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Cancer Center Annual Report 2006 - St. Mary Medical Center

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2 0 0 6 | A N N U A L R E P O R T<br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> Regional <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong>


CANCER COMMITTEE<br />

Physician Members<br />

Michael P. Mann,<br />

DO, FACOI<br />

Chairman,<br />

<strong>Medical</strong> Oncology<br />

Andrea Barrio, MD<br />

Breast Surgery<br />

Brett L. Moses, MD<br />

Otolaryngology<br />

Robert E. Reilly, DO<br />

Director, <strong>Cancer</strong> Research<br />

<strong>Medical</strong> Oncology<br />

Peter Sinaiko, MD<br />

Urology<br />

Randy Booth<br />

Thoracic Oncology<br />

Coordinator<br />

Joseph Camp, RPh<br />

Pharmacy<br />

Julie Cannan-Siegle<br />

Nutrition<br />

<strong>St</strong>ephanie Loeper<br />

Social Work<br />

Ed Maher<br />

VP/CFO<br />

Theresa McGrath<br />

American <strong>Cancer</strong> Society<br />

Liaison<br />

Richard C. Berg, Jr.<br />

General Surgery<br />

Guillermo J. Bernal, MD<br />

Physical Medicine/Rehab<br />

Robert M. Cardinale, MD<br />

Radiation Oncology<br />

Benjamin S. Chack, DO<br />

<strong>Cancer</strong> Liaison Physician<br />

Otorhinolaryngology–Surgery<br />

Brian Chon, MD<br />

Radiation Oncology<br />

Joseph Conroy, MD<br />

VP, <strong>Medical</strong> Affairs<br />

Zenon Gibas, MD<br />

Pathology<br />

Michael Guttman, MD<br />

<strong>Medical</strong> Oncology<br />

Howard Hammer, DO<br />

Surgery, Otolaryngology<br />

Wayne M. Marley, MD<br />

Dermatology<br />

Diana <strong>St</strong>ripp, MD<br />

Radiation Oncology<br />

Paul Weiser, MD<br />

Radiology<br />

Other Members<br />

Barbara Adons, BSN, RN<br />

Community Health Services<br />

Christine Armetta,<br />

BS, MBA, CCRA<br />

Oncology Research<br />

Coordinator<br />

Margaret Benner<br />

Process Improvement<br />

Coordinator<br />

Robin Bitting<br />

Radiology Services<br />

Jackie Boekel, RT<br />

Radiology & Imaging<br />

Services Director<br />

<strong>Mary</strong> F. Connolly, PA-C<br />

Oncology Research<br />

Coordinator<br />

<strong>St</strong>efanie Crawford, LSW<br />

Supportive/Palliative Care<br />

Patrick Donohue<br />

Marketing &<br />

Communications<br />

<strong>Mary</strong> Doyle, RN<br />

Pain Management Program<br />

Merle Eskowitz<br />

Holistic Health Program<br />

Christine Eustace<br />

Pain Management Program<br />

Vicki Farrell, RN<br />

Radiation Therapy – Nurse<br />

Education<br />

Jane Fridman, RHIT<br />

Tumor Registrar<br />

Sandra Holly, RN, BSN<br />

Nurse Manager Oncology<br />

Sr. Marie Barbara McNamara<br />

Spiritual Care<br />

Suzanne Monte<br />

Administrative Director<br />

Radiology/Oncology<br />

Mital Patel, RHIA, CTR<br />

Lead Tumor Registrar<br />

Charles Quinn, RTT<br />

<strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong> Manager<br />

Christina Rybak, MS<br />

Family Risk Evaluation<br />

Program Coordinator<br />

Judy <strong>St</strong>evens, RN, BSN, OCN<br />

Palliative Care/Support<br />

Service<br />

Debbie Thompson-Carry,<br />

RN, BSN, OCN<br />

Oncology Nursing Education<br />

William Trojan, MBA<br />

Oncology Program Director


TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />

I. Chairman’s <strong>Report</strong>.........................................................................................................................................5<br />

II. <strong>Cancer</strong> Support Services...............................................................................................................................8<br />

Clinical Research Program .....................................................................................................................8<br />

Family Risk Evaluation Program ...........................................................................................................8<br />

Diagnostic Radiology .............................................................................................................................9<br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> Breast <strong>Center</strong>..........................................................................................................................10<br />

Radiation Oncology.............................................................................................................................10<br />

Inpatient Oncology Unit......................................................................................................................11<br />

Oncology Nursing Education ..............................................................................................................12<br />

Outpatient Infusion <strong>Center</strong> .................................................................................................................12<br />

Pharmacy.............................................................................................................................................12<br />

Nutritional Counseling ........................................................................................................................13<br />

Pain Management <strong>Center</strong>.....................................................................................................................13<br />

Supportive / Palliative Care..................................................................................................................14<br />

Healing Ministries................................................................................................................................14<br />

Holistic Services...................................................................................................................................15<br />

Social Services .....................................................................................................................................15<br />

Spiritual Care ......................................................................................................................................16<br />

III. <strong>Cancer</strong> Program Activities...........................................................................................................................17<br />

IV. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.....................................................................................18<br />

V. <strong>Cancer</strong> Registry <strong>Report</strong>................................................................................................................................19<br />

VI. Multidisciplinary <strong>Cancer</strong> Conferences.........................................................................................................21<br />

VII. <strong>St</strong>atistical <strong>Report</strong>s........................................................................................................................................22<br />

A. Risk of Falls for the Aging <strong>Cancer</strong> Population.........................................................................................22<br />

B. Utilizing Partial Breast Irradiation...........................................................................................................24<br />

VIII. Glossary of Terms......................................................................................................................................26<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| |


To raise awareness about the importance of routine mammogram screening, the <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> Breast <strong>Center</strong> hosted a town hall meeting<br />

on October 26. CN8’s Lynn Doyle moderated the panel, and the session aired on the Comcast Network. Pictured (from L-R) are:<br />

Dr. William Mechanic, Radiologist; Dr. Robert Reilly, <strong>Medical</strong> Director of <strong>Cancer</strong> Research; Lynn Doyle; Dr. Brian Chon, Radiation<br />

Oncologist; and breast cancer patient Nancy Broadbent.<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| |


ON E<br />

CHAIRMAN’S REPORT<br />

This past year has been one of significant progress here at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong>. Since its inception,<br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> has made caring for cancer patients a priority. Now, as a result of the committed efforts<br />

of the Board of Directors and the unfaltering energy of a dedicated staff, we are able to<br />

proudly offer the community the most comprehensive, state-of-the-art cancer management<br />

in a beautiful and convenient setting close to home.<br />

Today’s sophisticated patients are aware of cutting-edge treatments and have a<br />

right to expect no less from their cancer center. That is why <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> has made it<br />

a priority to invest in the most advanced, up-to-date diagnostic and treatment<br />

technologies. By the end of 2007, we will have introduced several outstanding<br />

cancer care services. Because of this commitment, we are recognized as one of<br />

the most progressive cancer care providers in the Southeastern Pennsylvania<br />

region. In this way, at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> we are able to offer an uncompromised level of<br />

care in a location that is convenient for the families in Bucks County and the<br />

surrounding region.<br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> continues its Community Hospital Comprehensive <strong>Cancer</strong> Program with<br />

Michael P. Mann, DO, FACOI<br />

accreditation from the American College of Surgeons (ACoS) Commission on<br />

<strong>Cancer</strong>. Mindful of ACoS guidelines for quality care, our experts practice every<br />

day with the <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> emphasis on compassion — which is at the core of our values.<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| |


