PEST RISK ANALYSIS (PRA) TRAINING Group Exercises Manual

PEST RISK ANALYSIS TRAINING - GROUP EXERCISES MANUAL APPENDIX 6
Citrus spp.
Citrus spp. is grown in almost all the states of India. Although the citrus industry in India has faced
many challenges, there has been a consistent increase in area and production owing to the awareness
for sustained production. Citrus fruits, consisting of mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco), sweet
orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and lime [C. aurantifolia Swingle] are grown commercially in
tropical, subtropical, arid irrigated and mountainous regions in varying soil and weather conditions.
Citrus is grown practically all over India. However the states of Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra
have the largest share. Although citrus trees on the whole do well in dry climate, with a rainfall
between 75 and 125 cm, certain species, such as pummel and certain mandarin oranges, thrive in
heavy-rainfall areas of Konkan, Assam and Coorg.
Groundnut (peanut) Arachis hypogaea (L.)
Groundnut is the 13th most important food crop of the world. It is the world’s 4th most important
source of edible oil and 3rd most important source of vegetable protein. Groundnut seeds contain high
quality edible oil (50%), easily digestible protein (25%) and carbohydrates (20%).
In India, groundnut is grown on 5.7 million ha with a production of 4.7 million metric tons, with an
average productivity of 0.8 metric tons ha -1 during the rainy season and in the post-rainy season it is
grown on 0.9 million ha with a production of 1.5 million metric ton, and an average productivity of 1.6
metric tons ha -1.
In Andhra Pradesh, it is grown on 1.6 million ha during the rainy season with a production of 1.6
million tons, and during the post rainy season it is grown on 0.3 million ha with an production of 0.4
million tons. Anantapur district in the state is the largest producer of groundnut with 0.74 million ha of
area under cultivation.
Tea
India accounted for 27.4% of world output of tea production in 2004, followed by China (24.6%), Sri
Lanka (9.75%), and Kenya (9.4%). Production in India reached 857,000 tonnes in 2003, from 829,000
tonnes in the previous year.
A significant indicator shows India’s organic tea production is still on the rise reaching 3,500 tonnes in
2003, with about 75% of it being exported to France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the
United States.
Mangoes
Mangos were brought to England and Europe after the English occupied India in 1800’s. Today, India
is the world’s largest mango producer, growing nearly 1000 varieties of mango and contributing over
50 per cent of the world’s total mango production of approximately 23 million metric tons. Hence the
mango, Mangifera indica L., is the most economically important fruit.
The Indian states with abundant growth of various varieties of mangoes are Andhra Pradesh, Bihar,
Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Tamil
Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
Mango is grown in an area of 1.23 million hectares with an annual production of 10.99 million tonnes,
which accounts for 57.18% of the total world production.
Bananas
India is the world’s biggest banana grower, with an annual production of 16.8 million tonnes, or over
20 percent of total world output of 72.6 million tonnes in 2005.
But overexploitation and the loss of forests as a result of encroachment and logging, slash-and-burn
cultivation and urbanization are causing a rapid loss of wild banana species that have existed in India
for thousands of years. Among them are the ancestors of the Cavendish variety, the large, pulpy
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