PEST RISK ANALYSIS (PRA) TRAINING Group Exercises Manual

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GROUP EXERCISE NO. 3.3 PEST RISK ANALYSIS TRAINING - GROUP EXERCISES MANUAL Direct economic effects Important assumptions 2. Direct environmental effects • How likely is it that the pest will cause a reduction of keystone plant species (i.e., plant species that are of fundamental importance to the maintenance and character of the ecosystem in which they are found)? • How likely is the pest to cause a reduction in plant species that are major components of ecosystems (in terms of abundance, size or ecological importance), and endangered native plant species, including effects below species level where there is evidence of such effects being significant? • Could the pest cause significant reduction, displacement or elimination of other plant species? If so, describe. Note that environmental effects and consequences considered should result from effects on plants, whether direct or indirect. Such effects may be less significant than the pest’s effects on other organisms or systems, but the regulation of pests solely on the basis of effects on other organisms or systems (e.g. human or animal health) is outside the scope of ISPM No. 11. Using the information available, describe and estimate the potential direct environmental effects of the pest. Direct environmental effects Important assumptions 3. Indirect economic effects • How likely is introduction of the pest to cause effects on domestic and export markets, including in particular export market access? The potential consequences for market access which may result if the pest becomes established, should be estimated, including the extent of any phytosanitary regulations imposed (or likely to be imposed) by trading partners. • Could introduction of the pest cause changes to producer costs or input demands, including control costs? If yes, how? • Could introduction of the pest cause changes to domestic or foreign consumer demand for a product resulting from quality changes, loss of marketability, and/or diversion of the product to a lower value end-use? • Could the pest act as a vector for other pests? • Once introduced, would eradication or containment of the pest be feasible? How much would it cost? • Would resources be needed for additional research and advice? If yes, estimate how much. 36
PEST RISK ANALYSIS TRAINING - GROUP EXERCISES MANUAL GROUP EXERCISE NO. 3.3 • Could the pest have social and other effects (e.g. tourism)? If yes, describe. Using the information available describe and quantify, as much as possible, the potential indirect economic effects of the pest should it be introduced and spread. Indirect economic effects Important assumptions 4. Indirect environmental effects • How likely is the pest to have significant effects on plant communities through competition for resources? • How likely is the pest to have significant effects on designated environmentally sensitive or protected areas? • How likely is the pest to cause significant changes in ecological processes and the structure, stability or processes of an ecosystem (including further effects on plant species, erosion, water table changes, increased fire hazard, nutrient cycling, etc)? • Could the pest affect human use of resources (e.g. water quality, irrigation / navigation, recreational uses, tourism, animal grazing, hunting, fishing)? If so, how? • Would there be environmental and other undesired effects of control measures? If so, what are they? • Would there be costs associated with environmental restoration? If so, what are they? Using the information available, describe and estimate the potential indirect effects of the pest should it be introduced and spread within the PRA area. Indirect environmental effects Important assumptions 5. Conclusion of the assessment of economic consequences Wherever appropriate, the output of the assessment of economic consequences described in this step should be in terms of a monetary value. The economic consequences can also be expressed qualitatively or using quantitative measures without monetary terms. Sources of information, assumptions and methods of analysis should be clearly specified. Overall economic and environmental consequences 37
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