrast to 

recent hypotheses that R. stehlini is a member 

of Anseranatidae, the species can be 

unambiguously identified as a stem group 

representative of the Anatidae. R. stehlini is 

clearly distinguished from the early Eocene 

anseranatid Anatalavis oxfordi Olson, 1999 in 

all known skeletal elements, and a 

phylogenetic analysis supports a clade. In 

combining Presbyornis-like wing bones with a 

duck-like coracoid and tarsometatarsus, R. 

stehlini represents a morphological link 

between the highly aberrant long-legged 

Presbyornithidae and crown group Anatidae. 

哺乳类 

2009020455 

南美北部晚更新世的新的犬科化石组合 : 

来自委内瑞拉 Zulia 地区 Inciarte 沥青坑的 

犬科化石、化石记录及生物地理 = A new 

fossil canid assemblage from the Late 

Pleistocene of northern south America: the 

canids of the inciarte asphalt pit (Zulia, 

Venezuela), fossil record and biogeography. 

( 英文 ). Prevosti F J; ASCANIO D RINCÓN. 


1065 5 图版 . 

Canids invaded South American during the 

Pliocene (2.8 – 3.1 Ma BP) as part of the 

Great American Biotic Interchange, but their 

record on the continent is relatively poor until 

the Pleistocene. However, even the 

Pleistocene record of the group is patchy and 

biased, with few records for the northern part 

of South America. In this paper we describe a 

new assemblage of canids found at the Inciarte 

asphalt pits (Zulia, Venezuela). These remains 

are associated with a variety of extinct 

Pleistocene mammals dated between 25–27 

141

Ka BP. Canids in this assemblage include 

Protocyon troglodytes (Lund 1838), 

Protocyon sp., Canis dirus Leidy, 1858, 

Urocyon cf. U. cinereoargenteus (Schreber, 

1775), and an indeterminate canid. This is the 

first record of Urocyon Baird, 1758 from the 

Late Pleistocene in South America and 

constrains the timing of its dispersal to South 

America. The distributional record of 

Protocyon Giebel, 1855 and P. troglodytes is 

expanded 1,500 km north of previous records 

and constitutes the first record of these taxa in 

Venezuela. The presence of C. dirus at 

Inciarte constitutes the fourth locality for this 

species in South America. 

2009020456 

阿根廷晚渐新世 Deseadan 阶一个鲜为人知 

的似啮齿类哺乳动物 : 古生态、生物地理 

以及南美似啮齿类有蹄类动物的辐射演化 

= A poorly known Rodentlike Mammal 

(Pachyrukhinae,Hegetotheriidae,Notoungulata) 

from the Deseadan (Late Oligocene) of 

Argentina. paleoecology, biogeography, and 

radiation of the Rodentlike Ungulates in south 

America. ( 英文 ). Reguero M A; Maria T D; 

Cerdeño E. Journal of Paleontology, 2007, 

81(6): 1301-1307 3 图版 . 

The cranial anatomy of the Deseadan 

species Medistylus dorsatus (Ameghino, 1903) 

is described based on new and complete 

material from Cabeza Blanca (Chubut, 

Argentina). Medistylus is the largest of the 

Pachyrukhinae and the specimen described 

here is probably the best-preserved 

pachyrukhine skull known in the Paleogene of 

South America. Previously, the validity of the 

species and its phylogenetic affinities with 

Interatheriidae (Notoungulata, Typotheria) 

were ambiguous and not conclusive. The 

syntypes, now reported lost, were isolated 

teeth poorly described by Ameghino in 1903. 

This almost complete skull with teeth provides 

more diagnostic features in order to complete 

the knowledge of genus. Details about cranial 

and dental morphology allow the reassessment 

of Medistylus dorsatus and its inclusion within 

the subfamily Pachyrukhinae (Hegetotheriidae, 

Notoungulata). Its cranial and dental 

specializations and the apparent sympatry with 

its close relatives Prosotherium garzoni 

Ameghino, 1897 and Propachyrucos 

smithwoodwardi Ameghino, 1897 all imply a 

narrow niche partitioning among the 

Pachyrukhinae during the Deseadan (late 

Oligocene). The occurrence of three 

euhypsodont genera of Pachyrukhinae in the 

Deseadan of Patagonia reflects the major 

radiation of the rodentlike ungulates in the 

Cenozoic of South America and suggests a 

great paleoenvironmental difference between 

the late Oligocene faunas of Patagonia and 

those from Bolivia and Uruguay, where they 

did not live. 

2009020457 

袋鼠和 Vombatiform 前肢解剖学的平行演 

化 : 其功能及演化的意义 = Parallel 

evolution of hand anatomy in Kangaroos and 

Vombatiform Marsupials: functional and 

evolutionary implications. ( 英文 ). Weisbecker 

V; Archer M. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(2): 

321-338 

The anatomy of the mammalian hand is 

exposed to an intriguing interplay between 

phylogeny and function, and provides insights 

on phylogenetic affinities as well as 

locomotory habits of extinct species. Within 

the marsupial order Diprotodontia, terrestrial 

plantigrade quadrupedalism evolved twice, in 

the mostly extinct vombatiforms and in extant 

macropodoids. To assess the influence of 

functional and phylogenetic signal on the 

manus in these two clades, manual anatomy 

and digital proportions in specimens of eight 

extinct and three extant vombatiforms were 

investigated and compared with extant 

macropodoids and extant possums. The results 

reveal extensive parallelisms in the carpal 

region of vombatiforms and macropodoids, 

including flattened distal metacarpal facets, 

reduction of the palmar process of the 

hamatum, reduction of mid-wrist joint curve, 

extensive hamatum/scaphoid contact, and 

absence of a lunatum. These transformations 

appear to be related to stabilization of the 

wrist for plantigrade locomotion. 

Vombatiforms are apomorphic in scaphoid 

and triquetrum anatomy and their metacarpals 

are much more gracile than in other 

Diprotodontia. Manual diversity is greater in 

vombatiforms than in macropodoids, as 

probably was locomotor diversity. Digital 

proportions as well as wrist anatomy divide 

the extinct vombatiforms into species 

resembling arboreal diprotodontians, whereas 

others group with terrestrial quadrupedal 

kangaroos and wombats. The latter is 

suggested to be owing to plantigrade 

locomotion and/or large size. Carpal anatomy 

and digital proportions suggest that a range of 

earlier diverging vombatiforms may have been 

arboreal or scansorial. As such, we propose 

that the ancestor of extant vombatiforms 

142

(koalas and wombats) may have been arboreal, 

an option that deserves consideration in the 

reconstruction of vombatiform evolution. 

2009020458 

澳大利亚东北早上新世有袋类一奇异新科 

(Incertae sedis) 以及对 Bunodont 有袋类的 

系统学意义 = A bizarre new family of 

Marsupialia (Incertae sedis) from the Early 

Pliocene of northeastern Australia: 

implications for the phylogeny of Bunodont 

Marsupials. ( 英文 ). Beck R M D; Archer M; 

Godthelp H; Mackness B S; Hand S J; 

Muirhead J. Journal of Paleontology, 2008, 

82(4): 749-762 2 图版 . 

We describe Numbigilga ernielundeliusi 

new genus and species, a highly unusual 

marsupial represented by a partial right 

mandible with p2–m4 and a left upper molar 

from early Pliocene deposits at Bluff Downs, 

Queensland, northeastern Australia. 

Numbigilga n. gen. is characterized by a 

bunodont dentition with a number of striking 

specializations, and we refer it to 

Numbigilgidae new family. This taxon shares 

a range of dental apomorphies with various 

bunodont marsupial groups from the Late 

Cretaceous of North America and Paleogene 

of Gondwana. However, many of these 

features are most likely highly homoplastic 

within marsupials, reflecting convergent 

adaptations to a frugivorous-omnivorous diet. 

Other dental characters suggest possible 

affinities to the Australian order 

Peramelemorphia (bandicoots). Alternatively, 

Numbigilga may be a representative of an 

entirely new order of Australian marsupials. In 

the absence of more nearly complete 

specimens that might clarify its relationships, 

we refer Numbigilga to Marsupialia incertae 

sedis. We consider the distributions of a 

number of dental characters in bunodont 

marsupials and argue that no North American 

Late Cretaceous taxa can be convincingly 

referred to the order Polydolopimorphia. Thus, 

polydolopimorphians continue to be known 

only from the Cenozoic of Gondwana, with no 

fossil evidence that their initial divergences 

occurred in North America. 

2009020459 

中欧中新统的 Anchitheriomys = The beaver 

Anchitheriomys from the Miocene of Central 

Europe. ( 英文 ). Stefen C; Mörs T. Journal of 


New finds of teeth and mandibles of 

Anchitheriomys from the Hambach opencast 

lignite mine in Northwest Germany and the 

first detailed descriptions of other mandibles 

from South Germany and Switzerland allow a 

review of the Central European specimens of 

this rare beaver genus. The metric variation of 

cheek teeth and especially the great 

differences in dimensions of incisors can be 

much better assessed. The observed range in 

size can be attributed to ontogenetic changes, 

and all material is assigned to Anchitheriomys 

suevicus. Stratigraphically, this species is 

restricted to the early middle Miocene, 

European Mammalian Neogene biozones MN 

5–6. 

2009020460 

秦岭张坪洞中自中更新世以来田鼠分布及 

其环境意义 = The microtine distribution and 

its environmental significance since the 

Middle Pleistocene in Zhangping Caves of the 

Qinling Mountains. ( 英文 ). Li Yongxiang; 

Xue Xiangxu. Science in China Series D: 


Three microtine species are recovered from 

the Zhangping Caves of the Qingling 

Mountains, namely Microtus oeconomus, 

Caryomys inez and Caryomys eva. They are 

climate-sensitive ones with different 

ecological habits, therefore their distribution 

well corresponds to environmental variations. 

Statistical comparison of the distribution of 

fossil microtines and their counterparts 

nowadays displays that the climate variation 

of the studied area and its contiguity since the 

middle Pleistocene are: warm and humid at 

493 ka ago, cool and humid at 259 ka ago— 

cold and humid at 205 ka ago — cool and 

humid at 28 ka ago, and warm and dry at 

present. 

2009020461 

中新世中期至更新世非洲食肉动物 : 新资 

料、系统分类、演化和生物地理 = African 

Carnivora from the Middle Miocene to the 

Pleistocene: New data, systematics, evolution, 

biogeography. ( 法文 ). de Bonis L. Comptes 


Ce volume correspond aux actes d’un sé 

minaire qui s’est tenu à l’université de 

Poitiers (France) sous l’égide de la National 

Science Foundation (États-Unis), dans le 

cadre du projet Revealing Hominids Origins 

Initiative, NSF Award #BCS-0321893. L’id 

é e est n é e, il y a quelques ann é es, en 

143

collaboration avec le regrett é Professeur 

Francis Clark Howell de l ’ universit é de 

Berkeley (États-Unis). Celui-ci nous a 

malheureusement quitt é s bien avant la r é 

alisation du séminaire et j’ai dû continuer 

seul la tâche que nous avions commencée en 

commun. Cela me donne l’occasion, cela 

donne l’occasion à tous les participants, de 

saluer l’œuvre de ce grand paléontologue qui 

a laiss é une trace ind é l é bile dans notre 

discipline. Clark, travailleur infatigable, s’é 

tait créé, au cours de sa carrière, un réseau de 

collègues qui, de façon générale, étaient vite 

devenus ses amis dans le domaine de la palé 

ontologie humaine, aussi bien que dans celui 

de l’étude des carnivores fossiles. Ce dernier 

domaine, qui lui était extrêmement cher, est 

celui grâce auquel nous nous sommes retrouvé 

s à Poitiers. Les carnivores d’Afrique furent 

l’un de ses sujets de prédilection et je crois 

qu’il aurait été heureux d’être parmi nous ; 

quelques jours avant sa mort, j’ai eu le privil 

ège d’une longue conversation téléphonique 

avec lui, qui montrait que son esprit n’avait 

rien perdu de sa vivacité. 

2009020462 

肯尼亚巴林地区基萨拉曼和切帕拉瓦中新 

世中期 Muruyur 组古食肉动物和食肉动物 

= Creodonts and carnivores from the Middle 

Miocene Muruyur Formation at Kipsaraman 

and Cheparawa, Baringo District, Kenya. ( 法 

文 ). Morales J; Pickford M. Comptes Rendus 

Palevol, 2008, 7(8): 487-497 

The Middle Miocene Muruyur Formation 

(ca 14.5 Ma), Tugen Hills, Kenya, has yielded 

a huge creodont and a variety of carnivores 

ranging in size from mongoose-sized viverrids 

and herpestids to lion-sized amphicyonids. 

The fauna partly fills what used to be a major 

gap in our knowledge of Neogene African 

carnivores, spanning the period between the 

better known Early Miocene assemblages of 

western Kenya and eastern Uganda, and the 

Late Miocene and Plio–Pleistocene faunas of 

East Africa. Present in the deposits are 

Megistotherium, two species of Hecubides, 

one species of Agnotherium, Herpestes, 

Vishnuictis, and one or two undetermined 

felids. 

2009020463 

乍得中新世晚期食肉动物 :Herpestidae, 

Viverridae 和小体型的 Felidae = Late 

Miocene Carnivora from Chad: Herpestidae, 

Viverridae and small-sized Felidae. ( 英文 ). 

Peigné S; de Bonis L; Mackaye H T; Likius A; 

Vignaud P; Brunet M. Comptes Rendus 

Palevol, 2008, 7(8): 499-527 

The small-sized feliforms (Viverridae, 

Herpestidae, Felidae) from the Late Miocene 

fossiliferous area of Toros-Menalla, Chad, are 

described. The Viverridae are represented by 

dental and postcranial remains of two species: 

a new, large-sized viverrid, Sahelictis korei n. 

gen. n. sp., which is characterized by a more 

trenchant dentition than in Viverra spp., and 

an indeterminate species similar in size to 

Viverra howelli. The Herpestidae are 

represented by a subcomplete mandible with 

partial dentition assigned to Herpestes sp., 

similar in size to the smallest individuals of 

the extant Herpestes naso and H. ichneumon. 

Felids are known from two, possibly three 

small-sized species. Fragmentary dental and 

postcranial remains indicate the presence of 

one or two species of the size of the golden cat 

(Profelis aurata). A partial skeleton of a 

wildcat-sized species assigned to Felis sp. is 

also described; this record is by far the earliest 

record for the genus in Africa 

2009020464 

肯尼亚中新世晚期食肉动物 “ictitheres” 

重新鉴定分类位置 = axonomical reappraisal 

of “ictitheres” (Mammalia, Carnivora) from 

the Late Miocene of Kenya. ( 英文 ). Semenov 

Y. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2008, 7(8): 529- 

539 

In 2003, Werdelin has identified three 

hyaenid species from the Late Miocene of 

Kenya (Lothagam Formation), including two 

“ictitheres” – a newly erected Ictitherium 

ebu Werdelin, 2003, and Hyaenictitherium cf. 

parvum. The present article discusses the 

published evidence on the Kenyan hyaenids 

and explores additional cranial and postcranial 

characters useful for differentiation between 

the true ictitheres (i.e., the genera of the 

subfamily Ictitheriinae Trouessart, 1897) and 

some small members of the subfamily 

Hyaeninae Gray, 1869 

2009020465 

非洲和欧洲中新世食肉动物组合的对比和 

亲缘关系 = Comparisons and relationships of 

the African and European Miocene carnivoran 

assemblages. ( 英文 ). Koufosa G D; de Bonis 

144

L. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2008, 7(8): 541- 

556 

In the present article, the Middle and Late 

Miocene carnivoran faunas of Europe and 

Africa are compared for establishing their 

relationships. The Middle Miocene carnivoran 

assemblages from both continents are quite 

different at the specific and generic levels, less 

expressed in family composition. The 

comparison of the Late Miocene carnivoran 

assemblages indicates the following: the 

African carnivoran assemblage is different 

from the European ones both at the generic 

and specific level; the carnivoran faunas of 

Europe can be split into two geographic 

groups, “ western ” and “ eastern ” ; the 

Turolian African assemblage is more 

diversified at the family level; the African 

carnivoran assemblage differs from the 

European ones in the presence of herpestids, 

the higher abundance of mustelids and the 

fewer hyaenids. It is more similar to the Late 

Miocene carnivoran assemblages of western 

and central Europe than eastern Europe. 

2009020466 

埃塞俄比亚阿法尔裂谷中阿瓦什中新世晚 

期 - 上新世早期食肉动物水獭类的新观察 = 

New observations on the Late Miocene – 

Early Pliocene Lutrinae (Mustelidae: 

Carnivora, Mammalia) from the Middle 

Awash, Afar Rift, Ethiopia. ( 英文 ). Haile- 

Selassie Y. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2008, 

7(8): 557-569 

New observations on the Late Miocene and 

Earliest Pliocene mustelids from the Middle 

Awash of Ethiopia are presented. The Middle 

Awash study area samples the last six million 

years of African vertebrate evolutionary 

history. Its Latest Miocene (Asa Koma 

Member of the Adu-Asa Formation, 5.54– 

5.77 Ma) and Earliest Pliocene (Kuseralee and 

Gawto Members of the Sagantole Formation, 

5.2 and 4.85 Ma, respectively) deposits 

sample a number of large and small carnivore 

taxa among which mustelids are numerically 

abundant. Among the known Late Miocene 

and Early Pliocene mustelid genera, the 

Middle Awash Late Miocene documents the 

earliest Mellivora in eastern Africa and its 

likely first appearance in Africa, a new species 

of Plesiogulo, and a species of Vishnuonyx. 

The latter possibly represents the last 

appearance of this genus in Africa. Torolutra 

ougandensis is known from both the Late 

Miocene and Early Pliocene deposits of the 

Middle Awash. The genus Sivaonyx is 

represented by at least two species: S. 

ekecaman and S. aff. S. soriae. Most of the 

lutrine genera documented in the Middle 

Awash Late Miocene/Early Pliocene are also 

documented in contemporaneous sites of 

eastern Africa. The new observations 

presented here show that mustelids were more 

diverse in the Middle Awash Late Miocene 

and Early Pliocene than previously 

documented. 

2009020467 

乍得 Kossom Bougoudi, Djurab 沙漠脊椎 

动物化石产地 : 非洲中新世 - 上新世界线食 

肉动物群分布的一个窗口 = The fossil 

vertebrate locality Kossom Bougoudi, Djurab 

desert, Chad: A window in the distribution of 

the carnivoran faunas at the Mio–Pliocene 

boundary in Africa. ( 英文 ). Bonis L; Peigné S; 

Mackaye HT; Likius A; Vignaud P; Brunet M. 


The fossil vertebrate bearing locality 

Kossom Bougoudi (KB) is situated in the 

Djurab desert (Chad, Africa), 600 km northeast 

of N’djamena. It has yielded about 1250 

specimens with many mammalian remains, 

principally artiodactyls. Its geologic age has 

been estimated to be about 5 Ma by 

biochronologic estimation and about 5.3 Ma 

by radiometric studies on cosmogenic nuclides 

of beryllium (authigenic 

10 B/ 9 B). The 

carnivoran fauna contains few specimens 

which belong to five different families. All the 

taxa were unknown in central Africa. A large 

lutrine is close to Sivaonyx but different from 

known species of the genus. Another large 

lutrine is similar by its size to a species 

described from the Middle Pliocene of 

Uganda. An edentulous mandible of a small 

machairodont cat resembles a small species of 

Dinofelis, while a distal humerus indicates the 

presence of a larger member of the same 

genus. A hunting hyaenid is also much like the 

European species. An unidentified canid 

reaches the size of the recent Canis aureus 

and an isolated calcaneum matches that of the 

large extant viverrid. This small fauna allows 

a first look at the guild of the carnivorans at 

the Latest Miocene – Pliocene boundary in 

Central Africa and is a milestone between 

North African, East African and South African 

carnivore faunas. 

2009020468 

埃塞俄比亚中阿瓦沙峡谷上新世 Aramis 层 

(Sagantole 组 ) 新的 Eucyon 类 = New 

145

Eucyon remains from the Pliocene Aramis 

Member (Sagantole Formation), Middle 

Awash Valley (Ethiopia). ( 英文 ). García N. 


The Aramis Member (Sagantole formation) 

includes the Gàala Tuff Complex-Daam Aatu 

Basaltic Tuff interval which has produced a 

taxonomically diverse vertebrate assemblage 

including the primitive hominid Ardipithecus 

ramidus. New Eucyon remains recovered from 

this interval come from localities in the 

Aramis, Sagantole, and Kuseralee catchments. 

The chronology established for the GATC- 

DABT interval is 4.4 Ma. These recoveries 

represent the most abundant available Eucyon 

assemblage of the eastern African Pliocene. 

Here, Eucyon fossils from the Kapsomin and 

Lemudong’o Late Miocene Kenyan sites are 

compared with the Aramis representatives, 

showing comparable morphology although 

with smaller dimensions. E. intrepidus – 

E. wokari nov. sp., might constitute a single 

lineage, with increasing size and robusticity, 

and the derivation of some morphological 

traits mainly on the lower carnassial. 

E. wokari represents a new eastern species of 

the African Pliocene Eucyon lineage. 

2009020469 

非洲西北部上新世 - 更新世食肉动物 : 短评 

= Plio-Pleistocene Carnivora of northwestern 

Africa: A short review. ( 英文 ). Geraads D. 


The fossil record of northwestern African 

carnivores is very patchy. The richest 

assemblage is that of the Late Pliocene of Ahl 

al Oughlam, with more than 20 species 

belonging to the main modern families. Some 

additions to its study are made here. The 

rather poor Early Pleistocene faunas are 

mainly marked by the arrival of a large Canis. 

A fauna of modern type, with example, the 

duo Hyaena–Crocuta, settles in the Earliest 

Pleistocene site of Tighenif, where some older 

elements linger on (Homotherium), beside 

some taxa of doubtful affinities, like a large 

Panthera, and a strange canid close to 

Nyctereutes, dominant at this site as well as at 

the slightly younger ones of Thomas and 

Oulad Hamida Quarries in Casablanca. All 

these faunas consist mostly of African taxa, 

together with a Palaearctic component whose 

importance increases towards the end of the 

Pleistocene. 

2009020470 

意大利中部南托斯卡纳蒙特阿尔詹塔里奥 

早上新世非洲种 Megantereon whitei = The 

African species Megantereon whitei from the 

Early Pleistocene of Monte Argentario (South 

Tuscany, Central Italy). ( 英文 ). Sardella R; 

Petrucci M; Rook L. Comptes Rendus 

Palevol, 2008, 7(8): 601-606 

A partial skull and articulated postcranial 

elements of Megantereon whitei have been 

recorded during the 1950s from a karst deposit 

in the Monte Argentario area (Grosseto). 

These fossils recently became available for 

study. The bones are quite well preserved, 

included in a hard reddish matrix with 

calcareous clasts. The fossil is part of a faunal 

assemblage referred to the Late Villafranchian 

(Early Pleistocene). M. whitei from Monte 

Argentario is characterised by elongated upper 

canines, stronger than those of the Upper 

Valdarno (Tuscany) specimens and similar to 

the Pirro Nord (Apulia) fossil. The manus is 

robust, the first phalanges are quite long in 

comparison to the metacarpals. The Early 

Pleistocene European M. whitei represents an 

African element that took part in the faunal 

dispersal from Africa to Europe that occurred 

at the Plio-Pleistocene transition 

2009020471 

非洲绝灭的丘齿型水獭的股骨 = The femur 

of extinct bunodont otters in Africa (Carnivora, 

Mustelidae, Lutrinae). ( 英文 ). Lewis M E. 


This study compares fossil femora 

attributed to extinct African bunodont lutrines 

with extant mustelids and ursids to reconstruct 

locomotor behavior. Due to the immense size 

differences among taxa, shape data were used 

to compare morphology. Based on 

morphological differences, the fossil femora 

are suggested to belong to different taxa with 

different locomotor abilities and habitat 

preferences. The Langebaanweg femur is the 

oldest and has a typical mustelid morphology 

suggesting that it was a locomotor generalist 

like most mustelids. The West Turkana form 

is more like extant nonbunodont otters, but 

much larger, and may have belonged to a 

semiaquatic taxon. The enormous Omo femur 

shares some features with truly aquatic taxa 

(e.g., Enhydra) and is the most likely to have 

been fully aquatic. The same may hold true for 

the Hadar species as it is most similar to that 

from the Omo. If these femora truly belong to 

bunodont lutrines, then they are more diverse 

146

in postcranial morphology than in dental 

morphology. 

2009020472 

7-1.2 百万年非洲食肉动物群的生物地理关 

系 = Biogeographic relationships of African 

carnivoran faunas, 7 – 1.2 Ma. ( 英文 ). 

Werdelin L. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2008, 

7(8): 645-656 

This study analyses the carnivore 

component of African fossil faunas from three 

time slices: 7–5 Ma, 4–3 Ma, and 2.5– 

1.2 Ma, using cluster analysis and principal 

coordinate analysis (PCO) of 

presence/absence data on genera. The faunas 

mostly cluster by time slice, with the 

exception of Laetoli (Tanzania) and Ahl al 

Oughlam (Morocco), which differ from all 

other faunas. The separation during the Late 

Miocene of a Chado – Libyan bioprovince 

from the remainder of Africa is supported. No 

such distinctions are present in the other time 

slices. Taxonomic distance is not generally 

correlated with geographic distance, though if 

Langebaanweg is removed from the 7–5 Ma 

time slice, the correlation at that time is 

significant. Comparison of these 

paleontological results with phylogeographic 

studies of modern species leads to some 

general comments on the analytic power of the 

fossil record with regard to interregional 

migrations. 

2009020473 

巴西巴伊亚 Poço Azul 第四纪 

Megalonychidae 科一新种 = A new species 

of Megalonychidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) 

from the Quaternary of Poço Azul (Bahia, 

Brazil). ( 英文 ). Cartellea C; De Iuliis G; Pujos 

F. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2008, 7(6): 335- 

346 

The new genus and species Ahytherium 

aureum (Mammalia, Xenarthra, 

Megalonychidae) from the Quaternary of Poço 

Azul (Bahia, Brazil) is described. It is the first 

Brazilian megalonychid known from 

reasonably complete and well-preserved 

remains. Purported Brazilian megalonychids 

described in the past, such as Ocnopus gracilis 

and Xenocnus cearesis, are noted as belonging 

to other sloth clades, and the acceptance by 

past paleontologists of the existence of 

‘strange’ megalonychids in Brazil is shown 

to be erroneous. Ahytherium aureum, in fact, 

exhibits typical megalonychid morphology. It 

differs from other known members of 

Megalonychidae in several characters, 

including a markedly shortened, but high 

rostral region, with dorsally inflated frontals, 

wide zygomatic processes of the frontal, 

narrow, blade-like and anterolaterally oriented 

lacrimals, curved, slender and oval 

caniniforms, gracile humerus with less 

developed deltopectoral shelf, and relatively 

distal position of the greater trochanter of the 

femur. A second specimen from São Paolo 

state is tentatively assigned to the new genus 

and species 

2009020474 

伊比利亚半岛哺乳动物 Hemitragus aff. 

cedrensis 的出现 : 西班牙巴伦西亚 

Bolomor 洞穴发现的生物年代和生物地理 

意义 = Presence of Hemitragus aff. cedrensis 

(Mammalia, Bovidae) in the Iberian Peninsula: 

Biochronological and biogeographical 

implications of its discovery at Bolomor Cave 

(Valencia, Spain. ( 英文 ). Rivals F; Blasco R. 


The discovery of new material in Late 

Pleistocene levels at Bolomor Cave (Valencia, 

Spain) raises some questions about the 

presence of the most ancient record of 

Hemitragus cedrensis in the peninsula, and its 

dispersal out of Provence. The morphology 

and dimensions of some lower teeth confirm 

the identification of H. aff. cedrensis. 

Moreover, it presents strong similarities, both 

morphological and metrical, with the 

specimens from Caune de l’Arago and bau 

de l ’ Aubesier (end of OIS 7 to OIS 5e) 

rather than with the population from the 

eponymous locality. The data suggest a 

dispersal event out of Provence towards the 

Iberian Peninsula during the Eemian. This 

dispersal was not stopped by natural barriers 

such as large rivers, or mountains. The results 

presented here confirm the biochronological 

interest of the genus Hemitragus for the Late 

Pleistocene in Mediterranean Europe. 

2009020475 

最大的化石啮齿动物的不确定性 = The 

uncertainties of the largest fossil rodent. ( 英 

文 ). Blanco R E. Proceedings of the Royal 


275(1646): 1957-1958 

2009020476 

阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省 Arroyo Chasico 

组大地獺亚科一新属 = A new genus for the 

Megatheriinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, 

147

Megatheriidae) from the Arroyo Chasico 

Formation (Upper Miocene) of Buenos Aires 

Province, Argentina. ( 英文 ). Brandoni D; De 

Iuliis G. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. 


53-64 

Three Plesiomegatherium species have 

been described: Pl. hansmeyeri, Pl. 

halmyronomum and Pl. triangulatum. This 

report considers the generic and specific status 

of Pl. halmyronomum. Analysis of the 

morphological features available for study 

indicates that "Pl." halmyronomum and Pl. 

hansmeyeri are not congeneric, and that 

Plesiomegatherium is polyphyletic. As Pl. 

halmyronomum is not assignable to any other 

known genus, it is placed in the new genus 

Anisodontherium. 

2009020477 

关于雕齿兽系统分类的新贡献 = New 

contributions to the Systematic of 

Glyptodontia Ameghino 1889 (Mammalia, 

Xenarthra, Cingulata). ( 其他 ). Fernicola J C. 

Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(3): 553-574 

An exhaustive revision of the systematic of 

the glyptodonts, including different 

classifications and phylogenetic hypothesis 

proprosed since the XIX century is presented 

herein. According to the current classification, 

proposed as preliminary, a cladistic analysis 

based on 84 craniodental characters was 

carried out for the following taxa: 

Glyptodontinae [Glyptodon], Doedicurinae 

[Doedicurus Propalaehoplophorinae 

[Propalaehoplophorus and Eucinepeltus] and 

Hoplophorinae (=Sclerocalyptinae) 

Hoplophorini (=Sclerocalyptini) 

[Neosderocalyptus (=Sclerocalyptus), 

Eosclerocalyptus and Hoplophractus] 

Plohophorini [Stromaphorus, 

Pseudoplohophorus and Plohophorus] 

Panochthini [Panochthus] and Lomaphorini 

[Urotherium]. The results of this analysis 

support the monophyly of the glyptodonts as 

well as a basal dichotomy represented by the 

Propalaehoplophorinae as the sister group of 

the remaining glyptodonts. The relationships 

between the taxa of this group do not support 

the previous monophyletic hypotheses of the 

Hoplophorinae (= Sclerocalyptinae) neither of 

their tribes Hoplophorini (= Sclerocalyptini) 

and Plohophorini. On the contrary, different 

groups not formally proposed until today are 

clearly supported as the derived clades 

(Glyptodon + Doedicurus) and (Panochthus + 

Neosclerocalyptus). These results, together 

with the preliminary character of the current 

classification, allow to propose a new 

classification for the glyptodonts. On the other 

hand, the combination of the phylogenetic and 

the stratigraphic information allows locating 

the first dichotomy of the glyptodonts in 

Colhuehuapian times (c.a. 20 Ma.). The 

second dichotomy, assignable to 

Chasicoan/Huayquerian times (c.a. 10 Ma.), 

allows to recognize a gap in the 

paleontological record of at least 10 Ma. 

