Estimated low tech biochar production by small scale diversified ...
Estimated low tech biochar production by small scale diversified ...
Estimated low tech biochar production by small scale diversified ...
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<strong>Estimated</strong> <strong>low</strong> <strong>tech</strong> <strong>biochar</strong> <strong>production</strong> <strong>by</strong> <strong>small</strong> <strong>scale</strong><br />
<strong>diversified</strong> farmers for increasing income, for soil<br />
improvement, and to contribute to global warming<br />
amelioration<br />
Karl J. Frogner PhD
Ulaanbaatar Biochar Initaive<br />
UBI<br />
• Biochar in sustainable rural development<br />
• Global warming amelioration through CO2<br />
sequestration via <strong>low</strong> <strong>production</strong>, high<br />
replication <strong>low</strong> <strong>tech</strong> <strong>biochar</strong> <strong>production</strong><br />
• Income enhancement through equitable<br />
compensation for labor expended in removal and<br />
sequestration of CO2 pollution.
Income Enhancement<br />
•Increased sustainable crop <strong>production</strong><br />
do to the soil conditioning attributes<br />
of sequestered <strong>biochar</strong><br />
•Compensation for carbon credits<br />
earned.
Marketing Coops<br />
•Aggregate members <strong>biochar</strong><br />
sequestration carbon credits<br />
•Monitor quantity, quality and<br />
sequestration of members <strong>biochar</strong><br />
<strong>production</strong><br />
•Pass on credits to broker and pass<br />
back payment to members
Simple Pass-through Brokerage<br />
•Simple “cost plus” bookkeeping<br />
brokerage<br />
•No brokerage project investment<br />
•Sustainable rural communities<br />
developed in cooperation with<br />
governmental and not-for-profit NGO<br />
programs
Offset pricing<br />
1 Currently would be restricted to the unregulated<br />
online trading.<br />
• Price/ton varies widely at any given time. I am taking<br />
$50/ton of carbon. (Based on: Ecobusinesslinks.com Carbon Offset<br />
Survey (26 Oct 2007) data.)<br />
2 Expected price if <strong>biochar</strong> sequestration is generally<br />
accepted and included in Cap & Trade schemes,<br />
Carbon offset trading and a legitimate use of carbon<br />
tax and the US becomes fully engaged ‐ $250/ ton of<br />
carbon. (Based on: A handful of carbon. Johannes Lehmann, May 2007;<br />
Nature (447): 143-4
THAI BIOCHAR INITIATIVE<br />
(TBI)<br />
A pilot project to test the feasibility of utilizing<br />
<strong>biochar</strong> <strong>production</strong> <strong>by</strong> <strong>small</strong> <strong>scale</strong> Thai<br />
<strong>diversified</strong> farmers for increasing income, for soil<br />
improvement, and to contribute to global<br />
warming amelioration
Agroforestry<br />
• Integrated openfield agriculture together with<br />
silvaculture and community managed forest.<br />
• Patterned after the established sustainable<br />
agroforestry community at Nakon Sawan, Thailand.<br />
(Ecosystem Restoration with Agroforestry and Community Forests In<br />
Nakhon Sawan, Thailand. Amanda Suutari and Andrew Mittelman.<br />
http://www.ecotippingpoints.org/indepth/thailandforest.html )<br />
• Average Thai <strong>small</strong> agroforester manages about 3 ha.<br />
Here apportioned as: 1 ha in maize, 1 ha in rice and 1<br />
ha in mixed agroforestry, with the agroforestry<br />
cumulatively apportioned as 25% biomass crop and<br />
75% crops for which only prunings would be available<br />
for <strong>biochar</strong>. (Andy Mittelman, perrs comm.)
Stouffer<br />
Table 1. Per ha value as CO2 offset of 8 crop residues produced in Thailand in 1990<br />
[after: Inventory 1990 Field Burning of Agriculture Residue Sector<br />
http://www.onep.go.th/projects/climate/comm/inventory/burning/intro.html]<br />
Residue t Residue/ha % dry wt value @ CO2 offset (US $)<br />
$16.5 $ 85.0<br />
Rice : North 3.1 0.85 46.0 230.0<br />
Rice : NEast 1.9 0.85 28.0 141.5<br />
Rice : Mid 4.4 0.85 65.5 327.0<br />
Rice : South 3.1 0.85 46.0 230.0<br />
Maize 3.1 0.40 21.5 108.5<br />
Sorghum 4.4 0.94 72.5 362.0<br />
Cassava 4.4 0.70 54.0 269.5<br />
Sugar cane 1.7 0.71 21.0 105.5<br />
Mungbean 1.9 0.80 26.5 133.0<br />
Soybean 3.1 0.91 49.5 247.0<br />
Groundnut 3.8 0.80 53.0 266.0
Biomass cropping & prunings<br />
Table 2. An indication of per ha value as CO2 offset of woody biomass productivity<br />
[After: Sustainability and reality of the projects of Carbon sequestration <strong>by</strong> Carbonization and Forestation (CCF) as a<br />
biomass conversion option. By: Makoto Ogawa, Yasuyuki Okimori, Fumio Takahashi.]<br />
Pulpwood field process pulp above ground<br />
Silvacultuer residue residue product field biomass<br />
dry wt t/.125ha/yr 6.2 0.8 19.9 26.9<br />
----------------------------<br />
value @ CO2 offset<br />
$16.5 $108 $14 $ 348 $ 471<br />
$85.0 542 70 1741 2354
Potential Income Increase<br />
If our hypothetical farmers were to be managing 18 rai<br />
as 1 ha in maize, 1 ha in rice and 1 ha in mixed<br />
agroforestry, with the agroforestry cumulatively<br />
apportioned as 25% biomass crop and 75% crops for<br />
which only prunings would be available for <strong>biochar</strong>,<br />
then from the rice straw and maize field residue and<br />
the agrforestry prunings and biomass harvest they<br />
could expect to produce 4.68 t of <strong>biochar</strong> (at 35% dr<br />
wt yield). At current and potential prices ($50 & $250)<br />
and a 65% to 85% pass back the farmer could expect<br />
an additional $150 to $1,000 (where $5 ‐ $10/da for 300da =<br />
$1,500 to $3,000)
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