Exam topics for the oral examination - physics (1st semester)
Exam topics for the oral examination - physics (1st semester)
Exam topics for the oral examination - physics (1st semester)
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Medical Physics and Statistics I.<br />
Topics <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>physics</strong> part of <strong>the</strong> <strong>oral</strong> <strong>examination</strong>, academic year 2012 -2013,<br />
<strong>1st</strong> <strong>semester</strong><br />
Oral <strong>examination</strong> is offered to students directly after <strong>the</strong> 3rd failed attempt. Following a short<br />
preparation, two randomly selected <strong>topics</strong> (one related to <strong>the</strong> lectures, one related to <strong>the</strong><br />
laboratory practicals) is to be presented in a concise and coherent manner.<br />
Lecture <strong>topics</strong><br />
1. Physics as <strong>the</strong> background of diagnostics and <strong>the</strong>rapy (give examples)<br />
2. Defining <strong>the</strong> position of a point particle in Cartesian and polar coordinates<br />
3. The SI system<br />
4. Basic ma<strong>the</strong>matical tools to describe physiological phenomena.<br />
5. Equations describing <strong>the</strong> motion of point particles (motion in 1 dimension, periodic<br />
motion).<br />
6. Distance v time and velocity v time graphs: description and application in motion<br />
analysis.<br />
7. Graphical presentation of physical phenomena: linear, exponential and logarithmic<br />
relationships.<br />
8. Ma<strong>the</strong>matical operations with vectors (adding and subtracting vectors, multiplying a<br />
vector by a scalar, scalar and vector product of vectors) with examples in <strong>physics</strong>.<br />
9. Interpretation of <strong>the</strong> area under <strong>the</strong> graph in <strong>physics</strong> (velocity v time and pressure v<br />
volume graphs)<br />
10. Linear and circular motion of point particles.<br />
11. Newton’s laws.<br />
12. Force and torque.<br />
13. Elastic de<strong>for</strong>mation of solid objects.<br />
14. Work, energy, power.<br />
15. Oscillations: definition and types.<br />
16. Kinematics and dynamics of simple harmonic oscillations.<br />
17. Adding harmonic oscillations. Resolving a general oscillation to harmonic components.<br />
18. Damped oscillations, <strong>for</strong>ced oscillations.<br />
19. Mechanical waves: types, description.<br />
20. Reflection and refraction of sound and <strong>the</strong> interface of two media.<br />
21. Objective and subjective sound intensity.<br />
22. Doppler effect, blood flow velocity measurement based on <strong>the</strong> Doppler effect.<br />
23. Geometrical optics: light refraction, reflection, dispersion, total internal reflection.<br />
24. Optical imaging, properties of <strong>the</strong> image. Types of optical lenses, <strong>the</strong> lens equation.<br />
25. Refraction in <strong>the</strong> human eye, vision defects and <strong>the</strong>ir correction, accommodation.<br />
26. Wave nature of light: interference, diffraction, polarisation<br />
27. Temperature: concept, measurement. Temperature scales.<br />
28. Thermodynamic description of phase changes.<br />
29. Basic parameters and laws describing <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmodynamics of gases.<br />
30. Heat transfer: radiation, convection, conduction. Heat capacity. Pressure, flow velocity,<br />
cross-section in <strong>the</strong> human blood circulation system.<br />
31. Flow of ideal fluids: Bernoulli’s law.<br />
32. Flow of real (viscous) fluids. Laminar and turbulent flow.<br />
33. Non-invasive measurement of arterial pressure.<br />
34. Fick’s first law; what does <strong>the</strong> diffusion coefficient depend on
35. Fick’s second law; interpretation and medical importance.<br />
36. The definition and measurement of osmosis.<br />
37. The medical importance of osmosis.<br />
38. The basic concepts of <strong>the</strong>rmodynamics.<br />
39. The main principles of <strong>the</strong>rmodynamics and <strong>the</strong>ir validity in biological systems.<br />
40. The definition of entropy and its role in <strong>the</strong>rmodynamic equilibrium.<br />
41. Give some examples how <strong>the</strong> enthalpy and entropy changes determine <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>rmodynamic equilibrium.<br />
42. Kirchhoff’s laws and <strong>the</strong>ir importance.<br />
43. Ohm’s law and its consequences.<br />
44. Power and work of electric current. Heat dissipation.<br />
45. Magnetic effect of electric currents.<br />
46. Interaction between resting charged particles. Electric field strength, Coulomb’s law.<br />
Potential difference (voltage).<br />
47. Work done <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> separation of electric charges. The capacitor.<br />
48. Magnetic interaction.<br />
49. Varying magnetic field and induced electric phenomena.<br />
50. Bioelectrical processes, diagnostic applications.<br />
51. Definition of signal and data.<br />
52. Main types of deterministic and non-deterministic signals.<br />
53. Digitalisation of signals, sampling <strong>the</strong>orem.<br />
54. Frequency spectrum of signals, filtering.<br />
Laboratory practical <strong>topics</strong><br />
1. Calculation and importance of body mass index. Calculation of body surface area.<br />
2. Types of measurement error, possibility <strong>for</strong> elimination.<br />
3. Calculation of mechanical work and power.<br />
4. Work done on a spring.<br />
5. Relationship between grip <strong>for</strong>ce and EMG signal during a short-term manoeuvre.<br />
6. Relationship between grip <strong>for</strong>ce and EMG signal during a fatigue manoeuvre.<br />
7. Adding oscillations. Frequency and spectrum of <strong>the</strong> beat signal.<br />
8. Properties of sound. The dB scale.<br />
9. Characteristic points of <strong>the</strong> electrocardiogram, sections of <strong>the</strong> heart cycle.<br />
10. Evaluation of <strong>the</strong> electrocardiogram (baseline smoothing, determination of <strong>the</strong> heart<br />
rate, QRS amplitude, RR variability, QT/RR ratio).<br />
11. Recording of an electrocardiogram, unipolar and bipolar leads.<br />
Szeged, 2013. 05. 30.<br />
Prof. Ferenc Bari<br />
Professor, Head of Institute