Lastly, the inclusion of the genus 

Hoplophractus within Eosclerocalyptus is 

questioned. 

2009020478 

阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚晚渐新世 Notohippidae 

类 Eurygenium latirostris 一最完整的头颅 

化石 = The most complete skull of 

Eurygenium latirostris Ameghino, 1895 

(Mammalia, Notoungulata), a Notohippidae 

from the Deseadan (Late Oligocene) of the 

Patagonia, Argentina. ( 英文 ). Marani H; Dozo 

M T. Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(3): 619-626 

2009020479 

阿根廷拉潘帕省晚中新世 Cerro Azul 组的 

Dasypodidae = Dasypodidae (Xenarthra, 

Cingulata) from the Cerro Azul formation 

(late Miocene) of la Pampa Province, 

Argentina.. ( 其他 ). Urrutia J J; Montalvo C 

I;Scillato-Yane G J. Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(2): 

289-302 

A total of 5,185 fossil remains of 

dasypodids were recovered from 20 outcrops 

of Huayquerian age (late Miocene) of the 

Cerro Azul Formation in La Pampa 

(Argentina). Sixteen taxa were recorded, all 

belonging in the Subfamily Euphractinae: 

Chasicotatus ameghinoi Scillato-Yane, 

Chasicotatus sp., Doellotatus inornatus 

(Rovereto), Doellotatus chapadmalensis 

Bordas, Ringueletia simpsoni (Bordas), 

Chorobates villosissimus (Rovereto), 

Chorobates cf. C. villosissimus, 

Macroeuphractus morenoi (Lydekker), M. 

retusus Ameghino, Macroeuphractus sp., 

Vetelia perforata Scillato-Yane, 

Macrochorobates scalabrinii (Moreno y 

Mercerat), Macrochorobates chapalmalensis 

(Ameghino), Proeuphractus limpidus 

Ameghino, Proeuphractus sp. and Euphractini 

incertae sedis. M. chapalmalensis, P, limpidus 

and Euphractini incertae sedis are first records 

from the Cerro Azul Formation. The range of 

M. chapalmalensis reaches down to the 

Huayquerian. Compositional variation of the 

148

dasypodid fauna among the surveyed outcrops 

are believed to be due mainly to temporal 

differences. The relative position of some of 

the localities was adjusted within a 

biostratigraphic frame previously proposed for 

the Cerro Azul Formation. The dasypodid 

association of the Cerro Azul Formation 

shows similarity with other Miocene and 

Pliocene faunas from central and northwestern 

Argentina. However, those localities 

where associations hinting younger ages show 

faunal compositions increasingly similar to 

those contained in Neogene formations 

exposed along the coast of Buenos Aires 

province. 

2009020480 

巴西晚更新世 Microcavia 及其生物地理和 

古环境意义 = The hystricognath rodent 

Microcavia in the Late Pleistocene of Brazil 

(Rio Grande do Sul, South America) 

(Mammalia: Caviidae). Biogeographic and 

paleoenvironmental implications. ( 英文 ). 

Ubilla M; Oliveira E V; Rinderknecht A; 

Pereira J. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. 


15-22 

The first fossil record of the hystricognath 

genus Microcavia is described. The specimen 

studied here consists of an anterior portion of 

skull, left fragment of mandible and several 

postcranial bones. Before this record, fossil 

remains were restricted to the Pleistocene of 

the Pampean region and Uruguay. Therefore, 

the presence of Microcavia in south-eastern 

Brazil extends the eastern distribution of the 

genus in the late Pleistocene of South America. 

The ecology of living Microcavia species 

suggests the presence of arid to semiarid 

micro-environments for that locality. 

2009020481 

哺乳动物 Dasypodidae 类 Stegotherium 属 

的分类修订 = Taxonomic revision of the 

genus Stegotherium Ameghino, 1887 

(Mammalia, Xenarthra, Dasypodidae).. ( 其他 ). 

Fernicola J C; Vizcaino S F. 

Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(2): 321-332 

A taxonomic revision of the genus 

Stegotherium Ameghino is presented herein. 

The diagnoses of Stegotherium tessellatum 

Ameghino and Stegotherium variegatum 

Ameghino are emended, the validity of 

Stegotherium simplex (Ameghino) is 

tentatively maintained, and two new species 

Stegotherium caroloameghinoi and 

Stegotherium pascuali are erected. Exhaustive 

study of the fossils collected and/or studied by 

the Ameghino brothers has resulted in 

relocation of the type specimens, fossils that 

had been partially or completely misplaced, of 

Stegotherium tessellatum and Stegotherium 

variegatum. 

2009020482 

检验犬科 ( 哺乳纲 , 食肉目 ) 脑形成演化 

假说 = Testing hypotheses of the evolution of 

encephalization in the Canidae (Carnivora, 

Mammalia). ( 英文 ). Finarelli J A. 

Paleobiology, 2008, 34(1): 35-45 

Evolutionary trends observed over large 

clades have the potential to mask underlying 

trends that occur within their constituent 

subclades. A recent study of encephalization 

in the Caniformia (Carnivora, Mammalia) 

found evidence for an abrupt increase in 

median log-encephalization quotients 

(logEQs), indicating higher brain volume 

relative to body mass, at the end-Miocene, but 

gradual increase in the variance of logEQs. In 

this study, new endocranial volume estimates 

for fossil taxa in the well-sampled caniform 

subclade Canidae are reported. Using the 

encephalization data for the Canidae, 

hypotheses of evolution in encephalization 

allometries were tested with respect to canid 

phylogeny. The Akaike Information Criterion 

and likelihood ratios recovered support for a 

preferred hypothesis of the evolution of canid 

encephalization, which proposed two distinct 

allometric relationships: (1) a plesiomorphic 

grade of encephalization in the subfamilies 

Hesperocyoninae and Borophaginae and the 

paraphyletic canine genus Leptocyon, and (2) 

an apomorphic grade in the crown radiation of 

Caninae. This defines a shift in to higher 

encephalization, but without an associated 

change in the variance around the allometry. 

Increased canid encephalization coincides 

with a reorganization of the brain and the 

observed trend may reflect the evolution of 

complex social behavior in this clade. 

2009020483 

Trilophodont Gomphotheres ( 哺乳动物 

纲 , 长鼻目 ) 的分支系统学分析 ( 特别关 

注南美属 ) = A cladistic analysis among 

Trilophodont Gomphotheres (Mammalia, 

Proboscidea) with special attention to the 

South American genera. ( 英文 ). Prado J; 

Alberdi M T. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(4): 

903-915 

149

The trilophodont gomphothere group is a 

monophyletic group of genera separated from 

other proboscideans by one synapomorphy, 

the presence of trefoil-shaped wear patterns on 

the occlusal surfaces of their teeth. These wear 

patterns vary from being just a single trefoil, 

through double trefoils, to more complex 

combinations of trefoils. They are present in 

all of the genera studied here. Our cladistic 

analysis makes use of 12 genera as terminal 

taxa. It was performed using 43 cranial, dental 

and postcranial morphological characters. The 

polarity of characters was based on outgroup 

criteria using the genus Phiomia as the 

outgroup. All characters are considered to be 

unordered (34 are binary and nine are 

multistate). The present analysis leads us to 

reject the hypothesis that considered 

Rhynchotherium as a direct ancestor of South 

American gomphotheres and supports the 

hypothesis that Sinomastodon is the sister 

group of Cuvieronius and Stegomastodon. 

High congruence between the stratigraphical 

record and the phylogenetic hypothesis is 

observed. 

2009020484 

西班牙马德里 Batallones-1 上中新统一新 

Amphicyonine 类 = A new Amphicyonine 

(Carnivora: Amphicyonidae) from the Upper 

Miocene of Batallones-1, Madrid, Spain. ( 英 

文 ). Peigné S; Salesa M J; Antón M; Morales 

J. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(4): 943-965 

The vertebrate community of the late 

Miocene locality of Batallones-1, Madrid 

Province, Spain, is mainly composed of 

mammals of the order Carnivora, which 

represents 98 per cent of the total number of 

macro-mammal fossils. Here, we describe 

craniodental remains of approximately 12 

individuals of a new, highly specialized 

member of the Amphicyonidae, previously 

assigned to Amphicyon sp. cf. A. castellanus. 

A phylogenetic analysis of Amphicyoninae 

shows that this new form, named Magericyon 

anceps gen. et sp. nov., is markedly distinct 

from all other known Amphicyoninae, 

specifically in its hypercarnivorous features 

(strongly compressed upper canines, absence 

of dP1/dp1 and P2/p2, single-rooted p3, 

absence of a metaconid on the lower molars, 

and reduction of M2 relative to M1). 

2009020485 

最古老的兽头类 ( 兽孔目 , 真兽齿类 ) 及 

兽孔目的早期分化 = The oldest 

Therocephalians (Therapsida, Eutheriodontia) 

and the early diversification of Therapsida. 

( 英文 ). Abdala F; Rubidge B S; Heever J. 


The oldest records of mammal-like 

therapsids in Laurasia are from the Ocher 

Complex of Russia and the Xidagou 

Formation of China, whereas in Gondwana 

they are restricted to the Eodicynodon 

Assemblage Zone, Beaufort Group of the 

South African Karoo. This fauna, which is 

relatively depauperate when compared with 

younger assemblage zones from the Karoo, 

shows an amazing diversity of therapsids 

including: dinocephalians (already represented 

by the carnivorous anteosaurids and the 

herbivorous tapinocephalids), anomodonts 

(including dicynodonts), gorgonopsians, and 

therocephalians. The last group is represented 

by two specimens in this assemblage zone. 

This paper presents a full description of these 

therocephalians, which are assigned to the 

scylacosaurid species Glanosuchus macrops 

and Ictidosaurus angusticeps. We also discuss 

diversity trends of therocephalians and explore 

some hypotheses implicated by the diverse 

oldest record of therapsids, represented by five 

of the six major lineages of the group. 

2009020486 

阿根廷早古新世哺乳动物 Sudamericid 的 

补充标本 = Additional specimens of 

Sudamericid (Gondwanatheria) Mammals 

from the early Paleocene of Argentina. ( 英文 ). 

Gurovich Y. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(5): 

1069-1089 

The extinct, Cretaceous – Paleogene 

Gondwanatherians have previously been 

considered to be early xenarthrans, 

multituberculates and more recently 

Mammalia incertae sedis. However, the 

phylogenetic relationships of Gondwanatheria 

have yet to be resolved. In this paper, 

additional dental specimens of the 

gondwanatherian Sudamerica ameghinoi from 

the Early Paleocene Salamanca Formation of 

Argentina are described. These specimens 

provide additional information on 

Gondwanatheria affinities, sudamericid 

morphology and help support earlier 

hypotheses on Sudamerica dental formula and 

tooth categories. Sudamericid dental 

functional morphology and body mass 

estimates, based on measurements of isolated 

teeth, are inferred. Dental morphology such as 

hypsodonty, enamel microstructure and crown 

features do support a robust clade for 

Sudamericidae. 

150

2009020487 

英格兰南部早白垩世巴雷姆期一 

spalacotheriid 类及其相关演化 = A 

Spalacolestine spalacotheriid (Mammalia, 

Trechnotheria) from the early Cretaceous 

(Barremian) of Southern England and its 

bearing on spalacotheriid evolution. ( 英文 ). 

Sweetman S C. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(6): 

1367-1385 

Bulk screening of Early Cretaceous 

(Barremian) Wealden Group strata of the 

Wessex Formation exposed on the south-west 

and south-east coasts of the Isle of Wight, 

southern England, has resulted in the recovery 

of fragmentary remains pertaining to a new 

spalacolestine spalacotheriid mammal, 

Yaverlestes gassoni gen. et sp. nov. These 

represent the first European record of the 

Spalacolestinae. The remains comprise a 

dentulous incomplete dentary and isolated 

upper and lower molariforms, the former 

representing the most substantial mammal 

remains yet recovered from the Wealden 

Group. Hitherto, six species of spalacotheriid 

mammal were known from the Lower 

Cretaceous of Europe. All are referred to the 

genus Spalacotherium but in the case of taxa 

diagnosed on the basis of isolated lower teeth 

and other specimens where the post-canine 

dentition is incompletely known, it is now 

evident that these referrals should be treated 

with caution. Furthermore, the new Wessex 

Formation spalacotheriid and recently 

described spalacotheriids from the Barremian 

of Japan, and the Barremian and Aptian of 

China exhibit combinations of characters that 

suggest that spalacotheriids were more diverse 

and that their evolution was more complex 

than previously recognized. The systematic 

position of an isolated tooth from the basal 

Cretaceous Lourinhã Formation of Portugal is 

discussed and the tooth reassigned to the 

Spalacotheriidae. Together with the new 

Wessex Formation taxon, eight species are 

now known from the Lower Cretaceous of 

Europe. The discovery of a spalacolestine in 

the Barremian Wessex Formation supports the 

concept of faunal interchange between Europe, 

Asia and North America during the Early 

Cretaceous. It also supports derivation of 

North American spalacotheriids from a 

European or Eurasian ancestor. 

2009020488 

缅甸上新世 -- 更新世双角犀属 ( 犀牛科 ) 一 

新种 = A new species of Dicerorhinus 

(Rhinocerotidae) from the Plio-Pleistocene of 

Myanmar. ( 英文 ). Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein; 

Takai M; Tsubamoto T; Thaung-Htike; Egi N; 

Maung-Maung. Palaeontology, 2008, 51(6): 

1419-1433 

A skull and mandible of the new species 

Dicerorhinus gwebinensis sp. nov. of 

Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) is 

described. The material is collected from the 

upper part of the Irrawaddy sediments (Plio- 

Pleistocene) in central Myanmar. 

D. gwebinensis sp. nov. is morphologically 

more similar to the extant species 

D. sumatrensis (Sumatran rhinoceros) than to 

other species of the genus but differs from 

D. sumatrensis in having the comparatively 

shorter nasal, the more concave dorsal profile 

of the skull, the more elevated occiput and 

presence of molar crista in M3/. This is the 

first discovery of Dicerorhinus in the upper 

Miocene to lower Pleistocene of the Indian 

subcontinent and Mainland Southeast Asia, 

and fills the chronological and geographical 

gap of this lineage in Asia. The Dicerorhinus 

clade probably migrated into Southeast Asia 

from East Asia by the Pliocene or early 

Pleistocene. This hypothesis is supported by 

the scarcity or absence of this clade in the 

Neogene mammalian fauna of the Indian 

Subcontinent. 

2009020489 

欧洲伊比利亚半岛欧特里夫阶 / 巴雷姆阶过 

渡阶段新的多瘤齿兽类 = New 

multituberculate mammals from the 

Hauterivian/Barremian transition of Europe 

(Iberian Peninsula). ( 英文 ). Badiola A; 

Canudo J I; Cuenca-Besc ó s G. 


New multituberculate mammals from the 

Hauterivian/Barremian transition of Europe 

are described. They were found in the late 

Hauterivian-early Barremian fossiliferous 

locality of La Cantalera (Josa, Teruel, Spain), 

one of the Early Cretaceous sites in the 

Aragonese branch of the Iberian Ranges, in 

northeastern Iberia. The fossils have been 

assigned to at least three taxa on the basis of 

nine isolated teeth: a new pinheirodontid 

taxon, Cantalera abadi gen. et sp. nov.; a 

representative of the eobaatarid Eobaatar; a 

taxon described as Plagiaulacidae or 

Eobaataridae gen. et sp. indet.; and other as 

Plagiaulacida indet. These fossils have 

increased the resolution of European Early 

Cretaceous multituberculate mammalian 

biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeography: the 

151

oldest representative of Eobaatar is described 

here; a taxon is assigned to Plagiaulacidae, in 

which case it would be the first of this family 

in the Iberian Peninsula; and the discovery of 

a new late Hauterivian pinheirodontid taxon 

demonstrates greater biodiversity and a wider 

distribution for these multituberculates than 

was previously known. The mutituberculate 

fauna of La Cantalera consists of endemic taxa 

(Pinheirodontidae), which were restricted to 

what is now Western Europe, and others 

(Eobaataridae) which have also been 

described in Asia. Consistent with the Iberian 

record of late Barremian gobiconodontid 

mammals, the presence of Eobaatar in Iberia 

with representatives from the late Hauterivian 

to late Barremian, as well as in the Aptian or 

Albian of Mongolia, indicates that faunal 

exchanges between Europe and Asia could 

have existed for most of the Early Cretaceous, 

either sporadically or constantly. 

2009020490 

最早的南美古新世哺乳动物群生物年代学 

关系 = Biochronological relationships of the 

earliest South American Paleogene 

mammalian faunas. ( 英文 ). Gelfo J N; Goin F 

J; Woodburne M O; De Muizon C. 


The oldest Cenozoic mammalian 

assemblages in South America have been 

recovered from levels of the Hansen Member 

of the Salamanca Formation, Punta Peligro 

locality in Argentina, and from the Santa Lucí 

a Formation in Tiupampa, Bolivia. These 

faunas led to the recognition of the Peligran 

and Tiupampan South American Land 

Mammal Ages (SALMAs), each alternatively 

regarded as the oldest Paleocene SALMA. 

Due to the lack of radioisotopic dates for 

mammals bearing levels at these localities, no 

agreement has been reached yet about their 

relative ages. In this paper, the role of 

mammal faunas in age inference is discussed. 

Analysis of the SALMAs shows that the 

presence of non-therian mammals in the 

Peligran is of little consequence to the 

biochronological evaluation, reflecting instead 

a relict Mesozoic distribution. In contrast, 

therian mammals are particularly important in 

that (1) they were Lauraisan immigrants and 

(2) they support direct comparisons between 

the Tiupampa and Punta Peligro faunas. 

Parsimony and cluster analysis were used to 

quantitatively test hypotheses concerning the 

relative age of the Peligran and Tiupampan 

SALMAs. Our results support the hypothesis 

that the Tiupampan SALMA (early Danian) is 

older than the Peligran SALMA (early 

Selandian). This alignment results in an 

interpretation of the evolutionary history of 

South American land mammals that is more 

straightforward than the alternative. 

2009020491 

应用于比较臼齿形态学的拓扑图 —— 以鼠 

科动物和仓鼠 ( 啮齿目 , 鼠总科 ) 的牙齿 

构型为例 = Topographic maps applied to 

comparative molar morphology: the case of 

murine and cricetine dental plans (Rodentia, 

Muroidea). ( 英文 ). Lazzari V; Tafforeau P; 

Aguilar J.-P; Michaux J. Paleobiology, 2008, 

34(1): 46-64 

We developed a new method to generate 

topographic maps of tooth crowns from X-ray 

synchrotron microtomographic data. Maps are 

drawn after cervix-plane orientation of tooth 

image stacks, without the need for a 

geographic information system. Classical 

topographic maps with contour lines are 

complemented by slope maps and angularity 

maps. Cartography allows precise 

comparisons of cusps morphologies, and 

quantification of the directions of cusp axis 

elongation and slope. Application of this 

method to muroid rodents with cricetine and 

murine dental patterns reveals clear-cut 

differences in cusps morphology that are 

indicative of the direction of the chewing 

movement, in agreement with wear facet 

analyses. Rodents with a murine dental pattern 

were derived from ancestors with a cricetine 

pattern, and their origin is associated with 

important changes in cusp morphology and 

organization. In order to understand such 

evolutionary change, our investigation is 

applied to a sample of extant and fossil muroid 

rodents that are characterized by either a 

murine dental plan or a cricetine one, or a 

dental pattern intermediate between those of 

cricetines and murines. 

2009020492 

印度尼西亚摩鹿加哈尔马赫拉全新世袋鼠 

化石和其它哺乳动物 = Fossil marsupials 

(Macropodidae, Peroryctidae) and other 

mammals of Holocene age from Halmahera, 

North Moluccas, Indonesia. ( 英文 ). Flannery 

T; Bellwood P; White P; Moore A. 

Alcheringa, 1995, 19(1): 17 - 25 

Faunal remains from Gua (cave) Siti 

Nafisah, central Halmahera, reveal that until at 

least 1,870 ybp, Halmahera supported a non- 

152

volant mammal fauna which was 

predominantly of New Guinean origin. It 

consisted of at least three marsupial species; a 

wallaby of the genus Dorcopsis, a bandicoot 

(family Peroryctidae, genus indet.), and the 

Halmahera Group endemic cuscus Phalanger 

ornatus. Rattus morotaiensis, which is also 

endemic to the Halmahera Group, was also 

probably present. The wallaby and bandicoot 

(both terrestrial species) are now extinct, 

while the arboreal cuscus and rat survive. 

Faunal remains from the Uattamdi site, on the 

small island of Kayoa, do not include the 

remains of bandicoots or wallabies. The 

Dorcopsis wallaby survived until around 

1,870 years ago. It is possible that the 

bandicoot vanished slightly earlier. Sometime 

between around 3,410 and 1,870 ybp both pigs 

and dogs were successfully introduced. Today 

soricids, viverrids, cervids and several murid 

species, all of Asiatic origin, have established 

feral populations on Halmahera. The Sugar 

Glider (Petaurus breviceps), a marsupial 

which is resident on Halmahera today, is 

absent from the archaeological sequence, and 

it may be an introduction from New Guinea. 

2009020493 

澳大利亚坎加鲁中新世袋鼠烃 

Hadronomas puckridgi 的颅后骨骼 = The 

postcranial skeleton of the Miocene kangaroo, 

Hadronomas puckridgi Woodburne 

(Marsupialia, Macropodidae). ( 英文 ). Murray 

P F. Alcheringa, 1995, 19(2): 119 - 170 

Hadronomas was a large kangaroo similar 

in size to Simosthenurus occidentalis. Its pes 

was relatively long and robust, resembling 

those of the sthenurines Procoptodon and 

Sthenurus in possessing ligamentous 

specialisations of the fourth proximal phalanx, 

anteroposterior compression of fourth 

proximal and median phalanges, broad, blunt 

'hoof-like' terminal fourth phalanx, a shallow 

calcaneocuboidal 'step', anteroposterior as 

opposed to mediolateral differentiation of the 

ankle joint, high, rounded profile of the 

astragalar trochleae and a reduced, medially 

situated proximal ventromedial facet of the 

cuboid. The upper and lower limb girdles 

resemble those of sthenurines in that the 

coracovertebral angle of the scapula is 

elevated and produced anteriorly in the form 

of a rectangular process. The innominate is 

anteroposteriorly broad and the ischium is 

flattened in cross section. The tibia possesses 

a sinuous shaft and an elongated, smoothly 

convex tibial crest that tapers gradually into 

the diaphysis. Hadronomas's postcranial 

skeleton differs from other sthenurines in 

retaining a large functional fifth digit and in 

showing no proximodistal compression of the 

cuboid. A character analysis of the postcranial 

skeleton of Hadronomas indicates that the 

genus represents a primitive member of the 

Sthenurinae, and that the Sthenurinae and the 

Macropodinae diverged at an early stage in 

macropodid evolution. 

2009020494 

Neuryurus 属的最早纪录 = The earliest 

record of Neuryurus Ameghino (Mammalia, 

Glyptodontidae, Hoplophorinae). ( 英文 ). 

Zurita A E; Soibelzon E; Scillato-Yan G J; 

Cenizo M. Alcheringa, 2009, 33(1): 49 - 57 

Among the Pleistocene Cingulata 

(Glyptodontidae), Neuryurus Ameghino is 

poorly documented; the only wellcharacterized 

species being N. rudis (Gervais), 

limited to the Ensenadan Age/Stage (earlymiddle 

Pleistocene) of the Pampean region in 

Argentina. The genus is characterized by 

dorsal carapace osteoderms with uniformly 

punctate exposed surfaces giving them a 

rugose, almost spongy aspect; sutures between 

the osteoderms are loose. Outside Argentina, 

Neuryurus has been recorded in western 

Uruguay and southern Brazil. Until now, its 

temporal range was restricted to the 

Ensenadan-Lujanian (early Pleistocene-early 

Holocene). In this context, we present the 

earliest record of the genus from the San 

Andr s Formation (Sanandresian Substage; 

late Pliocene), consisting of dorsal carapace 

osteoderms and caudal rings and sheath. Most 

of the associated fauna indicates a dry climate 

and the assemblage probably characterizes a 

cold arid event detected at around 2.5 Ma. 

2009020495 

哺乳类 Neuryurus 属最早的纪录 = The 

earliest record of Neuryurus Ameghino 

(Mammalia, Glyptodontidae, Hoplophorinae). 

( 英文 ). Zurita A E; Soibelzon E; Scillato-Yan 

G J; Cenizo M. Alcheringa, 2009, 33(1): 49 - 

57 

Among the Pleistocene Cingulata 

(Glyptodontidae), Neuryurus Ameghino is 

poorly documented; the only wellcharacterized 

species being N. rudis (Gervais), 

limited to the Ensenadan Age/Stage (earlymiddle 

Pleistocene) of the Pampean region in 

Argentina. The genus is characterized by 

dorsal carapace osteoderms with uniformly 

punctate exposed surfaces giving them a 

153

ugose, almost spongy aspect; sutures between 

the osteoderms are loose. Outside Argentina, 

Neuryurus has been recorded in western 

Uruguay and southern Brazil. Until now, its 

temporal range was restricted to the 

Ensenadan-Lujanian (early Pleistocene-early 

Holocene). In this context, we present the 

earliest record of the genus from the San 

Andr s Formation (Sanandresian Substage; 

late Pliocene), consisting of dorsal carapace 

osteoderms and caudal rings and sheath. Most 

of the associated fauna indicates a dry climate 

and the assemblage probably characterizes a 

cold arid event detected at around 2.5 Ma. 

2009020496 

黑山 Pljevlja 附近 Trlica 地区早更新世啮 

齿类 = Early Pleistocene rodents (Rodentia, 

Mammalia) from Trlica near Pljevlja 

(Montenegro). ( 英文 ). Bogicevic K; Nenadic 

D. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. 


325-333 

We present in this paper the description and 

the analysis of five species of rodents found 

on this locality (Dinaromys dalmatinus, 

Altophatomys cf. pliocaenicus, Mimomys ex gr. 

reidi-pusillus, Glis sackdilligensis, Hystrix cf. 

refossa). The composition of rodent fauna 

allows us to determine the age of this locality 

more precisely, and according to it an Early 

Pleistocene age (Mimomys savini-pusillus 

zone) has been proposed. 

2009020497 

澳大利亚和新几内亚进入有袋类生物年代 

学的方法 = Approaches to marsupial 

biochronology in Australia and New Guinea. 

( 英文 ). Megirian D. Alcheringa, 1994, 18(3): 

259 - 274 

Mammal (marsupial) palaeontology is 

useful for the correlation of non-marine strata 

of Australia and New Guinea. The 

geochronological framework constructed from 

marsupial data is based substantially in stageof-evolution 

biochronology, which is not 

subject to the formal guidance of a code, or 

regulation by an authority. Instead, it has 

evolved through an informal consensus of 

usage. Principles and practices of stage-ofevolution 

biochronology and its historical 

development are reviewed from an Australian 

perspective. Amongst more recent 

developments in the discipline are the 

establishment of the first marsupial 

biostratigraphy for the continent, covering the 

Etadunna Formation of the Lake Eyre Basin 

(Woodburne et al., 1993), and the introduction 

of novel terminology to express marsupial 

succession in the Carl Creek Limestone of 

northwestern Queensland (Archer et al., 1989). 

The merits of the various approaches to 

biochronology are examined: stage-ofevolution 

biochronology has provided, and 

will continue to contribute to, a correlation 

framework for a continent with a sparse 

mammal record not generally amenable to 

biostratigraphic resolution. Terminology 

proposed by Archer et al. (1989) is shown to 

be unsatisfactory. 

2009020498 

阿根廷圣克鲁斯省中新世异关节类 

Stegotherium 属一新种 = a new species of 

Stegotherium Ameghino (Xenarthra, 

Dasypodidae, Stegotheriini) from the Miocene 

Of Santa Cruz Province (Argentina).. ( 其他 ). 

Gonzalez L R; Scillato-Yante G J. 

Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(4): 641-648 

A new species of Stegotheriini (Xenarthra, 

Dasypodidae), Stegotherium tauberi is 

described here based on materials previously 

attributed to Stegotherium tessellatum 

Ameghino, as well as additional specimens 

discovered recently. All the specimens came 

from outcrops of the Santa Cruz Formation 

(Santacrucian Age, late early Miocene) 

located between the estuaries of the rivers 

Coyle and Gallegos (Santa Cruz Province, 

Argentina). The materials reassigned here 

represent the most complete for the tribe 

Stegotheriini. Moreover, Stegotherium tauberi 

is the southernmost Stegotheriini discovered 

up to now. 

2009020499 

利用沉积岩相学修订 Ethegotherium 

carettei 的地层陆源区 = Revision of the 

stratigraphic provenance of Ethegotherium 

carettei (Notoungulata, Hegetotheriidae) by 

sedimentary petrograhy. ( 英文 ). Lopez G; 

Manassero M. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. 


1-9 

Ethegotherium carettei was considered among 

the species with derived characteristics from 

Dividadero Largo Formation: seven thin rock 

sections were taken for petrographical analysis 

to test the hypothesis that it could come from 

more modern stratigraphic levels. This 

analysis indicates that E. carettei proceeds 

from Marino Formation and not from 

Divisadero Largo Formation, as it has been 

stated since the erection of this species. 

154

2009020500 

巴尔干地区晚中新世 Propotamochoerus 的 

新标本 = New specimens of 

Propotamochoerus (Suidae, Mammalia). ( 英 

文 ). Geraads D; Spassov N; Garevski R. 


/ Abhandlungen, 2008, 248(1): 103-113 

We describe new remains of the small 

Suidae Propotamochoerus from the late 

Miocene of Macedonia and Bulgaria, which 

greatly increase the European sample. They 

are clearly distinct from both the Vallesian P. 

palaeochoerus and the Pliocene P. 

provincialis, but cannot be satisfactorily 

referred to the Asian species P. hysudricus or 

P. hyotherioides. It is likely that these Balkan 

specimens belong to a species of their own, 

probably distinct from the P. palaeochoerus - 

P. provincialis lineage. 

2009020501 

伊比利亚半岛更新世 Beremendia fissidens 

的首次记录兼评该种的生物地层 , 生物地 

理和古生态 = First record of Beremendia 

fissidens (Mammalia, Soricidae) in the 

Pleistocene of the Iberian Peninsula, with a 

review of the biostratigraphy, biogeography 

and palaeoecology of the species. ( 英文 ). 

Rofes J; Cuenca-Bescósa G. Comptes Rendus 

Palevol, 2009, 8(1): 21-37 

This paper reports the first paleontological 

record of Beremendia fissidens (Mammalia, 

Soricidae) in the Iberian Peninsula during the 

second third of the Early Pleistocene. The 

species is exclusively present at the lowermost 

levels (Lower Red Unit: TE8 – 14) of the 

Sima del Elefante site, one of the largest 

stratigraphic sections of the Atapuerca cave 

complex (Burgos, Spain). The age of Sima del 

Elefante shows that this large-sized type of 

red-toothed venomous shrew inhabited the 

Sierra de Atapuerca more than 1.1 Myr ago, 

coexisting with an extremely rich and diverse 

faunal association of nearly 40 small and large 

mammalian species, including hominines. The 

presence of this species in the Atapuerca 

locality has important palaeoecological, 

palaeobiogeographical and biostratigraphic 

implications, which are extensively discussed 

here, throwing light on aspects largely left 

aside for this important group of red-toothed 

shrews, previously relegated to nothing but 

mere faunal lists, at least in the Iberian 

Peninsular context. 