PREVENTION<br />

We always have made strong efforts toward cancer prevention,<br />

and as knowledge increases, we continue to adopt measures that<br />

protect our community. Therefore, <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Center</strong> has a<br />

smoke-free policy throughout its campus. Moving forward, we will<br />

have the breakthrough lung CAD technology that can digitally<br />

spot cancers too small to be seen through conventional x-ray. All<br />

patients ages 30 years or older who need to receive a chest x-ray<br />

for any reason automatically will be screened in this fashion to<br />

detect lung cancer as early as possible. Additionally, <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong><br />

continues its practice of offering free cancer-screening days to<br />

the community to educate and to help detect cancers of the<br />

skin, breast, and prostate.<br />

DIAGNOSIS<br />

In addition to our already excellent diagnostic capabilities, the year<br />

has seen the continued utilization and significant success of digital<br />

mammography. <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> anticipates the acquisition of PET/CT<br />

imaging, which will give clinicians more complete insight into the<br />

presence and extent of malignant disease. The accuracy and<br />

precision of this modality are unparalleled, and it will be at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong><br />

in early 2007.<br />

TREATMENT<br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> offers patients true multidisciplinary care. Oncologic<br />

surgeons at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> are experienced in treating neurologic,<br />

pulmonary, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, gynecologic, orthopedic,<br />

and cutaneous malignancies. Our medical oncologic staff is<br />

expanding and is prepared to intervene in virtually all adult patient<br />

malignancies.<br />

Our Radiation Oncology Department, staffed by experienced<br />

physicians, is now working with the most sophisticated and up-todate<br />

equipment in the region. We offer the patient radiation therapy<br />

(XRT) with conventional external beam therapy through our new<br />

linear accelerator. We have the capability of intensity modulated<br />

radiation therapy (IMRT), as well as conformational XRT that<br />

centers radiation specifically on the tumor, sparing nearby tissues.<br />

In addition to the more conventional radioactive seed form of<br />

brachytherapy, high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy will be an<br />

available treatment option. Also in early 2007, <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> will acquire<br />

additional advanced cancer treatment planning and therapeutic<br />

technologies such as Wide Bore CT with respiratory gating and<br />

HI-ART TomoTherapy, which will give us enhanced image-guided<br />

radiation therapy (IGRT) capabilities.<br />

HEALING<br />

At <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong>, treatment extends to the whole person — body, mind,<br />

and spirit. Nutritional counseling, meditation, exercise, bodywork<br />

therapies such as massage and Reiki therapy, and spiritual<br />

counseling are important elements of treatment. In continuation<br />

of their invaluable work at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong>, the Social Services and<br />

Spiritual Care Departments provide services such as hospice<br />

intervention, pain management, and spiritual counseling, as well<br />

as bereavement care.<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| |


<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> recognizes the need to support not only the cancer patient<br />

but also his or her family in coping with the life changes brought on<br />

by fighting cancer. Therefore, family members are embraced and<br />

incorporated into the healing process.<br />

other primary research hubs, we are expanding opportunities for<br />

research into cancer treatment breakthroughs.<br />

PHYSICAL FACILITIES<br />

EDUCATION<br />

Continuing education opportunities for cancer specialists at <strong>St</strong>.<br />

<strong>Mary</strong> continue to grow. The regularly scheduled tumor conference<br />

has been enhanced by an expanded format. Audiovisual equipment<br />

has been updated, allowing for more active participation by<br />

conference attendees. On a regular basis, experts from many<br />

cancer disciplines present timely topics at these conferences.<br />

A dedicated breast cancer conference meets regularly, as does<br />

our newest thoracic cancer conference.<br />

In June, the <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> Continuing <strong>Medical</strong> Education Committee<br />

hosted its first-ever oncology CME program. During the halfday<br />

event, participants learned about the latest innovations,<br />

discoveries, and changes in the diagnosis, care, and management<br />

of lung, colorectal, prostate, and breast cancers. New trends<br />

in radiation oncology and neuro-oncologic surgery also were<br />

covered. Dr. Michael Mann moderated the program, and session<br />

speakers included Robert Reilly, DO; Robert Cardinale, MD; Carlin<br />

McLaughlin, DO; Evan Alley, MD, PhD; and Nirav Shah, MD.<br />

CLINICAL RESEARCH<br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> also plans to renovate its Inpatient Oncology Unit.<br />

This attractive unit will offer patients private, homelike suites in<br />

the setting of excellent clinical care. The rooms are designed<br />

with comfort and safety, as well as efficiency, in mind. With<br />

computerization, medical records and imaging will be readily<br />

available to the clinician and nursing staff. Private rooms will<br />

minimize disruptions during recovery, while ample common<br />

space, a meeting room, and a tea room will allow for needed<br />

social activity and family interactions. This eagerly awaited new<br />

addition to <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> will serve our community for years to come.<br />

Plans are also in the works to build a Healing Garden specifically<br />

for patients of the <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong>.<br />

The <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> Regional <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong> community can be very proud<br />

of our past year’s accomplishments, but as always, the <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong><br />

cancer team will not rest without trying to do even more.<br />

I look to our future with pride and hope.<br />

Michael P. Mann, DO, FACOI<br />

Chairman<br />

Clinical research at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> continues with renewed vigor. In<br />

partnership with pharmaceutical companies as well as university and<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| |


TWO<br />

CANCER SUPPORT SERVICES<br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Center</strong> takes a team approach to our cancer patients’ diagnosis, treatment,<br />

and holistic healing. Our comprehensive cancer program is recognized not only for its size and<br />

level of sophistication, but also for its commitment to supporting our patients and their families<br />

in every aspect of care—physical, emotional, spiritual, and psychological.<br />

CLINICAL RESEARCH PROGRAM<br />

Residents of Bucks County and surrounding areas stand to benefit from cuttingedge<br />

medical research available at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Center</strong>. The <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

works in cooperation with prominent research organizations such as the Eastern<br />

Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) and the <strong>Cancer</strong> Trials Support Unit (CTSU),<br />

which are sponsored by the National <strong>Cancer</strong> Institute (NCI). <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> also<br />

participates in clinical trials supported by major pharmaceutical and biomedical<br />

companies. The Research Program operates under the highest standards set<br />

Robert Reilly, DO<br />

by the FDA, NCI, ICH-Good Clinical Practices (GCP), and Office for Human<br />

Research Protections (OHRP). According to the <strong>Medical</strong> Director of Oncology<br />

Research at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Center</strong>, Robert Reilly, DO, “<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

has been a significant contributor to medical research for more than 15 years. Our<br />

collaborative efforts with leaders in the field of oncology research allow us to offer<br />

patients clinical trials that previously were available only at large academic centers.”<br />

FAMILY RISK EVALUATION PROGRAM<br />

The Family Risk Evaluation Program was implemented at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong><br />

<strong>Center</strong> in 2004. Thanks to the growing interest in this program by physicians and<br />

members of the community, <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> has expanded the program’s options and<br />

clinical services.<br />

The goals of the Family Risk Evaluation Program at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Center</strong> are<br />

to educate individuals and families about the role of heredity in cancer risk, to<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| |


provide them with up-to-date information regarding<br />

cancer screening and prevention, and to support them<br />

throughout the genetic counseling and testing process.<br />

Initially the program was developed to evaluate the risks<br />

of individuals with a personal or family history of breast<br />

and/or ovarian cancer. In <strong>2006</strong>, services were expanded<br />

to include genetic counseling for colorectal and uterine<br />

cancer risks. Counseling is tailored to the individual risk<br />

profile of each participant based on personal and family<br />

health history. The components of a family risk evaluation<br />

session include the construction of a family tree, an<br />

analysis of the pattern of cancer in the individual’s family,<br />

the use of models to estimate the individual’s risk of<br />

carrying a change in a cancer susceptibility gene, and a<br />

discussion of genetic testing.<br />

Experts affiliated with the Family Risk Evaluation<br />

Program include medical and radiation oncologists,<br />

board-certified breast surgeons, fellowship-trained<br />

general surgeons, gynecologists, social workers,<br />

spiritual care counselors, and genetic counselors.<br />

DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY<br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Center</strong> is committed to the continuous<br />

investment in diagnostic radiology equipment affording<br />

patients the latest and most accurate technologies available.<br />

In 2007, <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> will implement lung Computer-Aided<br />

