Customary Land Tenure in Liberia - Land Tenure and Property ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

i TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................................ i List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................................... viii List of Boxes ....................................................................................................................................................................... ix List of Images ..................................................................................................................................................................... ix Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................... x Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................................ xi Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................................... xii LAND USES AND LIVELIHOODS .................................................................................................................................................... XII RIGHTS AND RULES GOVERNING LAND USE ........................................................................................................................... XIV Rules for Accessing Land ..................................................................................................................................... xiv Women‟s Rights to Land ....................................................................................................................................... xv Rights to Other Natural Resources ..................................................................................................................... xvi Compliance with Tenure Rules ............................................................................................................................ xvi Statutory Tenure: Tribal Certificates, Deeds, Concessions, and State Land Rights ................................... xvii GOVERNANCE AUTHORITIES FOR LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES ............................................................................... XVII DISPUTE ............................................................................................................................................................................................ XIX DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS .......................................................................................................................................... XX SOURCES OF TENURE SECURITY AND INSECURITY ................................................................................................................... XX COMMUNITY RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................................................. XXI POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................................................................... XXI Legal Reforms ........................................................................................................................................................ xxii Documentation of Community Rights .............................................................................................................. xxii Tribal Certificates and Deeds .............................................................................................................................. xxii Rights Vested in Holders of Communal Rights.............................................................................................. xxiii Supporting Rural Investments ........................................................................................................................... xxiii Governance Authorities ...................................................................................................................................... xxiii Dispute Resolution .............................................................................................................................................. xxiv Concessions and Protected Areas ..................................................................................................................... xxiv Women‟s Land Rights ......................................................................................................................................... xxiv CUSTOMARY LAND TENURE IN LIBERIA
ii 1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY.......................................................................................................... 2 1.2 LAND TENURE AND RURAL LIVELIHOODS IN LIBERIA ............................................................................................... 4 1.2.1 Overview of Land Tenure ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.2.2 History of Liberian Livelihoods .................................................................................................................... 5 1.2.3 Effects of the War on Livelihoods ............................................................................................................... 6 1.2.4 Livelihoods Today ........................................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 HISTORY OF LAND TENURE IN LIBERIA ......................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.1 Overview of Customary Tenure ................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.2 Overview of Statutory Law Governing Tenure in Rural Liberia ............................................................. 9 1.4 INTERFACE BETWEEN CUSTOMARY AND STATUTORY LAW...................................................................................... 12 2.0 Research Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 14 2.1 SITE SELECTION ................................................................................................................................................................ 14 2.2 METHODS FOR GATHERING AND REPORTING INFORMATION ................................................................................ 16 2.3 LIMITS TO STUDY............................................................................................................................................................... 18 3.0 Land Use and Livelihoods ............................................................................................................................ 20 3.1 PROFILES OF COMMUNITIES VISITED ........................................................................................................................... 20 3.2 LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCE USES ......................................................................................................................... 20 3.3 LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................................................................. 21 3.2.1 Farming ........................................................................................................................................................... 21 Upland Rice ................................................................................................................................................................ 22 Swamp Rice ................................................................................................................................................................. 24 Vegetable Gardens ...................................................................................................................................................... 25 Sugarcane .................................................................................................................................................................... 25 Communal Farming .................................................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.2 Trees ................................................................................................................................................................ 26 Rubber ........................................................................................................................................................................ 26 Cocoa .......................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Coffee .......................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Oil Palm ..................................................................................................................................................................... 29 Other Life Trees .......................................................................................................................................................... 29 3.2.3 Household Divisions of Labor ................................................................................................................... 29 CUSTOMARY LAND TENURE IN LIBERIA
Page 1 and 2: LAND POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL SUPPO
Page 3: LIBERIA LAND POLICY & INSTITUTIONAL
Page 7 and 8: iv 4.2.1 Statutory Tenure Claims by
Page 9 and 10: vi 7.3.2 Courts ...................