2009020502 

西班牙南部格拉纳达盆地中 - 上新世界限层 

Muridae 科及其生物地层和系统发育意义 

= Muridae (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the 

Mio-Pliocene boundary in the Granada Basin 

(southern Spain). Biostratigraphic and 

phylogenetic implications.. ( 英文 ). Garcia- 

Alix A; Minwer-Barakat R; Suarez E M; 

Freudenthal M. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie 


248(2): 183-215 

The record of Mio-Pliocene continental 

sediments is very complete in the Granada 

Basin, and many fossiliferous localities have 

yielded material of Rodentia, Lipotyphla and 

Lagomorpha. The most diversified and 

numerous are rodents, more specifically the 

family Muridae. Seventeen murid species, 

beloging to eight genera, have been identified. 

New data on these genera have been used to 

propose and corroborate some phylogenetic 

hypotheses. The studied localities range in age 

from middle Turolian to early Ruscinian, and 

the variation of the relative abundance of the 

faunas through time show a faunistic 

replacement between the midlle-late Turolian 

transition and the late Turolian-early 

Ruscinian. 

2009020503 

肯尼亚 Fort Ternan 地区中中新世一新的 

小型食肉动物 = A new small carnivoran 

from the Middle Miocene of Fort Ternan, 

Kenya. ( 英文 ). Dehghani R; Werdelin L. 


/ Abhandlungen, 2008, 248(2): 233-244 

The complete cranium and upper dentition 

of a new genus and species of small feliform 

carnivoran is described. The external features 

of the auditory bulla and basicranium show 

that it is likely to be a member of the 

Viverridae, the oldest to be described from an 

intact skull in Africa. The new taxon difers 

from the previously described African small 

feliformians. It is most similar to Herpestides 

aequatorialis, but differs in details of the 

structure of P4. Ecologically the new form 

probably filled a niche similar to that of 

modern-day genets. 

2009020504 

德国 Offenbach 地区 Cyrena 层的哺乳动物 : 

生物地层对比 = Mammals from the Cyrena 

Beds of Offenbach (Hesse)- Biostratigraphic 

correlation. ( 英文 ). Ziegler R; Storch G. 

155


/ Abhandlungen, 2008, 248(3): 267-278 

A faunule of 30 isolated teeth jaw 

fragments from the Cyrena Marls of 

Offenbach in the Hanau Basin is presented. 

Though it consists of relatively few specimens, 

the faunule is astoundingly diverse, and 

includes didelphids, soricids, talpids, 

allomyids, sciurids, castorids, cricetids, and 

one tooth of a viverrid. The composition of the 

faunule unambiguously indicatesa post- 

Grande Coupure correlation. This suggests a 

biostratigraphic correlation to the Early/Late 

Oligocene transition (MP 23-25) for the 

Offenbach locality. 

2009020505 

哺乳动物长鼻目的起源和演化 = Origin and 

evolution of proboscideans. ( 法文 ). 

Gheerbrant E; Tassy P. Comptes Rendus 

Palevol, 2009, 8(2-3): 281-294 

Recent palaeontological research has 

significantly enhanced our knowledge of the 

evolution of proboscideans, especially the 

beginning of their evolutionary history. New 

discoveries in the Early Eocene support, in 

particular, a lophodont ancestral morphotype 

for the Proboscidea and the African origin of 

the order, from which the Asiatic 

Anthracobunidae are excluded. The primitive 

Eocene proboscideans remain, however, 

poorly known. Other important discoveries 

have been made on the question of the origin 

of the moeritheres, of the deinotheres and 

elephantimorphs, and on the differentiation of 

elephantids. Palaeontology demonstrates in 

the Proboscidea a remarkably rich history, 

unsuspected from the extant relictual diversity, 

and one of the most spectacular morphological 

evolutions in the Mammalia 

2009020506 

鲸类的起源和进化史 = Origin and 

evolutionary history of cetaceans. ( 法文 ). de 

Muizon C. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2009, 

8(2-3): 295-309 

Cetaceans are the most highly modified 

mammals. They originate among terrestrial 

ariodactyles during the Early Eocene. The 

oldest known cetacean is Pakicetus, a 

terrestrial and cursorial taxon of the Early 

Eocene (50 Ma), which entered the water in 

search for food or, possibly, to protect its skin 

from the sun. A few million years later, 

Ambulocetus is an amphibious cetacean 

capable of moving on land but also an agile 

swimmer using its hind limbs for propulsion. 

Ambulocetus was a formidable predator with 

powerful teeth. The nares of Pakicetus and 

Ambulocetus were anteriorly placed, at the 

apex of the snout. During the Late Eocene, 

there appeared the first strictly aquatic 

cetaceans, the Basilosauridae. Their hind 

limbs are totally atrophied and are not 

functional. The nares are on the dorsal face of 

the rostrum on the anterior third of the skull. 

From that time, the way toward modern 

cetaceans was opened; the oldest mysticetes 

are from the Latest Eocene and the oldest 

odontocetes from the Early Oligocene. 

2009020507 

西班牙阿拉贡阶啮齿类一新种 Eomyops 

noeliae = Eomyops noeliae sp. nov., a new 

Eomyidae (Mammalia, Rodentia) from the 

Aragonian of Spain. ( 英文 ). Ruiz-Sánchez F J; 

Calatayud B L; Freudenthal M. Comptes 


A new species of Eomyops, Eomyops 

noeliae, is described. from the locality MT- 

20A (Morteral section, Magro basin, eastern 

Spain). It is intermediate in size between the 

large eomiid, E. hebeiseni, and the small 

species of the group E. catalaunicus, 

E. bodvanus and E. oppligeri. The age range is 

Lower Aragonian. MT-20A is located 

between deposits that contain Megacricetodon 

primitivus and M. collongensis. 

Morphologically, E. noeliae sp. nov. is clearly 

different from the rest of species of the genus, 

due to an important reduction of the lingual 

anteroloph of M 1,2,3 and the labial 

anterolophid of M 3 . The lower incisor shows 

two parallel ridges along the enamel like the 

type species of the genus, E. catalaunicus. 

This character is basic for the distinction 

between Eomyops and the North American 

genus Leptodontomys. 

2009020508 

匈牙利北部 Felsotarkany-Felnemet 地区一 

新种 Cricetodon klariankae = Cricetodon 

klariankae n. sp. (Cricetodontini, Rodentia) 

from Felsotarkany-Felnemet (Northern 

Hungary). ( 英文 ). Hir J. Fragmenta 

Palaeontologica Hungarica, 2007, 24-25(): 

15-24 

A new Cricetodon species was found in the 

locality Felsotarkany-Felnemet. The teeth of 

the species are high crowned but different 

from those of the genera Hispanomys and 

Byzantinia. 

156

古人类学 

古人类学 

2009020509 

希腊克里特岛 Malia Minoan 皇宫一些黑曜 

岩的起源研究 = Provenance study of some 

obsidians from the Malia Minoan Palace 

(Crete). ( 法文 ). Bellot-Gurlet L; Pelon O; Séf 

ériadès M L. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2008, 

7(7): 419-427 

Excavation of Malia Palace (Crete) had 

delivered a large collection of obsidian 

artefacts from Ancient Minoan II to Middle 

Minoan II levels. Among these artefacts, some 

present visual macroscopic characteristics 

distinct from Aegean raw materials from 

Melos and Gyali islands. To determine the 

provenance of these obsidians, non-destructive 

analysis by particle induced X-ray emission 

(PIXE) were realised from a sampling of 31 

artefacts. As suspected, the sources recognised 

are mainly Aegean, with the larger part (25 

artefacts) identifiable to Melos sources (Sta 

Nychia: 21; Demenegaki: 4) and one piece to 

the Gyali island. The originality lies in the 

identification at Malia for the Ancient Minoan 

II levels of five artefacts attributed to 

Cappadocian sources, with four pieces coming 

from the Göllü Dağ volcanic complex and for 

the first time in the Aegean area, of one 

obsidian artefact ascribed to the Nenezi Dağ 

volcano. 

2009020510 

埃塞俄比亚下奥默峡谷上新世 - 更新世新的 

古人类研究 = New palaeoanthropological 

research in the Plio-Pleistocene Omo Group, 

Lower Omo Valley, SNNPR (Southern 

Nations, Nationalities and People Regions), 

Ethiopia. ( 英文 ). Boisseriea J R; Guy F; 

Delagnes A et al. Comptes Rendus 

Palevol, 2008, 7(7): 429-439 

Through previous works in the early 1930s 

by C. Arambourg and in the 1960–1970s by 

the International Omo Research Expedition 

(IORE) initiated by F. C. Howell, the Omo 

Group deposits of the Lower Omo Valley 

provided decisive data on Plio-Pleistocene 

environmental change and hominid evolution 

in eastern Africa. Y. Coppens directed the 

IORE French component with Arambourg, 

then alone from 1970 to 1976. After 30-year 

hiatus, the Omo Group Research Expedition 

reinitiated field work on Shungura Formation 

deposits aged between 3 Ma and 2 Ma. In 

2006 and 2007, renewed methods led to the 

collection of more than 600 vertebrate 

specimens with a particularly precise record of 

contextual data. These specimens include 

significant hominid remains dated to 2.5 Ma 

and slightly older. Changes in faunal 

distributions were also recorded. Additionally, 

the Shungura Formation archaeological record 

is reconsidered. These first results are 

indicative of future advances in the study of 

biodiversity evolution and its relationship with 

global and regional environmental changes. 

2009020511 

尼日尔晚中新世人科化石 = Late Miocene 

hominoid from Niger. ( 英文 ). Pickford M; 

Coppens Y; Senut B; Morales J; Braga J. 


African Late Miocene hominoids are rare, 

having been reported from six localities in 

Kenya, Ethiopia and Chad ranging in age from 

10.5 to 5.5 Ma. We here report the occurrence 

of a hominoid in Niger associated with a 

vertebrate fauna which indicates an age of 

between 11–5 Ma. The Niger fossil locality 

is 940 km north of the nearest known extant 

hominoids, 1000 km west of the nearest 

recorded fossil hominoid from Chad 

历史地质学、地层学 

综论 

2009020512 

地中海地区对旋回地层学和天文年代学的 

贡献 = Mediterranean contributions to 

cyclostratigraphy and astrochronology. ( 英文 ). 

Fischer A G; Hilgen F J; Garrison R E. 

Sedimentology, 2009, 56(1): 63 - 94 

In 1895, G.K. Gilbert suggested that 

rhythmical repetition of patterns in the 

sequences of strata correspond to orbital 

variations and could provide a chronology for 

Earth history. This suggestion remained a 

heuristic hypothesis in need of testing; in this, 

the Mediterranean region latterly played a 

crucial role. Its extended sequences of pelagic 

and lacustrine – paludal strata provide long 

time series of hierarchical rhythmic variations 

tied directly to biostratigraphy and to 

magnetic reversals. The latter provide 

historical control and links to astronomically 

calculated curves that have been extended 

progressively into the past. These comparisons 

verify the orbital origins of the major 

sedimentary rhythms and are serving to reduce 

the age uncertainties of the significant time 

stratigraphic levels (biostratigraphic and 

magnetostratigraphic zones) from an order of 

157

ca 500 kyr toward the precessional (20 kyr) 

level. This refinement has essentially been 

reached for the last 14 Myr of Earth history in 

the Mediterranean, and beyond in the Pacific 

Ocean. The cyclic structure of shallow-water 

platform carbonates is also hierarchical but 

here the identification with specific orbital 

cycles has been equivocal and complicated by 

conflicts with radiometric data. In the gapriddled 

shallow-water successions showing 

hierarchical 'sequences', the identification of 

some third-order, fourth-order and fifth-order 

'sequences' or 'parasequences' with orbital 

forcing is being explored but remains 

inferential. Beyond chronology, the orbital 

variations constitute an endless series of 

experiments: similar variations in insolation, 

which resulted in sedimentary patterns formed 

by a chain of responses extending through 

atmospheric and hydrospheric dynamics to 

geological processes and the dynamics of the 

biotic systems. The emerging patterns offer 

glimpses into the past, to reveal previously 

unexpected phenomena such as systematic 

oscillations in deep-water aeration and 

unexpected oscillations in composition of 

upper-water plankton: patterns that pose new 

challenges to the understanding of Earth 

history. 

2009020513 

前巴伐利亚森林山基底中以石英充填的延 

伸脉 = Quarz-filled extensional veins in the 

basement of Vorderer Bayerischer Wald. ( 德 

文 ). Hann H P; Rohrmuller J; Siebel W. Neues 


Abhandlungen, 2007, 244(2): 197-205 

Fault plane analysis enabled us to relate 

the formation of quartz veins to distinct 

tectonicprocesses. The orientation of the 

quartz veins is about 45 ° to the shear 

direction of a strike-slip fault system formed 

in the ductile to brittle field. Such an angle is 

typical between extensional fractures and 

strike-slip faults. Resulting veins were filled 

with silica precipitated from epithermal 

solutions. The lensoid quartz veins in the 

Bavarian Forest west of Stallwang are, like the 

Pfahl quartz lode, of tectonic origin. 

古地理学、古气候学 

2009020514 

洛川黄土剖面古土壤 S4 及邻近黄土层分子 

化石和古植被记录 = Molecular fossil and 

paleovegetation records of paleosol S4 and 

adjacent loess layers in the Luochuan loess 

section, NW China. ( 英文 ). Zhang Hucai; 

Yang Mingsheng; Zhang Wenxiang; Lei 

Guoliang; Chang Fengqin; Pu Yang; Fan 

Hongfang. Science in China Series D: Earth 

Sciences, 2008, 51(3): 321-330 

Using gas chromatography-mass 

spectrometry (GC-MS) technique, a series of 

biomarkers were identified, including n- 

alkanes, n-alkane-2-ones, isoprenoid etc. from 

the loess-paleosol samples collected from the 

S4 and adjacent L5, L4 of the Luochuan loess 

section, Northwestern China. Based on these 

data, especially n-alkanes and high-resolution 

magnetic susceptibility and grain size data, the 

paleoenvironment and paleovegetation history 

during S4 was reconstructed. The CPI (Carbon 

Predominance Index) and correlation between 

n-alkanes and magnetic susceptibility and 

grain size data demonstrated that the 

molecular fossils in paleosol and loess layers 

can reflect the vegetation condition during the 

loess-paleosol formation, if the allochthonous 

organic inputs could be excluded reasonably. 

The ACL (average chain length) index is 

correlated well with paleomagnetic 

susceptibility and grain size variations, 

displaying their good synchrony with warm 

and humid climate. However, it relatively 

lagged behind the paleomagnetic 

susceptibility and the grain size variations 

when the climate began to deteriorate. During 

the formation period of paleosol, the n-alkanes 

was dominated by C31 homologue, indicating 

that the primary organic input originated from 

herbs. Our study also demonstrated that the 

herbs were more flourish than wood plants in 

Loess Plateau, especially in the Luochuan area 

during the warm and humid phase, and there 

was no typical forest vegetation developed in 

the studied period. 

2009020515 

根据牙形类确定三迭纪海的古地理区域性 

= Paleogeographic regionalization of Triassic 

seas based on conodontophorids. ( 英文 ). Klets 

T V. Stratigraphy and Geological 

Correlation, 2008, 16(5): 467-489 

Geographic differentiation of 

conodontophorids between northern and 

southern latitudes commenced in the Triassic 

since the early Induan. Cosmopolitan longlived 

genera of predominantly smooth 

morphotypes without sculpturing were 

characteristic of high-latitude basins of the 

Panboreal Superrealm. Since the early 

Olenekian until the Carnian inclusive, this 

superrealm consisted of the Siberian Realm 

158

that extended over Northeast Asia and the 

Canada-Svalbard Realm that included the 

Svalbard Archipelago and northern regions of 

Canada. Throughout the Triassic period, 

conodontophorids characteristic of the Tethys- 

Panthalassa Superrealm spanning the Tethys 

and low-latitude zones of the Pacific were 

highly endemic, very diverse in taxonomic 

aspect, having well-developed sculpturing and 

tempos of morphological transformations. 

Distinctions between the Early-Middle 

Triassic conodontophorids from northern and 

southern zones were not as great as afterward, 

and their impoverished assemblages from 

southern Tethyan basins were close in some 

respects to the Boreal ones. Their habitat 

basins of that time can be grouped into the 

Mediterranean-Pacific and India-Pakistan 

realms. Hence, the extent of geographic 

differentiation of conodontophorids was not 

constant and gradually grew, as their 

taxonomic diversity was reducing in northern 

basins but relatively increasing in southern 

ones. The Panboreal e Tethys-Panthalassa 

superrealms of conodontophorids, which are 

most clearly recognizable, are close to firstrank 

paleobiochores (superrealms) established 

earlier for ammonoids and bivalve mollusks. 

Main factor that controlled geographic 

differentiation of Triassic conodontophorids 

was climatic zoning. Initially lower diversity 

of southern Tethyan assemblages points 

probably to relatively cooler water regime in 

the peri-Gondwanan part of the Tethys. The 

established patterns in geographic distribution 

of conodontophorids characterize most likely 

the real trend of their differentiation and 

evolution, i.e., the distribution area contraction 

prior to complete extinction at the end of the 

Triassic 

前古生界 

2009020516 

国际地层表的西伯利亚的 Yudomian、文 

德系和埃迪卡拉系 = The Yudomian of 

Siberia, Vendian and Ediacaran systems of the 

International stratigraphic scale. ( 英文 ). 

Khomentovsky V V. Stratigraphy and 


In Russia, the terminal Neoproterozoic 

formally includes the Vendian of western part 

of the East European platform and the 

concurrent Yudoma Group of Siberia. As is 

shown in this work, the designated 

subdivisions correspond in the stratotypes 

only to the upper, Yudomian Series of the 

Vendian. In the Siberian platform, the Ust- 

Yudoma and Aim horizons of the Yudomian 

are tightly interrelated. The lower of them, 

bearing remains of Ediacaran Fauna, 

represents the Ediacarian Stage, whereas the 

upper one containing small-shelled fossils 

(SSF) corresponds to the Nemakit-Daldynian 

Stage divided into the trisulcatus and antiqua 

superregional zones. In more complete 

sections of the platform periphery, sediments 

of these subdivisions conformably rest on 

siliciclastic succession that should be ranked 

as basal subdivision of the Yudomian. The 

succession is concurrent to the Laplandian 

Stage of the East European platform. 

According to geochronological dates obtained 

recently, the Yudomian Series spans interval 

of 600 – 540 Ma. In the East European 

platform, the Upper Vendian (Yudomian) 

begins with the Laplandian basal tillites of 

synonymous stage. In the west of the platform, 

tillites are dated at 600 Ma like the Upper 

Vendian base in Siberia. The next Ediacarian 

Stage of the East European platform is 

stratigraphic equivalent of the Redkino 

Horizon, while summary range of the Kotlin 

and Rovno horizons is concurrent to that of 

the Nemakit-Daldynian Stage. The Vendian of 

Russia is conformably overlain by the 

Tommotian Stage of the Lower Cambrian. 

Intense pre-Vendian events constrained 

distribution areas of the Lower Vendian 

sediments in Russia. The Lower Vendian 

deposits of the East European platform are 

most representative and well studied in the 

central Urals, where they are attributed to the 

Serebryanka Group. In Siberia, separate 

subdivisions representing the Lower Vendian 

are the Maastakh Formation of the Olenek 

Uplift, two lower members of the Ushakovka 

Formation in the Baikal region, and the 

Taseeva Group of the Yenisei Range. 

Chronological interval of the Lower Vendian 

corresponds to 650–600 Ma. The Marinoan 

Glaciation dated in Australia at 650–635 Ma 

is concurrent to basal part of the pre- 

Yudomian interval of the Vendian in Russia, 

whereas the Laplandian Tillite and Gaskiers 

Glaciation (600–580 Ma) correspond to onset 

of the Yudomian Epoch. The new Ediacaran 

System (Knoll et al., 2004) legalized in the 

International Neoproterozoic scale is close in 

range to the entire Vendian (635–544 Ma), 

although without basal beds (Marinoan Tillite) 

it deprives the terminal Neoproterozoic of its 

original sense. Inferiority of the system 

consists also in its indivisibility into stages. 

Hence, it is clear that the Vendian System 

159

subdivided in detail in Russia should be 

retained in the rank of terminal system of the 

Precambrian, one of the basic in general scale 

of the Neoproterozoic. 

2009020517 

华南武夷山西侧流纹岩的年龄和构造环境 

= The age and tectonic environment of the 

rhyolitic rocks on the western side of Wuyi 

Mountain, South China. ( 英文 ). Shu Liangshu; 

Deng Ping; Yu Jinhai; Wang Yanbin; Jiang 

Shaoyong. Science in China Series D: Earth 

Sciences, 2008, 51(8): 1053-1063 

During the geological survey of the 

metamorphic rocks in Xingning-Wuhua 

region on the western side of Wuyi Mountain, 

South China, we discovered the 

Neoproterozoic rhyolite and rhyolitic 

greywacke for the first time that outcrop in the 

Proterozoic metamorphic rocks near Jingnan 

Town of Xingning County, eastern 

Guangdong Province. A systematic research 

on petrology, geochemistry and 

geochronology of rhyolitic rocks was 

conducted to understand their tectonic setting 

and formation age. The Jingnan rhyolite is 

interbedded with a coeval greywacke, with a 

total thickness of 60 m; both rhyolite and 

greywacke display a similar folding and 

metamorphic pattern. Meta-rhyolite consists 

of groundmass and phenocrystals including 

sanidine, orthoclase, and quartz with distinct 

undulose extinction; the groundmass has been 

re-crystallized into fine-grain feldspar, quartz 

and sericite aggregation. Meta-greywacke is 

composed of crystallinoclastic grains 

(sanidine, orthoclase, quartz and oligoclase) 

and clay groundmass. Zircon grains used for 

the SHRIMP U-Pb analysis are light browncolored 

and euhedral or sub-euhedral. Dating 

data suggest two age groups; eight grains of 

magma-type zircon with an idiomorphic form 

yield an age of 972±8 Ma, and the other 

seven weakly corroded grains of zircon with 

euhedral to subeuhedral shape construct an 

average age of 1097 ± 11 Ma, which were 

captured from older rocks by an uplifting 

magma, implying that a late Mesoproterozoic 

basement exists in the Nanling region. In 

addition, one Paleoproterozoic age, 2035±11 

Ma, is obtained from a rounded detrital zircon, 

indicating that a Paleoproterozoic thermal 

event took place in the South China. 

Geochemically, the Jingnan rhyolitic rocks are 

characterized by high K2O content, 

intermediate Al2O3 content, with the ACNK 

value 0.98–1.11, and belonging to high-K 

alkaline series. They are rich in ΣREE, Rb, 

Th and Ce, depleted in Ba, Sr, Eu, Ti, P and 

Nb-Ta, and with moderate negative Eu and Sr 

anomalies. These features indicate that the 

Jingnan volcanic rocks have an affinity of 

continental arc that is similar to those of acid 

volcanic rocks in the SE-China Coastal 

Region, in other words, a Neoproterozoic 

tectono-magma event might have taken place 

in the western Wuyi region, leading to an 

eruption of high-K calc-alkaline granitic 

magma. 

2009020518 

华南陡山沱组上部碳酸盐结核的早期成岩 

发育及其对烃源岩评价的意义 = Early 

diagenetic growth of carbonate concretions in 

the upper Doushantuo Formation in South 

China and their significance for the 

assessment of hydrocarbon source rock. ( 英 

文 ). Dong Jin; Zhang Shihong; Jiang Ganqing; 

Zhao Qingle; Li Haiyan; Shi Xiaoying; Liu 

Junlai. Science in China Series D: Earth 

Sciences, 2008, 51(9): 1330-1339 

Mineralogical and textural characteristics 

and organic carbon composition of the 

carbonate concretions from the upper 

Doushantuo Formation (ca. 551 Ma) in the 

eastern Yangtze Gorge area reveal their early 

diagenetic (shallow) growth in organic-rich 

shale. High organic carbon content (up to 10%) 

and abundance of framboidal pyrites in the 

hosting shale suggest an anoxic or euxinic 

depositional environment. Well-preserved 

cardhouse clay fabrics in the concretions 

suggest their formation at 0–3 m burial depth, 

likely associated with microbial 

decomposition of organic matter and 

anaerobic oxidation of methane. Gases 

through decomposition of organic matter 

and/or from methanogenesis created bubbles 

and cavities, and anaerobic methane oxidation 

at the sulfate reduction zone resulted in 

carbonate precipitation, filling in bubbles and 

cavities to form spherical structures of the 

concretions. Rock pyrolysis analyses show 

that the carbonate concretions have lower total 

organic carbon (TOC) content but higher 

effective carbon than those in the host rocks. 

This may be caused by enclosed organic 

matter in pores of the concretions so that 

organic matter was protected from further 

modification during deep burial and 

maintained high hydrocarbon generating 

potential even in over-matured source rock. 

As a microbialite sensu latu, concretions have 

special growth conditions and may provide 

160

important information on the microbial 

activities in depositional and early burial 

environments. 

2009020519 

华北地台中元古代页岩 (17 亿年 ) 中的砂脉 

及 MISS 构造 : 对微生物席中甲烷气逃逸的 

指示意义 = Sand veins and MISS from the 

Mesoproterozoic black shale (ca. 1.7 Ga) in 

North China: Implication for methane 

degassing from microbial mats. ( 英文 ). Shi 

Xiaoying; Jiang Ganqing; Zhang Chuanheng; 

Gao Linzhi; Liu Juan. Science in China Series 

D: Earth Sciences, 2008, 51(11): 1525-1536 

The Mesoproterozoic Chuanlinggou 

Formation (ca. 1.7 Ga) consists mainly of 

dark-gray to black shales that are widespread 

in the North China Platform. Abundant 

centimeter-scale sand veins are present within 

the shale layers of this unit, particularly in the 

middle part. Sand veins display ptygmatic 

shapes, perpendicular or with a high angle to 

bedding planes. They penetrate the black shale 

layers but are often terminated by thin, 

lenticular sandstone beds, forming small-scale 

‘tepee-like’ structures. On bedding planes, 

sand veins are expressed as small ridges with 

1–3 mm positive relief. Lack of polygonal 

shapes and their occurrence in thinly 

laminated, relatively deep-water shales 

preclude an origin from sand-filled desiccation 

cracks. Instead, their close association with 

microbially induced sedimentary structures 

(MISS) such as micro-wrinkles and gas 

blisters, putative bacterial fossils (possibly 

coccoidal cyanobacteria) and framboidal 

pyrites, suggests that they were formed by 

degassing of methane from microbial mat 

decay. Methane gas disrupted overlying 

sedimentary layers, creating fractures open to 

seawater. Fine-grained quartz sands, which 

were transported into the depositional 

environment by strong winds, filled the 

fractures. Sand-filled fractures were shortened 

and folded during burial compaction, forming 

ptygmatic shapes. The presence of dispersed 

dolomite and siderite in these sand veins 

suggests authigenic carbonate precipitation 

from anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). 

Sand veins are intensely distributed within the 

Chuanlinggou Formation and are spatially 

widespread in the North China Platform. If 

their methane origin is confirmed, they may 

have important implications for the 

Mesoproterozoic paleoclimate. With anoxic 

oceans and low seawater sulfate concentration 

during the Mesoproterozoic, methane release 

from microbial mat decay and/or microbial 

methanogenesis during shallow burial may 

have been proportionally higher than that of 

the modern marine environments, with 

resultant increase in the relative importance of 

methane in maintaining the Mesoproterozoic 

greenhouse climate. 

2009020520 

华南板溪群五强溪组新 SHRIMP U-Pb 年 

龄 : 对 Cryogenian(Sturtian) 冰期相关的裂 

解作用和地层剥蚀的指示意义 = New 

SHRIMP U-Pb age from the Wuqiangxi 

Formation of Banxi Group: Implications for 

rifting and stratigraphic erosion associated 

with the early Cryogenian (Sturtian) glaciation 

in South China. ( 英文 ). Zhang Shihong; Jiang 

Ganqing; Dong Jin; Han Yigui; Wu Huaichun. 


Sciences, 2008, 51(11): 1537-1544 

In South China, the Wuqiangxi Formation 

of the Banxi Group and its equivalents 

underlie the early Cryogenian (Sturtian) 

glacial deposits but their thickness varies from 

2000 m. In the Guzhang section 

of western Hunan, the Wuqiangxi Formation 

is only 152 m thick, and an ash bed 58 m 

below the glacial diamictite yielded a 

SHRIMP U-Pb age of 809.3 ± 8.4 Ma. In 

contrast, 90 km south of the Guzhang section 

towards the basin in Zhijiang area where the 

Wuqiangxi Formation is ∼2200 m thick, an 

age of 725±10 Ma has been reported from 

the top of this unit, 300 m below the glacial 

diamictite. These ages provide new evidence 

for the regional stratigraphic correlation across 

the Nanhua basin, and suggest unusually large 

(>2 km) stratigraphic erosion potentially 

associated with the Sturtian glaciation in 

South China. The magnitude of erosion may 

imply significant uplifting and 

tectonotopography at the onset of the Sturtian 

glaciation. 

2009020521 

华南埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱期盆地化跃层不稳 

定性和同位素变化 = Chemocline instability 

and isotope variations of the Ediacaran 

Doushantuo basin in South China. ( 英文 ). 

Jiang Ganqing; Zhang Shihong; Shi Xiaoying; 

Wang Xinqiang. Science in China Series D: 


Stable isotope analyses in sections across a 

shelf to basinal transect of the Ediacaran 

Doushantuo basin show substantial isotope 

variabilities. In Songlin section where 

161

sediments were deposited in an intrashelf 

basin, δ 13C values are persistently negative 

(−3 ‰ to −5‰, VPDB) through the entire 

Doushantuo Formation, similar to those 

obtained from the slope section in Wuhe (−5 

‰ to −10‰, VPDB). Shallow water sections 

in Weng’an and Duoding show two broad δ 

13C anomalies overprinted with significant 

meter-scale variations, but none of the curves 

has similar absolute δ 13C values compared 

to the Yangtze Gorges areas in South China 

and other sections globally. Such isotope 

variations, if partially recording ancient 

seawater signature, imply spatial and temporal 

chemocline instability in the Doushantuo 

basin. In combination with available δ 13C 

records from other Ediacaran successions 

globally, the data from the Doushantuo basin 

are consistent, in first order, with the existence 

and oxidation of a large dissolved organic 

carbon (DOC) reservoir in Ediacaran oceans, 

but imply local environmental controls on 

Neoproterozoic isotope values and call 

attentions for using δ 13C anomalies as time 

lines in stratigraphic correlation. Electronic 

Supplementary Material Supplementary 

material is available for this article at 

10.1007/s11430-008-0116-2 and is accessible 

for authorized users. 

2009020522 

埃塞俄比亚北部 Tambien 群成冰系碳酸盐 

板岩序列 (I): 前 “Sturtian” 冰期化学 

地层学及区域对比 = Cryogenian slatecarbonate 

sequences of the Tambien Group, 

Northern Ethiopia (I): Pre- “ Sturtian ” 

chemostratigraphy and regional correlations. 

