MODERN THERMAL POWER PLANTS

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4.6.1 Dry efficiency ................................................................................ 30 4.6.2 Capacity ......................................................................................... 31 4.6.3 Expansion of wet steam .................................................................. 35 4.7 Modelling a gas turbine .......................................................................... 38 4.7.1 Stagnation properties ..................................................................... 39 4.7.2 The Compressor ............................................................................ 40 4.7.3 Reynolds number effects ................................................................ 43 4.7.4 Extractions ..................................................................................... 44 4.7.5 The combustion chamber .............................................................. 45 4.7.6 The turbine .................................................................................... 45 4.7.7 Cooling .......................................................................................... 46 4.7.8 The turbine diffuser ....................................................................... 47 5 Post-Combustion Carbon Capture ........................................................ 49 5.1 Oxy-fuel CCPPs ..................................................................................... 50 5.2 Absorbent-based CO 2 capture ................................................................. 52 5.2.1 The reboiler ................................................................................... 54 5.2.2 Amine-based carbon capture unit ................................................... 54 5.2.3 The chilled ammonia process ......................................................... 55 5.2.4 Integration of absorbent-based CO 2 capture with a CCPP ............. 56 5.2.5 Dual-pressure regenerator ............................................................... 58 5.3 Summary of the results on post-combustion-based CO 2 capture ............. 60 6 Part-Load Operation ............................................................................. 63 6.1 Load control of steam turbines ................................................................ 63 6.2 Load control of a CCPP ......................................................................... 64 6.3 Summary of the results on part-load operation ........................................ 65 7 Low Calorific Fuels in CCPPs ............................................................... 67 7.1 Summary of the results on low calorific fuels in CCPPs .......................... 69 8 Concluding Remarks ............................................................................ 71 9 Summary of papers ............................................................................... 73 References .................................................................................................... 75 viii
Nomenclature Arabic Symbol Unit Description A [m 2 ] Area C [...] Constant c [m/s] Speed c p [kJ/(kg∙K)] Specific heat C P [-] Pressure recovery coefficient D [m] Diameter h [kJ/kg] Enthalpy l [m] Length LMTD [K] Logarithmic mean temperature difference n [rev/s] Rotational speed ṁ [kg/s] Mass flow p [kPa] Pressure Pr [-] Prandtl number Re [-] Reynolds number RNI [-] Reynolds number index S [kJ/(kg∙K)] Entropy T [K] Temperature t [m] Thickness U [W/(K∙m 2 )] Heat transfer coefficient u [m/s] Rotor speed w [m/s] Relative speed y [kg/kg] Moisture content Q̇ [kW] Heat flux Greek Symbol Unit Description α [W/(K∙m 2 )] Heat transfer coefficient α [-] Baumann factor γ [-] Isentropic exponent Δ [-] Difference λ [W/(K∙m)] Heat conductivity Λ [-] Stage correction factor μ [kg/(m∙s)] Dynamic viscosity ν [m 3 /kg] Specific volume ξ [-] Friction coefficient 1
Page 1 and 2: MODERN THERMAL POWER PLANTS Aspects
Page 3: To Louise
Page 6 and 7: Key words: Combined cycle, CO 2 , c
Page 8 and 9: Metoderna för att minska koldioxid
Page 10 and 11: Paper VI K. Jonshagen, M. Genrup Im
Page 14 and 15: ρ [kg/(m 3 )] Density φ [-] Flang
Page 16 and 17: is higher than it would be if direc
Page 18 and 19: 1.5 Outline of this thesis This the
Page 20 and 21: of two thermodynamic cycles and inc
Page 22 and 23: temperatures of 1400-1500 °C and s
Page 24 and 25: additional evaporators working at l
Page 26 and 27: Figure 3 shows the layout of a trip
Page 31: very low pressure will be beneficia
Page 34 and 35: T-Q diagram in Figure 9. The cycle
Page 36: components should be linked togethe
Page 49: condensational shock does not take
Page 57 and 58: extracted fluid. A more accurate pa
Page 61 and 62: 5 Post-Combustion Carbon Capture Th
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Equation (37), this results in a sm
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egenerator or stripper. The CO 2 is
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for instance, for enhancing oil rec
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In an attempt to reduce the amount
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If condensing steam, which is extra
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MEA carbon capture unit is a dual-p
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educed the pressure ratio will fall
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7 Low Calorific Fuels in CCPPs Reso
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7.1 Summary of the results on low c
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9 Summary of papers Paper I K. Jons
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References [1] Le Treut, H., R. Som
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[39] Mimura, T., Shimojo, S., Suda,
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Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2011
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[20] and uses fully dimensionless p
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The dual-pressure chilled ammonia C
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[3] Woollatt, G., and Franco, F., 2
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Table 1 Reduction in isentropic exp
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Fig. 1 Schematic figure of the refe
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deaeration is performed in the LP-d
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III
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Fig. 1 Schematic figure of the refe
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Table 3 Settings for the CO 2 compr
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Fig. 4 Schematic figure of the sing
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Acknowledgment The authors wish to
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SCOC-CC Semi-closed oxy-fuel combus
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a given stage loading parameter ψ.
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[11] Wennerstrom A. J., 2000, “De
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Mass flow m [kg/s] Pressure p [Pa]
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The inlet pressure drop is simply m
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cannot run on 100% air blown gasifi
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and firing temperature, increase th
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[2] Eriksson, P., Genrup, M., Jonsh
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K. Jonshagen, M. Genrup / Energy 35
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Page 154 and 155:
Page 157:
VII
Page 161:
Proceedings of ECOS 2009 Copyright
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Proceedings of ECOS 2009 Copyright
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