Detection (CAD) technology, which will integrate digital<br />

imaging with traditional chest x-ray. The CAD will help<br />

to detect cancerous lesions to the lung in their earliest<br />

stages. It will provide a virtual second opinion from the<br />

collaboration between radiologist and computer. All chest<br />

x-rays conducted for any reason on patients 30 years of<br />

age and older at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> automatically will be screened<br />

by CAD for lung cancer.<br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> also will add Positron Emission Tomography<br />

(PET)/Computed Tomography (CT) in 2007. PET/CT<br />

integrates two advanced imaging technologies to help<br />

doctors determine the staging of cancer and monitor the<br />

progress of patients’ treatment. This technology will add<br />

a vital dimension to our ability to evaluate patients by<br />

pinpointing malignancies to see where cancer has<br />

spread and how to best treat it.<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| |


ST. MARY BREAST CENTER<br />

In September <strong>2006</strong>, <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong><br />

<strong>Center</strong> opened a Breast <strong>Center</strong> dedicated<br />

to comprehensive breast care, continuing<br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong>’s tradition of providing specialized<br />

care for women. At the Breast <strong>Center</strong>, a<br />

team approach offers patients a specialist<br />

for every need. The dedicated staff includes<br />

talented breast surgeons who work closely<br />

with colleagues from Surgery, Pathology,<br />

Radiology, <strong>Medical</strong> Oncology, and Radiation<br />

Oncology. Specialized clinicians work<br />

together to provide coordinated treatment<br />

plans that are appropriate to the individual<br />

needs of women.<br />

A Breast Nurse Specialist coordinates<br />

support resources, accompanying women<br />

through the entire process of diagnostic<br />

testing with advanced digital imaging and —<br />

if faced with an abnormal mammogram<br />

result — follow-up studies such as minimally<br />

invasive breast biopsies. Each patient<br />

receives emotional support as well as expert<br />

care, ranging from chemotherapy and<br />

radiation oncology to surgery and breast<br />

reconstruction.<br />

The Breast <strong>Center</strong>’s full array of the most<br />

advanced women’s health technology<br />

includes:<br />

Digital Mammography<br />

Computer-Aided Detection (CAD)<br />

Breast Ultrasound<br />

Breast MRI<br />

Breast IMRT<br />

Bone Densitometry<br />

Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy<br />

<strong>St</strong>ereotactic Biopsy<br />

Sentinel Node Biopsy<br />

Breast Localization Procedure<br />

Breast Brachytherapy<br />

RADIATION ONCOLOGY<br />

The Radiation Oncology Department here at<br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> Regional <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong> has been<br />

providing outstanding cancer care services<br />

to the community since 1988. <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong><br />

<strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong> offers a team of prominent<br />

physicians, medical physicists, dosimetrists,<br />

nurses, therapists, and administrative<br />

support staff, who accompany our patients<br />

as they journey through this experience.<br />

The <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong> currently has a stateof-the-art<br />

Linear Accelerator with a 120<br />

dynamic multi-leaf collimator, with IMRT<br />

(Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy)<br />

capability. IMRT enables the radiation<br />

oncologist to focus the maximum amount<br />

of radiation specifically on cancerous tissue,<br />

while sparing exposure to healthy surrounding<br />

tissue.<br />

Since 1994 the Radiation Oncology<br />

Department also has offered prostate<br />

brachytherapy seed implants, as well as<br />

radionuclide therapy for patients with bone<br />

metastases and blood disorders.<br />

HDR (High Dose Rate) brachytherapy was<br />

implemented in December <strong>2006</strong> for our<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| 10 |


<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> Regional <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong> treatment<br />

technology (from left to right): TomoTherapy,<br />

HDR (High Dose Rate) brachytherapy, and IMRT<br />

(Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy).<br />

patients. HDR involves a protected radiation source placed directly within or near<br />

the tumor site for a short period of time.<br />

Looking ahead to 2007, the Radiation Oncology Department anticipates acquiring<br />

some of the most advanced technologies available to treat cancer. The first<br />

of these will be the installation of a Wide Bore CT Simulator. CT Simulation is<br />

the most comprehensive procedure currently available to reconstruct, localize,<br />

and define a patient’s tumor in three dimensions. This technology will allow the<br />

radiation oncologist to identify the tumor as well as the normal tissue surrounding<br />

it when designing a treatment plan specific to each patient. Also in 2007, the<br />

Radiation Oncology Department plans to offer TomoTherapy, a technology that<br />

represents the future of radiation therapy. TomoTherapy is a form of IMRT that<br />

incorporates a quick CT scan before the commencement of each treatment to<br />

ensure that the tumor is targeted accurately.<br />

Finally, in 2007 the Radiation Oncology Department will be applying for its<br />

ACR (American College of Radiology) radiation oncology accreditation. The<br />

ACR radiation oncology program provides third-party impartial peer review and<br />

evaluation of patient care.<br />

INPATIENT ONCOLOGY UNIT<br />

The Inpatient Oncology Unit of <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> is a 16-bed unit, staffed by registered<br />

nurses, a licensed practical nurse, nursing assistants, and unit secretaries. Our<br />

interdisciplinary approach to care for our patients supports a team effort to<br />

provide quality healthcare and positive patient outcomes. Many of our staff nurses<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| 11 |


are active members of the Oncology Nursing Society. We strive to meet all of our<br />

patients’ expectations and to provide the level of care that would inspire them to<br />

recommend <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Center</strong>.<br />

ONCOLOGY NURSING EDUCATION<br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Center</strong> offers continued support of the cancer program in its efforts<br />

to meet the educational needs of our patients, their families, our colleagues, and<br />

the community. To achieve this goal, nurses attended inservices that introduced new<br />

chemotherapy medications and regimens. New nurses to the Oncology Department<br />

are provided with a comprehensive orientation program that covers topics such as<br />

types of therapies, nutrition, side effects, solid tumors, and hematologic malignancies. Nurses<br />

with at least two and one-half years of oncology experience are encouraged to achieve and<br />

maintain national certification. Their commitment to oncology nursing is demonstrated by joining<br />

the Oncology Nursing Society, both the national and local chapters.<br />

OUTPATIENT INFUSION CENTER<br />

The Outpatient Infusion <strong>Center</strong> is centrally located within the <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> Regional <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong>.<br />

A team of three nurses provides quality care to a diverse patient population, including patients<br />

with oncologic diagnoses, rheumatoid arthritis, gastrointestinal disorders, and hematological<br />

diseases, as well as other disease processes and disorders. The comprehensive care provided<br />

by the nursing staff incorporates the physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects of patient care,<br />

while professionally and promptly responding to the growing demands for outpatient infusion<br />

therapy of all patient populations. The nursing staff achieves its goal daily of providing quality<br />

healthcare to all patients.<br />

PHARMACY<br />

The pharmacy reviews, prepares, and dispenses chemotherapy medications for inpatients<br />

and outpatients and for research protocols. The pharmacy maintains the inventory and drug<br />

accountability of all research protocols.<br />

In an effort to make chemotherapy preparation and administration as safe as possible, the<br />

pharmacy uses PhaSeal, a closed-system chemo preparation device. The device prohibits the<br />

transfer of environmental contaminants into the system and the escape of hazardous drug<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| 12 |


aerosols into the environment, enhancing pharmacy,<br />

nursing, and patient safety.<br />

To ensure that oncology patients have immediate<br />

access to needed medications, especially medications<br />

to control pain and chemo-adverse effects, the<br />

pharmacy maintains a Pyxis (automated dispensing<br />

system) unit on the oncology nursing unit and in the<br />

infusion room.<br />

Pharmacists provide drug information and support to<br />

physicians, nurses, and the research department.<br />

NUTRITIONAL COUNSELING<br />

A registered dietitian provides cancer patients at<br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Center</strong> with a nutritional plan that<br />

best meets their needs. The oncology dietitian<br />

is involved in the care of outpatients as well as<br />

inpatients. Each patient has the opportunity to request<br />

the services of the dietitian during the course of<br />

chemotherapy and radiation therapy. If a patient is not<br />

going to initiate treatments immediately due to testing<br />

or other factors, the dietitian still will contact the<br />

patient and/or family member by phone to discuss<br />

their nutritional status as requested by the physician<br />

or the patient. The dietitian has the opportunity to<br />

review the nursing assessment form and labs that are<br />

available. All patients who are at nutritional risk are<br />

given the opportunity to see the dietitian and receive<br />

guidance to help them improve their nutritional status.<br />

Other family members are encouraged to be present<br />

for these consultations.<br />

PAIN MANAGEMENT CENTER<br />

The Pain Management <strong>Center</strong> at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong><br />

<strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Center</strong> operates under the leadership of<br />

an outstanding team of physicians, nurses, and<br />

specially trained staff and is located on the ground<br />

floor of the outpatient facility. Our physicians are<br />

anesthesiologists with a sub-specialty in pain<br />

management and have extensive training and<br />

experience to manage oncology pain. In collaboration<br />

with the oncologist, they promote prompt and<br />

effective assessments, diagnosis, and treatment of<br />

pain with oncology patients.<br />

The Pain Management <strong>Center</strong> educates patients and<br />

families regarding options available for pain relief and<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| 13 |


encourages active participation in treatment decisions. Oncology<br />

pain and associated symptoms can be aggressively treated with<br />

several methods, including analgesics and ablative procedures, as<br />

well as cognitive strategies. Our physician and nursing staff are<br />

dedicated to excellence in our pursuit of pain control for oncology<br />

patients in our community.<br />

SUPPORTIVE CARE / PALLIATIVE CARE<br />

The supportive care program is a consultant service that addresses<br />

the needs of those with life-limiting illnesses. The supportive care<br />

nurse and supportive care social worker facilitate communication<br />

among the interdisciplinary team, patients, and their families. Supportive<br />

care assists patients and families in identifying preferences<br />

and goals, and provides supportive counseling on decision-making<br />

options. The supportive care team is available to facilitate a plan and<br />

arrange services based on the patient’s and family’s preferences.<br />

Referrals can be initiated from physicians, nurses, social workers,<br />

chaplains, or families and patients. Referrals can be made for both<br />

inpatients and outpatients, patients from the <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong>, or any<br />

physician’s office. The Supportive Care/Palliative Care program was<br />

consulted on behalf of 626 patients in <strong>2006</strong>.<br />

HEALING MINISTRIES<br />

In 2002, the Women’s Guild of <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> established a compassionate<br />

initiative called Healing Ministries. Today, this program offers<br />

customized holistic services, free of charge, to help our cancer<br />

patients cope with the emotional and physical challenges that arise<br />

during diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. As of December <strong>2006</strong>,<br />

564 individuals participated in this program, receiving over 3,200<br />

services and classes.<br />

Healing Ministries ensures a continuum of care. It is the way in<br />

which <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> can extend quality of care beyond leading-edge<br />

treatment to embrace the person who is affected by the disease<br />

physically, emotionally, and spiritually. Healing Ministries also allows<br />

for a multidisciplinary treatment approach by combining the best<br />

medicine has to offer with holistic services such as massage, Reiki,<br />

guided imagery, and more, recognizing that healing is a journey not<br />

only of the body but also of the mind and the heart. The Healing<br />

Ministries program is supported solely through private donations<br />

and fundraising activities such as Circle of Hope Bracelets. It is<br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong>’s way of introducing our patients to the concept of true<br />

healing: a caring and compassionate resource that returns quality<br />

of life to a person at a very difficult time.<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| 14 |


HOLISTIC SERVICES<br />

Over the past 10 years, the <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> Holistic <strong>Center</strong><br />

has provided healing “companionship” to our patients,<br />

fostering a sense of well-being and helping to reduce<br />

the mental stress and fear that oftentimes accompany<br />

serious diagnoses.<br />

are offered for an outpatient’s convenience in our<br />

Regional <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong> as well as in the privacy of<br />

a patient’s hospital room. Facing a serious diagnosis<br />

such as cancer can create extraordinary stress and<br />

anxiety. Incorporating holistic services into a treatment<br />

plan helps a person feel more in control, more<br />

comfortable, and more a part of their healing journey.<br />

The Holistic <strong>Center</strong> offers a tranquil environment for<br />

patients to unwind, feel nurtured, and experience<br />

deep relaxation through services such as massage<br />

and Reiki. Additionally, mind-body tools such as clinical<br />

hypnosis, guided imagery, or deep breathing techniques<br />

coaching are extremely beneficial in boosting<br />

one’s ability to cope or to prepare for chemotherapy,<br />

radiation, or surgery. Lifestyle enrichment classes<br />

such as yoga, tai chi, or meditation introduce skills for<br />

self-care and self-support. Holistic care at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong><br />

does not mean “alternative” medicine. Rather, it is<br />

our standard of care that addresses the human being<br />

going through the illness and understands that healing<br />

is a journey to be supported mind and body.<br />

In addition to providing therapies within the calm and<br />

serene setting of our Holistic <strong>Center</strong>, services also<br />

SOCIAL SERVICES<br />

The oncology social worker is available to patients<br />

and family members on the oncology inpatient unit.<br />

The social worker also is available to outpatients in<br />

the Regional <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong> and those referred by<br />

the physician. Services provided include psychosocial<br />

assessment, community resource referral, information<br />

on support groups, education, and crisis intervention.<br />

The social worker also can assist patient and family<br />

members in understanding insurance coverage and<br />

benefits associated with discharge planning needs.<br />

The oncology social worker works closely with supportive<br />

care, home care, physicians, nurses, and other<br />

interdisciplinary team members. Supportive services<br />

are available to patients and family members.<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| 15 |


SPIRITUAL CARE<br />

Spiritual Care is available to every one of our patients<br />

from the beginning of treatment. <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong>’s team of<br />

clerical and lay chaplains supports patients and families<br />

of all faiths as they cope with a cancer diagnosis.<br />

On the inpatient oncology unit this begins at admission,<br />

when a chaplain meets with each patient to assess<br />

spiritual needs. In the <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong>, a chaplain<br />

visits regularly with patients receiving daily treatment,<br />

and is always on call for staff referrals. This continuity<br />

between the <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong> and our inpatient unit<br />

provides a unique opportunity to build a supportive<br />

pastoral relationship at a time when faith and hope<br />

can be most vulnerable.<br />

Spiritual Care works closely with medical staff, social<br />

services, and supportive care, and facilitates bereavement<br />

programs throughout the year with Holistic<br />

Care. In addition, Spiritual Care is in the process of<br />

evaluating and addressing patients’ needs for peer<br />

support, both one-on-one and in a group setting.<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| 16 |


TH R E E<br />

<strong>2006</strong> CANCER PROGRAM ACTIVITIES AND AMERICAN<br />

CANCER SOCIETY (ACS) SUPPORT SERVICES<br />

Throughout <strong>2006</strong>, community programs were held in an effort to promote cancer awareness and<br />

educate the general public. The following cancer-related programs were offered by<br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Center</strong> for their colleagues and the community.<br />

BREAST CANCER SCREENING<br />

AND AWARENESS PROGRAM<br />

October 25, <strong>2006</strong><br />

SCREENINGS<br />

26 screenings were completed; 7 referrals<br />

were made; low cost ($40.00) mammogram<br />

vouchers were offered to all participants.<br />

PROGRAM EXHIBITORS:<br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> Regional <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Center</strong> Wellness and Holistic <strong>Center</strong>s<br />

