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Stichting Terre des Hommes Nederland Zoutmanstraat 42-44 2518 GS The Hague Tel. (070) 3105000 E-mail: info@tdh.nl Internet: www.terredeshommes.nl Authors: Marianna Närhi, Lucien Stöpler Fieldwork: Koosje van der Loo, Marianna Närhi, Imke van der Velde Desk study: Jasper Wouda, Ikram Cakir Cover: Sven Torfinn Copyright: Terre des Hommes Nederland, March 2010 All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction. 2
The Future of Child Labour Study of the worst forms of child labour in Bangladesh, Bolivia, India, Kenya, Peru, Tanzania and Uganda Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. 5 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 6 The research ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Legal analysis of child labour ............................................................................................................. 8 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................... 15 Bangladesh .......................................................................................................................................... 17 1. Introduction and background to child exploitation ................................................ 17 2. Law and policy .............................................................................................................. 18 3. Forms .............................................................................................................................. 19 4. Interventions .................................................................................................................. 27 5. Recommendations by respondents ............................................................................ 31 6. Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 32 7. List of respondents ........................................................................................................ 33 India ..................................................................................................................................................... 35 1. Introduction and background to child exploitation ................................................ 35 2. Law and policy .............................................................................................................. 36 3. Forms .............................................................................................................................. 38 4. Interventions .................................................................................................................. 44 5. Recommendations by respondents ............................................................................ 47 6. Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 48 7. List of respondents ........................................................................................................ 49 Bolivia .................................................................................................................................................. 51 1. Introduction and background to child exploitation ................................................ 51 2. Law and policy .............................................................................................................. 53 3. Forms .............................................................................................................................. 54 4. Interventions .................................................................................................................. 60 5. Recommendations by respondents ............................................................................ 63 6. Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 64 7. List of respondents ........................................................................................................ 65 Peru ...................................................................................................................................................... 67 1. Introduction and background to child exploitation ................................................ 67 2. Law and policy .............................................................................................................. 69 3. Forms .............................................................................................................................. 70 4. Interventions .................................................................................................................. 75 5. Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 78 3
Page 4 and 5: 6. List of respondents ............
Page 6 and 7: Introduction This report is based o
Page 8 and 9: Legal analysis of child labour The
Page 10 and 11: (ILO, Targeting the Intolerable, 19
Page 12 and 13: Prohibiting prostitution is require
Page 14 and 15: depend on police force, but also on
Page 16 and 17: Optional Protocol to the Convention
Page 18 and 19: It is still the norm culturally for
Page 20 and 21: children in Bangladesh can be descr
Page 22 and 23: The road to sex work In both floati
Page 24 and 25: heterosexual man may also have sex
Page 26 and 27: The average hiring age in Dhaka’s
Page 28 and 29: exploitation of children also appea
Page 30 and 31: Child Advocacy Forum and Bangladesh
Page 32 and 33: themselves 57 . Policy changes at t
Page 34 and 35: Interviews with members of the Hori
Page 36 and 37: Various social trends and their sub
Page 38 and 39: fine. Whoever ostensibly procures a
Page 40 and 41: households with child domestic labo
Page 42 and 43: exploited, as there is no fear of p
Page 44 and 45: older they move on to better paying
Page 46 and 47: The Indian government's focus on ed
Page 48 and 49: The government needs to disseminate
Page 50 and 51: Interviews with children and famili
Page 52 and 53:
International, indicates that 60% o
Page 54 and 55:
The new constitution (2007) prohibi
Page 56 and 57:
stranded in an unknown environment.
Page 58 and 59:
They work with machetes, exposing t
Page 60 and 61:
and diseases. An adult earns Bs60-1
Page 62 and 63:
According to CNNA, people under the
Page 64 and 65:
There is a need to raise awareness
Page 66 and 67:
Sucre Sister Cira, Centro Santa Clo
Page 68 and 69:
violence can leave children without
Page 70 and 71:
at 4 hours a day. Children between
Page 72 and 73:
Human trafficking is a definite rea
Page 74 and 75:
absence of specialized knowledge ab
Page 76 and 77:
psychoactive substances. Unfortunat
Page 78 and 79:
children with no interest in ending
Page 80 and 81:
Alejandro Cussianovich Villaran, MA
Page 82 and 83:
to access schools in their new situ
Page 84 and 85:
The working day for child domestic
Page 86 and 87:
d. Hazardous work: work which, by i
Page 88 and 89:
5. Recommendations by respondents A
Page 90 and 91:
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics
Page 92 and 93:
Tanzania 1. Introduction and backgr
Page 94 and 95:
Children are forbidden from working
Page 96 and 97:
According to ILO (ILO 2006) estimat
Page 98 and 99:
officials since legislation is offi
Page 100 and 101:
ILO/IPEC. 2003. Facts on Child Dome
Page 102 and 103:
street children, incidence of domes
Page 104 and 105:
government has become aware of the
Page 106 and 107:
4. Interventions Government initiat
Page 108 and 109:
5. Recommendations by respondents T
Page 110 and 111:
7. List of respondents Kampala: Ans
Page 112 and 113:
Secondly, poverty is often cited as
Page 114 and 115:
organisations. The Indian state Goa
Page 116 and 117:
Recommendations A constant improvem
Page 118 and 119:
Annex List of topics and questions
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