( 英文 ). Miller N R; Stern R J; Avigad D; 

Beyth M; Schilman B. Precambrian 

Research, 2009, 170(3-4): 129-156 

Ethiopia's youngest Neoproterozoic 

sedimentary outcrops are “ Sturtian ” 

diamictites that cap the Tambien Group (Tigre, 

N. Ethiopia), a modestly thick (1–3 km) slate 

and carbonate succession that records early 

Cryogenian evolution of the Mozambique 

Ocean within the southern Arabian–Nubian 

Shield. Tambien carbonate deposition 

occurred over an island arc accretion complex, 

during or after the waning phase of arc 

magmatism (Tsaliet Group; 775 – 740 Ma) 

and ended prior to the structural and magmatic 

emergence of the East African Orogen (EAO; 

c. ≥630–610). Closure of the Mozambique 

Ocean to form the EAO, sometime after the 

deposition of “ Sturtian ” (715 – 685 Ma) 

diamictite and before the onset of EAO 

magmatism, destroyed accommodation space 

capable of preserving younger Cryogenian 

episodes. Litho- and chemostratigraphic 

variations of the Tambien Group, compiled 

from investigations of four areas of Tigre, 

demonstrate that integrated δ 13 C carb and 

87 Sr/ 86 Sr stratigraphies are effective for 

regional correlation and form the basis for a 

composite reference section (introduced here, 

but evaluated in the context of evolving 

Cryogenian Earth systems in a companion 

manuscript). Sediments in the Negash 

synclinorium span the depositional histories of 

all other localities but may contain a 

significant unconformity, suggesting at least 

local structural relief differentiation during 

deposition of the early Tambien Group 

carbonate platform. Mai Kenetal synclinorium 

sediments may preserve this missing interval. 

The regional Tambien record has two 

consecutive positive-to-negative carbon 

isotope excursions, the first associated with an 

abrupt transition to carbonates with cap 

carbonate-like features (basal Assem 

Limestone - Mai Kenetal) and the second 

associated with the transition from relatively 

organic-rich black limestone to “Sturtian” 

diamictite (Negash). Sr isotope compositions 

rise from

from an earlier pre-“Sturtian” cooling event, 

perhaps related to the Kaigas glacial interval. 

If so, the Assem Limestone is the first and 

oldest cap carbonate sequence in the 

Arabian – Nubian Shield. The 

chemostratigraphic framework for the 

Tambien Group contributes to empirical 

observations that integrated C and Sr isotope 

stratigraphies are effective for Cryogenian 

(pre- “ Sturtian ” ) chemostratigraphic 

correlations. However, more work is required 

to understand how δ 13 C carb specifically 

relates to marine δ 13 C DIC . 

2009020523 

Chafalote 变质序列中镁铁质麻粒岩和混合 

岩的岩石学及温压测量学 : 对 

Uruguayan—Sul-Rio-Grandense 地盾新元 

古代 P-T 变化的新见解 = Petrology and 

thermobarometry of mafic granulites and 

migmatites from the Chafalote Metamorphic 

Suite: new insights into the Neoproterozoic 

P–T evolution of the Uruguayan—Sul-Rio- 

Grandense shield. ( 英文 ). Gross A O M S; 

Droop G T R; Porcher C C; Fernandes L A D. 

Precambrian Research, 2009, 170(3-4): 157- 

174 

This paper reports a study of the 

metamorphic evolution of pelitic, semi-pelitic 

migmatites and mafic granulites of the 

Chafalote Metamorphic Suite (CMS), 

Uruguay, which represents the southernmost 

exposures of high-grade metamorphic rocks in 

the Dom Feliciano Belt, Uruguain—Sul-Rio- 

Grandense shield, South America. This belt is 

one of the Brasiliano orogens that crop out 

along the Brazilian and Uruguayan Atlantic 

margin, and the CMS is one of several 

disconnected segments of supracrustal rock in 

a dominantly granitic terrain. Petrological 

evidence from CMS mafic granulites and 

semi-pelitic migmatites indicates four distinct 

metamorphic assemblages. The early prograde 

assemblage (M 1 ) is preserved only as 

inclusions in porphyroblasts of the peakmetamorphic 

(M 2 ) assemblage. Peakmetamorphism 

was followed by nearisothermal 

decompression (M 3 ), which 

resulted in symplectites and coronitic textures 

in the mafic granulites and compositional 

zoning of Ca in garnet (decreasing rimwards) 

and plagioclase (increasing rimwards) in the 

semi-pelitic migmatites. The retrograde 

metamorphic assemblage (M 4 ) is represented 

by hydration reaction textures replacing 

minerals of the M 2 and M 3 assemblages. 

Average P–T calculations using the program 

THERMOCALC and conventional 

thermobarometric methods yield peakmetamorphic 

(M 2 ) P–T conditions of 7– 

10 kbar and 830 – 950 ° C, neardecompressional 

(M 3 ) P – T conditions of 

4.8 – 5.5 kbar and 788 – 830 ° C and M 4 

retrograde P–T conditions of 3–6 kbar and 

600–750 °C. The calculated P–T path for 

the CMS rocks is ‘ clockwise ’ and 

incorporates a near-isothermal decompression 

segment followed by minor cooling, 

consistent with a history of crustal thickening 

followed by extensional collapse at ca. 650– 

600 Ma. The metamorphism recorded by 

rocks of this crustal segment may be 

correlated with 650 Ma metamorphism in the 

Coastal Terrane of the Kaoko Belt in Namibia, 

being the first unequivocal match between 

South America and Africa provided by 

crystalline rocks south of the Congo Craton. 

2009020524 

Serrinha 核部花岗岩 - 绿岩地体 ( 巴西巴伊 

亚东北部 ) 的地质演化 : 由 U–Pb 单体锆 

石的地质年代学限定 = Geologic evolution 

of the Serrinha nucleus granite–greenstone 

terrane (NE Bahia, Brazil) constrained by U– 

Pb single zircon geochronology. ( 英文 ). Rios 

D C; Davis D W; Conceição H; Davis W J; 

Rosa M L S; Dickin A P. Precambrian 

Research, 2009, 170(3-4): 175-201 

U – Pb single zircon crystallization ages 

were determined using TIMS and sensitive 

high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) on 

samples of granitoid rocks exposed in the 

Serrinha nucleus granite–greenstone terrane, 

in NE Brazil. Our data show that the granitoid 

plutons can be divided into three distinct 

groups. Group 1 consists of Mesoarchaean 

(3.2 – 2.9 Ga) gneisses and N-S elongated 

TTG (Tonalite-Trondhjemite-Granodiorite) 

plutons with gneissic borders. Group 2 is 

represented by ca. 2.15 Ga pretectonic calcalkaline 

plutons that are less deformed than 

group 1. Group 3 is ca. 2.11–2.07 Ga, late to 

post-tectonic plutons (shoshonite, syenite, K- 

rich granite and lamprophyre). Groups 2 and 3 

are associated with the Transamazonian 

orogeny. Xenocryst ages of 3.6 Ga, the oldest 

zircon yet recorded within the São Francisco 

craton, are found in the group 3 Euclides 

shoshonite within the Uauá complex and in 

the group 2 Quijingue trondhjemite, indicating 

the presence of Paleoarchaean sialic basement. 

163

Group 1 gneiss-migmatitic rocks (ca. 3200 Ma) 

of the Uau á complex constitute the oldest 

known unit. Shortly afterwards, partial 

melting of mafic material produced a medium- 

K calc-alkaline melt, the younger Santa Luz 

complex (ca. 3100 Ma) to the south. 

Subsequent TTG melts intruded in different 

phases now exposed as N-S elongated plutons 

such as Ambr ó sio (3162 ± 26 Ma), Araci 

(3072 ± 2 Ma), Requeijão (2989 ± 11 Ma) 

and others, which together form a major part 

of the Archaean nucleus. Some of these 

plutons have what appear to be intrusive, but 

are probably remobilized, contacts with the 

Transamazonian Itapicuru greenstone belt. 

The older gneissic rocks occur as enclaves 

within younger Archaean plutons. Thus, serial 

additions of juvenile material over a period of 

several hundred m.y. led to the formation of a 

stable micro-continent by 2.9 Ga. Evidence 

for Neoarchaean activity is found in the 

inheritance pattern of only one sample, the 

group 2 Euclides pluton. 

Group 2 granitoid plutons were emplaced at 

2.16 – 2.13 Ga in a continental arc 

environment floored by Mesoarchaean crust. 

These plutons were subsequently deformed 

and intruded by late to post-tectonic group 3 

alkaline plutons. This period of 

Transamazonian orogeny can be explained as 

a consequence of ocean closure followed by 

collision and slab break-off. The only 

subsequent magmatism was kimberlitic, 

probably emplaced during the Neoproterozoic 

Braziliano event, which sampled older zircon 

from the basement. 

2009020525 

印度西北部拉贾斯坦邦新元古代热液蚀变 

玄武岩 : 对 Aravalli 克拉通前寒武纪晚期 

构造演化的指示意义 = Neoproterozoic 

hydrothermally altered basaltic rocks from 

Rajasthan, northwest India: implications for 

late Precambrian tectonic evolution of the 

Aravalli Craton. ( 英文 ). Lente B V; Ashwal L 

D; Pandit M K; Bowring S A; Torsvik T H. 


222 

The isolated volcano-sedimentary 

sequences of the Punagarh and Sindreth 

Groups occur along the western flank of the 

Delhi Fold Belt in northwest India, and 

include mafic rocks (pillow basalts and 

dolerite dykes) that are dominantly olivine 

tholeiites with minor quartz-normative and 

alkali basalts. Sindreth samples appear to have 

higher primary TiO 2 and P 2 O 5 abundances 

relative to those from Punagarh. Both suites of 

mafic rocks show variable, but profound 

hydrothermal alteration effects, with loss on 

ignition (LOI) values up to 10.3 wt.%, and 

extensive secondary minerals including albite, 

sericite, chlorite and calcite. Despite this, there 

is excellent preservation of magmatic textures, 

but there has been extensive albitization of 

plagioclase phenocrysts, a hallmark of 

hydrothermal alteration processes in oceanic 

crust. Supporting evidence for such 

hydrothermal alteration comes from 

correlations of LOI abundances with 

CaO/Na 2 O, and evidence for U mobility is 

apparent on diagrams of Nb/Th vs. Nb/U. 

Felsic volcanic rocks (rhyolite, dacite) 

interlayered with the Sindreth basalts yield 

U–Pb zircon ages (TIMS method) between 

761 ± 16 and 767 ± 3 Ma, which we 

interpret as representing the time of primary 

magmatic activity. We infer that the volcanosedimentary 

rocks of the Punagarh also 

formed at this time, on the basis of similarities 

in lithology, stratigraphy, field relations and 

geochemistry. Intermediate granitoid rocks 

yield older U – Pb ages of 800 ± 2 and 

873 ± 3 Ma, which we correlate with the 

post-Delhi Supergroup Erinpura Granites. 

Taken together, the features of the Punagarh 

and Sindreth Groups are consistent with their 

formation in a back-arc basin setting. Their 

coevality with other magmatic systems in NW 

India (Malani Igneous Suite), the Seychelles 

and Madagascar, for which a continental arc 

setting has also been proposed, supports the 

notion of an extensive convergent margin in 

western Rodinia at 750–770 Ma. 

2009020526 

莫桑比克东北部莫桑比克带前寒武纪地壳 

的地质年代学及其对冈瓦纳大陆聚合的指 

示意义 = Geochronology of the Precambrian 

crust in the Mozambique belt in NE 

Mozambique, and implications for Gondwana 

assembly. ( 英文 ). Bingen B; Jacobs J; Viola G; 

Henderson I H C; Skår Ø; Boyd R; Thomas R 

J; Solli A; Key R M; Daudi E X F. 


255 

Zircon and monazite U–Pb data document 

the geochronology of the felsic crust in the 

Mozambique Belt in NE Mozambique. 

Immediately E of Lake Niassa and NW of the 

Karoo-aged Maniamba Graben, the Ponta 

Messuli Complex preserves Paleoproterozoic 

164

gneisses with granulite-facies metamorphism 

dated at 1950 ± 15 Ma, and intruded by 

granite at 1056 ± 11 Ma. This complex has 

only weak evidence for a Pan-African 

metamorphism. Between the Maniamba 

Graben and the WSW–ENE-trending Lurio 

(shear) Belt, the Unango and Marrupa 

Complexes consist mainly of felsic 

orthogneisses dated between 1062 ± 13 and 

946 ± 11 Ma, and interlayered with minor 

paragneisses. In these complexes, an 

amphibolite- to granulite-facies 

metamorphism is dated at 953 ± 8 Ma and a 

nepheline syenite pluton is dated at 

799 ± 8 Ma. Pan-African deformation and 

high-grade metamorphism are more intense 

and penetrative southwards, towards the Lurio 

Belt. Amphibolite-facies metamorphism is 

dated at 555 ± 11 Ma in the Marrupa 

Complex and amphibolite- to granulite-facies 

metamorphism between 569 ± 9 and 

527 ± 8 Ma in the Unango Complex. Postcollisional 

felsic plutonism, dated between 

549 ± 13 and 486 ± 27 Ma, is uncommon in 

the Marrupa Complex but common in the 

Unango Complex. To the south of the Lurio 

Belt, the Nampula Complex consists of felsic 

orthogneisses which gave ages ranging from 

1123 ± 9 to 1042 ± 9 Ma, interlayered with 

paragneisses. The Nampula Complex 

underwent amphibolite-facies metamorphism 

in the period between 543 ± 23 to 

493 ± 8 Ma, and was intruded by voluminous 

post-collisional granitoid plutons between 

511 ± 12 and 508 ± 3 Ma. In a larger 

context, the Ponta Messuli Complex is 

regarded as part of the Palaeoproterozoic, 

Usagaran, Congo-Tanzania Craton foreland of 

the Pan-African orogen. The Unango, 

Marrupa and Nampula Complexes were 

probably formed in an active margin setting 

during the Mesoproterozoic. The Unango and 

Marrupa Complexes were assembled on the 

margin of the Congo-Tanzania Craton during 

the Irumidian orogeny (ca. 1020–950 Ma), 

together with terranes in the Southern Irumide 

Belt. The distinctly older Nampula Complex 

was more probably linked to the Maud Belt of 

Antarctica, and peripheral to the Kalahari 

Craton during the Neoproterozoic. During the 

Pan-African orogeny, the Marrupa Complex 

was overlain by NW-directed nappes of the 

Cabo Delgado Nappe Complex before peak 

metamorphism at ca. 555 Ma. The nappes 

include evidence for early Pan-African 

orogenic events older than 610 Ma, typical for 

the Eastern Granulites in Tanzania. Crustal 

thickening at 555 ± 11 Ma is coeval with 

high-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism 

along the Lurio Belt at 557 ± 16 Ma. Crustal 

thickening in NE Mozambique is part of the 

main Pan-African, Kuunga, orogeny peaking 

between 570 and 530 Ma, during which the 

Congo-Tanzania, Kalahari, East Antarctica 

and India Cratons welded to form Gondwana. 

Voluminous post-collisional magmatism and 

metamorphism younger than 530 Ma in the 

Lurio Belt and the Nampula Complex are 

taken as evidence of gravitational collapse of 

the extensive orogenic domain south of the 

Lurio Belt after ca. 530 Ma. The Lurio Belt 

may represent a Pan-African suture zone 

between the Kalahari and Congo-Tanzania 

Craton. 

2009020527 

西伯利亚北部 Olenek 隆起中镁铁质火成岩 

的地质年代学和古地磁学 : 对中元古代超 

大陆和古地理学的指示意义 = 

Geochronology and paleomagnetism of mafic 

igneous rocks in the Olenek Uplift, northern 

Siberia: implications for Mesoproterozoic 

supercontinents and paleogeography. ( 英文 ). 

Wingate M T D; Pisarevsky S A; Gladkochub 

D P; Donskaya T V; Konstantinov K M; 

Mazukabzov A M; Stanevich A M. 


266 

We present a new, reliably dated 

Mesoproterozoic paleopole for Siberia, based 

on a combined geochronological and 

paleomagnetic study of mafic rocks within the 

Mesoproterozoic Sololi Group of the Olenek 

Uplift in northern Siberia. Ion microprobe 

(SHRIMP) U – Pb analysis yields 

crystallisation ages of 2036 ± 11 Ma for 

zircon from a basement granite and 

1473 ± 24 Ma for baddeleyite from a large 

dolerite sill within the Kyutingde Formation. 

The baddeleyite result indicates that the lower 

Sololi Group is significantly older than was 

suggested by previous K – Ar results. 

Paleomagnetic analysis of the dolerite sill and 

related mafic intrusive rocks yields a 

paleopole at 33.6°N, 253.1°E, A 95 = 10.4°. 

A positive baked-contact test between the 

Kyutingde sill and sedimentary country rocks 

shows that the magnetisation is primary. 

Comparison of this paleopole with coeval 

results for Laurentia provides a revised 

reconstruction between Siberia and Laurentia, 

165

and implies that these two continents were 

parts of a single Mesoproterozoic 

supercontinent since at least 1473 Ma. We 

argue that Siberia, Laurentia, and Baltica 

belonged to the same supercontinent between 

1473 Ma and mid-Neoproterozoic time. 

2009020528 

华南贵州东北部新元古代镁铁质岩和砂岩 

的地质年代学 : 同期岛弧岩浆作用和沉积 

作用 = Geochronology of Neoproterozoic 

mafic rocks and sandstones from northeastern 

Guizhou, South China: Coeval arc magmatism 

and sedimentation. ( 英文 ). Zhou Jincheng; 

Wang Xiaolei; Qiu Jiansheng. Precambrian 

Research, 2009, 170(1-2): 27-42 

The mafic – ultramafic rocks in the 

Fanjingshan Group from northeastern 

Guizhou have been classified as the calcalkaline 

series. These mafic rocks have 

prominent negative Nb, Ta and Ti but positive 

Pb anomalies and show typical geochemical 

signatures of arc basalts and decoupling Nd– 

Hf isotopic characters. SHRIMP and LA-ICP- 

MS U–Pb zircon datings for four samples of 

the mafic rocks yield U–Pb zircon ages of 

814 ± 15 Ma, 814 ± 6 Ma, 831 ± 6 Ma and 

827 ± 24 Ma with an average age of 

822 ± 15 Ma. The U – Pb ages of the 

youngest detrital zircon grains in four samples 

of the sandstones from the Fanjingshan Group 

are 873 ± 4 Ma, 874 ± 10 Ma, 870 ± 10 Ma 

and 869 ± 9 Ma with an average age of 

872 ± 3 Ma that is considered as the 

maximum depositional age of these 

sandstones. It suggests that the Fanjingshan 

Group, the equivalent of the Sibao and 

Lengjiaxi Groups occurring in the western 

Jiangnan orogen, is Neoproterozoic rather 

than Mesoproterozoic as previously 

considered. Combined with published age data, 

the U–Pb zircon dating of both mafic rocks 

and sandstones in the Fanjingshan Group 

provides new constraints on the timing of 

various geological events during the 

development of the Jiangnan orogen. It is 

evident that there existed coeval magmatism 

(878 – 822 Ma) with arc signatures and 

sedimentation (872–835 Ma) in the foreland 

basin along the southeastern margin of the 

Yangtze Block during the Neoproterozoic. 

Compared with the Grenvillian-age orogenic 

event, the collision between the Yangtze and 

Cathaysia Blocks was postponed for 355– 

160 Ma. Moreover, the basement strata in the 

Jiangnan orogen underwent thorough 

greenschist-facies metamorphism. The 

prevalent granulite-facies metamorphism in 

the Grenvillian orogenic belts has not been 

found in the metamorphosed sedimentaryigneous 

rocks of the basement strata exposed 

in the Jiangnan orogen. All these suggest that 

the Jiangnan orogen should not be considered 

as a Grenvillian-age orogenic belt. It is 

proposed that the Jiangnan orogen might be 

the product of collision between two 

neighboring blocks during the transition of 

Rodinia to Gondwana. 

2009020529 

西伯利亚克拉通 Akitkan 造山带内太古代 

地壳的发现 : 对西伯利亚克拉通结构和历 

史的新认识 = Discovery of Archaean crust 

within the Akitkan orogenic belt of the 

Siberian craton: new insight into its 

architecture and history. ( 英文 ). Donskaya T 

V; Gladkochub D P; Pisarevsky S A; Poller U; 

Mazukabzov A M; Bayanova T B. 

Precambrian Research, 2009, 170(1-2): 61-72 

The Akitkan orogenic belt separates the 

Aldan and Anabar superterranes of the 

Siberian craton and was previously suggested 

to consist exclusively of Palaeoproterozoic 

juvenile crust. Foliated granitoids in the 

Baikal basement salient within the Akitkan 

belt were studied geochronologically and 

geochemically. Thermal ionisation mass 

spectrometry (TIMS) analysis of six zircons of 

a tonalite sample yielded a discordia line with 

an upper concordia intercept age of 

2884 ± 12 Ma which is interpreted as the 

time of tonalite emplacement. Geochemical 

data of the foliated granitoids confirm their 

affinity to the tonalite – trondhjemite – 

granodiorite (TTG) series. They are 

characterized by high Al 2 O 3 contents (14.4– 

17.2 wt.%), high Sr/Y ratios (18 – 99) and 

show significant rare-earth element (REE) 

fractionation with La n /Yb n = 11 – 89. The 

Nd (T) values vary from −1.6 to +0.8 and Nd 

mean crustal residence ages range from 3.23 

to 3.07 Ga. Geochemical and isotopic data 

confirm their genesis through interaction of 

mantle and crustal material under high 

pressure near the base of thickened crust either 

after accretion of ancient continental crust and 

an oceanic plateau, or after underplating of 

oceanic plateau-like basaltic magmas. 

The Akitkan orogenic belt is a composite 

crustal unit of Archaean and 

Palaeoproterozoic age. We propose two 

166

possible scenarios of its evolution. In the first 

scenario Palaeoproterozoic complexes 

developed along the active margin of the 

Archaean Anabar superterrane at 2.1–2.0 Ga. 

Alternatively Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic 

components of the Akitkan belt could have a 

distal origin and were accreted to the Anabar 

superterrane. These accretional processes were 

followed by a major collision of the Aldan and 

Anabar superterranes at 1.9 Ga finalised by 

post-collisional granitoid magmatism at 

1.87–1.84 Ga. 

2009020530 

对南非 Kaapvaal 克拉通西缘 Transvaal 超 

群晚太古代碳循环的同位素限定 = Isotopic 

constraints on the Late Archean carbon cycle 

from the Transvaal Supergroup along the 

western margin of the Kaapvaal Craton, South 

Africa. ( 英文 ). Fischer W W; Schroeder S; 

Lacassie J P; Beukes N J; Goldberg T;Strauss 

H; Horstmann U E; Schrag D P; Knoll A H. 

Precambrian Research, 2009, 169(1-4): 15-27 

Few existing studies illuminate the 

operation of the carbon cycle before the rise of 

atmospheric oxygen circa 2400 million years 

ago. Stable carbon isotopic measurements of 

shallow stromatolitic carbonates (0‰ VPDB) 

and basinal carbonate minerals (−6‰) in iron 

formation have been used to infer a strong 

isotopic depth gradient in Archean ocean 

basins. From new diamond drill cores 

obtained by the Agouron Drilling Project from 

the Griqualand West structural basin in the 

Northern Cape Province, South Africa, we 

present δ 13 C data from carbonates and 

organic matter that offer fresh insights into the 

Late Archean carbon cycle. Three drill cores 

cover the development, progradation, and 

ultimate demise (by drowning) of the 

Campbellrand carbonate platform (ca. 2590– 

2500 Ma); one captures the platform top 

shallow marine and intertidal 

paleoenvironments, the other two run through 

slope and basinal sections deposited adjacent 

to the platform margin, increasing in water 

depth (likely to >1 km). Both shallow and 

deep-water carbonates precipitated on the 

seafloor consistently show δ 13 C values 

around −0.5 ‰ , incompatible with a strong 

Late Archean isotopic depth gradient. A 

mathematical model suggests that these 

isotopic data are consistent with a reduced 

biological pump, increased dissolved 

inorganic carbon in seawater due to higher 

atmospheric P CO2 , or both. Certain horizons do 

show distinct isotopic variability. Such areas 

are commonly shaly, and they tend to be 

organic and/or iron rich. Strong C-isotopic 

variations occur on a cm scale and most likely 

stem from diagenetic remineralization of 

organic matter. In sediment-starved areas 

where iron formation developed, siderite tends 

to be 13 C-depleted, sometimes by as much as 

−14‰. These observations suggest a carbon 

cycle in which iron respiration played a 

conspicuous role. Carbon isotope ratios from 

organic matter in shales are commonly >1‰ 

lighter than stratigraphically contiguous 

carbonates, but there is no clear water depth 

trend in the organic carbon isotopic data. 

Taken as a whole, the δ 13 C of organic matter 

can be explained by several non-unique sets of 

processes, including different autotrophic 

mechanisms of carbon fixation, heterotrophic 

recycling (including fermentation and 

methanotrophy), and post-depositional 

diagenesis. The most striking feature is the 

occurrence of organic δ 13 C values

1.6 Ma, that is to say, the isotopic age of the 

uppermost of Hirnantian Stage, the point of 

Ordovician-Silurian boundary, should be near 

to, but slightly younger than 443.2±1.6 Ma. 

This age is identical to the Ordovician- 

Silurian boundary age 443.7 ± 1.5 Ma as 

declared by International Commission on 

Stratigraphy (ICS). So, this research provides 

some good geochronlogical data for the 

Hirnantian Stage and the Ordovician-Silurian 

boundary as well as the global correlation. 

2009020532 

选择牙形类 Idiognathodus simulator( 狭 

义的 ) 作为全球格舍尔阶的底部的事件标 

志着 = Choice of conodont Idiognathodus 

simulator (sensu stricto) as the event marker 

for the base of the global Gzhelian Stage 

(Upper Pennsylvanian Series, Carboniferous 

System). ( 英文 ). Heckel P H; Alekseev A S; 

Barrick J E; Boardman D R; Goreva N V; 

Isakova T N. Episodes, 2008, 31(3): 319-325 

We propose that the level at which the 

conodont species Idiognathodus simulator 

(Ellison 1941) (sensu stricto) first appears be 

selected to mark the base of the Gzhelian 

Stage. because we believe that this is the 

optimal level by which this boundary can be 

correlated. This taxon has a short range and a 

wide distribution, as shown by correlation of 

glacial-eustatic cyclothems across the 

Kasimovian-Gzhelian boundary interval 

among Midcontinent North America and the 

Moscow and Donets basins of eastern Europe, 

based on scale of the cyclothems along with 

several aspects biostratigraphy. Outside of 

these areas, 1. simulator (sensu stricto) is 

known also from other parts of the U.S., and is 

reported from the southern Urals and southcentral 

China in its expected position between 

other widespread taxa. Its first appearance is 

consistent with the current ammonoid 

placement of the boundary (first appearance of 

Shumardites cuyleri), and it is also compatible 

with certain aspects of the distribution of 

Eurasian fusulinid (e.g., lectotype of 

Rauserites rossicus). 

2009020533 

伊朗萨南达杰 - 锡尔詹二叠系 Bolorian 阶和 

Kubergandian 阶 = Bolorian and 

Kubergandian stages of the Permian in the 

Sanandaj-Sirjan zone of Iran. ( 英文 ). Leven E 

J; Gorgij M N. Stratigraphy and Geological 

Correlation, 2008, 16(5): 455-466 

Sections and fusulinids of the Bolorian 

(presumably) and Kubergandian (lower part) 

stages in the Sanandaj-Sirjan tectonic zone are 

described. Two fusulinid assemblages are 

distinguished in a most complete section near 

Sirjan. The lower one is represented by 

Skinnerella, Paraleeina, and relatively 

primitive Misellina forms, whereas Armenina, 

Kubergandella, and Yangchienia species 

appear in the upper assemblage and suggest its 

early Kubergandian age. Accordingly, the 

lower assemblage is attributed to the Bolorian 

Stage, although it is lacking fusulinids typical 

of this stage except for the primitive Misellina 

morphotypes. Fusulinids from the Tange- 

Darchaleh section near Qomsheh (Shahreza) 

are typical of the Kubergandian Stage. The 

described three new species of the genus 

Skinnerella are close to morphotypes known 

from younger (Murgabian) deposits and 

represent their ancestral forms most likely. 

2009020534 

沿喜玛拉雅寒武纪 - 奥陶纪沉积的地层对 

比 : 对珠穆朗玛峰地区岩石的时代和性质 

的意义 = Stratigraphic correlation of 

Cambrian – Ordovician deposits along the 

Himalaya: Implications for the age and nature 

of rocks in the Mount Everest region. ( 英文 ). 

Myrow P M; Hughes N C; Searle M P; 

Fanning C M; Peng Shanchi; Parcha S K. 

Geological Society of America Bulletin, 2009, 

121(3-4): 323-332 

The depositional age and stratigraphic 

correlations of metamorphosed and variably 

deformed rocks of Mount Everest are poorly 

known because of limited recovery of 

diagnostic fossils. Detailed study of Cambrian 

and Ordovician strata from along the length of 

the Himalaya has produced a coherent 

stratigraphy that stretches from northern India 

to Tibet. Our work also demonstrates that the 

North Col Formation rocks (= Everest series), 

between the Qomolangma and Lhotse 

detachments of the South Tibetan detachment 

system, still locally preserve sedimentary 

textures and primary stratigraphy that match 

those within Cambrian strata ~1100 km to the 

west in northern India. This demonstrates a 

coherency of depositional systems and 

stratigraphic architecture for Cambrian 

deposits along much of the Himalaya Tethyan 

margin. It also allows, for the first time, 

identification of precise depositional ages of 

several units in the Everest region, in 

particular, the Yellow Band carbonate and 

directly underlying siliciclastic strata, which 

168

are both shown to be late Middle Cambrian in 

age. Detrital zircon data presented herein for a 

sample from these siliciclastic strata contain a 

similar age spectrum to those from Middle 

Cambrian strata in northern India, as well as 

grains as young as ca. 526 Ma, both of which 

support the depositional age and continuity of 

depositional systems along the length of the 

Himalaya. Highly fractured rocks of the 

Ordovician lower Chiatsun Group in the 

hanging wall of the South Tibetan detachment 

system in Nyalam, 75 km to the west of 

Everest, correlate with Ordovician strata of the 

Mount Qomolangma Formation on Mount 

Everest. Our correlations indicate that the base 

of the summit pyramid of Everest, the foot of 

the "Third Step," is composed of a 60-m-thick, 

white-weathering thrombolite bed. The top of 

this ancient microbial deposit crops out only 

70 m below the summit of Mount Everest. 