American <strong>Cancer</strong> Society<br />

Healthy Women Program (PA Dept. of Health)<br />

Sale of Circle of Hope Bracelets<br />

SKIN CANCER SCREENING<br />

TOWN HALL MEETING<br />

hosted by CN8’s Lynn Doyle.<br />

Program theme was the importance of the early<br />

detection of breast cancer. Program featured a panel<br />

of <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> physicians: Robert Reilly, DO, <strong>Medical</strong><br />

Oncologist; Brian Chon, MD, Radiation Oncologist;<br />

William Mechanic, MD, Radiologist; and breast<br />

cancer patient Nancy Broadbent. The program was<br />

broadcast and aired several times on CN8.<br />

<strong>St</strong> <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Center</strong> – Regional <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

May 3, <strong>2006</strong><br />

• 100 individuals were screened, representing more<br />

than a 20 percent increase over the combined total<br />

of the two May 2005 screenings.<br />

RECOMMENDATIONS:<br />

Biopsy – 37<br />

Referrals – 5<br />

PROGRAM ATTENDANCE: 150 participants<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| 17 |


FOU R<br />

DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY AND<br />

LABORATORY MEDICINE<br />

The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine provides diagnostic<br />

services to both inpatients and outpatients. <strong>Cancer</strong> diagnosis is a major<br />

focus of the department’s activity.<br />

Surgical pathology cases, which include biopsies and resections, totaled<br />

10,622. The department performed 1,061 non-gynecologic cytology examinations,<br />

which included fine needle aspirations, bronchial brushings, and<br />

body fluids. The Clinical Laboratory performed 1.7 million tests.<br />

Zenon Gibas, MD<br />

The Department offers access to the newest diagnostic modalities, including<br />

molecular pathology, through the use of our own resources and a carefully<br />

selected group of reference laboratories.<br />

The Laboratory continues to be accredited by the College of American<br />

Pathologists, with renewal in December 2008, and is accredited by the<br />

American Association of Blood Banks, the <strong>St</strong>ate of Pennsylvania, and the<br />

Federal Government through the CLIA program. The department is staffed<br />

by three pathologists, all of whom are certified in Anatomic and Clinical<br />

Pathology. Members of the department are involved in medical staff<br />

activities related to oncology programs, such as Tumor Board and the<br />

<strong>Cancer</strong> Committee.<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| 18 |


FIVE<br />

CANCER REGISTRY REPORT<br />

The <strong>Cancer</strong> Registry is an integral part of the <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong><br />

250<strong>Center</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> Program. The Registry maintains an electronic<br />

database system, which is used for the collection, management, <strong>2006</strong><br />

200and analysis of data on over 14,000 patients diagnosed and/or<br />

2005<br />

treated with reportable cases of cancer at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong><br />

150<br />

<strong>Center</strong> since 1987. The database system continues to be upgraded<br />

to ensure that all documentation will comply with Commission<br />

100<br />

on <strong>Cancer</strong> Program <strong>St</strong>andards. In compliance with state and<br />

national mandates, the registry submits data to the Pennsylvania<br />

Department of Health <strong>St</strong>atistics and to the American College of<br />

Surgeons (ACoS) through their Commission on <strong>Cancer</strong>’s National<br />

<strong>Cancer</strong> Data Base (NCDB). The NCDB utilizes this information<br />

to conduct important annual studies to improve the care and<br />

treatment of cancer patients. The data collected in the registry is<br />

routinely reviewed for accuracy and completeness by the <strong>Cancer</strong><br />

Committee physicians and the appointed liaison physician.<br />

50<br />

0<br />

0-29<br />

30-39<br />

40-49<br />

50-59<br />

60-69<br />

70-79<br />

80-89<br />

90+<br />

Graph 1<br />

Frequency of <strong>Cancer</strong><br />

Top 5 Sites <strong>2006</strong><br />

In <strong>2006</strong>, there were 974 new cancer cases accessioned into the<br />

<strong>Cancer</strong> Registry, of which 891 cases were analytic and 83 nonanalytic<br />

cases. The registry has a total number of 14,885 cases<br />

since the reference date of January 1, 1987. A successful<br />

38%<br />

26%<br />

BREAST<br />

LUNG<br />

COLORECTAL<br />

PROSTATE<br />

follow-up rate on more than 5,600 patients is maintained,<br />

and the registry responds to all inquiries from other facilities<br />

for follow-up information in accordance with confidentiality<br />

standards. The cancer registry also maintains a 90% follow-up<br />

rate in compliance with the American College of Surgeons<br />

5%<br />

7%<br />

12%<br />

12%<br />

BLADDER<br />

ALL OTHER<br />

<strong>Cancer</strong> Program <strong>St</strong>andards. Regular follow-up visits for a cancer<br />

patient are important not only for the registry to maintain<br />

accurate follow-up, but also for the patient, since early detection<br />

is the link for long survival when cancer recurs.<br />

Quality improvement projects, with which the registry<br />

participates, reinforce the <strong>Cancer</strong> Program’s commitment to<br />

quality of care and service. The registry actively participated<br />

in 17 case presentation <strong>Cancer</strong> Conferences that provide<br />

consultative information to physicians caring for cancer patients.<br />

90+<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| 19 |


Graph 2<br />

Top Sites SMMC vs. <strong>St</strong>ate Projected<br />

70<br />

60<br />

50<br />

40<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

PERCENTAGE<br />

30<br />

24<br />

18<br />

12<br />

6<br />

0<br />

BREAST<br />

BRONCHUS<br />

+ LUNG<br />

Anus 3<br />

Bladder 45<br />

Blood/Bone Marrow 9<br />

Brain 26<br />

Breast 235<br />

Cervix Uteri 4<br />

ST. MARY<br />

COLORECTAL<br />

SITE<br />

Colorectal 108<br />

(Colon 79, Rectum/<br />

Rectosigmoid 29)<br />

Corpus Uteri 36<br />

Esophagus 14<br />

Eye 1<br />

Fallopian Tube 1<br />

Gallbladder 3<br />

Kidney/Renal 16<br />

Larynx 10<br />

Liver 9<br />

Lung 107<br />

PROSTATE<br />

STATE<br />

BLADDER<br />

Table 1<br />

<strong>2006</strong> Analytic Primary Site Table<br />

250<br />

200<br />

150<br />

100<br />

50<br />

Lymph Nodes/NHL/HL 34<br />

Oral Cavity/Pharynx 22<br />

Other 17<br />

Ovary 11<br />

Pancreas<br />

38%<br />

18<br />

Penis 1<br />

Prostate 64<br />

Retroperitoneum 2<br />

Skin/Melanoma 28<br />

Small Intestine 2<br />

Soft Tissue<br />

5%<br />

7<br />

<strong>St</strong>omach 5<br />

Testis 6<br />

Thyroid/Endocrine 39<br />

Vagina 1<br />

Vulva 7<br />

TOTAL 891<br />

0<br />

0-29<br />

7%<br />

The Primary Site Table in this report (Table 1)<br />

shows a breakdown of the anatomical sites for all<br />

the cancers that were diagnosed and/or treated<br />

here for the year <strong>2006</strong>.<br />

26%<br />

BREAST<br />

The Frequency of <strong>Cancer</strong> graphs (Graph 1 and<br />

LUNG<br />

Graph 2) represent the most common cancers<br />

COLORECTAL<br />

that were diagnosed and treated at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong><br />

<strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Center</strong> in <strong>2006</strong>. Breast PROSTATE cancer is the<br />

most frequently diagnosed cancer BLADDER at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong>,<br />

with 235 new cases accounting ALL for OTHER 26% of our<br />

analytic caseload in <strong>2006</strong>. There were 108 cases<br />

12%<br />

of colorectal cancer, accounting for 12%; 107<br />

new cases of lung cancer, accounting for 12%;<br />

64 cases of prostate cancer, accounting for 7%;<br />

and 45 cases of bladder cancer, accounting<br />

for 5%.<br />

12%<br />

<strong>2006</strong><br />

2005<br />

The registry maintains accurate <strong>Cancer</strong> Conference<br />

compliance information. Through the year, the<br />

registrars attend seminars that enable them to<br />

update and sharpen the mechanisms of data<br />

30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90+<br />

management in the registry system.<br />

0<br />

0-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90+<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| 20 |


SIX<br />

MULTIDISCIPLINARY CANCER CONFERENCES<br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> Regional <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

strives to conduct its <strong>Cancer</strong><br />

Conference meetings with a<br />

multidisciplinary approach. The<br />

<strong>Cancer</strong> Conference meets at least<br />

twice per month and discusses<br />

patients who reflect a variety of<br />

cancer types (lung, breast, prostate,<br />

head and neck, gastrointestinal/<br />

colorectal, lymphoma, urologic, and<br />

blood) treated at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong><br />

<strong>Center</strong>. Each month, one conference<br />

addresses a general cancer concern,<br />

and sometimes includes an outside<br />

speaker. In addition, specific<br />

conferences relating to breast<br />

cancer and thoracic oncology<br />

have been carved out to meet<br />

more regularly in response to the<br />

physician community. All of these<br />

conferences are multidisciplinary<br />

and involve active participation<br />

by members of the <strong>Medical</strong><br />

Oncology Department, Radiation<br />

Oncology Division, Pathology,<br />

Radiology, General Surgery, the<br />

surgical subdivision, and general<br />

medicine. The conferences are well<br />

attended and provide not only a<br />

forum for discussion of individual<br />

patient treatment plans, but also an<br />

informative educational conference<br />

for members of the hospital<br />

community.<br />

The majority of the cancer<br />

conferences are discussions of<br />

current patients, with the cases of as<br />

many patients as possible reviewed<br />

prior to institution of treatment plan<br />

to allow for input from a variety<br />

of specialists. In <strong>2006</strong>, physicians<br />

discussed a total of 91 cases at 17<br />

case presentation conferences and<br />

4 didactic lectures. The <strong>Cancer</strong><br />

Conferences are committed to<br />

furthering their educational role<br />

in providing information to the<br />

hospital community about cancer<br />

diagnosis and treatment, both in<br />

the discussion of individual patients<br />

and in the general discussions held<br />

during these conferences.<br />

The following is a list of lectures from outside<br />

speakers that were offered at the <strong>Cancer</strong><br />

Conferences in <strong>2006</strong>:<br />

FEBRUARY 2<br />

Patricia Robinson, MD<br />

“Evaluating Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs)<br />

in Adjuvant Setting”<br />

JUNE 15<br />

Bruce Minsky, MD<br />

“Adjuvant Therapy for Rectal <strong>Cancer</strong>”<br />

AUGUST 17<br />

Vatsala Bhardwaj, MD<br />

“Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma”<br />

DECEMBER 7<br />

Tiffany Traina, MD<br />

“Maximizing Metastatic Breast <strong>Cancer</strong> Treatment”<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| 21 |


SEVE N<br />

STATISTICAL REPORTS<br />

STU DY 1:<br />

The increased risk of falls for the aging cancer population<br />

BACKGROUND<br />

<strong>Cancer</strong> is primarily a disease of older adults. Approximately<br />

60% of all cancers occur in those older than age 65. Therefore,<br />

as the population of the United <strong>St</strong>ates continues to see rapid<br />

demographic shifts in the old (i.e., those older than age 65)<br />

and the old-old (i.e., those older than age 85), the number of<br />

older adults receiving cancer care will be unprecedented.<br />

Falls are one of most common geriatric syndromes. In the<br />

United <strong>St</strong>ates, 30 to 40 percent of adults older than 65 fall<br />

each year. Risk factors include age, muscle weakness,<br />

activities of daily living, and impairments in gait, balance,<br />

vision, and cognition.<br />

RISK FACTORS<br />

People with cancer often have multiple risk factors for falls. A<br />

major risk factor is aging; because people often are diagnosed<br />

with cancer at an older age or are living longer with cancer,<br />

many are at risk for falls. Additional risk factors include<br />

impaired physical function, sensory neurological deficits, use<br />

of multiple medications, and deconditioning, often caused by<br />

treatment-induced fatigue. Of all types of accidents, falls pose<br />

the most serious threat to the elderly. A detailed understanding<br />

and awareness of the risk factors (both intrinsic and extrinsic)<br />

and problems associated with falls can assist oncology nurses<br />

to be vigilant in the identification of patients at high risk<br />

for falls.<br />

DEMOGRAPHIC SHIFT<br />

About 4 million people in the U.S. today are 85 or older; by<br />

the year 2030, this age group will grow to 9 million people.<br />

The number of Americans over 65 is expected to double by<br />

2030 to 65 million; 9 million will be over 85, compared with<br />

4 million today. The U.S. Census Bureau projects a 75 percent<br />

increase in the population ages 65 and older by 2030, bringing<br />

the number of Americans in this age group to 69 million,<br />

accounting for more than 20 percent of the population.<br />

Nutrition is a challenge for clinicians when treating elderly<br />

cancer patients because weight loss is the common presenting<br />

symptom. Body mass index or biochemical parameters<br />

(albumin or total protein) can be used in the assessment<br />

process.<br />

Pain is another domain that should be assessed both before<br />

and during treatment. Whether tumor-related (pressure<br />

caused by tumors) or potential acute reactions (skin reactions),<br />

clinicians should assess pain at each visit.<br />

Graph 3 shows the average age for cancer patients slightly<br />

increased at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Center</strong> from 2005 to <strong>2006</strong>.<br />

Cognitive functioning plays a major role in the management<br />

of the elderly cancer patient. Baseline assessment of mental<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| 22 |


Graph 3<br />

Number of cancer patients at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> in each age group<br />

Table 2<br />

Number of falls in the Oncology Unit per month<br />

STATE<br />

250<br />

200<br />

150<br />

<strong>2006</strong><br />

2005<br />

<strong>2006</strong> 2007<br />

January 4 0<br />

February 2 2<br />

March 3 3<br />

April 1 2<br />

May 1 3<br />

100<br />

June 2 0<br />

July 3 0<br />

E<br />

BLADDER<br />

50<br />

0<br />

0-29<br />

30-39<br />

40-49<br />

50-59<br />

60-69<br />

70-79<br />

80-89<br />

90+<br />

* data not yet<br />

available<br />

August 4 *<br />

September 2 *<br />

October 3 *<br />

November 1 *<br />

December 1 *<br />

Totals 27 10<br />

9 80-89 90+<br />

deterioration (failing memory, emotional<br />

irritability, confusion, anxiety, depression,<br />

delusions, hallucinations, and even<br />

dementia) is gathered at consultation<br />

38%<br />

and should be obtained at the onset of<br />

radiation therapy. When treating the brain<br />

with radiation, cerebral edema can quickly<br />

change the mental and physical status of<br />

the older adult, and distinctions need to<br />

be made rapidly.<br />

5%<br />

12%<br />

7%<br />

Findings/Recommendations<br />

Monitoring and tracking falls in the aging<br />

cancer population will be essential to see if<br />

improvement methods are effective or need<br />

to be changed and modified.<br />

Healthcare institutions need to reshape the<br />

way they think about falls by changing the<br />

26%<br />

focus from being reactive to proactive. This<br />

will continue to be a bigger problem as the<br />

aging population grows.<br />

Institutions need to develop risk assessment<br />

tools for identifying at-risk cancer patients<br />

12%<br />

who may benefit from interventions to<br />

reduce the incidence and severity of falls,<br />

and to reduce BREAST the costs of falls.<br />

LUNG<br />

Risk of falls should be evaluated at any<br />

COLORECTAL<br />

clinician’s visit with elderly patients.<br />

PROSTATE<br />

Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA)<br />

BLADDER<br />

should be performed before radiotherapy to<br />

establish baseline ALL OTHER functioning.<br />

Exercise also has been shown to be beneficial<br />

to people of all ages, as it helps to lower<br />

blood pressure, lower the risks of falls and<br />

serious injuries (such as hip or wrist fractures),<br />

and slow the body’s loss of muscle<br />

and bone mass.<br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Center</strong> has implemented<br />

