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Ibn Ezra, Avraham<br />

Thomas in Romania; David Simon Blondheim in Les Parlers judéo-romans et la Vetus<br />

latina; and Lazar Sâineanu in Autour des sources indigènes.<br />

Citations of <strong>the</strong> Astrological Treatises of Ibn Ezra<br />

In <strong>the</strong> introduction to Beginning of Wisdom, Raphael Levy writes:<br />

The number of citations of <strong>the</strong> astrological treatises of Abraham ibn<br />

Ezra is legion. The Hebraists who cited <strong>the</strong>m from <strong>the</strong> twelfth to <strong>the</strong><br />

seventeenth century include: Samuel Abu Nasr ibn Abbas, Eleazer ben<br />

Juda ben Kalonymos, Jedaiah ben Abraham Bedersi, Levi ben Abraham<br />

ben hayyim, Estori Farhi, Mordecai Comtino, Moses ibn Habib,<br />

Leon Mosconi, Joseph ben Eliezer of Saragossa, Samuel ibn Seneh<br />

Zarza, Samuel ben Saadia ibn Motot, Shem-Tob ben jehudah ibn<br />

Mayor, Immanuel ben Jacob Bonfils, Hayyim of Briviesca, Joseph Albo,<br />

Moses ben Elijah of Greece, Abraham ben Solomon of Torrutiel, Hayyim<br />

Vital, Eliezer of Germany, Joseph Solomon Delmedigo.<br />

In Latin literature, a list of references to <strong>the</strong>se astrological treatises<br />

made in <strong>the</strong> fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries<br />

is also quite imposing: John of Saxony, Firminus de Bellavalle, Nicolas<br />

de Cues, William Raymond Moncada, John of Glogau, Pico della<br />

Mirandola, Symon de Phares, Christopher Columbus, Abraham Zacuto,<br />

Augustinus Ricius, Johann Stoeffler, Luca Gaurico, Francesco<br />

Giuntini, Joseph Scaliger, Johann Bayer, Robert Fludd, Manasseh ben<br />

Israel, Athanasius Kircher, Aegidius Strauch.<br />

In modern scientific literature, one finds <strong>the</strong>se treatises mentioned by<br />

<strong>the</strong> leading historians of astronomy and kindred science: R. H. Allen,<br />

F. Boll, P. Duhem, C. de la Ronciere, C. A. Nallino, Dr. George Sarton,<br />

D. E. Smith, L. Thorndike, E. Tiede.<br />

Astrology and Religion<br />

Ibn Ezra’s Hebrew editors are usually apologetic when it comes to his involvement<br />

with <strong>astrology</strong> and <strong>the</strong> publication of <strong>the</strong>se works, explaining it by <strong>the</strong> need to<br />

properly understand his Biblical commentaries, in which he extensively resorts to<br />

astrological concepts and imagery.<br />

Ibn Ezra was a profoundly religious man, but <strong>astrology</strong> did not seem to cause<br />

any conflict with his faith. Throughout his work it is evident that he fully embraced<br />

<strong>astrology</strong>, in a hard-nosed and intelligent way, with no doubts, no hesitations and no<br />

religious dilemmas. Yet, <strong>the</strong>re is hardly any cross-over of religious thought into his<br />

astrological writings. Some reconciliation, however, is found in his <strong>the</strong>ological writings<br />

and also in <strong>the</strong> opening of The Beginning of Wisdom:<br />

The beginning of wisdom is <strong>the</strong> fear of God, for it is <strong>the</strong> instruction.<br />

For when a man does not follow his eyes and heart to fulfill his [worldly]<br />

desire, <strong>the</strong>n wisdom will rest in him. Moreover, <strong>the</strong> fear of God will<br />

protect him from <strong>the</strong> laws and decrees of <strong>the</strong> heavens all <strong>the</strong> days of his<br />

[356] THE ASTROLOGY BOOK

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