2009020535 

澳大利亚新南威尔士早二叠世晚期空谷阶 

Wandrawandian 粉砂岩的岩石地层 —— 是 

冰川作用的记录吗 = Lithostratigraphy of 

the late Early Permian (Kungurian) 

Wandrawandian Siltstone, New South Wales: 

record of glaciation. ( 英文 ). Thomas S G; 

Fielding C R; Frank T D. Australian Journal 

of Earth Sciences, 2007, 54(8): 1057-1071 

The late Early Permian (273-271 Ma) 

Wandrawandian Siltstone in the southern 

Sydney Basin of New South Wales represents 

a marine highstand that can be correlated over 

2000 km. A mainly fine-grained terrigenous 

clastic succession, the Wandrawandian 

Siltstone contains evidence for cold, possibly 

glacial conditions based on the presence of 

outsized clasts and glendonites, mineral 

pseudomorphs after ikaite, a mineral that 

forms in cold (0-7 degrees C) marine 

sediments. A lithostratigraphic and facies 

analysis of the unit was conducted, based on 

extensive coastal outcrops and continuous 

drillcores, Eight facies associations were 

identified: (i) siltstone: (ii) siltstone with 

minor interbedded sandstone (iii) interbedded 

tabular sandstone and siltstone; (iv) admixed 

sandstone and siltstone to medium-grained 

sandstone; (v) discrete, discontinuous 

sandstone intervals (vi) chaotic conglomerate 

and sandstone in large channel forms; (vii) 

chaotically bedded and pervasively softsediment-deformed 

intervals; and (viii) 

tuffaceous siltstone and claystone. Using 

lithology and ichnology, relative water depths 

were ascribed to each facies association. 

Based on these associations, the unit was 

divided into five informal members that reveal 

a history of significant relative sea-level 

fluctuations throughout the formation: 

member 1, interbedded/admixed sandstone 

and siltstone: member II, siltstone; member III, 

slumped masses of members I and II member 

IV, siltstone and erosionally based lensoid 

sandstone beds and channel bodies; and 

member V, interbedded/admixed sandstone 

and siltstone with abundant tuffs. Member I 

marks an initial marine transgression from 

shoreface to offshore depths. Member II 

records the maximum water depth of the shelf. 

Member III is interpreted to be a slump sheets 

plausible mechanisms for its emplacement 

include seismicity produced by tectonism or 

glocio-isostatic rebound, changes in porewater 

pressures due to sea-level fluctuations, 

or an increase in sedimentation rates, 

Members IV and V record minor fluctuations 

in depositional environments from offshore to 

shoreface water depths. Member IV includes 

regionally extensive, large channel bodies, 

with composite fills that are interpreted as 

storm-influenced mass-flow deposits. Member 

V includes a greater abundance of volcanic 

ash. Glacial controls (isostasy, eustasy) and 

tectonic affects may have worked in concert to 

produce the changes in depositional 

environments observed in the Wandrawandian 

Siltstone 

2009020536 

澳大利亚新南威尔士南部沿海和邻近维多 

利亚地区泥盆纪地层、脊椎动物群和时代 

控制 = Devonian formations, vertebrate 

faunas and age control on the far south coast 

of New South Wales and adjacent Victoria. 

( 英文 ). Young G C. Australian Journal of 


A diverse fossil vertebrate record in the 

Devonian of coastal southeastern Australia 

includes at least 30 genera and species 

representing all three major groups of extant 

jawed vertebrates (bony and cartilaginous 

fishes, and tetrapods), and both extinct groups 

(placoderm and acanthodian fishes). A bone 

recorded by W. B. Clarke in 1860 from 

Twofold Bay is the first published record of a 

Devonian vertebrate from the Southern 

Hemisphere. Abundant plant remains at some 

localities include large impressions of 

arborescent lycopsids, indicating one of the 

earliest forest environments for the Gondwana 

supercontinent. An early terrestrial 

invertebrate fauna is evidenced by fossil 

169

millipede remains. A review of the evidence 

for age control using paleontology and 

isotopic dating suggests that the lower part of 

the Devonian sequence (Bunga beds, Boyd 

Volcanic Complex) may be somewhat older 

(Emsian-Eifelian) than recently proposed the 

tetrapod trackways at Genoa River in Victoria 

(lower part of the Combyingbar Formation) 

may correlate with the lowermost Twofold 

Bay Formation of the Merrimbula Group, 

which is overlain by the marine Bellbird 

Creek Formation, a manifestation of the global 

late Frasnian marine transgression and 

extinction event. Abundant placoderm remains 

at all higher fossil fish horizons in the 

overlying Worange Point Formation indicate a 

latest Devonian rather than Carboniferous age 

for the upper Merrimbula Group. 

2009020537 

瑞典中寒武世末期异常的相和古老的粪化 

石 = Anomalous facies and ancient faeces in 

the latest middle Cambrian of Sweden. ( 英文 ). 

Eriksson M E; Terfelt F. Lethaia, 2007, 40(1): 

69-84 

The middle Cambrian – Furongian 

transitional interval was a time of significant 

biotic and environmental changes. Strata of 

this age in Scania, southern Sweden, contain 

two interlayered biofacies, a normal one 

dominated by trilobites and an anomalous one 

dominated by phosphatocopines (small 

bivalved arthropods). In places these biofacies 

are separated by intervals barren of fossils. In 

a phosphatocopine facies without trilobites in 

the upper Agnostus pisiformis Zone at 

Andrarum we recovered scattered fossil 

aggregates with a homogeneous composition 

of tightly packed and stacked 

phosphatocopines. These aggregates are 

interpreted as coprolites produced by an 

undetermined predator, possibly the 

chaetognath-like protoconodont animal or 

some other soft-bodied metazoan. The socalled 

barren intervals of Scania are not 

necessarily barren of fossils, but only trilobites, 

brachiopods, and other skeletal elements with 

a calcium-carbonate composition. The 

phosphatocopine facies with coprolites in the 

uppermost part of the A. pisiformis Zone 

correlates with the trilobite mass extinction at 

the top of the Marjumiid Biomere in Laurentia 

and immediately prior to the onset of the 

Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion 

(SPICE), inferring a global shift in the oceanic 

chemistry that in Scania favoured 

phosphatocopines over the more common, 

trilobite-dominated faunas. 

2009020538 

泥盆纪单种组合 —— 贫氧沉积环境生态的 

新观察 = Devonian monospecific 

assemblages: new insights into the ecology of 

reduced-oxygen depositional settings. ( 英文 ). 

Boyer D L; Droser M L. Lethaia, 2007, 40(4): 

321-333 

Low-diversity fossil assemblages 

interpreted as representing dysaerobic 

communities are common in the Phanerozoic 

rock record, and those composed of a single 

species have particular utility for recognizing 

the lowest bottom-water oxygen levels. An 

unusually high-diversity of clades including 

three rhynchonelliform, two linguliform, and 

one bivalve species occur in monospecific 

assemblages within Middle and Upper 

Devonian black shales of New York State. 

These six taxa are interpreted to be adapted to 

extremely reduced bottom-water oxygen 

levels as inferred from detailed 

sedimentological data and their repeated 

monospecific occurrence; however these 

groups represent two distinct ecologies. Three 

of these taxa are restricted to sediments 

deposited under the lowest dysaerobic 

conditions, while the other three taxa, unlike 

other fossils characteristic of reduced-oxygen 

levels, also occur in and are even dominant in 

high-diversity assemblages. The rhynchonellid 

brachiopod Eumetabolotoechia multicostata is 

the most abundant taxon within these units 

and has a remarkable ecological range as 

dominant from the lowest dysaerobic zone to 

near-normal marine oxygen levels. These 

Devonian groups, when present in 

monospecific assemblages, have utility for 

characterizing the lowest dysaerobic zone 

where trace fossil assemblages, most 

commonly used to describe these low-oxygen 

depositional settings, are absent or poorly 

developed. 

中生界 

2009020539 

鲁西上虞辉长闪长岩成因论 : 地质年代学 

和地球化学证据 = Petrogenesis of Shangyu 

gabbro-diorites in western Shandong: 

Geochronological and geochemical evidence. 

( 英文 ). Yang Chenghai; Xu Wenliang; Yang 

Debin; Wang Wei; Wang Weide; Liu Jinmin. 


Sciences, 2008, 51(4): 481-492 

170

Chronology and geochemistry of the 

Shangyu gabbro-diorite in western Shandong 

were studied to understand their petrogenesis 

and the nature of the Mesozoic lithospheric 

mantle. The Shangyu intrusion is mainly 

composed of a suite of gabbro-diorite. Zircons 

from the intrusion display euhedral-subhedral 

in shape and have high Th/U ratios (1.23– 

2.87), implying their magmatic origin. LA- 

ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results for two 

samples indicate that they were formed in the 

Early Cretaceous, yielding weighted mean 

206Pb/238U ages of 129±1Ma and 134± 

2Ma, respectively. Except for early cumulate 

such as sample QT-19, their SiO2 and MgO 

contents range from 50.12% to 56.37% and 

from 3.52% to 6.37%, respectively. Moreover, 

the gabbro-diorites are characterized by high 

Mg (0.54 – 0.63), enrichment in Na 

(Na2O/K2O ratios more than 1), Cr (73 × 

10−6−217×10−6) and Ni (34×10−6−241× 

10−6), and intensive enrichments in light rare 

earth elements (LREEs) and large ion 

lithophile elements (LILEs) and depletion in 

high field strength elements (HFSEs). Their 

initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios and Nd(t) values range 

from 0.70962 to 0.71081 and from −16.60 to 

−13.04, respectively. Taken together with the 

Early Cretaceous high-Mg diorites and the 

mantle xenoliths from the Tietonggou and 

Jinling as well as basalts from the Fangcheng 

and Feixian, it is suggested that the primary 

magma for the Shangyu gabbro-diorites 

should be derived from the enriched 

lithospheric mantle intensively modified by 

continental crust. The Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic 

compositions for the Early Cretaceous high- 

Mg diorites in western Shandong display a 

trend of spatial variations, i.e., initial 

87Sr/86Sr, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb 

ratios decreasing and Nd(t) values increasing 

from southeast to northwest in western 

Shandong, which is consistent with the 

tectonic model that the Yangtze Craton 

subducted beneath the North China Craton 

oriented in north-west direction in the Early 

Mesozoic. 

2009020540 

阿根廷海相侏罗系 : 生物地层框架 = The 

marine Jurassic of Argentina: a 

biostratigraphic framework. ( 英文 ). Riccardi 

A C. Episodes, 2008, 31(3): 326-335 

In Argentina the best and most complete 

marine Jurassic succession is exposed between 

32 degrees and 39 degrees S, along a N-S belt 

roughly coincident with the border with Chile. 

Here all stages, except the Kimmeridgian, are 

represented by marine facies. Ammonites 

have provided a biostratigraphic framework to 

date and correlate lithostratigraphic units and 

sequences, to reconstruct the history of marine 

fill, and allow the development of other 

palaeontological and geological studies. 

Recent studies on the systematics and/or 

biostratigraphy of Andean ammonites have 

provided the basis for the presentation of a 

summary of the 45 ammonite zones of the 

Jurassic of west-central Argentina and to 

stress its significance in reconstructing the 

palaeogeographic evolution of that region. 

2009020541 

寻找侏罗系的界线和对比 : 从底部到顶部 

和从大陆架到盆地 — 第四届 IGCP 506 国 

际会议 = Searching for the boundaries and 

correlation of the Jurassic: from base to top 

and from shelf to basin-The Fourth 

International Symposium of IGCP 506. ( 英文 ). 

Wang Yongdong. Episodes, 2008, 31(3): 312- 

313 

2009020542 

太平洋 ( 科里亚克高地 ) 西北环境地区侏 

罗纪 - 白垩纪硅质 - 火山岩沉积对比 = 

Correlation of the Jurassic-Cretaceous 

siliceous-volcanogenic sediments in 

northwestern surroundings of the Pacific 

(Koryak Upland). ( 英文 ). Vishnevskaya V S; 

Filatova N I. Stratigraphy and Geological 

Correlation, 2008, 16(6): 618-638 

In distribution areas of the Pekul’neiveem 

and Chirynai formations customary 

distinguishable in the Koryak Upland, 

complicated tectonostratigraphic units are 

composed of alternating thrust sheets of 

different lithologic composition and age, 

which are juxtaposed because of widespread 

thrust faulting, as is proved by the radiolarian 

analysis. Nineteen radiolarian assemblages of 

different age are first established here in the 

Lower Jurassic-Hauterivian succession of 

siliceous-volcanogenic sediments. In the 

Lower Jurassic interval, the lower and upper 

Hettangian, lower and upper Sinemurian, and 

Pliensbachian beds are recognized. 

Paleontological characterization is also 

presented for the Aalenian (or Toarcian- 

Aalenian), upper Bajocian, lower and upper 

Bathonian, and Callovian beds of the Middle 

Jurassic. Within the Upper Jurassic, the 

Oxfordian-early Kimmeridgian, late 

171

Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian, Tithonian, and 

late Tithonian-early Berriasian radiolarian 

assemblages are distinguished. The late 

Berriasian-early Valanginian, middle-late 

Valanginian, and Hauterivian radiolarian 

assemblages are first recognized or 

compositionally revised. Radiolarians and 

lithofacies data are used to correlate the 

tectonostratigraphic units and individualize 

the jasper-alkali basaltic (lower Hettangian), 

chert-terrigenous (Hettangian-Sinemurian), 

jasper-cherty (Pliensbachian-Aalenian), jasper 

(Bajocian-Hauterivian), jasper-basaltic (upper 

Bajocian-Valanginian), Fe-Ti basaltic (upper 

Bajocian-Bathonian), tuffitejasper-basaltic 

(Bathonian-Hauterivian), and terrigenousvolcanogenic 

(Bajocian-Valanginian) 

sequences. The correlation results are 

extrapolated into other continental areas 

flanking the Pacific, i.e., to the western 

Kamchatka, northern and northwestern coastal 

areas of the Sea of Okhotsk, where the 

analogous radiolarian assemblages are 

characteristic of comparable allochthonous 

units of terrigenous-siliceous-volcanogenic 

sediments 

2009020543 

阿塞拜疆北部 Maikop 群和翼足类层的地 

层 = Stratigraphy of the Maikop Group and 

Pteropoda Beds in northern Azerbaijan. ( 英 

文 ). Popov S V; Sychevskaya E K; Akhmet’ 

ev M A. Stratigraphy and Geological 

Correlation, 2008, 16(6): 664-677 

Deepwater sections of the Maikop Group 

(Oligocene-lower Miocene) and overlying 

lower-middle Miocene sediments are studied 

near the Perekishkyul Settlement in lower 

reaches of the Sumgait River, northern 

Azerbaijan. Several lithological reference 

levels and the Spiratella (Pteropoda) Beds are 

used to correlate preliminarily these uniform 

clayey sections barren of benthic fossils. 

Based on distribution of the organicwalled and 

calcareous phytoplankton, spores, pollen and 

ichthyofossils, the sections are first subdivided 

in detail and dated. Distinguished in the 

sections are two regional levels characterizing 

distortions in the basin hydrological regime 

during the late Oligocene (level with large 

Leiosphaeridia and Pterospermella) and 

Burdigalian (level with dominant dinocysts of 

the genus Batiacasphaera), and separate 

intervals with diverse phytoplankton and 

ichthyofossils. The Tarkhanian sediments are 

marked by first-appearing oceanic 

nannoplankton with Sphenolithus 

heteromorphus and deepwater ichthyofauna 

with Vinciquerria merklini. The Karaganian is 

established at the first occurrence level of 

peculiar endemics (Sardinella karaganica W. 

Dan. and Mugil karaganicus Swich.) among 

ichthyofauna 

2009020544 

西班牙沿中白垩世西特提斯边缘的分成沙 

海发育 : 沙漠沉积和古气候意义 = Aeolian 

sand sea development along the mid- 

Cretaceous western Tethyan margin (Spain): 

erg sedimentology and palaeoclimate 

implications. ( 英文 ). Rodríguez-López J P; 

Mel é ndez N; De Boer P L; Soria A R. 


The existence of a mid-Cretaceous erg 

system along the western Tethyan margin 

(Iberian Basin, Spain) was recently 

demonstrated based on the occurrence of 

wind-blown desert sands in coeval shallow 

marine deposits. Here, the first direct evidence 

of this mid-Cretaceous erg in Europe is 

presented and the palaeoclimate and 

palaeoceanographic implications are discussed. 

The aeolian sand sea extended over an area of 

4600 km 2 . Compound crescentic dunes, linear 

draa and complex aeolian dunes, sand sheets, 

wet, dry and evaporitic interdunes, sabkha 

deposits and coeval extradune lagoonal 

deposits form the main architectural elements 

of this desert system that was located in a subtropical 

arid belt along the western Tethyan 

margin. Sub-critically climbing translatent 

strata, grain flow and grain fall deposits, pinstripe 

lamination, lee side dune wind ripples, 

soft-sediment deformations, vertebrate tracks, 

biogenic traces, tubes and wood fragments are 

some of the small-scale structures and 

components observed in the aeolian dune 

sandstones. At the boundary between the 

aeolian sand sea and the marine realm, 

intertonguing of aeolian deposits and marine 

facies occurs. Massive sandstone units were 

laid down by mass flow events that reworked 

aeolian dune sands during flooding events. 

The cyclic occurrence of soft sediment 

deformation is ascribed to intermittent (marine) 

flooding of aeolian dunes and associated rise 

in the water table. The aeolian erg system 

developed in an active extensional tectonic 

setting that favoured its preservation. Because 

of the close proximity of the marine realm, the 

water table was high and contributed to the 

preservation of the aeolian facies. 

2009020545 

172

从海洋碳酸盐的研究看重庆中梁山自晚二 

叠世至早三叠世海水中锶同位素合成物的 

演化 = Evolution of strontium isotopic 

composition of seawater from Late Permian to 

Early Triassic based on study of marine 

carbonates, Zhongliang Mountain, Chongqing, 

China. ( 英文 ). Huang Sijing; Qing Hairuo; 

Huang Peipei; Hu Zuowei; Wang Qingdong; 

Zou Mingliang; Liu Haonian. Science in 


528-539 

Collected from a Late Permian to Early 

Triassic sedimentary section in the Zhongliang 

Mountain of Chongqing, Southwest China, 

sixty marine carbonate samples were 

measured for the 87Sr/86Sr ratios, and 

corresponding evolution curve was 

constructed. The concentrations of SiO2, CaO, 

MgO, Mn and Sr are used to evaluate 

reservation of strontium isotopic composition 

for original seawater and the credibility of the 

dissolution method for sample preparation. 

The results show that most of the samples 

(except seven samples with the Mn/Sr ratios 

higher than 2) contain the original 

geochemistry signatures of ancient seawater. 

Compared to the published 87Sr/86Sr ratios 

from the Late Permian to Early Triassic, our 

database reported here is the largest and the 

curve constructed is the most complete. The 

strontium isotopic curve from Late Permian to 

Early Triassic is consistent globally and 

exhibits a general trend of steady increase 

during this period. The minimum of 87Sr/86Sr 

ratios (0.707011) occurs in the Late Permian 

(30 m in thickness below the Permian-Triassic 

boundary), and the maximum (0.708281), near 

the Early-Middle Triassic boundary. The lack 

of land plants and the rapid continental 

weathering result in the increase of 87Sr/86Sr 

ratios during the interval. The Permian- 

Triassic boundary in Zhongliang Mountain 

Section has been accepted internationally. The 

87Sr/86Sr ratios of six samples near the 

boundary vary from 0.70714 to 0.70715 with 

an average of 0.70714, which is consistent 

with the value of 0.70715 (samples are from 

articulate brachiopod shells) from Korte et al. 

published in 2006 (within the error range in 

experiment). Accordingly, the strontium 

isotope composition in the Permian-Triassic 

boundary in this paper is of global 

significance. It can be confirmed that the 

87Sr/86Sr ratios of the seawater in the 

Permian-Triassic transition are in the range of 

0.70714–0.70715. 

2009020546 

川东华蓥山三叠纪海洋中锶同位素合成物 

的演化和全球对比 = Evolution and global 

correlation for strontium isotopic composition 

of marine Triassic from Huaying Mountains, 

eastern Sichuan, China. ( 英文 ). Hu Zuowei; 

Huang Sijing; Qing Hairuo; Wang Qingdong; 

Wang Chunmei; Gao Xiaoyong. Science in 


540-549 

Strontium isotope stratigraphy (SIS) has 

progressively become an efficient 

chemostratigraphic tool in the research and 

correlation of global geological events, such 

as global sea level fluctuations, orogeny, and 

paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes. 

In this paper, 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the Triassic 

marine carbonate rock samples from Huaying 

Mountains, eastern Sichuan are measured, and 

the corresponding Sr-isotopic curve is 

constructed, based on the fundamental 

principle of strontium isotope stratigraphy, 

analysis of rock fabric, luminescent intensity, 

chemical composition and representative 

evaluation for the coeval seawater information. 

The 87Sr/86Sr ratios show a rapid rise from 

0.70721 near the Permian-Triassic transition 

to 0.70830 at the end of Early Triassic, and 

then they decline rapidly to 0.70787 in the 

early Middle Triassic. These data are 

generally coincident with 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 

coeval seawater from previous papers, and the 

curve is also similar to other previous curves. 

This indicates that the global geological 

events are the most important controlling 

factors to the strontium isotope evolution of 

the global seawater in the Early and Middle 

Triassic. 

2009020547 

波兰东部 Lukow 地区经典中侏罗世产地的 

新研究 = New research on the classical 

Middle Jurassic locality at Lukow, eastern 

Poland. ( 英文 ). Salamon M A; Zaton M. 


/ Abhandlungen, 2008, 247(2): 129-131 

A short review of former studies on the 

famous Middle Jurassic locality Lukow in 

eastern Poland is compiled. New research 

activities on material from this locality result 

in six papers included in this volume, dealing 

with the assemblages of crinoids, starfishes, 

gastropods, dinoflagellates, and fossil wood. 

Additionally, also geochemical investigations 

are included providing data for environmental 

reconstructions and diagenesis. 

173

2009020548 

藏东南特提斯喜马拉雅层序中钕同位素组 

成 = Nd isotopic compositions of the Tethyan 

Himalayan Sequence in southeastern Tibet. 

( 英文 ). Dai Jingen; Yin An; Liu Wencan; 

Wang Chengshan. Science in China Series D: 


The Himalayan orogen consists of three 

major lithologic units that are separated by 

two major north-dipping faults: the Lesser 

Himalayan Sequence (LHS) below the Main 

Central Thrust (MCT), the Greater Himalayan 

Crystalline Complex (GHC) above the MCT, 

and the Tethyan Himalayan Sequence (THS) 

juxtaposed by the South Tibet Detachment 

fault (STD) over the GHC. Due to widespread 

metamorphism and intense deformation, 

differentiating the above three lithologic units 

is often difficult. This problem has been 

overcome by the use of Sm-Nd isotopic 

analysis. The previous studies suggested that 

the LHS can be clearly distinguished from the 

GHC and THS by their Nd isotope 

compositions. However, the lack of detailed 

and systematic Sm-Nd isotopic studies of the 

THS across the Himalaya in general has made 

differentiation of this unit from the nearby 

GHC impossible, as the two appear to share 

overlapping Nd compositions and model ages. 

To address this problem, we systematically 

sampled and analyzed Nd isotopes of the THS 

in southeastern Tibet directly north of Bhutan. 

Our study identifies two distinctive fields in a 

Nd-T DM plot. The first is defined by the 

Nd(210 Ma) values of −3.45 to −7.34 and T 

DM values of 1.15 to 1.29 Ga from a Late 

Triassic turbidite sequence, which are broadly 

similar to those obtained from the Lhasa block. 

The second field is derived from the Early 

Cretaceous meta-sedimentary rocks with 

Nd(130 Ma) values from −15.24 to −16.61 

and T DM values from 1.63 to 2.00 Ga; these 

values are similar to those obtained from the 

Greater Himalayan Crystalline Complex in 

Bhutan directly south of our sampling traverse, 

which has Nd(130 Ma) values of −10.89 to 

−16.32 and Nd model ages (T DM) of 1.73 to 

2.20 Ga. From the above observations, we 

suggest that the Late Triassic strata of the 

southeast Tibetan THS were derived from the 

Lhasa block in the north, while the Early 

Cretaceous strata of the THS were derived 

from a source similar to the High Himalayan 

Crystalline Complex or Indian craton in the 

south. Our interpretation is consistent with the 

existing palaeocurrent data and provenance 

analysis of the Late Triassic strata in 

southeastern Tibet, which indicate the 

sediments derived from a northern source. 

Thus, we suggest that the Lhasa terrane and 

the Indian craton were close to one another in 

the Late Triassic and were separated by a rift 

valley across which a large submarine fan was 

transported southward and deposited on the 

future northern margin of the Indian continent. 

2009020549 

四川盆地上三叠统须家河组致密天然气砂 

岩储层的成岩流体演化及成因机制 = 

Diagenetic fluids evolution and genetic 

mechanism of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in 

Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan 

Basin, China. ( 英文 ). Zhu Rukai; Zou 

Caineng; Zhang Nai; Wang Xuesong; Cheng 

Rong; Liu Liuhong; Zhou Chuanmin; Song 

Lihong. Science in China Series D: Earth 

Sciences, 2008, 51(9): 1340-1353 

The reservoirs of the Upper Triassic 

Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin have the 

characteristics of low compositional maturity, 

low contents of cements and medium textural 

maturity. The general physical properties of 

the reservoirs are poor, with low porosity and 

low permeability, and there are only a few 

reservoirs with medium porosity and low 

permeability in local areas. Based on the 

diagenetic mineral association, a diagenetic 

sequence of cements is established: early 

calcites (or micrite siderites) → first quartz 

overgrowth→chlorite coatings→dissolution of 

feldspars and debris → chlorite linings → 

second quartz overgrowth (quartz widen or 

filled in remain intergranular pores and 

solution pores) → dissolution → third quartz 

overgrowth (quartz filled in intergranular and 

intragranular solution pores) → intergrowth 

(ferro) calcites → dolomites → ferro (calcites) 

dolomites→later dissolution→veins of quartz 

and calcites formation. Mechanical 

compaction is the main factor in making the 

reservoirs tight in the basin, followed by the 

second and third quartz overgrowth. In a longterm 

closed system, only feldspars and some 

lithic fragments are dissolved by diagenetic 

fluids, while intergranular cements such as 

quartz and calcit are not dissolved and thus 

have little influence on the porosity of the 

Xujiahe Formation. This is the third factor that 

may have kept the sandstones of Xujiahe 

Formation tight finally. The hydrocarbon was 

extensively generated from organic materials 

after the second quartz overgrowth, and 

174

selectively entered favorable reservoirs to 

form tight sandstone gas reservoirs. 

2009020550 

四川省龙门山彭灌构造穹隆体 : 新元古代 

岩浆弧盆系的中生代剥蚀作用 = The 

Pengguan tectonic dome of Longmen 

Mountains, Sichuan Province: Mesozoic 

denudation of a Neoproterozoic magmatic arcbasin 

system. ( 英文 ). Yan Danping; Zhou 

Meifu; Wei Guoqing; Gao Jianfeng; Liu 

Shaofeng; Xu Ping; Shi Xiaoying. Science in 


1545-1559 

Neoproterozoic igneous and metamorphic 

complexes occur as tectonic domes in the 

Longmen Mountains of the western margin of 

the Yangtze Block, and are important in 

reconstructing the Rodinian supercontinent 

and constraining the timing and mechanism of 

tectonic denudational processes. The 

Pengguan dome consists of granitic intrusions 

and metamorphic rocks of the Huangshuihe 

Group and is tectonically overlain by ductilly 

deformed Sinian to Paleozoic strata. The 

plutonic intrusions consist of granites with 

abundant amphibolite enclaves. New LA-ICP- 

MS zircon U-Pb dating yielded an 

emplacement age of 809 ± 3 Ma and a 

protolith age of 844±6 Ma for the granite. 

The granitic rocks have geochemical 

signatures typical of A-type granites, 

indicating their formation under an 

extensional environment, by melting of newly 

formed tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite 

(TTG) rocks. A detachment fault, 

characterized by variable ductile shear 

deformation of S-C fabric and ESE-ward 

kinematics, separates the Pengguan dome 

from the Sinian-Paleozoic cover. 40Ar/39Ar 

dating of muscovite from the mylonite in the 

detachment fault of the dome demonstrates 

that ductile deformation occurred at ∼160 Ma. 

This study indicates the existence of a 

Neoproterozoic magmatic arc-basin system, 

which was denudated by a Jurassic middle 

crustal ductile channel flow along the 

Longmenshan thrust belt. 

2009020551 

华南下三叠统错时相及其对复原生态系统 

的意义 = Anachronistic facies in the Lower 

Triassic of South China and their implications 

to the ecosystems during the recovery time. 

( 英文 ). Zhao Xiaoming; Tong Jinnan; Yao 

Huazhou; Zhang Kexin; Chen Zq. Science in 


1646-1657 

The end-Permian mass extinction not only 

severely distressed the Paleozoic ecosystems 

but also dramatically changed the sedimentary 

systems, resulting in a peculiar Early Triassic 

ecosystem and submarine environment during 

the recovery time following the mass 

extinction. The Lower Triassic is 

characteristic of the wide occurrence of 

various distinctive sediments and related 

sedimentary structures, such as flat-pebble 

conglomerates, vermicular limestone, subtidal 

wrinkle structures, microbialite, carbonate 

seafloor fans, thin-bedded limestone and zebra 

limestone-mudstone. These sediments were 

common in the Precambrian to Early 

Ordovician marine settings, and then they 

occurred only in some extreme and unusual 

environments with the expansion of metazoan 

faunas. However, the Early Triassic witnessed 

an “anachronistic” reappearance of some 

distinctive sedimentary records in normal 

shallow marine settings. The study of these 

anachronistic facies should be of great 

importance for the understanding of the 

unique ecosystem and marine environment 

through the great Paleozoic-Mesozoic 

transition. The anachronistic facies 

characterized by vermicular limestone have 

been documented in many localities in South 

China and occur at various horizons of the 

Lower Triassic. Most types of reported 

distinctive sediments over the world have 

been observed in the Lower Triassic of South 

China. This provides an excellent opportunity 

for understanding the Early Triassic 

environment and its coevolution with the 

biotic recovery. Among the anachronistic 

facies the vermicular limestone is the most 

characteristic and common distinctive 

sediments in the Lower Triassic of South 

China but has received relatively few 

investigations. Taking it as a case study, we 

will detail the variation of vermicular 

limestone and its stratigraphic distribution in 

the Three Gorges area, Hubei Province. The 

investigation on the vermicular limestone and 

other distinctive sediments from the Lower 

Triassic of South China further indicates that 

the appearance of anachronistic facies 

immediately following the mass extinction 

and the elimination from normal shallow 

marine facies with the radiation of Mesozoic 

marine faunas imply the natural response of 

the sedimentary systems and ecosystems to 

the great Paleozoic-Mesozoic transitional 

175

events and their induced harsh environments. 

Therefore, the ups and downs of the 

anachronistic facies may act as a proxy for the 

evolution of ecosystems independent of fossil 

analyses. 

2009020552 

韩国早白垩世构造作用和硅藻类 = Early 

Cretaceous Tectonism and Diatoms in Korea. 