the following process improvement initiatives<br />

in response to this issue:<br />

• Increase rounding on all patients to<br />

identify at-risk patients<br />

• Use of bed alarms for all questionable<br />

patients, even if there is no history<br />

of falls<br />

• Use Posey alarms for all patients who<br />

are identified with cognitive impairment<br />

(confusion, etc.) until their<br />

status changes<br />

Table 2 shows that the initiatives taken to<br />

reduce falls have made a positive impact<br />

but need to be monitored continually for<br />

long-term effectiveness. Of note, falls decreased<br />

by 1 fall per month when comparing<br />

the first seven months of <strong>2006</strong> (2.3) vs.<br />

2007 (1.4).<br />

References<br />

Aging Profile. U.S. Census Bureau. (2000).<br />

Holley, Sandra (2002). “A Look at the Problem of<br />

Falls Among People with <strong>Cancer</strong>.” Clinical Journal of<br />

Oncology Nursing. 6(4): 193-197.<br />

“Importance of Geriatric Assessments While Undergoing<br />

Radiotherapy.” (2004). Geriatric Nursing.<br />

25(6): 355-360.<br />

Kagan, S.H. (2004). “Gero-oncology nursing research.”<br />

Oncology Nursing Forum. 31:296-299.<br />

Yancik, R., & Ries, L.A. (2000). “Aging and cancer in<br />

America: Demographic and epidemiologic perspectives.”<br />

Hematology and Oncology Clinics of North<br />

America. 14:17-23.<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| 23 |


STU DY 2:<br />

Breast <strong>Cancer</strong> – “Utilizing Partial Breast Irradiation”<br />

Background<br />

Breast cancer is the most common cause<br />

of cancer in women and the second<br />

most common cause of cancer death in<br />

women in the United <strong>St</strong>ates. While the<br />

majority of new breast cancers are diagnosed<br />

as a result of an abnormality seen<br />

on a mammogram, a lump or change in<br />

consistency of the breast tissue also can<br />

be a warning sign of the disease.<br />

Heightened awareness of breast cancer<br />

risk in the past decades has led to an<br />

increase in the number of women undergoing<br />

mammography for screening,<br />

leading to detection of cancers in earlier<br />

stages and a resulting improvement in<br />

survival rates. Even so, breast cancer<br />

is the most common cause of death in<br />

women between the ages of 45 and 55.<br />

One out of every eight women in the<br />

United <strong>St</strong>ates develops breast cancer.<br />

The causes of breast cancer are not yet<br />

fully known although a number of risk<br />

factors have been identified.<br />

Treatment<br />

Women with breast cancer have many<br />

treatment options, including surgery,<br />

radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and<br />

hormone therapy. The choice of treatment<br />

depends mainly on the stage of the<br />

disease, and many women receive more<br />

than one type of treatment.<br />

New advances in the treatment of breast<br />

cancer have led clinicians to new techniques<br />

in the radiation oncology field.<br />

One of these promising new radiation<br />

techniques is partial breast irradiation.<br />

Partial breast irradiation (PBI) attempts<br />

to focus the powerful treatment on just<br />

the areas most likely to harbor stray cancer<br />

cells, namely those near the original<br />

tumor. PBI was developed to minimize<br />

radiation treatment length while circumventing<br />

recurrence and to ensure the<br />

best cosmetic outcomes.<br />

Another advantage of PBI is compression<br />

of treatment time down to less than<br />

one week, compared with six weeks for<br />

standard whole breast external beam<br />

treatments. Four techniques are available<br />

to deliver PBI. These are interstitial<br />

brachytherapy multicatheter systems, the<br />

Mammosite Radiation Therapy System<br />

applicator, external beam three-dimensional<br />

conformal radiation therapy, and<br />

intraoperative radiation therapy.<br />

Treatment Outcomes<br />

While more clinical studies need to be<br />

conducted to support the data currently<br />

available regarding PBI treatment<br />

outcomes, preliminary Phase I & II trials<br />

show that partial breast irradiation may<br />

work as well as whole breast radiation.<br />

Phase III trial data is still pending.<br />

There are side effects associated with<br />

each treatment, including possible<br />

increased skin erythema, infections, and<br />

persistent seroma formations. However,<br />

if PBI treatments are proven safe and<br />

effective, quality of life will be improved<br />

for many women with breast cancer. PBI<br />

also would provide a more convenient<br />

radiation treatment plan for women who<br />

have to travel long distances to get to<br />

their cancer treatment center.<br />

Further studies need to be conducted to<br />

find out whether partial breast irradiation<br />

is as good as or better than whole<br />

breast radiation in keeping cancer from<br />

coming back. Longer follow-up studies<br />

also will be helpful to best understand<br />

any possible long-term side effects. It<br />

also will help us discover if partial breast<br />

irradiation has more, fewer, or different<br />

side effects than whole breast irradiation.<br />

Until that time, experts suggest that “it<br />

appears appropriate for those offering<br />

PBI to adhere to the conservative principles<br />

outlined in the reports available<br />

from the American Brachytherapy<br />

Society and the American Society<br />

of Breast Surgeons.”<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| 24 |


38%<br />

Table 3<br />

Percentage of breast cancer patients who received radiation as<br />

part of their overall course of treatment at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong><br />

