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34 The Rise and Stall of the Generative Net extent to which ISPs ought to be able to prioritize certain data streams over others by favoring some destinations or particular service providers over others. 53 (That debate is joined in a later chapter.) * * * The assumptions made by the Internet’s framers and embedded in the network—that most problems could be solved later and by others, and that those others themselves would be interested in solving rather than creating problems—arose naturally within the research environment that gave birth to the Internet. For all the pettiness sometimes associated with academia, there was a collaborative spirit present in computer science research labs, in part because the project of designing and implementing a new network—connecting people—can benefit so readily from collaboration. It is one thing for the Internet to work the way it was designed when deployed among academics whose raison d’être was to build functioning networks. But the network managed an astonishing leap as it continued to work when expanded into the general populace, one which did not share the worldview that informed the engineers’ designs. Indeed, it not only continued to work, but experienced spectacular growth in the uses to which it was put. It is as if the bizarre social and economic configuration of the quasi-anarchist Burning Man festival turned out to function in the middle of a city. 54 What works in a desert is harder to imagine in Manhattan: people crashing on each others’ couches, routinely sharing rides and food, and loosely bartering things of value. At the turn of the twenty-first century, then, the developed world has found itself with a wildly generative information technology environment. Today we enjoy an abundance of PCs hosting routine, if not always-on, broadband Internet connections. 55 The generative PC has become intertwined with the generative Internet, and the brief era during which information appliances and appliancized networks flourished—Brother word processors and CompuServe—might appear to be an evolutionary dead end. Those alternatives are not dead. They have been only sleeping. To see why, we now turn to the next step of the pattern that emerges at each layer of generative technologies: initial success triggers expansion, which is followed by boundary, one that grows out of the very elements that make that layer appealing. The Internet flourished by beginning in a backwater with few expectations, allowing its architecture to be simple and fluid. The PC had parallel hobbyist backwater days. Each was first adopted in an ethos of sharing and tinkering, with profit ancillary, and each was then embraced and greatly im-
Battle of the Networks 35 proved by commercial forces. But each is now facing problems that call for some form of intervention, a tricky situation since intervention is not easy— and, if undertaken, might ruin the very environment it is trying to save. The next chapter explains this process at the technological layer: why the status quo is drawing to a close, confronting us—policy-makers, entrepreneurs, technology providers, and, most importantly, Internet and PC users—with choices we can no longer ignore.
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Page 5 and 6: A Caravan book. For more informatio
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Page 9 and 10: viii Foreword porn on the Net. But
Page 11 and 12: x Preface to the Paperback Edition
Page 13 and 14: Introduction On January 9, 2007, St
Page 15 and 16: Introduction 3 Jobs was not shy abo
Page 17 and 18: Introduction 5 some might welcome t
Page 19 and 20: I The Rise and Stall of the Generat
Page 21 and 22: The Rise and Stall of the Generativ
Page 23 and 24: 1 Battle of the Boxes Herman Holler
Page 25 and 26: Battle of the Boxes 13 Rethreading
Page 27 and 28: Battle of the Boxes 15 The business
Page 29 and 30: Battle of the Boxes 17 writing new
Page 31 and 32: 2 Battle of the Networks As the pri
Page 33 and 34: Battle of the Networks 21 sumptions
Page 35 and 36: Battle of the Networks 23 collectin
Page 37 and 38: Battle of the Networks 25 expense o
Page 39 and 40: Battle of the Networks 27 The Inter
Page 41 and 42: Battle of the Networks 29 compatibi
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Page 45: Battle of the Networks 33 tance. Be
Page 49 and 50: Cybersecurity and the Generative Di
Page 61 and 62: Table 3.1. Rankings of malicious ac
Page 75 and 76: II After the Stall In Part I of thi
Page 77 and 78: After the Stall 65 systems function
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Page 87 and 88: Table 4.1. Examples of generative t
Page 89 and 90: The Generative Pattern 77 GENERATIV
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The Generative Pattern 85 even smal
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The Generative Pattern 87 pipes to
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The Generative Pattern 89 work, 46
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The Generative Pattern 91 But indep
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The Generative Pattern 93 PowerPoin
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The Generative Pattern 95 RECURSION
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The Generative Pattern 97 adaptable
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The Generative Pattern 99 chained u
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5 Tethered Appliances, Software as
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Perfect Enforcement 103 wish to ope
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Perfect Enforcement 105 for when we
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Perfect Enforcement 107 for which o
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Perfect Enforcement 109 specific, u
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Perfect Enforcement 111 by purchase
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Perfect Enforcement 113 Governments
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Perfect Enforcement 115 ernment, th
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Perfect Enforcement 117 cle cannot
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Perfect Enforcement 119 text, but b
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Perfect Enforcement 121 party innov
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Perfect Enforcement 123 very least,
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Perfect Enforcement 125 Continuous
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6 The Lessons of Wikipedia The Dutc
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 129 alized
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 131 THE RI
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 133 “not
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 135 decidi
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 137 Qualit
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 139 does l
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 141 der th
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 143 text,
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 145 trator
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The Lessons of Wikipedia 147 “sem
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III Solutions This book has explain
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Solutions 151 make it more difficul
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7 Stopping the Future of the Intern
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Stability on a Generative Net 155 o
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Stability on a Generative Net 157 c
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Stability on a Generative Net 159 g
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Stability on a Generative Net 161 n
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Stability on a Generative Net 163 d
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Stability on a Generative Net 165 e
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Stability on a Generative Net 167 e
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Stability on a Generative Net 169 a
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Stability on a Generative Net 171 G
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Stability on a Generative Net 173 m
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8 Strategies for a Generative Futur
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Strategies for a Generative Future
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Meeting the Risks of Generativity:
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Conclusion Nicholas Negroponte, for
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Conclusion 237 dren in the developi
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Conclusion 239 ture, and they are a
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Conclusion 241 can convincingly put
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Conclusion 243 niqués that emerge
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Conclusion 245 education project, a
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Acknowledgments Many people helped
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Notes INTRODUCTION 1. Steve Jobs, C
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Notes to Pages 11-13 251 CHAPTER 1.
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Notes to Pages 17-21 253 States v.
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Notes to Pages 23-26 255 General El
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Notes to Pages 28-29 257 approach,
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Notes to Pages 32-36 259 47. See, e
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Notes to Pages 38-42 261 of cyber a
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Notes to Pages 45-47 263 .org/pdfs/
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Notes to Pages 51-54 265 84. See Pa
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Notes to Pages 61-72 267 111. U.S.
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Notes to Pages 82-88 269 havioral A
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Notes to Page 89 271 tor, http://so
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Notes to Pages 91-95 273 62. Id. 63
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Notes to Pages 96-102 275 (last vis
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Notes to Pages 104-5 277 ality in y
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Notes to Pages 108-10 279 sion, Sec
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Notes to Pages 115-17 283 on Our Na
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Notes to Pages 179-81 303 13. One s
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Notes to Pages 209-12 315 a Real Bu
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Notes to Pages 214-15 317 idence in
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Notes to Pages 224-25 321 1, 2007);
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Notes to Pages 232-34 325 something
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Notes to Pages 237-44 327 7. See, e
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Index accessibility, 29, 72-73, 77,
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Index 331 15; and endpoint control,
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Index 333 EMI (music company), 121
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Index 335 compared to, 73-76; limit
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Index 337 Microsoft Windows, 3, 4;
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Index 339 for other limitations, 11
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Index 341 Timex/Sinclair Z-1000, 13
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