( 英文 ). Chang Kihong; Park Sunok. Acta 


The Early Cretaceous Sindong Group, a 

non-marine molasse, unconformably overlies 

the folded earliest Cretaceous Myogok 

Formation. The tectonism that folded the 

Jaseong Synthem including the Myogok and 

other formations is here called the Nakdong- 

Jaeryeonggang ( N-J ) tectonism. The 

Oknyeobong and Dabokni Formations are 

discussed to show that they belong to the 

Jaseong Synthem. The Dabokni Formation 

yielded fossil diatoms whose age has been 

referred as the "earliest Cretaceous" based 

on the geologically constrained age of the 

fossil-bearing deposit. The age of the N-J 

tectonism appears Barremian as it is between 

the Hauterivian Myogok Formation and the 

Aptian Sindong Group with the TPN 

( Trigonioides-Plicatounio-Nippononaia ) 

fauna. The N-J tectonism, an orogeny, quite 

deformed pre-Aptian strata in Korea, but can 

hardly find its reported equivalent in NE 

China. A revised correlation table shows that 

the Jaseong- Sindong sequence corresponds to 

the Jehol Group of China. The Sindong- 

Hayang transition was characterized by basin 

migration and dextral rotation probably caused 

by the Tan-Lu fault system in a broad sense. 

2009020553 

吉林东南部白垩纪火山事件 : 单一锆石 U- 

Pb 年代证据 = Cretaceous Volcanic Events in 

Southeastern Jilin Province, China : 

Evidence from Single Zircon U-Pb Ages. ( 英 

文 ). Chen Yuejun; Sun Chunlin; Sun Yuewu; 

Sun Wei. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2008, 82(6): 

1194-1200 

Mesozoic volcanic rocks in southeastern 

Jilin Province are an important component of 

the huge Mesozoic volcanic belt in the 

northeastern area. Study of the age of their 

formation is of great significance to recognize 

Mesozoic volcanic rule in northeastern China. 

Along with the research of rare Mesozoic 

biota and extensive Mesozoic mineralization 

in western Liaoning, a number of researchers 

have focused on Mesozoic volcanic events. 

The authors studied the ages of the Cretaceous 

volcanic rocks in southeastern Jilin Province 

using single Zircon U-Pb. The result shows 

that the Sankeyushu Formation volcanic rocks 

in the Tonghua area are 119.2 Ma in age, the 

Yingcheng Formation in the Jiutai area 113.4 

±3.1 Ma, the Jinjiatun Formation in Pinggang 

Town of Liaoyuan City and the Wufeng 

volcanic rocks in the Yanji area 103.2±4.7 

Ma and 103.6±1 Ma, respectively. Combined 

with the data of recent publication on volcanic 

rocks ages; the Cretaceous volcanic events in 

southeastern Jilin Province can be tentatively 

subdivided into three eruption periods: 119 

Ma, 113 Ma and 103 Ma. The result not only 

provides important chronology data for 

subdividing Mesozoic strata in southeastern 

Jilin Province, establishing Mesozoic volcanic 

event sequence, discussing geological tectonic 

background, and surveying the relation 

between noble metals to the Cretaceous 

volcanic rocks, but also offers important 

information of Mesozoic volcanism in 

northeastern China. 

2009020554 

鄂尔多斯盆地水中氢氧同位素 : 白垩系地 

下水盆地北部地下水补给的意义 = Oxygen 

and Hydrogen Isotopes of Waters in the Ordos 

Basin, China: Implications for Recharge of 

Groundwater in the North of Cretaceous 

Groundwater Basin. ( 英文 ). Yang Yuncheng; 

Shen Zhaoli; Weng Dongguang; Hou 

Guangcai; Zhao Zhenhong; Wang Dong; Pang 

Zhonghe. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2009, 83(1): 

103-113 

Hundreds of precipitation samples collected 

from meteorological stations in the Ordos 

Basin from January 1988 to December 2005 

were used to set up a local meteoric water line 

and to calculate weighted average isotopic 

compositions of modern precipitation. Oxygen 

and hydrogen isotopes, with averages of-7.8‰ 

and -53.0‰ for δ^18O and δD, respectively, 

are depleted in winter and rich in spring, and 

gradually decrease in summer and fall, 

illustrating that the seasonal effect is 

considerable. They also show that the isotopic 

difference between south portion and north 

portion of the Ordos Basin are not obvious, 

and the isotope in the middle portion is 

normally depleted. The isotope compositions 

of 32 samples collected from shallow 

groundwater (less than a depth of 150 m) 

in desert plateau range from -10.6‰ to -6.0‰ 

176

with an average of-8.4‰ for δ^18O and from 

-85‰ to -46‰ with an average of-63‰ for δ 

D. Most of them are identical with modern 

precipitation. The isotope compositions of 22 

middle and deep groundwaters (greater than 

a depth of 275 m) fall in ranges from -11.6 

‰ to -8.8‰ with an average of -10.2‰ for δ 

^18O and from -89 ‰ to -63 ‰ with an 

average of -76‰ for δD. The average values 

are significantly less than those of modern 

precipitation, illustrating that the middle and 

deep groundwaters were recharged at 

comparatively lower air temperatures. Primary 

analysis of ^14C shows that the recharge of 

the middle and deep groundwaters started at 

late Pleistocene. The isotopes of 13 lake water 

samples collected from eight lakes define a 

local evaporation trend, with a relatively flat 

slope of 3.77, and show that the lake waters 

were mainly fed by modern precipitation and 

shallow groundwater. 

2009020555 

埃塞俄比亚西北部高原蓝尼罗盆地的地层 

和构造演化 = Stratigraphic and structural 

evolution of the Blue Nile Basin, 

Northwestern Ethiopian Plateau. ( 英文 ). Gan 

N D S; Abdelsalam M G; Gera S; Gani M R. 

Geological Journal, 2009, 44(1): 30 - 56 

The Blue Nile Basin, situated in the 

Northwestern Ethiopian Plateau, contains 

1400 m thick Mesozoic sedimentary section 

underlain by Neoproterozoic basement rocks 

and overlain by Early-Late Oligocene and 

Quaternary volcanic rocks. This study outlines 

the stratigraphic and structural evolution of 

the Blue Nile Basin based on field and remote 

sensing studies along the Gorge of the Nile. 

The Blue Nile Basin has evolved in three main 

phases: (1) pre-sedimentation phase, include 

pre-rift peneplanation of the Neoproterozoic 

basement rocks, possibly during Palaeozoic 

time; (2) sedimentation phase from Triassic to 

Early Cretaceous, including: (a) Triassic-Early 

Jurassic fluvial sedimentation (Lower 

Sandstone, 300 m thick); (b) Early Jurassic 

marine transgression (glauconitic sandy 

mudstone, 30 m thick); (c) Early-Middle 

Jurassic deepening of the basin (Lower 

Limestone, 450 m thick); (d) desiccation of 

the basin and deposition of Early-Middle 

Jurassic gypsum; (e) Middle-Late Jurassic 

marine transgression (Upper Limestone, 

400 m thick); (f) Late Jurassic-Early 

Cretaceous basin-uplift and marine regression 

(alluvial/fluvial Upper Sandstone, 280 m 

thick); (3) the post-sedimentation phase, 

including Early-Late Oligocene eruption of 

500-2000 m thick Lower volcanic rocks, 

related to the Afar Mantle Plume and 

emplacement of 300 m thick Quaternary 

Upper volcanic rocks. The Mesozoic to 

Cenozoic units were deposited during 

extension attributed to Triassic-Cretaceous 

NE-SW-directed extension related to the 

Mesozoic rifting of Gondwana. The Blue Nile 

Basin was formed as a NW-trending rift, 

within which much of the Mesozoic clastic 

and marine sediments were deposited. This 

was followed by Late Miocene NW-SEdirected 

extension related to the Main 

Ethiopian Rift that formed NE-trending faults, 

affecting Lower volcanic rocks and the upper 

part of the Mesozoic section. The region was 

subsequently affected by Quaternary E-W and 

NNE-SSW-directed extensions related to 

oblique opening of the Main Ethiopian Rift 

and development of E-trending transverse 

faults, as well as NE-SW-directed extension in 

southern Afar (related to northeastward 

separation of the Arabian Plate from the 

African Plate) and E-W-directed extensions in 

western Afar (related to the stepping of the 

Red Sea axis into Afar). These Quaternary 

stress regimes resulted in the development of 

N-, ESE- and NW-trending extensional 

structures within the Blue Nile Basin. 

2009020556 

冀北 - 辽西土城子组 LA-ICP-MS 年代测定 

= Constraints on the age of the Tuchengzi 

Formation by LA-ICP-MS dating in northern 

Hebei-western Liaoning, China. ( 英文 ). 

Zhang Hong; Wei Zhongliang; Liu Xiaoming; 

Li Dong. Science in China Series D: Earth 

Sciences, 2009, 52(4): 461-470 

Accurately determining the age of the 

Tuchengzi Formation has direct influence on 

confirming the boundary between the Jurassic 

and the Cretaceous systems in northern Hebeiwestern 

Liaoning, and on related geological 

problems in China. However, the Tuchengzi 

Formation mainly consists of sedimentary 

rocks, with a poor fossil record and especially 

lack of index fossils. The Tuchengzi 

Formation is also lack of the type of volcanic 

rocks that can provide an isotopic age. 

Therefore, the age of the Tuchengzi Formation 

has been uncertain. Based on our systematic 

dating of the tuff interbedded in the Tuchengzi 

Formation of Chengde and Jinlingsi-Yangshan 

basins in northern Hebei-western Liaoning, 

combined with the dating results of previous 

177

esearchers, here we suggest that the age range 

of the Tuchengzi Formation in northern 

Hebei-western Liaoning is from 147 Ma to 

136 Ma. It implied that the Tuchengzi 

Formation was mainly formed in the Early 

Cretaceous. 

2009020557 

粤北早侏罗世岩浆作用 : 霞岚杂岩 

SHRIMP 锆石 U-Pb 年代测定 = The Early 

Jurassic magmatism in northern Guangdong 

Province, southeastern China: Constraints 

from SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of Xialan 

complex. ( 英文 ). Yu Xinqi; Di Yongjun; Wu 

Ganguo; Zhang Da; Zheng Yong; Dai Yanpei. 


Sciences, 2009, 52(4): 471-483 

This paper reports SHRIMP zircon U-Pb 

ages of 196±2 Ma for granite, and 195±1 

Ma for gabbro from the Xialan complex in the 

Meizhou area, northern Guangdong Province. 

These results shed new light on the calm stage 

of magmatic activity in southeastern China 

during 200–180 Ma, and revealed that the 

back-arc extension induced by the subduction 

of the western Pacific plate may have begun at 

195 Ma at least. Field observation on the fresh 

outcrops allows us to recognize some features 

formed by magma mixing. A part of the 

gabbro has a fine-grained rim of 20–30 cm at 

the margin, and thins gradually toward the 

granite; numerous dark fine-grained to 

microcrystalline dioritic enclaves developed in 

the granite. These enclaves vary in shape and 

size, dark minerals concentrated at the margin 

of enclaves, and the contact between enclaves 

and host rock is either obvious or obscure, or 

gradational. In addition, needle-shaped 

apatites are included in the enclaves. The REE 

patterns of gabbros, as well as the trace 

element patterns, are generally consistent with 

those of granitic rocks. The above characters 

further suggest that in the Early Jurassic the 

injection of basic magma had melted deep 

continental crust and produced acidic magma, 

and the Xialan complex was produced by the 

mixing of them. 

2009020558 

龙门山断裂带中生代和新生代的构造演化 

= Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic evolution 

of the Longmenshan fault belt. ( 英文 ). Wang 

Erchie; Meng Qingren. Science in China 


592 

The giant earthquake (M s=8.0) in 

Wenchuan on May 12, 2008 was triggered by 

oblique convergence between the Tibetan 

Plateau and the South China along the 

Longmenshan fault belt. The Longmenshan 

fault belt marks an important component of 

the tectonic and geomorphological boundary 

between the eastern and western part of China 

and has a protracted tectonic history. It was 

first formed as an intracontinental transfer 

fault, patitioning the differential deformation 

between the Pacific and Tethys tectonic 

domains, initiated in late Paleozoic-early 

Mesozoic time, then served as the eastern 

boundary of the Tibetan Plateau to 

accommodate the growth of the plateau in 

Cenozoic. Its current geological and 

geomorphological frameworks are the result 

of superimposition of these two tectonic 

events. In Late Triassic, the Longmenshan 

underwent left-slip oblique NW-SE shortening 

due to the clockwise rotation of the Yangtze 

Block, which led to the flexural subsidence of 

the Sichuan foreland basin, but after that, the 

subsidence of the Sichuan Basin seems no 

longer controlled by the tectonic activity of 

the Longmenshan fault belt. The Meosozoic 

tectonic evolution of the Songpan-Ganzi fold 

belt differs significantly compared with that of 

the Yangtze Platform, featured by intensive 

northeast and southwest shortening and 

resulted in the close of the Paleo-Tethys. 

Aerial photos taken immediately after main 

shock of the giant May 12, 2008 earthquake 

have documented extensive rock fall and 

landslides that represent one of the most 

destructive aspects of the earthquake. Both 

rock avalanches and landslides delivered a 

huge volume of debris into the middle part of 

the Minjiang River, and formed many 

dammed lakes. Breaching of these natural 

dams can be catastrophic, as occurred in the 

Diexi area along the upstream of the Minjiang 

River in the year of 1933 that led to 

devastating floodings. The resultant flood 

following the breaching of these dams flowed 

through and out of the Longmenshan belt into 

the Chengdu Plain, bringing a huge volume of 

sediments. The oldest alluvial deposits within 

the Chengdu Plain are estimated to be Late 

Miocene (8–13 Ma). We suggest that the 

flooding that transported the course-grained 

sediments into the Chengdu Plain occurred in 

late Cenozoic, resulted from both the climate 

and the historical earthquakes similar to the 

May 12 earthquake. Estimated age of the 

sediments related to earthquakes and coeval 

178

shortening across the Chengdu Plain indicate 

that the eastern margin of the plateau became 

seismically and tectonically active in Late 

Miocene. 

2009020559 

蒙古南部乌兰努尔盆地上白垩统 

Djadokhta 组的岩石地层和沉积环境及其 

古气候意义 = Lithostratigraphy and 

depositional environments of the Upper 

Cretaceous Djadokhta Formation, Ulan Nuur 

basin, southern Mongolia, and its 

paleoclimatic implication. ( 英文 ). Hasegawa 

H; Tada R; Ichinnorov N; Minjin C. Journal 

of Asian Earth Sciences, 2009, 35(1): 13-26 

Non-marine Upper Cretaceous strata are 

widely distributed in the Gobi basin of 

southern Mongolia and record marked 

paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic changes. 

The climate in this region is considered to 

have changed from humid during the 

Cenomanian to Santonian, to semi-arid during 

the Campanian, and returned to humid during 

the early Maastrichtian. The change from 

humid to semi-arid climate is well recorded in 

the “ Djadokhta Formation ” (as former 

division) in the Ulan Nuur basin of the central 

Gobi basin. In previous studies, the Djadokhta 

Formation was formally regarded as being 

characterized by eolian deposits formed under 

a semi-arid climate. However, the present 

study revealed that this formation comprises 

sub-humid fluvial lithofacies in the lower part 

and semi-arid eolian lithofacies in the upper 

part. Since the Djadokhta Formation was 

initially defined as a succession characterized 

by eolian lithofacies, it is proposed here that 

the lower part showing fluvial lithofacies 

should be separated from the “ Djadokhta 

Formation ” and is newly named as the 

Alagteeg Formation. The Alagteeg Formation 

is characterized by alternating beds of 

horizontally-bedded sandstone and mudstone, 

indicating sandy braided river, flood-plain, 

and ephemeral lake environments under subhumid 

climate. The Djadokhta Formation 

(revised division) is further subdivided into 

two parts. The lower part is composed of 

large-scale cross-stratified sandstone, in situ 

and reworked calcretes, and thick mudstone 

lens, suggesting desert environments of broad 

sand dune fields with few inter-dune 

ephemeral river and pond deposits under 

semi-arid climate. On the other hand, the 

upper part comprises structureless sandstone 

with mature in situ calcretes, exotic pebbly 

sandstone and large-sized burrows. These 

lithofacies imply steppe environments with 

calcic soil development under semi-arid 

climate. This change from sub-humid to semiarid 

climate during the Campanian is recorded 

not only in the Ulan Nuur basin but also in 

other regions of southern Mongolia as well as 

northern China. Hence, the broad aridification 

in the mid-latitudes of the Asian interior 

during the Campanian is inferred 

2009020560 

深海中大量红藻可能是柴达木盆地北缘侏 

罗系泥质烃源岩的生物前身 = Benthic 

macro red alga: A new possible bio-precursor 

of Jurassic mudstone source rocks in the 

northern Qaidam Basin, northwestern China. 

( 英文 ). Cao Jian; Bian Lizeng; Hu Kai; Liu 

Yuntian; Wang Liqun; Yang Shaoyong; Chen 

Yan; Peng Xiaoqun. Science in China Series 


Whether benthic macroalga can be an 

important type of bio-precursor of source 

rocks is a contentious issue in source-rock 

studies, and has not been well understood. 

This paper represents a case study of Jurassic 

mudstone source rocks from the northern 

Qaidam Basin, northwestern China, in which 

the benthic macro red algae were recognized 

for the first time based on combined organic 

petrological and biomarker works. We found 

not only cystocarps in the algae, representative 

of rhodophyta, but also diahopanes, which are 

diagnostic biomarkers of such algae. Thus, as 

many reservoired oils in the northern Qaidam 

Basin contain abundant diahopanes, it may 

indicate that the red algae have contributed to 

hydrocarbon accumulation. This was 

confirmed by integrated geological and 

geochemical analyses. Hence, this study 

provides new evidence for macroalgagenerated 

hydrocarbons. 

新生界 

2009020561 

评价土壤相和动物群组成的关系 : 对古新 

世 - 始新世之交动物群演替的指示意义 = 

Evaluating the relationship between 

pedofacies and faunal composition: 

Implications for faunal turnover at the 

Paleocene–Eocene Boundary. ( 英文 ). Clyde 

W C; Finarelli J A; Christensen K E. 

Palaios, 2005, 20(4): 390–399 

Fossil vertebrates commonly are preserved 

in paleosols that originally formed on the 

floodplains of ancient rivers. Laterally 

179

adjacent paleosols that differ in terms of their 

chemistry and morphology due to geological 

and environmental gradients on the ancient 

floodplain are called pedofacies. Vertebrate 

fossil assemblages from the Willwood 

Formation (Bighorn Basin, Wyoming) are 

investigated to determine if there is a 

relationship between faunal composition and 

pedofacies. This question is particularly 

important for the Willwood Formation 

because it records dramatic temporal changes 

in both faunal composition and pedofacies 

across the Paleocene–Eocene boundary—an 

interval marked by pronounced global 

warming. To understand the underlying causes 

of these temporal patterns, it is important to 

know the degree to which pedofacies and 

faunal composition are linked. Two separate 

analyses are conducted to investigate the 

relationship between pedofacies and faunal 

composition. Analysis 1 evaluates faunal 

compositions of established localities that are 

stratigraphically adjacent but characterized by 

different mean pedofacies. Results indicate 

that faunal compositions of these localities are 

not related to pedofacies but instead 

correspond to differences in the estimated 

body masses of the taxa. Results of Analysis 2, 

which evaluates new paleosol-specific 

collections from the same stratigraphic 

interval, indicate that different pedofacies are 

characterized by nearly identical faunas. The 

only exception is lizards, which are 

significantly more abundant in mature 

paleosols. Environmental gradients on the 

ancient floodplain seem to have exerted very 

little control on faunal composition at this 

spatial scale, but size sorting may have been 

an important taphonomic process in these 

Willwood collections. 

2009020562 

加拿大英属哥伦比亚 Effingham 湾晚全新 

世层状地层的季节性沉积和硅藻记录 = 

Seasonal sediment and diatom record from 

Late Holocene laminated sediments, 

Effingham Inlet, British Columbia, Canada. 

( 英文 ). Chang A S; Patterson R T; Mcneely R. 

Palaios, 2003, 18(6): 477–494 

Laminated diatomaceous sediments from 

Effingham Inlet, British Columbia, are 

described and classified in this study. 

Analyses were made from ten 15-cm long 

sediment slabs, spanning the last 5500 years, 

and 52 thin sections from which 408 

sedimentary couplets were identified. 

Microfossil analysis and radiocarbon dating of 

the sediments reveal that the laminae are 

annually deposited (i.e., varves), with couplets 

containing a terrigenous and diatomaceous 

lamina pair. Terrigenous laminae, averaging 

0.56 mm in thickness, consist of silt, organic 

debris, and robust diatoms, and are deposited 

during the winter months. Diatomaceous 

laminae, with a mean thickness of 1.85 mm, 

can be divided into three component laminae 

of differing compositions that reflect changing 

seasonal conditions during the spring, summer, 

and autumn months. This seasonal succession 

is seen in 76% of the couplets examined, 

recurring year after year with variations in 

couplet thickness and species occurrence. 

Couplets lacking the succession may represent 

deposition during periods of low diatom 

production or years with low seasonality (e.g., 

El Niño). Variability in couplet styles 

corroborates climate trends derived from 

pollen and Neoglacial studies. Sediments 

older than 4000 yr BP (calibrated radiocarbon 

dates) contain couplets with a distinct annual 

succession, and are interpreted to have been 

deposited during conditions that were warmer 

than today. Sediments deposited between 

2000 to 4000 yr BP also contain couplets with 

an annual succession, but the laminated 

intervals are interrupted by brief nonlaminated 

intervals. The sediments were likely deposited 

during cooler and wetter conditions than today. 

Sediments younger than 2000 yr BP were 

deposited during modern conditions. This 

study illustrates the effective utility of an ultra 

high-resolution analysis of laminated sediment 

records, once proxy indicators are defined, 

and is important for understanding post-glacial 

climate evolution along the coast of British 

Columbia and throughout the northeast Pacific 

Ocean during the late Holocene. 

2009020563 

近 6 万年来南非热带稀树草原生物群花粉 

和其它区域性记录的有关植被和气候协调 

性的解释 = Reconciliation of vegetation and 

climatic interpretations of pollen profiles and 

other regional records from the last 60 

thousand years in the Savanna Biome of 

Southern Africa. ( 英文 ). Scott L; Holmgren K; 

Partridge T C. , 2008, 257(1-2): 198-206 

Long environmental proxy records are very 

scarce in semi-dry continental areas and often 

those available present conflicting 

interpretations. However, more in-depth 

investigation of apparent contradictions, can 

address these problems. For example, 

comparison of the upper parts of pollen and 

180

sediment sequences from the Tswaing Crater 

and Wonderkrater spring (South Africa) and 

isotopes in a speleothem at Lobatse Cave 

(Botswana) from the Savanna Biome 

establishes a basis for understanding of longterm 

regional environmental processes in 

central Southern Africa over the last 60 ka. 

The different proxies for the vegetation can 

hypothetically be reconciled on condition that 

the chronologies on which they are based and 

environmental controls are firm. We discuss 

the ratio of woody elements, under-storey 

herb-cover and the vegetation's general C 4 /C 3 

status in the central savanna region, in relation 

to seasonal rainfall and temperature variations 

and long-term climate forcing. 

2009020564 

加拿大北极地区穿过一个区域性晚新生代 

不整合的层序地层、生物群变化、 

87Sr/86Sr 纪录、古气候历史和沉积率变化 

= Sequence stratigraphy, biotic change, 

87Sr/86Sr record, paleoclimatic history, and 

sedimentation rate change across a regional 

late Cenozoic unconformity in Arctic Canada. 

( 英文 ). McNeil D H; Duk-Rodkin A; Dixon J; 

Dietrich J R; White J M; Miller KG; Issler D 

R. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2001, 

38(2): 309-331 

Eustasy, tectonics, and climate contributed 

to a remarkable Miocene–Pliocene regional 

unconformity in the Beaufort – Mackenzie 

area of Arctic Canada. The unconformity 

extends from beneath deep basin turbidites on 

the continental rise, upslope across an 

erosional paleocontinental shelf, onto the 

cratonic margin as a regional paleosurface 

(peneplain) in the Mackenzie Delta area, and 

into pediment surfaces cut into the orogenic 

highlands of the Richardson Mountains. The 

unconformity was initiated by shelf exposure 

during latest Messinian or earliest Pliocene 

eustatic lowstand and was accentuated by 

tectonic uplift from the culmination of a major 

Late Miocene compressional pulse on the 

basin margin. Palynomorph, benthic 

foraminiferal, strontium isotopic, 

paleomagnetic, and radiometric data document 

the climatic and chronological events 

surrounding the unconformity. A widespread 

hardground (K-59 limestone) occurs at the 

unconformity and caps the Late Miocene 

Akpak Sequence. The hardground yields the 

benthic foraminifera Cibicides grossus, a 

regional marker in the Arctic Pliocene, and the 

bryozoan Adeonella sp. aff. A. polystomella, 

previously known from temperate North 

Atlantic environments. The 87 Sr/ 86 Sr data and 

new biostrati gra phic data indicate that the C. 

grossus Zone in the Beaufort – Mackenzie 

area may be younger than previously 

estimated, ranging into the earliest Pleistocene. 

Late Miocene regional uplift across the 

cratonic margin, coupled with eustatic 

lowstand followed by Early Pliocene tectonic 

quiescence and dry cool climatic conditions, 

combined to produce widespread erosion 

(pediments and peneplanation). Rapid erosion 

contributed to the >4 km-thick, Pliocene – 

Pleistocene Iperk Sequence and a 23-fold 

increase in sedimentation rates relative to the 

Early and Middle Miocene. 

2009020565 

加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚中部尼查科高原 

Ootsa 湖 - Cheslatta 河地区第四纪地层和历 

史 = Quaternary stratigraphy and history of 

the Ootsa Lake - Cheslatta River area, 

Nechako Plateau, central British Columbia. 

( 英文 ). Mate D J; Levson V M. Canadian 


765 

Erosion along the Nechako Reservoir and 

Cheslatta River Spillway has resulted in 

unusually well-exposed late Quaternary and 

Holocene stratigraphy. Surficial sediments in 

the study area are mostly products of Late 

Wisconsinan glaciation. However, evidence 

for pre-Late Wisconsinan sedimentation has 

been found along the shores of the Nechako 

Reservoir, including till of an older glaciation 

and organic-bearing, blue-grey, lacustrine 

sediments of probable Middle Wisconsinan 

age. Stratigraphic correlation of the lake 

sediments suggests that an extensive lake 

system occurred in the region during the 

Olympia Nonglacial Interval. Late 

Wisconsinan ice initially moved along major 

valleys, with glaciofluvial outwash deposited 

in front of the advancing ice. Advance-phase 

glaciolacustrine sediments are rare but 

significant, as slope failures are spatially 

associated with areas where they are preserved. 

The distribution of these sediments and 

associated deltaic deposits indicates that 

advance-phase glacial lakes occurred up to 

approximately 855 m asl, at least several 

metres above the modern reservoir level. 

Sediments deposited in front of the ice margin 

were overridden during ice advance and are 

best preserved in large valleys. At the glacial 

maximum, ice flowed northeasterly 

throughout the study region. Crag and tails, 

flutings, and drumlinoid ridges with a 

181

generally consistent northeast trend are the 

dominant landforms. Till is the most common 

Pleistocene surficial sediment, covering 

approximately 80% of the area; large areas of 

exposed bedrock are rare. Late-glacial 

glaciofluvial and Holocene fluvial deposits are 

uncommon and occur mainly along the 

Cheslatta River valley. 









































2009020566 

加拿大萨斯喀彻温萨斯卡通南部下萨斯卡 

通晚威斯康星期盐陷构造和地层更新 = 

Stratigraphy and structure of a Late 

Wisconsinan salt collapse in the Saskatoon 

Low, south of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 

Canada: an update. ( 英文 ). Christiansen E A; 

Sauer E K. Canadian Journal of Earth 

Sciences, 2001, 38(11): 1601-1613 

The Saskatoon Low is a collapse structure 

that formed as a result of dissolution of salt 

from the Middle Devonian Prairie Evaporite 

Formation. In this study, the collapse has 

affected the Upper Cretaceous Lea Park, 

Judith River, and Bearpaw formations of the 

Montana Group; the Early and Middle 

Pleistocene Mennon, Dundurn, and Warman 

formations of the Sutherland Group; and the 

Late Pleistocene Floral, Battleford, and 

Haultain formations of the Saskatoon Group. 

Locally, the collapse is about 180 m, which is 

about equal to the thickness of the salt. The 

first phase of collapse took place after 

deposition of the Ardkenneth Member of the 

Bearpaw Formation and before glaciation or 

during a pre-Illinoian glaciation. The second 

phase of collapse occurred during the 

Battleford glaciation (Late Wisconsinan). 

Prior to deposition of the Battleford Formation, 

the Saskatoon Low was glacially eroded, 

removing the Sutherland Group and the Floral 

Formation. After the glacial erosion, up to 110 

m of soft till of the Battleford Formation and 

up to 77 m of deltaic sand, silt, and clay of the 

Haultain Formation were deposited in the 

Saskatoon Low. Lastly, the South 

Saskatchewan River eroded up to about 40 m 

into the deltaic sediment and tills before up to 

about 15 m of Pike Lake Formation was 

deposited. The Haultain and Pike Lake 

formations are new stratigraphic units. 

2009020567 

对地中海渐新世 - 中新世海水表面温度的估 

计 : 一种基于珊瑚类群丰富度的方法 = 

Estimating Mediterranean Oligocene – 

Miocene sea-surface temperatures: An 

approach based on coral taxonomic richness. 

( 英文 ). Bosellini F R; Perrin C. 


Palaeoecology, 2008, 258(1-2): 71-88 

During the Oligocene and Miocene, 

shallow-water carbonates of the 

Mediterranean region were rich in 

scleractinian corals thriving within various 

depositional settings, including different reef 

types. Their diversity patterns, although 

related to a complex interplay between a suite 

of environmental factors and 

palaeobiogeography, are considered to be 

strongly controlled by climate variability and 

changes in sea-surface water temperature. 

By using the quantitative relationship between 

present-day coral taxonomic richness and 

182

prevailing sea-water temperature, underlined 

by the so-called “energy hypothesis”, we 

test zooxanthellate-coral generic richness 

values from a selection of 102 Oligocene– 

Miocene localities of the Mediterranean 

region as a proxy for relative 

palaeotemperatures. 

For each Oligocene – Miocene stage, 

generic richness values per z-coral site are 

firstly examined, together with variations of 

the Mediterranean z-coral generic pool. For 

better testing the method and assessing its 

potential application, patterns of generic 

richness and inferred palaeotemperatures are 

then compared with global palaeoclimatic 

curves based on marine oxygen stable isotopes 

data or other climate proxies, such as 

palaeoclimatic records from European 

continental floras and from fossil coral linear 

extension rate. 

Results clearly show that fluctuations of coral 

richness-derived palaeotemperatures 

correspond relatively well with global changes 

of sea-water temperature especially for the 

entire Oligocene, the Chattian – Aquitanian 

boundary and the Late Miocene. The well 

known Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum, 

however, is not recorded, suggesting that 

regional factors, acting together with 

important palaeogeographical changes, 

exerted a strong control on the generic 

richness of Mediterranean z-coral 

communities. 

A remarkable decline of taxonomic richness 

is recorded after the Burdigalian, together with 

a gradual decrease of palaeotemperatures in 

the region. From the Middle Miocene onwards 

to the Messinian, however, an increase in the 

temperature range of z-coral localities is 

clearly visible, indicating that z-coral 

communities were able to thrive and adapt to a 

wider temperature range, as the Mediterranean 

was gradually migrating northwards, outside 

the tropical belt. 