Course of Treatment<br />

% of Breast <strong>Cancer</strong>s By Treatment<br />

SRG 44%<br />

SRG, CHM 9%<br />

SRG, RAD* 17%<br />

SRG, RAD, CHM* 10%<br />

HMN, SRG, RAD* 9%<br />

HMN, SRG, RAD, CHM* 3%<br />

Other 8%<br />

* Received Radiation Treatment 39%<br />

SRG=Surgery RAD=Radiation CHM=Chemo HMN=Hormone<br />

70<br />

60<br />

50<br />

40<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

0<br />

Graph 4<br />

Breast cancer incidence and age at diagnosis<br />

0-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90+<br />

5%<br />

Risk Factors<br />

<strong>St</strong>udies have found the following risk factors<br />

for breast cancer:<br />

Age: The chance of getting breast cancer<br />

increases as a woman gets older. Most cases<br />

of breast cancer occur in women over age<br />

60.<br />

Personal history of breast cancer: A<br />

woman who had breast cancer in one breast<br />

has an increased risk of getting cancer in her<br />

other breast.<br />

Family history: A woman’s risk of breast<br />

cancer is higher if her mother, sister, or<br />

daughter had breast cancer. The risk is even<br />

higher if her immediate family member got<br />

breast cancer before age 40.<br />

Certain breast changes: Some women<br />

have cells in the breast that look abnormal<br />

under a microscope. Having certain types of<br />

abnormal cells —- atypical hyperplasia and<br />

lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) —- increases<br />

the risk of breast cancer.<br />

Gene changes: Changes in certain genes<br />

increase the risk of breast cancer.<br />

Reproductive and menstrual history:<br />

The older a woman is when she has her<br />

first child, the greater her chance of breast<br />

cancer. Women who had their first menstrual<br />

period before age 12 are at an increased risk<br />

of breast cancer. Women who went through<br />

menopause after age 55 are at an increased<br />

risk of breast cancer. Women who never had<br />

children are at an increased risk of breast<br />

cancer. Women who take menopausal hormone<br />

therapy with estrogen plus progestin<br />

after menopause also appear to have an<br />

increased risk of breast cancer.<br />

Race: Breast cancer is diagnosed more<br />

often in white women than Latina, Asian, or<br />

African American women.<br />

Breast density: Breast tissue may be<br />

dense or fatty. Older women whose mammograms<br />

(breast x-rays) show more dense<br />

tissue are at a slightly increased risk of<br />

breast cancer.<br />

Taking DES (diethylstilbestrol): DES<br />

was given to some pregnant women in the<br />

United <strong>St</strong>ates between about 1940 and<br />

1971. (It is no longer given to pregnant<br />

women.) Women who took DES during<br />

pregnancy may have a slightly increased risk<br />

of breast cancer.<br />

Being overweight or obese after menopause:<br />

The chance of getting breast cancer<br />

after menopause is higher in women who are<br />

overweight or obese.<br />

Lack of physical activity: Women who are<br />

physically inactive throughout life may have<br />

an increased risk of breast cancer. Being<br />

active may help reduce risk by preventing<br />

weight gain and obesity.<br />

Drinking alcohol: <strong>St</strong>udies suggest that the<br />

more alcohol a woman drinks, the greater her<br />

risk of breast cancer.<br />

References<br />

American Society of Clinical Oncology <strong>Annual</strong><br />

Meeting. (<strong>2006</strong>). Abstract 529.<br />

Bankhead, C. (2003). “Accelerated partial breast<br />

irradiation: more data needed, researchers say.”<br />

Journal of the National <strong>Cancer</strong> Institute. 95:<br />

259–261.<br />

“Brachytherapy Saves Breast, Decreases Treatment<br />

Time.” (2004). <strong>Cancer</strong> Weekly.<br />

Comprehensive <strong>Cancer</strong> Information, National<br />

<strong>Cancer</strong> Institute.<br />

“HDR Breast Brachytherapy Treatment for Breast<br />

<strong>Cancer</strong>.” (2005). Frank C. Love <strong>Cancer</strong> Institute at<br />

<strong>St</strong>. Anthony. [cited 1 April 2005]<br />

Jackson, J., and Guggolz, R. (2002). “Brachytherapy<br />

Frequently Asked Questions.” American<br />

Brachytherapy Society.<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| 25 |


E IG HT<br />

GLOSSARY OF TERMS<br />

ABSTRACT – A summary that identifies a<br />

patient and pertinent cancer information<br />

that is the basis for all the registry’s functions,<br />

or to process, collect, and record<br />

pertinent cancer data from a patient<br />

health record.<br />

ACCESSION – A case entered into the<br />

registry with an assigned number.<br />

ANALYTIC (class of case) – Cases diagnosed<br />

and/or receiving all or part of the<br />

first course of treatment at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong><br />

<strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Center</strong>.<br />

COC – The “Commission on <strong>Cancer</strong>”<br />

is a division of the American College of<br />

Surgeons that consists of professionals<br />

involved in cancer control.<br />

DIFFERENTIATION – How much or<br />

how little a tumor resembles the normal<br />

tissue from which it arose.<br />

FOLLOW-UP – Method by which it<br />

is determined whether or not a cancer<br />

patient is living or has been examined by<br />

a physician, the status of the cancer, the<br />

quality of life.<br />

FORDS – “Facility Oncology Registry<br />

Data <strong>St</strong>andards” is a Commission on<br />

<strong>Cancer</strong>-approved cancer program publication<br />

that details COC required data set,<br />

codes, and rules necessary to correctly<br />

abstract and manage cancer cases in the<br />

registry.<br />

GRADE – Evaluating the microscopic appearance<br />

of tumor cells to determine the<br />

degree of differentiation.<br />

METASTASIS – Spread of a disease from<br />

one organ or part to another not directly<br />

connected.<br />

NCDB – The “National <strong>Cancer</strong> Data Base”<br />

is a clinically oriented electronic database<br />

of cancer cases submitted to the Commission<br />

on <strong>Cancer</strong> by approved cancer<br />

programs in the United <strong>St</strong>ates, which can<br />

be used as a reference database to compare<br />

the care and management of cancer<br />

patients in one facility or region to similar<br />

patients in other regions or nationally.<br />

NON-ANALYTIC (class of case) – Cases<br />

diagnosed and receiving first course of<br />

treatment elsewhere; cancer cases diagnosed<br />

and/or treated at <strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Medical</strong><br />

<strong>Center</strong> prior to the reference date; cases<br />

diagnosed at autopsy.<br />

PROTOCOL – Plan for treatment of a<br />

type of illness.<br />

RECURRENCE – Reappearance of cancer<br />

after a period of remission.<br />

STAGE – Classification of malignant<br />

disease to denote how far the cancer<br />

has advanced. This is determined at the<br />

time of initial diagnostic studies and first<br />

course of treatment.<br />

SUMMARY STAGE CATEGORIES<br />

IN-SITU: Malignancy present but not<br />

invasive<br />

LOCALIZED: Tumor confined to<br />

organ or origin<br />

REGIONAL: Tumor spread to immediate<br />

adjacent organs or tissues and/or<br />

regional lymph nodes<br />

DISTANT: Tumor spread beyond<br />

immediate adjacent organs or tissues<br />

by direct extension and/or has<br />

developed secondary sites, metastasized<br />

to distant lymph nodes, or is<br />

systemic in origin<br />

UNKNOWN: Extent of disease cannot be<br />

determined.<br />

SURVIVAL – How long a patient has lived<br />

since diagnosis or some other beginning<br />

point. In general terms, the probability of<br />

living a given length of time (such as fiveyear<br />

survival) based on the characteristics<br />

of a group of people.<br />

TNM – System for describing the anatomic<br />

extent of disease on the assessment of<br />

three components and grouped as <strong>St</strong>age I,<br />

<strong>St</strong>age II, <strong>St</strong>age III, <strong>St</strong>age IV:<br />

T The extent of the primary tumor<br />

N The absence or presence and extent<br />

of regional lymph nodes present<br />

M The absence or presence of distant<br />

metastasis<br />

Glossary Term Reference: Hutchinson, C.L., Roffers, S.D., & Fritz, A.G. (1997). “<strong>Cancer</strong> Registry Management Principles & Practice.” p. 482.<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| 26 |


ST. MARY M E DICAL CE NTE R<br />

CANCER SERVICES DIRECTORY<br />

Appointments<br />

Chemotherapy........................................................................215-710-5325<br />

Radiation .............................................................................. 215-710-5300<br />

Bereavement Support Group................................................................ 215-710-5902<br />

<strong>Cancer</strong> Registry.................................................................................... 215-710-5314<br />

Clinical Research/Protocol ................................................................... 215-710-5328<br />

Community <strong>Cancer</strong> Screenings & <strong>Cancer</strong> Education<br />

Program................................................................................. 215-710-5962<br />

Health Sciences Library........................................................................ 215-710-2012<br />

Holistic Services................................................................................... 215-710-6948<br />

Home Care/Hospice ............................................................................ 267-569-0760<br />

Mammography (to schedule) .............................................................. 215-710-2208<br />

Nutritional Counseling ....................................................................... 215-710-2361<br />

Rehabilitative Services<br />

Physical medicine & rehabilitation ....................................... 215-710-2223<br />

Pulmonary rehabilitation....................................................... 215-710-2522<br />

Cardiac rehabilitation............................................................ 215-710-2191<br />

Smoking Cessation Program ............................................................... 215-710-2204<br />

Social Services ..................................................................................... 215-710-2542<br />

Spiritual Care....................................................................................... 215-710-5902<br />

Supportive Care/Palliative Care ........................................................... 215-710-4616


<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> Regional <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

1201 Langhorne-Newtown Road<br />

Langhorne, PA 19047<br />

215-710-5300<br />

ANNUAL REPORT <strong>2006</strong><br />

www.stmaryhealthcare.org<br />

<strong>St</strong>. <strong>Mary</strong> <strong>Cancer</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

| 28 |

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