RARE EARTHS 101 - Avalon Rare Metals
RARE EARTHS 101 - Avalon Rare Metals
RARE EARTHS 101 - Avalon Rare Metals
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REE Supply cHAin<br />
<strong>RARE</strong> EARTH ElEmEnT pRocESS:<br />
FRom RocK To TomoRRoW’S pRoducTS<br />
Mining<br />
Milling<br />
Hydrometallurgy<br />
Separation<br />
Refining<br />
Products<br />
From the<br />
ground to<br />
crushed ore<br />
Grinding and<br />
beneficiation of<br />
REE minerals<br />
Cracking the REE<br />
minerals to produce<br />
mixed REE oxides<br />
concentrate<br />
Separating and<br />
purifying the<br />
individual REE oxides<br />
To meet specific<br />
downstream technology<br />
applications<br />
Permanent magnets,<br />
LED’s, consumer<br />
electronics<br />
<strong>Avalon</strong>’s contribution to REE supply chain<br />
Value added<br />
REE pRicinG: dySpRoSium And nEodymium<br />
dy oxide 99% min FoB china - nd oxide 99% min FoB china<br />
Dy Oxide 99% min FOB China - $/kg<br />
3,000<br />
2,500<br />
2,000<br />
1,500<br />
1,000<br />
500<br />
0<br />
0<br />
May - 01 May - 02 May - 03 May - 04 May - 05 May - 06 May - 07 May - 08 May - 09 May - 10 May - 11 May - 12<br />
400,000<br />
350,000<br />
300,000<br />
250,000<br />
200,000<br />
150,000<br />
100,000<br />
50,000<br />
Nd Oxide 99% min FOB China - $/mt<br />
Date range: May 2001 - May 2012<br />
Source: Metal-Pages<br />
coRpoRATE SociAl RESponSiBiliTy<br />
<strong>Rare</strong> earth based materials are fundamental components in many<br />
modern day clean technologies. <strong>Avalon</strong> believes that environmental,<br />
economic and social responsibility should be integral to the upstream<br />
activities used to create these critical materials; from exploration and<br />
development to production.<br />
In this spirit, <strong>Avalon</strong> released its first Annual Corporate Sustainability<br />
Report in April 2012. This report was completed in accordance to the standards of the Global<br />
Reporting Initiative (GRI), Application Level C. Download a copy at avalonraremetals.com.<br />
www.raremetalblog.com<br />
<strong>RARE</strong> METAL APPLICATIONS is designed to encourage<br />
the sharing of scientific and engineering advances related<br />
to rare metals among industrial users, investors, policy<br />
makers, entrepreneurs and academia.
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