The “ energy hypothesis ” , if used at 

global or regional scale, can be considered a 

promising and reliable method for estimating 

Cenozoic palaeotemperatures, from coral or 

other suitable fossil assemblages of shallowwater 

carbonates. 

2009020568 

德弗里斯太阳周期 (~200 年 ) 对气候变 

化的影响 : 来自中亚山脉的结果及其全球 

关联 = The influence of the de Vries (~200- 

year) solar cycle on climate variations: Results 

from the Central Asian Mountains and their 

global link. ( 英文 ). Raspopova O M; 

Dergachevb V A; Esperc J; Kozyrevad O V; 

Frankc D; Ogurtsovb M; Kolströme T; Shao X. 


Palaeoecology, 2008, 259(1): 6-16 

Long-term climatic changes related to solar 

forcing were examined using millenniumscale 

palaeoclimatic reconstructions from the 

Central Asian mountain region, i.e. summer 

temperature records for the Tien Shan 

mountains and precipitation records for the 

Tibetan Plateau. The reconstructions were 

based on juniper tree-ring width records, i.e. 

Juniperus turkestanica for the Tien Shan and 

Sabina przewalskii for the Tibetan Plateau. 

The data were processed using spectral and 

wavelet analysis and filtered in the frequency 

range related to major solar activity 

periodicities. The results obtained for various 

tree-ring chronologies indicate palaeoclimatic 

oscillations in the range of the de Vries ( 210- 

year) solar cycles through the last millennium. 

The quasi-200-year variations revealed in the 

palaeoclimatic reconstructions correlate well 

(R 2 = 0.58 – 0.94) with solar activity 

variations (Δ 14 C variations). The quasi-200- 

year climatic variations have also been 

detected in climate-linked processes in Asia, 

Europe, North and South America, Australia, 

and the Arctic and Antarctica. The results 

obtained point to a pronounced influence of 

solar activity on global climatic processes. 

Analysis has shown that climate response to 

the long-term global solar forcing has a 

regional character. An appreciable delay in the 

climate response to the solar signal can occur 

(up to 150 years). In addition, the sign of the 

climate response can differ from the solar 

signal sign. The climate response to long-term 

solar activity variations (from 10s to 1000s 

years) manifests itself in different climatic 

parameters, such as temperature, precipitation 

and atmospheric and oceanic circulation. The 

climate response to the de Vries cycle has 

been found to occur not only during the last 

millennia but also in earlier epochs, up to 

hundreds of millions years ago. 

2009020569 

苏格兰一高山湖现代生态变化 : 一个基于 

枝角类估计的温度转换函数 = Recent 

ecological change in a remote Scottish 

mountain loch: An evaluation of a Cladocerabased 

temperature transfer-function. ( 英文 ). 

Kattel G R; Battarbee R W; Mackay A W; 

Birks H J. Palaeogeography 

183

Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 2008, 

259(1): 51-76 

Recent ecological changes in a small 

Scottish mountain loch, Loch Coire 

Fionnaraich (LCFR), were inferred using 

Cladocera analysis and an application of a 

Cladocera-based temperature transfer-function 

approach. Modern assemblages of Cladocera 

from 68 mountain lakes in Scotland and 

Norway were used to derive the transfer 

function. Among 21 measured environmental 

variables, mean summer lake surface-water 

temperature (LSWT) accounted for the highest 

(8%) variation in a redundancy analysis of the 

modern data. A quantitative inference model 

(r 2 = 0.72, RMSEP = 1.81 ° C) for summer 

LSWT was developed using linear partial least 

squares regression and calibration. The 

resulting reconstructed summer LSWT at 

LCFR was compared with local instrumental 

air-temperature records over the last 20 yr and 

the Central England Temperature (CET) series 

over the last 110 yr. The reconstruction 

showed a broadly similar pattern to the local 

instrumental temperature records. However, 

the relationship between the longer CET series 

and reconstructed summer LSWT was poor 

suggesting that the site was relatively 

insensitive to temperature changes prior to the 

recent warming of the last few decades. Clear 

changes in Cladoceran species diversity and 

relative abundance of littoral taxa coincident 

with the most recent period of climate 

warming recorded both locally and in the CET 

suggest that Cladocera do respond to climate 

change. However, their response to 

temperature is complex and indirect. The 

underlying mechanism leading to change in 

Cladocera assemblages may involve changes 

in trophic status and habitat availability of the 

system. It is concluded that understanding 

other factors such as atmospheric pollution, 

controls of community dynamics of Cladocera 

and the overall ecological complexity of 

mountain lakes is required before any reliance 

can be placed on a Cladocera-temperature 

transfer-function for reconstructing climatic 

change. 

2009020570 

意大利西西里东南部和马耳他渐新世最晚 

期至晚中新世早期富磷酸盐沉积物的地层 

和沉积学 = Stratigraphy and sedimentology 

of phosphate-rich sediments in Malta and 

south-eastern Sicily (latest Oligocene to early 

Late Miocene). ( 英文 ). Föllmi K B; Gertsch B; 

Renevey J-P; De Kaenel E; Stille P. 


The Maltese archipelago and south-eastern 

Sicily include an Uppermost Oligocene to 

Upper Miocene hemipelagic sedimentary 

succession representing the Malta-Hyblean 

plateau, which limits the eastern 

Mediterranean to the west. This succession 

hosts a unique and well-exposed series of 

condensed and allochthonous phosphate-rich 

beds, which were formed in a sedimentary 

regime of erosion, sediment reworking and 

frequent gravity-flow deposition. The 

combination of nannofossil biostratigraphy 

and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotope stratigraphy allows for 

the precise attribution of ages to the phosphate 

deposits and for the distinction of three 

periods of major phosphogenesis. The first 

phase occurred between 24·5 and 21 Ma and 

25 and 18·9 Ma (clustering of ages between 

25 and 22 · 5 Ma) on Malta and Sicily, 

respectively. The second and third phases of 

phosphogenesis are documented from the 

Maltese Islands and are dated as 17·2 to 

13·1 Ma and 10·9 to 9·8 Ma, respectively. 

The phosphate-rich beds are associated with 

hiatuses and phases of important condensation 

which, for the oldest phosphogenic period, 

envelop the time period of 23·2 to 22 Ma for 

the Fomm Ir Rhi Bay section (Malta) and 

from 19·1 to 16·3 Ma for the sections of 

Sampieri and Modica (Sicily). For the second 

phase of phosphogenesis on the Maltese 

Islands, a consistent hiatus was found which 

embraces the time period of approximately 17 

to 15 Ma. Also the third phase of 

phosphogenesis appears to be associated with 

a major hiatus, which probably envelops the 

time period between 12·5 and 10·9 Ma, but 

a better age control is needed here. 

The correspondence in timing of the Maltese- 

Sicilian phases of phosphogenesis with major 

phases of phosphogenesis outside the 

Mediterranean realm, to maxima in oceanic 

phosphorus-burial rates and maxima in the δ 

13 C benthic foraminiferal record suggests that 

the palaeoceanographic evolution of the 

eastern Mediterranean was well in phase with 

that of other ocean basins until at least the 

early Late Miocene, despite its increasing 

isolation due to the gradual closure of the 

Eurasian-Arabian Strait and progressive sealevel 

fall. 

2009020571 

184

为温带的西南太平洋晚中新世 

bolboformids 和浮游有孔虫磁性地层控制 

的年代 = A magnetostratigraphicallyconstrained 

chronology for late Miocene 

bolboformids and planktic foraminifers in the 

temperate Southwest Pacific. ( 英文 ). 

Crundwell M P; Nelson C S. 

Stratigraphy, 2007, 4(1): 1-34, 

High-resolution bolboformid and planktic 

foraminiferal distribution data from the upper 

Miocene section of ODP Site 

1123, Chatham Rise, New Zealand, have been 

integrated with the magnetostratigraphic 

record from the same site to establish a 

magnetobiochronology based on the 

geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS-95). 

Although the upper Miocene sequence is 

adversely affected by dissolution, 33 

bioevents are identified based on dissolution 

resistant taxa that are also found at DSDP Site 

593 – an important biostratigraphic reference 

section for the Neogene in the Tasman Sea. A 

scatter plot based on the stratigraphic 

positions of shared ioevents at these oceanic 

sites approximates a linear line of correlation. 

The tight grouping of the biostratigraphic data 

around the line of correlation and the 

consistency of their stratigraphic order suggest 

most events are synchronous or nearly so, 

even though the sites are more than 1400km 

apart and associated with different water 

masses. This implies that even though the 

biostratigraphic construct is based on only two 

oceanic sites, it provides a robust late Miocene 

biochronostratigraphic framework for the 

temperate Southwest Pacific. Shared 

bolboformid events include the appearances 

and disappearances of Bolboforma subfragoris 

s.l. (11.56-10.61 Ma), B. gruetzmacheri 

(10.46-10.31 Ma), B. capsula (10.20-10.13 

Ma), B. pentaspinosa (10.15-10.08 Ma), B. 

gracilireticulata s.l. (9.75-9.61 Ma), B. 

metzmacheri s.s. (lower occurrence interval 

9.54-9.34 Ma, upper occurrence interval 9.01- 

8.78 Ma), B. metzmacheri ornata (8.45-8.28 

Ma), B. praeintermedia (8.25-8.21 Ma), and 

abundance spikes associated with the 

uppermost B. subfragoris s.l. occurrence 

nterval BBs-1123/D (10.61 Ma) and the lower 

B. metzmacheri s.s. occurrence interval BBm- 

1123/A (9.54 Ma). Shared planktic 

oraminiferal events include dextral coiling 

excursions in Globoconella miotumida (10.92- 

10.82 Ma and 9.62-9.42 Ma), the regional 

disappearance of Globoquadrina dehiscens 

(8.88 Ma), and the evolutionary appearances 

of Globoconella conomiozea (ca. 6.87 

Ma),Globoconella mons (ca. 5.72 Ma), 

Globoconella sphericomiozea (ca. 5.53 Ma), 

Globoconella pliozea (ca. 5.39 Ma), 

Truncorotalia crassaformis (ca. 5.15 Ma), and 

Globoconella puncticulata (ca. 5.11 Ma). 

2009020572 

源于中中新世之后的美国弗吉尼亚皮德蒙 

特东部现代地貌 = Post-middle Miocene 

origin of modern landforms in the eastern 

Piedmont of Virginia. ( 英文 ). Weems R E; 

Edwards L E. Stratigraphy, 2007, 4(1): 35-48 

Diverse late middle Miocene dinoflagellate 

floras, obtained from two sites along the 

western edge of the Atlantic Coastal 

Plain in central Virginia, indicate that the 

eastern Virginia Piedmont was covered by 

marine waters about 12-13 Ma. This 

transgression extended farther westward 

across the Virginia Piedmont than any other 

transgression that has been documented. 

Extensive fluvial deposits that may be 

associated with this transgression covered 

earlier stream patterns in the eastern Piedmont 

and buried them beneath a thin (probably less 

than 100 foot-thick) veneer of sand and gravel. 

During the subsequent regression, a linear 

down-slope stream-drainage pattern developed. 

Although it has been somewhat modified by 

later stream captures, it still is easily 

recognizable. This interval of marine 

inundation and deposition explains why 

modern stream patterns in the eastern 

Piedmont of Virginia strongly resemble the 

stream patterns in the Coastal Plain and differ 

from the structurally adjusted trellis stream 

patterns typical of thewestern Piedmont, Blue 

Ridge, and Valley and Ridge regions. Uplift of 

the modern Southern AppalachianMountains 

began at the time of this transgression and was 

largely completed by the late Pliocene. 

2009020573 

矿场废石中化石组合的同质性 —— 南非洞 

穴沉积上新世 — 更新世动物群分析 = 

Homogeneity of fossil assemblages extracted 

from mine dumps: an analysis of Plio- 

Pleistocene fauna from South African caves. 

( 英文 ). Senegas F; Paradis E; Michaux J. 

Lethaia, 2005, 38(4): 315 - 322 

Mine dumps associated with limestone cave 

deposits are common in dolomitic areas of 

southern Africa. The dumps often contain 

blocks of breccia, which are rich in micromammalian 

fossils (especially rodents, shrews 

and bats). Unfortunately, these fossiliferous 

breccia blocks are out of geological and 

185

stratigraphic context. Nevertheless, they 

provide a large amount of palaeontological 

material of great interest. In order to use this 

kind of material, a first approach is to test for 

homogeneity of the fossil assemblages 

extracted from the breccia blocks. Fisher's 

exact test can be used. Two analyses were 

undertaken. The first was performed on block 

samples taken in situ from breccia at the 

Drimolen hominid site. The results indicated 

that the samples were homogenous, as 

expected. The second analysis was carried out 

on different samples extracted from blocks of 

breccia collected from a dump at the Gondolin 

site. The results show that it is possible to 

group several samples in a single 

representative assemblage. Some blocks could 

be grouped together and then used to address 

taphonomic issues. Once these problems are 

solved, the data set can be used with greater 

confidence to address matters concerning 

palaeoenvironmental reconstructions 

associated with Plio-Pleistocene hominids. 

2009020574 

副特提斯东部 Maeotian 阶的哺乳动物产 

地 : 磁性年代和在欧洲陆相年代表中的位 

置 = Maeotian mammalian localities of 

Eastern Paratethys: Magnetochronology and 

position in European continental scales. ( 英 

文 ). Vangengeim E A; Tesakov A S. 


Correlation, 2008, 16(4): 437-450 

The Maeotian of Eastern Paratethys 

corresponds to the interval of the 

magnetochronological scale from the base of 

the subchron C4Ar2n to upper parts of the 

Chron C4n (9.6–7.5 Ma). Fission-track dates 

of Maeotian deposits are in general agreement 

with paleomagnetic chronology. In the 

continental stratigraphic scale of Western 

Europe this interval corresponds to zones 

MN10 (save the lowermost parts), MN11, and 

MN12 (upper part). Taking into account age 

estimates of MN zones boundaries established 

in Western Europe, the East European 

mammalian localities of Ukraine and Moldova 

can be stratified as follows: MN10, Raspopeni, 

Grebeniki, Novaya Emetovka 1, lower bed of 

Ciobruci; MN11, Novaya Emetovka 2; MN12, 

Cimislia, Ciobruci upper bed, Cherevichnoe, 

Tudorovo, Dzedzvtakhevi, and sites in the 

lower Pontian deposits. The faunal criteria 

used to distinguish MN zones in Western 

Europe cannot be completely applied to sites 

of the Eastern Paratethys because of 

paleozoogeographic distinctions between 

West and East European provinces. Specific 

criteria of zone boundaries definitions should 

be developed for the East European province. 

2009020575 

加拿大北极地区跨越区域性晚新生代不整 

合的层序地层、生物群变化、87Sr/86Sr 记 

录、古气候历史和沉积速率变化 = 

Sequence stratigraphy, biotic change, 

87Sr/86Sr record, paleoclimatic history, and 

sedimentation rate change across a regional 

late Cenozoic unconformity in Arctic Canada. 

( 英文 ). McNeil D H; Duk-Rodkin A; Dixon J; 

Dietrich J R. Canadian Journal of Earth 

Sciences, 2001, 38(2): 309-331 

Eustasy, tectonics, and climate contributed 

to a remarkable Miocene–Pliocene regional 

unconformity in the Beaufort – Mackenzie 

area of Arctic Canada. The unconformity 

extends from beneath deep basin turbidites on 

the continental rise, upslope across an 

erosional paleocontinental shelf, onto the 

cratonic margin as a regional paleosurface 

(peneplain) in the Mackenzie Delta area, and 

into pediment surfaces cut into the orogenic 

highlands of the Richardson Mountains. The 

unconformity was initiated by shelf exposure 

during latest Messinian or earliest Pliocene 

eustatic lowstand and was accentuated by 

tectonic uplift from the culmination of a major 

Late Miocene compressional pulse on the 

basin margin. Palynomorph, benthic 

foraminiferal, strontium isotopic, 

paleomagnetic, and radiometric data document 

the climatic and chronological events 

surrounding the unconformity. A widespread 

hardground (K-59 limestone) occurs at the 

unconformity and caps the Late Miocene 

Akpak Sequence. The hardground yields the 

benthic foraminifera Cibicides grossus, a 

regional marker in the Arctic Pliocene, and the 

bryozoan Adeonella sp. aff. A. polystomella, 

previously known from temperate North 

Atlantic environments. The 87 Sr/ 86 Sr data and 

new biostrati gra phic data indicate that the C. 

grossus Zone in the Beaufort – Mackenzie 

area may be younger than previously 

estimated, ranging into the earliest Pleistocene. 

Late Miocene regional uplift across the 

cratonic margin, coupled with eustatic 

lowstand followed by Early Pliocene tectonic 

quiescence and dry cool climatic conditions, 

combined to produce widespread erosion 

(pediments and peneplanation). Rapid erosion 

contributed to the >4 km-thick, Pliocene – 

Pleistocene Iperk Sequence and a 23-fold 

186

increase in sedimentation rates relative to the 

Early and Middle Miocene. 

2009020576 

加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚中部尼查科高原 

Ootsa 湖 - Cheslatta 河地区第四纪地层和历 

史 = Quaternary stratigraphy and history of 

the Ootsa Lake - Cheslatta River area, 

Nechako Plateau, central British Columbia. 

( 英文 ). Mate D J; Levson V M. Canadian 


765 









































2009020577 

加拿大纽芬兰南 St. George's 湾晚维斯康辛 

阶地层和年代学 : 重新评估 = Late 

Wisconsinan stratigraphy and chronology of 

southern St. George's Bay, Newfoundland: a 

re-appraisal. ( 英文 ). Bell T; Liverman D G; 

Batterson M J; Sheppard K. Canadian Journal 

of Earth Sciences, 2001, 38(5): 851-869 

Almost sixty years after the initial mapping 

of extensive Quaternary sediments along the 

coast of St. George's Bay, Newfoundland, a 

revised stratigraphic section is presented 

which identifies five main sediment types 

(diamicton, mud, sand, gravelly sand, gravel) 

and their stratigraphical position along 39 km 

of coastline from Highlands to Flat Bay. Most 

of the sediments overlying a basal till (St. 

George's River Drift) are interpreted to have 

been deposited in an ice-proximal to ice-distal 

glaciomarine environment by debris flow, 

underflow, current flow, or suspension settling, 

and capped by glaciofluvial outwash (Bay St. 

George Delta). For the most part, sections 

display a relatively simple deglacial sequence 

in a shallowing marine to fluvial environment. 

Where hummocky ridges intersect the coast, 

however, the sedimentary sequences are more 

complex and the variability in depositional 

style is typical of grounding line fans at a 

tidewater glacier margin. The occurrence of an 

upper diamicton or coarse gravels (Robinsons 

Head Drift) was generally observed only in 

grounding-line fan sequences and is 

interpreted here in the context of marginal 

fluctuations of a quasi-stable tidewater glacier, 

and not necessarily a climatically-induced 

readvance of a land-based ice margin 

(Robinsons Head readvance). Radiocarbon 

dates on marine shells from varied 

stratigraphic positions and sedimentary units 

suggest rapid deposition occurred in a 

glaciomarine environment between 14 and 13 

ka BP. 

2009020578 

法国 Drôme 地区 MN17 生物带 ( 上上新统 ) 

的参照地 Saint-Vallier 的埋藏研究 = 

Taphonomy of Saint-Vallier (Drôme, France), 

the reference locality for the biozone MN17 

(Upper Pliocene). ( 英文 ). Valli A M F. 

Lethaia, 2004, 37(3): 337 - 350 

Saint-Vallier (Dr me, France) is the 

biostratigraphical reference locality for the 

biozone MN17 (Upper Pliocene, between 2.4 

and 1.9 Ma). The taphonomic study presented 

here is based on the results of a recent 6-year 

campaign of renewed study. Carefully 

controlled excavations allow the study of the 

relative position of remains and their 

orientation inside several fossil clusters. 

Flowing water is the most likely agent 

187

esponsible for fossil orientation: bones of the 

animals were carried by water from distal to 

proximal areas of deposition, where they were 

quickly buried by sediments. Taphonomic 

clues suggest that the causes of mortality were 

attritional. The study of mortality profiles 

yields more ambiguous results although not 

necessarily in contrast with the attritional 

hypothesis. Such a study shows the 

importance of the sample size for the 

interpretation of the age diagrams. 

2009020579 

飓风低发区礁格架的原位保存 —— 南加勒 

比海库腊索岛和博内尔岛的更新统 = 

Preservation of in situ reef framework in 

regions of low hurricane frequency: 

Pleistocene of Curacao and Bonaire, southern 

Caribbean. ( 英文 ). Meyer D; Bries J; 

Greenstein B; Debrot A. Lethaia, 2003, 36(3): 

273 - 285 

Luxuriant fringing reefs along the 

southwestern shores of the Caribbean islands 

of Cura ao and Bonaire (12°N), located 

outside the most frequent hurricane tracks, are 

rarely affected by major storms. Consequently, 

reef growth and long-term preservation are 

potentially optimal and distinct from reefs 

experiencing greater hurricane frequency. 

Hurricane Lenny (November 1999) took an 

unusual west-to-east track, bisecting the 

Caribbean Basin north of these islands, but 

generated heavy waves (∼3-6 m) that severely 

damaged reefs along the normally leeward 

shores. Massive coral colonies >100 years old 

were toppled, but even at the most severely 

damaged sites, 82-85% of colonies remained 

in growth position. Late Pleistocene (∼125 ka) 

elevated reefs in the Lower Terrace of Cura 

ao record even higher proportions of corals in 

growth position (93%), possibly reflecting a 

low hurricane frequency during the 

Pleistocene highstand. In comparison, coeval 

Pleistocene reefs in regions that today 

experience a high hurricane frequency (Great 

Inagua Island and San Salvador, Bahamas) 

have lower proportions of corals preserved in 

growth position (79% and 38%, respectively). 

These results are consistent with the 

hypothesis that reefs in regions experiencing 

very low hurricane frequency, like the 

southern Caribbean, are more likely to be 

preserved with corals in primary growth 

position in comparison to regions with higher 

hurricane frequency. 

2009020580 

从历史地质学角度看生物多样性 —— 亚马 

逊河下游 Maraj ó 岛的研究实例 = 

Biodiversity from a historical geology 

perspective: a case study from Marajó Island, 

lower Amazon. ( 英文 ). Rossetti D F; De 

Toledo P M. Geobiology, 2006, 4(3): 215 - 

223 

Assessing patterns of abundance and 

distribution of Amazonian species is still an 

overwhelming task that requires integration of 

multiple disciplines. This work is based on 

background information gathered from 

previous reconstructions of the geological 

history of the lower Amazon drainage basin, 

in order to analyse biodiversity patterns within 

the context of landscape transformation. A 

highly dynamic geological scenario is 

depicted for this area during the Plio- 

Pleistocene and Holocene, which consisted of 

a large palaeovalley formed as a response of 

tectonic reactivation. This palaeovalley was 

filled with sediments transported by a 

north/northwest orientated palaeo-Tocantins 

River. The palaeodrainage became abandoned 

as the main river course was deviated to the 

northeast, initiating the separation of Marajó 

Island from mainland. Geology had a direct 

impact on the modern physiognomy, with 

open vegetation dominating in areas with 

Holocene sedimentation, while closed forests 

prevailing in older Quaternary and, probably 

also, Pliocene terrains. Data from fossil and 

modern mammalian groups indicate the 

connection of Marajó Island to the mainland 

during the Last Glacial Maximum, when open 

vegetation seems to have dominated. Tectonic 

subsidence was responsible for the 

maintenance of this vegetation pattern on the 

eastern side of the Marajó Island, keeping it as 

a habitat favourable for savanna adapted 

faunal elements. Based on this kind of 

information, this work attempts to highlight 

the importance of integrating studies 

combining geological and biological events as 

the key to understand biodiversity patterns in 

Amazonia. It is expected to open new lines of 

research dealing with the comprehension of 

ecology, species and genetic diversity, 

biogeography, evolutionary scenarios, and 

speciation mechanisms. 

2009020581 

在一千五百万年间从海平面到高海拔 : 青 

藏高原北部边缘阿尔金山的抬升史 = From 

sea level to high elevation in 15 million 

years:Uplift history of the northern Tibetan 

188

Plateau margin in the Altun Shan. ( 英文 ). 

Ritts B D; Yue Yongjun; Graham S A; Sobel 

E R; Abbink O A; Stockli D. American 

Journal of science, 2008, 308(5): 657-678 

Approximately 1300 m of Oligocene- 

Miocene clastic strata are exposed along the 

Miran River in the southeastern Tarim basin, 

where the adjacent Altun Shan form the 

topographic escarpment of the northern 

Tibetan Plateau. The sedimentary section is 

faulted against Proterozoic rocks of the Altun 

Shan in the footwall of the south-dipping, 

oblique reverse Northern Altyn Tagh fault. 

Oligocene-Lower Miocene strata consist of 

fine-grained rocks that record low-gradient 

depositional systems. Mid-Miocene and 

younger rocks consist of coarse conglomerate, 

derived from the Altun Shan and deposited by 

high-gradient depositional systems. The 

change to coarse, high-gradient depositional 

systems with detrital source areas coincident 

with the modern Miran River drainage is 

interpreted to mark the onset of uplift of the 

Altun Shan on the Northern Altyn Tagh fault 

and its erosional exhumation. The age of the 

change from pre-orogenic to synorogenic 

sedimentation is constrained by a foraminifera 

assemblage at the base of the conglomeratic 

section that includes Early-Middle Miocene 

planktonic foraminifera. This interpretation is 

also supported by apatite fission track and (U- 

Th)/He ages and thermal models that indicate 

rapid Miocene cooling, and hence, rapid 

exhumation of the Altun Shan. In addition to 

defining the age of the synorogenic section, 

the foraminifera assemblage contains 

planktonic taxa, indicating a connection to 

open marine waters, and benthic assemblages 

typical of brackish to near-sea level 

paleobathymetry. Thus, micropaleontologic 

evidence demonstrates that the Miran River 

locality, now at 1400 m elevation, was at sea 

level approximately 15 million years ago. 

Thus, in addition to constraining the age of 

surface uplift and exhumation of the Altun 

Shan, the principal mountain range of the 

Tibetan Plateau in this region, as 15 to 16 Ma, 

the foraminifera assemblage indicates that the 

SE Tarim basin, off the northern edge of the 

plateau, had an average surface uplift rate of 

nearly 100 m/m.y. for the past 15 million 

years. These results suggest that shortening in 

the Altun Shan and uplift of the range 

significantly post-dated the initiation of largescale 

strike-slip on the Altyn Tagh fault, and 

that regional surface uplift mechanisms 

operated in the Tarim basin, beyond the 

margins of the Tibetan Plateau. 

2009020582 

广西百色盆地石器层沉积物的岩石磁学性 

质和古地磁结果 = Rock magnetic properties 

and palaeomagnetic results of sediments from 

a stone implement layer in the Bose Basin, 

Guangxi. ( 英文 ). Yang Xiaoqiang; Zhu 

Zhaoyu; Zhang Yinan; Li Huamei; Zhou 

Wenjuan; Yang Jie. Science in China Series D: 


Directional samples were taken to study 

rock magnetism and palaeomagnetic records 

from the Dongsheng profile, which is 5 m 

thick and on the northwest edge of the Bose 

Basin. Mineralogy and rock magnetism of 

typical samples indicate that coarse granular 

titanomagnetite, and fine-grained hematite, 

superparamagnetic maghemite formed by 

pedogenesis are in the sediment, which has 

undergone many transformative processes 

during different stages of pedogenesis. 

Parallel samples were taken for thermal 

demagnetization (TH) (0 to 680 ° C) and 

alternating field (AF) demagnetization (0 to 

80 mT) respectively. Experimental results of 

these two kinds of demagnetization illustrate 

that there are two or more magnetic 

components in the samples. Intensity of NRM 

decreases by almost 60% to 90% rapidly when 

the temperature ranges from 100°C to 350° 

C, with a steady magnetic component. It is 

impossible to analyze the magnetic 

components at high temperature because those 

fluctuate widely when the temperature is 

higher than 400 ° C. Steady magnetic 

components from 100°C to 350°C indicate 

that the remanence was mainly carried by 

fine-grained hematite formed by pedogenesis, 

reflecting a change in the geomagnetic field 

while the magnetite was being oxidized into 

hematite by chemical weathering after 

deposition. The formative age of the 

sediments cannot be obtained by magnetic 

methods in this profile. 

2009020583 

华东幔源捕虏岩中的金含量及其中的硫化 

物 = Gold contents of both mantle-derived 

xenoliths and sulfides in them from eastern 

China. ( 英文 ). Yue Kefen; He Ying. Science 

in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 2008, 

51(4): 499-508 

The gold contents of 59 samples of mantlederived 

xenoliths, along with 85 samples of 

189

sulfide assemblages in them, of Cenozoic 

basalt from eight districts in eastern China are 

analyzed. The gold contents of mantle 

xenoliths usually fall in the range of 

10−9−10−8, whereas those of the sulfide 

assemblages fall in the range of 10−4−10−2. 

This implies that the latter are several hundred 

thousand times higher than the former, and 

thus that Au in the mantle is concentrated 

mostly in sulfide assemblages. Gold contents 

of both mantle-derived xenoliths and sulfide 

assemblages in them are inhomogeneous 

spatially, but their distribution rules are 

similar. Except the samples from Hainan 

Province, either the mantle xenoliths with high 

gold content or sulfide assemblages of the 

mantle-derived xenoliths with high gold 

content are distributed mostly on the north and 

south margins of the North China platform 

(Hannuoba of Hebei Province and Linqu, 

Changle of Shandong Province), 

corresponding to districts with concentrated 

gold deposits in northwest Hebei Province and 

Jiaodong Peninsula of Shandong Province. 

This may reflect the correlativity in age, 

nature and composition between the 

continental crust and the underlying 

lithospheric mantle. The underlying 

lithospheric mantle of the North China 

platform is an ancient gold-rich lithospheric 

mantle. The gold-rich lithospheric mantle may 

be the material source of later activation, 

enrichment, transportation and mineralization 

of gold by auriferous CO2 mantle fluids. 

2009020584 

地中海新近纪地层 : 百年来的发展和演变 

= Mediterranean Neogene stratigraphy: 

development and evolution through the 

centuries. ( 英文 ). Cita M B. 


The Mediterranean area, in general, and 

Italy, in particular, played an important role in 

developing the principles of stratigraphy since 

the early days of geological thinking. In the 

middle of the 19th Century there was a rush to 

name all the intervals of the stratigraphic 

column. At that time, when invertebrate 

palaeontology was the principal source of 

information on the relative age of the rock 

units, dozens of stage names were created for 

the Neogene. Only a few of these stage names 

survive and are accepted worldwide as 

Langhian, Serravallian, Tortonian, Messinian, 

Zanclean and Piacenzian. In the later part of 

the 19th Century and in the first decades of the 

20th Century, a wealth of new data was made 

available by extensive palaeontological 

studies but the correlation potential of the 

fossil faunas was constrained poorly, and 

understood less, leading to the development of 

a 'floating' stratigraphy. The situation 

improved after World War II, when 

micropalaeontology underwent a fast 

development. The creation of common 

stratigraphic guidelines, the introduction of 

the 'stratotype' concept followed by the 

'Golden Spike' concept (global stratotype 

section and point), combined with the 

application of multiple stratigraphic 

methodologies (especially palaeomagnetic 

stratigraphy or magnetic polarity time scale, 

astrocyclostratigraphy or astronomical time 

scale) resulted in new scenarios. A turning 

point may be located around 1970, soon after 

the beginning of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 

which greatly contributed to the development 

of a new approach to Neogene Stratigraphy. 