Page 11 and 12: viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Ma
Page 13 and 14: x ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS CDC CF
Page 15 and 16: xii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report s
Page 17 and 18: xiv game for both sale and consumpt
Page 19 and 20: xvi manage tree crops where these a
Page 21 and 22: xviii In the clans we visited, stat
Page 23 and 24: xx DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS Di
Page 25 and 26: xxii Recommended measures include t
Page 27 and 28: xxiv Remove land and governance au
Page 29 and 30: 2 This chapter begins with a presen
Page 31 and 32: 4 1.2 LAND TENURE AND RURAL LIVELIH
Page 33 and 34: 6 (Renner, 1931). Initially lacking
Page 35 and 36: 8 1.3 HISTORY OF LAND TENURE IN LIB
Page 37 and 38: 10 Certificate is merely a permit t
Page 39 and 40: 12 however, rights granted to commu
Page 41 and 42: 14 2.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This ch
Page 43 and 44: 16 Figure 2.2: FEWS-NET map of Libe
Page 45 and 46: 18 In each case, after completion o
Page 47 and 48: 20 3.0 LAND USE AND LIVELIHOODS Thi
Page 49 and 50: 22 Upland Rice Cultivated in each o
Page 51 and 52: 24 money quickly. However, they als
Page 53 and 54: 26 3.2.2 Trees In addition to food
Page 55 and 56:
28 large rubber farms ranging from
Page 57 and 58:
30 tasks assigned to women and vice
Page 59 and 60:
32 3.2.7 Hunting and Fishing In mos
Page 61 and 62:
34 bush and fell trees on a farmer
Page 63 and 64:
36 men‟s focus on life tree culti
Page 65 and 66:
38 from one or more patrilineages,
Page 67 and 68:
40 Figure 4.1: Access to land for f
Page 69 and 70:
42 Figure 4.2: Children’s acquisi
Page 71 and 72:
44 Figure 4.3: Profile of borrowing
Page 73 and 74:
46 he/she is fully integrated as a
Page 75 and 76:
48 widows will sometimes marry a ma
Page 77 and 78:
50 Several communities have rules g
Page 79 and 80:
52 Bush and Forest Resources In all
Page 81 and 82:
54 Water and Fishing Access to wate
Page 83 and 84:
56 Other factors cited for contribu
Page 85 and 86:
58 Figure 4.6: Presence of differen
Page 87 and 88:
60 bush resources largely follows c
Page 89 and 90:
62 In Ylan, some land is held under
Page 91 and 92:
64 the majority of studied clans, t
Page 93 and 94:
66 We also found that, in the clans
Page 95 and 96:
68 In some clans such as Upper Work
Page 97 and 98:
70 Town Chiefs Town Chiefs represen
Page 99 and 100:
72 dispute resolution. 55 While in
Page 101 and 102:
74 such as Clan and Paramount Chief
Page 103 and 104:
76 some women who held positions as
Page 105 and 106:
78 could rely. This in turn produce
Page 107 and 108:
80 community sometimes encounter re
Page 109 and 110:
82 rubber on adjacent land, as well
Page 111 and 112:
84 In other clans, including Ding a
Page 113 and 114:
86 Disputes over Mining Mana Clan c
Page 115 and 116:
88 7.0 DISPUTE RESOLUTION Dispute r
Page 117 and 118:
90 7.2.2 Chairladies In Dobli, Gban
Page 119 and 120:
92 7.3.4 Disputes between Clans/Dis
Page 121 and 122:
94 In some clans, the abundance of
Page 123 and 124:
96 8.2.2 Scale of Ownership Claims
Page 125 and 126:
98 If communities anticipate that t
Page 127 and 128:
100 The importance of documenting c
Page 129 and 130:
102 The current land tenure sys
Page 131 and 132:
104 10.0 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS In
Page 133 and 134:
106 communities. Instead, we sugges
Page 135 and 136:
108 apply for fee simple tenure. Th
Page 137 and 138:
110 tenure unit. Instead, this role
Page 139 and 140:
112 Tribal Certificates and Deeds R
Page 141 and 142:
114 REFERENCES SECONDARY SOURCES Ak
Page 143 and 144:
116 Wallace, Carolyn Gamiao and Rol
Page 145 and 146:
118 DATE TIME ACTIVITY March 23, 20
Page 147 and 148:
120 ANNEX 3: NORTHEAST TRANSECT, DO
Page 149 and 150:
122 ANNEX 5: TOWN MAP, SAYKLEKAN CL
Page 151 and 152:
124 ANNEX 7: HISTORICAL MATRIX, YLA
Page 153 and 154:
126 ANNEX 9: DOBLI DISPUTE LETTER C
Page 155 and 156:
128 ANNEX 11: TRIBAL CERTIFICATE FO
Page 157 and 158:
130 ANNEX 13: SEASONAL CALENDARS, M
Page 159 and 160:
132 ANNEX 14: COMMUNITY FOREST BY-L
Page 161 and 162:
134 CUSTOMARY LAND TENURE IN LIBERI
Page 163 and 164:
136 b. A family or individual shall
Page 165 and 166:
138 a. Standing Rules Tree
Page 167 and 168:
140 The amount of rattan collecte
Page 169 and 170:
142 o o o o o o o Antelope Hippo
Page 171 and 172:
144 Any community member or gro
Page 173:
146 U.S. Agency for International D
show all

Customary Land Tenure in Liberia - Land Tenure and Property ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?