Now all the global stratotype sections and 

points for the Neogene stages are being 

defined by multiple criteria, with precise 

definitions in terms of magnetic polarity time 

scale and astronomical time scale. The 

Rossello composite section in Southern Sicily 

is the template for the Late Neogene 

stratigraphy, with the best time resolution 

provided by astronomical forcing. To 

complete the planned study, the same criteria 

have to be applied downwards and upwards. 

2009020585 

美国内布拉斯加晚第四纪黄土的起源和古 

气候意义 : 来自地层学、年代学、沉积学 

和地球化学的证据 = Origin and 

paleoclimatic significance of late Quaternary 

loess in Nebraska: Evidence from stratigraphy, 

chronology, sedimentology, and geochemistry. 

( 英文 ). Muhs D R; Bettis E A;Aleinikoff J N; 

McGeehin J P. Geological Society of America 

Bulletin, 2008, 120(11-12): 1378-1407 

Loess is one of the most extensive surficial 

geologic deposits in midcontinental North 

America, particularly in the central Great 

Plains region of Nebraska. Last-glacial-age 

loess (Peoria Loess) reaches its greatest known 

thickness in the world in this area. New 

stratigraphic, geochronologic, mineralogic, 

and geochemical data yield information about 

the age and provenance of Peoria Loess, as 

well as evaluation of recent climate models. 

Sixteen new radiocarbon ages and recently 

acquired optically stimulated luminescence 

ages indicate that Peoria Loess deposition in 

Nebraska occurred between ca. 25,000 cal yr 

190

B.P. and ca. 13,000 cal yr B.P. After ca. 

13,000 cal yr B.P. a period of pedogenesis 

began, represented by the dark, prominent 

Brady Soil. At some localities, further loess 

deposition was minimal. At other localities, 

sometime after ca. 11,000 cal yr B.P., there 

were additional episodes of loess deposition 

(Bignell Loess) intermittently throughout the 

Holocene. 

The spatial variability of particle size 

abundances in Peoria Loess shows a 

northwest-to-southeast fining in Nebraska, 

consistent with maps of previous workers that 

show a northwest-to-southeast thinning of 

loess. These observations indicate that 

paleowinds that deposited the loess were from 

the west or northwest and that the source or 

sources of Peoria Loess lay to the west or 

northwest. 

New mineralogical and geochemical data 

indicate that the most important sources of 

loess were likely Tertiary siltstones of the 

White River and Arikaree Groups, silt facies 

of Pliocene eolian sediments, and small 

contributions from Pierre Shale. It is likely 

that fine-grained silts were transported 

episodically through the Nebraska Sand Hills 

from Tertiary and Cretaceous bedrock sources 

to the north, in agreement with a model 

presented recently. The identification of 

Tertiary siltstones and silts as the primary 

sources of loess is consistent with isotopic 

data presented in a companion paper. 

Contributions of glaciogenic silt from the 

Platte and Missouri Rivers were limited to 

loess zones close to the valleys of those 

drainages. An earlier computer-based model of 

global dust generation during the last glacial 

period did not identify the Great Plains of 

North America as a significant source of 

nonglaciogenic eolian silt. However, a refined 

version of this model does simulate this region 

as a significant non-glacial dust source during 

the last glacial period, in good agreement with 

the results presented here. 

2009020586 

西班牙萨拉戈萨省 Tarazona de Aragon 地 

区 ( 埃布罗盆地 ) 中中新世新的生物地层 

和古生态资料 = New biostratigraphic and 

paleoecologic data from the middle Miocene 

(Aragonian) from the Tarazona de Aragon 

area (Ebro basin) Zaragoza Province, Spain.. 

( 其他 ). Murelaga X; Perez-Rivares F J; 

Vazquez-Urbez M. Ameghiniana, 2008, 45(2): 

393-406 

In this contribution the vertebrate 

microfossils of two new localities (Melero-20 

and Melero-30) near Tarazona de Aragon 

village (Ebro Basin, Spain) are described. The 

fossil association is dominated by 

micromammal fossils, represented by Rodents 

(Sciurids, Cricetids and Glirids), Lagomorphs 

and Chiropters, and allows to situate Melero- 

20 in the local biozone E (European Mammal 

Neogene Zone, MN5) and Melero-30 between 

the local biozones F and G1 (MN6), both in 

the Miocene. The revision of the Tarazona de 

Aragon and El Buste mammal localities, at the 

bottom and from the bottom of the local 

succession, gives the following new 

biostratigraphic assignation: Dc-Dd (MN5) 

and G2 (MN6), respectively. The described 

remains were accumulated in ponds or 

shallow lakes colonized by plants, with 

common desiccation and pedogenetic 

processes. The evolution of rodent association 

through the local succession indicates a 

relative climate cooling. The vertebrate 

diversity decreases from base to top, which 

may be related to a temperature decrease 

through time. A similar temperature and 

diversity decrease has been rep cognised in the 

Calatayud-Teruel Basin (NE of Spain) during 

the same time interval. This decrease could be 

associated with the cooling that follow's the 

Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum. Even 

though the rodent association does not reveal 

changes in relative humidity, clay 

mineralogical analyses suggest an and 

environment for the Tarazona de Aragon level, 

the older in the succession, a humidity 

increase for Melero-20 and a decrease for 

Melero-30. 

2009020587 

浮游生物指示澳大利亚马阔里岛蛇绿岩杂 

岩体沉积岩的年龄为 9Ma = Microplankton 

provide 9 Ma age for sediment in the 

Macquarie Island ophiolite complex. ( 英文 ). 

Quilty P G; Crundwell M P; Wise S W. 

Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2008, 

55(8): 1119-1125 

Macquarie Island in the southwest Pacific 

Ocean (55S) is unique as an exposed location 

for studying oceanic crust generated by slow 

seafloor spreadingregions where rocks are 

difficult to date using radiometric methods. 

Bolboforms, an extinct group of poorly known 

microplankton, in sediment intercalated with 

pillow lavas yield tight constraints (9.01-8.78 

Ma) on the age of formation of the dominantly 

seafloor volcanic sequence constituting the 

191

south of the island. The occurrence of 

Bolboforma metzmacheri extends the known 

geographic range of this Late Miocene zonal 

marker species in the southwest Pacific. A 

monospecific calcareous nannoplankton flora 

(Reticulofenestra perplexa) accompanied by 

the foraminifer Neogloboquadrina 

pachyderma in sediment from the north part of 

the island indicates a slightly older age (9.5- 

9.3 Ma), consistent with a radiometric date 

(9.20.4 Ma) from nearby volcanics. The new 

age data indicate that the ocean floor volcanic 

sequence formed early in the Late Miocene, 

possibly along short segments of a slowspreading 

mid-ocean ridge. Bolboforms have 

potential to provide fine-scale dating in other 

similarly complex ridge systems that are 

difficult to date by other means. 

2009020588 

有孔虫记录和天文学旋回 : 以意大利托斯 

卡纳梅辛阶前蒸发的 Gello 综合剖面为例 = 

Foraminiferal record and astronomical cycles: 

An example from the Messinian pre-evaporitic 

Gello Composite Section (Tuscany, Italy). ( 英 

文 ). Riforgiato F; Foresi L M; Aldinucci M. 

Stratigraphy, 2008, 5(3/4): 265-280 

We report the first high resolution biomagneto 

and cyclostratigraphical study on 

Messinian pre-evaporitic marine deposits 

(Gello Composite Section) from the Volterra 

Basin (Italy). Since the investigated deposits 

manifest no evident lithological cyclicity, 

cyclostratigraphical analyses have been based 

on: i) abundance fluctuations of Bolivina and 

Bulimina among the benthic foraminifera, 

Globigerinoides, Orbulina and Turborotalita 

among the planktonics; ii) CaCO3 Content 

changes; and iii) Shannon-Weaver index 

variations relative to benthic assemblages. As 

a result, 1 9 precession-control led cycles have 

been recognized. Moreover, the recognition of 

the C3An. Ir, C3An. In and C3r magnetozone 

and some bio-chronohorizons, have allowed 

the tuning of the studied section with the 

ATNTS (Astronomical Tuned Neogene Time 

Scale) using the La2004 solution of the 

insolation curve. This multidisciplinary study 

strongly supports that the onset of evaporitic 

deposition in Tuscany and in other circum- 

Mediterranean type-successions, as the Abad 

Composite Section (Spain) and the Falconara 

Section (Sicily), was isochronous 

2009020589 

地中海地区梅辛阶最晚期事件的高分辨率 

地层框架 = A high-resolution stratigraphic 

framework for the latest Messinian events in 

the Mediterranean area. ( 英文 ). Roveri M; 

Bertini A; Cosentino D. Stratigraphy, 2008, 

5(3/4): 323-342 

A high-resolution strati graphic model for 

the uppermost Messinian deposits of the 

Mediterranean basin is here proposed. The 

model provides new constraints for calibrating 

the time and space distribution of 

palaeoenvironmental proxies of the final phase 

of the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC), 

characterized, after the main phase of massive 

evaporite precipitation, by the progressive and 

generalized establishment of brackish to 

freshwater aquatic environments throughout 

the Mediterranean basin ('Lago Mare event'). 

The corresponding stratigraphic unit, bounded 

by the intra-Messinian unconformity (MES) at 

the base (similar to 5.6 Ma) and the M/P 

boundary at top (5.33 Ma) is split into two 

sub-units by a minor unconformity marking a 

sharp facies change. 

The lower sub-unit (p-ev(1)) is localized in 

deepest and/or strongly subsiding basins and 

is commonly characterized by 'regressive' 

depositional trends. It records the transition 

from hyper- to hypohaline conditions over a 

short time span characterized by an 

acceleration of tectonic processes in many 

Mediterranean geodynamic contexts. 

The upper sub-unit (P-ev(2)) is more basinwide 

distributed and records the generalized 

periodic activation of catastrophic flooddominated 

fluvio-deltaic depositional systems, 

indicating important modifications in the 

drainage areas and/or in fluvial runoff. In this 

sub-unit four to five precessional cycles are 

Usually recognized below the 

Miocene/Pliocene boundary, allowing basinwide 

correlations and suggesting to place its 

basal age at around 5.42 Ma. 

While p-ev(1) records the local and 

ephemeral development of Lago Mare 

environments with low-diverse, pioneer taxa, 

p-ev(2) is marked by the diffusion of 

conspicuous brackish to freshwater fossil 

assemblages of increasing diversity and 

complexity upwards. The change is best 

approximated by the boundary between the 

two sub-units. 

No clear evidence of normal marine 

conditions established before the Zanclean 

flooding have been recognized. Converging 

sedimentary evolution and paleontologic 

record suggest that the last MSC phase was 

characterized by a dilution of the surface 

waters of a large, residual Mediterranean 

192

water body with strongly reduced ocean 

connections. These conditions likely resulted 

from a positive feedback loop between 

processes (increase of fluvial runoff, 

generalized subsidence, base-level rise, 

enlargement of shelf areas) promoting the 

establishment of progressively larger, more 

stable intra-basinal connections and water 

exchanges with the Paratethyan basins, up to 

the final full reopening of the Atlantic 

gateways 

2009020590 

中国南海新生代玄武岩中的主要元素、微 

量元素及锶、钕、铅同位素研究 = Major 

element, trace element, and Sr, Nd and Pb 

isotope studies of Cenozoic basalts from the 

South China Sea. ( 英文 ). Yan Quanshu; Shi 

Xuefa; Wang Kunshan; Bu Wenrui; Xiao 

Long. Science in China Series D: Earth 

Sciences, 2008, 51(4): 550-566 

The whole rock K-Ar ages of basalts from 

the South China Sea basin vary from 3.8 to 7.9 

Ma, which suggest that intra-plate volcanism 

after the cessation of spreading of the South 

China Sea (SCS) is comparable to that in 

adjacent regions around the SCS, i.e., 

Leiqiong Peninsula, northern margin of the 

SCS, Indochina block, and so on. Based on 

detailed petrographic studies, we selected 

many fresh basaltic rocks and measured their 

major element, trace element, and Sr-Nd-Pb 

isotope compositions. Geochemical 

characteristics of major element and trace 

element show that these basaltic rocks belong 

to alkali basalt magma series, and are similar 

to OIB-type basalt. The extent of partial 

melting of mantle rock in source region is 

very low, and magma may experience 

crystallization differentiation and cumulation 

during the ascent to or storing in the highlevel 

magma chamber. Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data 

of these basaltic rocks imply an 

inhomogeneous mantle below the South China 

Sea. The nature of magma origin has a two 

end-member mixing model, one is EM2 

(Enriched Mantle 2) which may be originated 

from mantle plume, the other is DMM 

(Depleted MORB Mantle). Pb isotopic 

characteristics show the Dupal anomaly in the 

South China Sea, and combined with newly 

found Dupal anomaly at Gakkel ridge in 

Arctic Ocean, this implies that Dupal anomaly 

is not only limited to South Hemisphere. In 

variation diagrams among Sr, Nd and Pb, the 

origin nature of mantle below the SCS is 

similar to those below Leiqiong peninsula, 

northern margin of the SCS and Indochina 

peninsula, and is different from those below 

north and northeast China. This study provides 

geochemical constraints on Hainan mantle 

plume. 

2009020591 

博格达山在新生代的抬升过程及其构造意 

义 = The uplifting process of the Bogda 

Mountain during the Cenozoic and its tectonic 

implication. ( 英文 ). Wang Zongxiu; Li Tao; 

Zhang Jin; Liu Yongqing; Ma Zongjin. 


Sciences, 2008, 51(4): 579-593 

The Tianshan Mountains have undergone 

its initial orogeny, extension adjusting and reorogeny 

since the Late Paleozoic. The reorogeny 

and uplifting process of the orogeny 

in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic are two of most 

important events in the geological evolution of 

Euro-Asian continent, which resulted in the 

formation of the present range-and-basin 

pattern in topography of the Tianshan 

Mountains and its adjacent areas. 

Thermochronology results by the method of 

fission-track dating of apatite suggest three 

obvious uplifting stages of the Bogad 

Mountain Chain re-orogeny during the 

Cenozoic, i.e. 5.6–19 Ma, 20–30 Ma, and 

42–47 Ma. The strongest uplifting stage of 

the mountain is the second one at 20–30 Ma, 

when the mountain uplifted as a whole, and 

the beginning of re-orogeny was no less than 

65 Ma. Furthermore, our studies also show 

that the uplifting types of the mountain are 

variable in the different time periods, 

including uplifting of mountain as a whole and 

differential uplifting. The apparently 

diversified uplifting processes of the mountain 

chain are characterized by the migration (or 

transformation) of the uplifting direction of 

the mountain from west to east and from north 

to south, and the main process of mountain 

extending is from north to south. 

2009020592 

青藏高原北部晚始新世孢粉记录及古环境 

变化 = Late Eocene pollen records and 

palaeoenvironmental changes in northern 

Tibetan Plateau. ( 英文 ). Miao Yunfa; Fang 

Xiaomin; Song Zhichen; Wu Fuli; Han 

Wenxia; Dai Shuang; Song Chunhui. Science 

in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 2008, 

51(8): 1089-1098 

The Eocene palaeovegetation landscape and 

palaeoclimate reconstructed from the pollen 

193

ecords in the Jiuquan Basin, northwest China 

provide some important information on the 

early uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the 

origin and evolution of the aridification in 

northwest China. The records show the aridsemiarid 

scrubs with open forest palynofloras 

controlled by the subtropical high existed in 

northwest China during the 40.2–33.4 Ma. 

Four pollen assemblages are found: 

Nitrariadites-Cheno-podipollis-Pinaceae 

assemblage (40.2–37.9 Ma) is followed by 

Chenopodipollis-Nitrariadites assemblage 

(37.9 – 34.6 Ma), Pinuspollenites & 

Abietineaepollenites-Chenopodipollis 

assemblage (34.6 – 33.9 Ma), and 

Chenopodipollis-Nitrariadites assemblage 

(33.9 – 33.4 Ma). The percentage of 

thermophilic types is in anti-correlation with 

that of the dry types, which means the 

palaeoclimate is relatively warm-wet or colddry 

during most of that time. Such aridity may 

be related to the water vapor reduction and the 

planetary wind system movement northward 

in response to the cooling caused by smallephemeral 

ice-sheets. 

2009020593 

用钻孔岩心分析揭示晚第四纪沿北京南口 - 

孙河断裂带发生的古地震 = Using borehole 

core analysis to reveal Late Quaternary 

paleoearthquakes along the Nankou-Sunhe 

Fault, Beijing. ( 英文 ). Zhang Shimin; Wang 

Dandan; Liu Xudong; Zhang Guohong; Zhao 

Junxiang; Luo Minghui; Ren Junjie;Wang 

Rui;Zhang Yingli. Science in China Series D: 


The Nankou-Sunhe Fault is a buried active 

normal fault that traverses the urban area of 

Beijing. Its seismic risks have caused 

considerable concerns. This paper studies 

paleoearthquakes along this fault by analyzing 

and correlating bore-hole cores obtained from 

triple-tube coring, incorporating experience 

acquired from trenching. As a result, a model 

for identifying earthquake-derived colluvium 

by sediment-core analysis is proposed. Tripletube 

coring technique is useful to collect 

continuous undisturbed soil core near the 

Nankou-Sunhe Fault. By identifying faultscarp 

colluviums, determining cumulative 

displacement, and analysing stratum 

thickening on the hanging wall, we are able to 

establish a preliminary paleoearthquake 

sequence consisting of 13 surface-rupturing 

events since 60 ka. The seismic history can be 

divided into three periods based on different 

recurrence intervals. Between 60 and 40 ka, 

three earthquakes occurred with recurrence 

interval of ∼10 ka. From 40 to 25 ka, there 

were six earthquakes with the recurrence 

interval of about 2.5 ka. In the last 25 ka, four 

earthquakes have taken place with the 

recurrence interval varying considerably. The 

recurrence interval between the last three 

events is ∼5 ka. Smaller recurrence intervals 

correspond to stages of faster fault slip. The 

coseismic displacement of a single event is 0.8 

to 2.2 m, average 1.4 m, largely equivalent to 

moment magnitudes 6.7 – 7.1. This study 

demonstrates the feasibility of bore-hole 

drilling in investigating paleoearthquakes 

along normal faults. It also suggests that 

closely spaced boreholes with continuous 

undisturbed cores are essential for 

reconstructing the complete paleoearthquake 

sequence. 

2009020594 

安宁河断裂带冕宁段北段晚第四纪强震引 

起的表层变形和断裂作用 = Late Quaternary 

surface deformation and rupture behavior of 

strong earthquake on the segment north of 

Mianning of the Anninghe fault. ( 英文 ). Ran 

Yongkang; Chen Lichun; Cheng Jianwu; 

Gong Huiling. Science in China Series D: 


The Anninghe fault is an important active 

fault along the eastern boundary of Sichuan- 

Yunnan active tectonic block, and the study of 

its surface deformation and rupture behavior 

during strong earthquake in the late 

Quaternary is of fundamental importance for 

understanding the future seismic risk of the 

fault zone or even the entire western Sichuan 

region. Using the methods of detailed 

geomorphic and geological survey, digital 

image analysis, total station instrument survey, 

excavation of combined trench and dating, we 

analyze the geomorphologic sequences of the 

offset strata at several sites where the late 

Quaternary deformation remnants are fairly 

well preserved and obtain some new results as 

follows: Strong earthquake events with leftlateral 

displacements of about 3 m occurred at 

the two sites of Zimakua and Yejitong at 

1634–1811, 1030–1050 and 280–550 a BP, 

respectively, and the recurrence interval is 

520–660 a; The youngest event in the area of 

Dahaizi-Ganhaizi should be the earthquake of 

1536, other events are at 1768–1826, 2755– 

4108 and 4108–6593 a BP, respectively, with 

a recurrence interval of 1300–1900 a. The 

194

strong earthquake activity shows a clustering 

character. The possibility of occurrence of a 

strong earthquake exists on the north segment 

of the Anninghe fault sometime in the future. 

2009020595 

川南马边地区新生代抬升的裂变径迹年代 

测定 = Fission track dating of the Cenozoic 

uplift in Mabian area, southern Sichuan 

Province, China. ( 英文 ). An Yanfen; Han 

Zhujun; Wan Jinglin. Science in China Series 


The apparent ages of samples are obtained 

from fission track dating of apatite samples 

collected from the fault zones in Mabian area, 

southern Sichuan Province. In addition, 

thermal history is simulated from the obtained 

data by applying AFTSolve Program, to 

acquire the thermal evolution history of the 

samples. The result shows that tectonically the 

Mabian area was relatively stable between 25 

and 3 Ma, compared to the inner parts and 

other marginal areas of the Tibetan Plateau. 

The studied area had little response to the 

rapid uplift events that occurred for several 

times in the Tibetan Plateau during 25–3 Ma. 

The latest thermal event related to the activity 

of the Lidian fault zone (about 8 Ma) is later 

than that of the Ebian fault zone (18–15 Ma) 

to the west, indicating to some extent that the 

evolution of fault activity in the Mabian area 

has migrated from west to east. The latest 

extensive tectonic uplift occurred since about 

3 Ma. As compared with the Xianshuihe fault 

zone, the Mabian area is closer to the eastern 

margin of the plateau, while the time of fast 

cooling event in this area is later than that in 

the southeast segment of the Xianshuihe fault 

zone (3.6–3.46 Ma). It appears to support the 

assumption of episodic uplift and stepwise 

outward extension of the eastern boundary of 

the Tibetan Plateau in late Cenozoic. 

2009020596 

鲜水河 - 小江断裂系中心段新生的大凉山断 

裂带 = Newly-generated Daliangshan fault 

zone — Shortcutting on the central section of 

Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system. ( 英文 ). 

He Honglin; Yasutaka I; He Yulin; Masayoshi 

T; Chen Jie; Chen Changyun; Masayoshi T; 

Tomoo E: Shinsuke O. Science in China 


1258 

The Daliangshan fault zone is the eastern 

branch in the central section of Xianshuihe- 

Xiaojiang fault system. It has been neglected 

for a long time, partly because of no 

destructive earthquake records along this fault 

zone. On the other hand, it is located on the 

remote and inaccessible plateau. So far it was 

excluded as part of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang 

fault system. Based on the interpretation of 

aerophotographs and field investigations, we 

document this fault zone in detail, and give an 

estimation of strike-slip rate about 3 mm/a in 

Late Quaternary together with age dating data. 

The results suggest that the Daliangshan fault 

zone is a newly-generated fault zone resulted 

from shortcutting in the central section of 

Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system because of 

the clockwise rotation of the Southeastern 

Tibetan Crustal Block, which is bounded by 

the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system. 

Moreover, the shortcutting may make the 

Daliangshan fault zone replace the Anninghe 

and Zemuhe fault zones gradually, and finally, 

the later two fault zones will probably die out 

with the continuous clockwise rotation. 

2009020597 

根据比利牛斯山脉西部巴斯克国 

Gorrondatxe 剖面的证据对早 — 中始新世 

生物磁性年代学的再认识 = Reassessment of 

the Early – Middle Eocene 

biomagnetochronology based on evidence 

from the Gorrondatxe section (Basque 

Country, western Pyrenees). ( 英文 ). Payros A; 

Bernaola G; Orue-etxebarria X; Dinar è s- 

Turell J; Tosquella J; Apellaniz E. 

Lethaia, 2007, 40(2): 183-195 

Thirteen Lower – Middle Eocene 

(Ypresian – Lutetian) successions, including 

the Gorrondatxe section in the western 

Pyrenees, show biomagnetostratigraphic 

correlation schemes that do not agree with the 

current standard framework. The main 

discrepancy concerns the position of the 

boundary between planktonic foraminiferal 

Zones P9 (=E7, approximately) and P10 (=E8, 

approximately), which was thought to occur 

within calcareous nannofossil Subzone CP12a 

and at the boundary between magnetic 

polarity Chrons C22n and C21r. However, in 

the differing correlation scheme the boundary 

between Zones P9 (=E7) and P10 (=E8) 

occurs close to the base of Subzone CP13a 

and to the boundary between Chrons C21n 

and C20r. An attempt at a new Ypresian– 

Lutetian boundary biomagnetochronology is 

made based on data from the Gorrondatxe 

section, which shows that the boundary 

between Zones P9 (=E7) and P10 (=E8) is 3.1 

195

Myr younger than hitherto considered. 

Therefore, the duration of the Early Eocene, 

most commonly defined according to this 

planktonic foraminiferal zonal boundary, has 

generally been underestimated over the last 

four decades. 

2009020598 

青藏高原新生代差异性隆起的沉积记录和 

地质年代控制 = Cenozoic sedimentary 

records and geochronological constraints of 

differential uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 

( 英文 ). Zhang Kexin; Wang Guocan; Cao Kai; 

Liu chao; Xiang Shuyuan; Hong Hanlie; Kou 

Xiaohu; Xu Yadong; Chen Fenning; Meng 

Yanning; Chen Ruiming. Science in China 


1672 

Geological mapping data (1:250000) in the 

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent regions 

reveal the sediment sequences, distribution 

and tectonic evolution of the 92 Tertiary 

remnant basins. Southern Tibet and the 

Yecheng area in Xinjiang, located at southern 

and northwestern margins of the Qinghai- 

Tibet Plateau, respectively, were parts of the 

Neo-Tethys remnant sea in the Paleogene. In 

southern Tibet, both the subabyssal and 

abyssal sequences occur at the Gyangze, Saga, 

Guoyala, and Sangmai areas. The deep-water 

facies successions outcrop in the west, 

whereas the shallow-water facies sequences in 

the east, indicating the east to the west retreat 

of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. The retreat of the 

Neo-Tethys Ocean in the east was contributed 

to the earlier tectonic uplift of the eastern 

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The uplift process of 

the Plateau from the Late Cretaceous to 

Pliocene is described as follows: During the 

Late Cretaceous, tectonic uplift of the 

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau occurred in the 

northeastern part and the configuration of the 

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was characterized by 

rise in the northeast and depression in the west. 

In the Paleocene-Eocene interval, the 

Tengchong-Baingoin and Kuyake-Golmud 

areas experienced local tectonic uplifting, the 

West Kunlun uplift zone broadened easterly, 

the Qilian uplift zone broadened southerly, 

and the Songpan-Garz ê uplift zone shrank 

easterly. The Oligocene configuration of the 

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was characterized by 

mountain chains rising along its margins and 

sedimentary basins in the central part because 

of tectonic uplifts of the Gangdisê and the 

Himalaya blocks. Meanwhile, the Kunlun- 

Altyn-Qilian uplift zones have also broadened 

southerly and northerly. In contrast, the great 

uplift zones of the Gangdisê, the Himalaya, 

the Karakorum, and the Kunlun blocks 

characterize the paleogeographic contours of 

the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Miocene- 

Pliocene. Additionally, the 

thermochronological data on tectonic uplift 

events in southern Tibet, West Kunlun 

Mountains, Altyn Tagh, eastern Tibet, and 

western Sichuan all suggest that the most 

intense deformation occurred at 13-8 Ma and 

since 5 Ma, respectively, corresponding to two 

great uplift periods in Neogene. As a result, 

turnover of paleogeographic configuration of 

the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau occurred during the 

Neogene, experiencing a change from high 

contours in the east in the pre-Oligocene to 

high contours in the west at the end-Pliocene. 

The uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during 

the Cenozoic was episodic, and the uplifts of 

various blocks within the Plateau were 

spatially and chronologically different. 

2009020599 

基于地化参数为基础的 Suseocka Bela 

Stena 地区 ( 塞尔维亚 Valjevo-Mionica 盆 

地 ) 新近纪湖底沉积物的沉积史 = 

Sedimentation History of Neogene Lacustrine 

Sediments of Suseocka Bela Stena Based on 

Geochemical Parameters ( Valjevo-Mionica 

Basin, Serbia). ( 英文 ). Sajnovic A; Simic V; 

Jovancicevic B;Cvetkovic O; Dimitrijevic R; 

Grubin N. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2008, 82(6): 

1201-1212 

Sediments of the western part of the 

Valjevo-Mionica basin ( Serbia ) were 

examined both geochemically and 

mineralogically to explain, on the basis of 

their sedimentologicai characteristics, the 

causes of changes in their qualitative and 

quantitative composition. A total of 62 

samples obtained from the drillhole at depths 

up to 400 m was investigated. Using 

correlation of the obtained data, six 

geochemical zones were defined, two of 

which being specially distinguished by their 

mineralogical, geochemical and 

sedimentological characteristics. The first one, 

upper zone A, consists of banded marlstones 

interbedded with clay and oil shales and is 

characterized by presence of analcite and 

searlesite. These minerals and very high 

contents of Na20 indicate sedimentation in 

alkaline conditions with increased salinity in 

arid climate. That provided pronounced water 

stratification, as well as higher bioproductivity 

196

in the basin and sedimentary organic matter 

preservation. Therefore, the zone A sediments 

are characterized by high organic matter 

contents of the type which provides good 

potential for production of liquid 

hydrocarbons. Another specific zone, zone F, 

contains sediments with very high MgO, K2O 

and Li concentrations. Their geochemical 

correlation, as well as almost complete 

absence of illite in this zone, indicates the 

presence of interstratified clay mineral type 

illite-saponite ( lithium-bearing Mgsmectite). 

2009020600 

第四季湖泊构造地貌及其对青藏高原北部 

形变的意义 = Tectonic Landform of 

Quaternary Lakes and Its Implications for 

Deformation in the Northern Qinghai-Tibet 

Plateau. ( 英文 ). Wang An; Wang Guocan; Li 

Dewei; Xie Defan; Liu Demin. Acta 


The Hohxil region in the northern Qinghai- 

Tibet Plateau is occupied by numerous plateau 

lakes, which have long been inferred as being 

tectonic products. However, so far little 

evidence has been found to support this 

tentative inference. Field survey and 

morphotectonic analysis of TM satellite 

images in the eastern segment of the Hohxil 

region revealed that Kusai Lake and Yelusu 

Lake are S- shaped pull-apart basins, which 

were dominated by left strike-slip master 

faults trending WNW-ESE. The pull-apart 

distances of the two lakes are analyzed to be 

〈15-20 km and 15 km respectively. Based on 

studies of the faulting rate, the initiation ages 

of the pull-apart basins are suggested to be 

approximately in the Early Pleistocene. The 

pull-apart basin tectonics is further regarded 

as a common mechanism for the widely 

distributed large lake basins in the northern 

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Regional distribution 

of these pull-apart basins and their substantial 

intra-block slip suggest that a sinistral shear 

stress, which is independent of the 

distinguished strike-slip faults, has been 

imposed on across the northern Qinghai-Tibet 

Plateau. Thus, the intra-block slip may be an 

important expression of the eastward extrusion 

of the Plateau crustal material in 

accommodating the ongoing continentcontinent 

convergence between India and 

Eurasia. The revelation of pull-apart tectonics 

within the Plateau hinterland provides field 

evidence and a possible style of deformation 

for the newly proposed continuous 

deformation by the global positioning system 

( GPS ) measurement across the northern 

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A model, with respect 

to systematic tectonic landform development, 

for pull- apart basins is finally proposed. 

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