OTEC Heat Exchangers - Hawaii National Marine Renewable ...
OTEC Heat Exchangers - Hawaii National Marine Renewable ...
OTEC Heat Exchangers - Hawaii National Marine Renewable ...
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<strong>OTEC</strong> <strong>Heat</strong> <strong>Exchangers</strong>:<br />
Performance and Power Output<br />
for Historical and Modern Designs<br />
Asia Pacific<br />
Clean Energy<br />
Summit,<br />
<strong>OTEC</strong> Symposium<br />
Honolulu, <strong>Hawaii</strong><br />
September 2013<br />
Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc.<br />
Pat Grandelli, P.E.<br />
Michael Eldred<br />
Steven Rizea, P.E.<br />
Robert Loudon<br />
1
<strong>OTEC</strong> <strong>Heat</strong> Exchanger<br />
Development Focus<br />
<strong>Heat</strong> Exchanger Attributes<br />
•High heat transfer performance (U)<br />
•Clean: Clog-free, no biofouling<br />
•Corrosion: Lifetime<br />
•Cost: Materials & manufacturing<br />
•Parasitic losses: Minimize flow & head<br />
•Compactness: Manifolds, Area<br />
2<br />
Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc.
Initial Tests: 1978 - 79<br />
Carnegie-Mellon Shell<br />
& Fluted Tube (Al)<br />
Linde / Union Carbide Shell & Hi-Flux Tube (Ti)<br />
Plate <strong>Heat</strong> Exchanger (Ti)<br />
3<br />
Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc.
2 nd Gen Tests: 1981<br />
Johns Hopkins<br />
Folded Tube (Al)<br />
•By 1981, we learned cleanliness &<br />
biofouling are solvable.<br />
•Cost is the problem. Is aluminum<br />
the answer?<br />
Trane Brazed Aluminum<br />
<strong>Heat</strong> Exchanger #1<br />
4<br />
Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc.
3 rd Gen Tests: 1981 - 84<br />
Trane Brazed<br />
Aluminum <strong>Heat</strong><br />
Exchanger #2<br />
•Corrosion & Fabrication<br />
•SW Flow & pressure ~30% less than CMU<br />
•Performance improved 6% vs. CMU<br />
•Gov’t funding ends<br />
•BAHX2 is an improved <strong>OTEC</strong> Evaporator<br />
5<br />
Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc.
Recent Tests: 2012<br />
Makai Brazed<br />
Aluminum <strong>Heat</strong><br />
Exchanger #3<br />
•BAHX3 has 2/3 of CMU flow, at<br />
same seawater head.<br />
•27% better U than CMU.<br />
• Extruded aluminum channels.<br />
• Vertical 5m tall. Compact.<br />
BAHX3 is the result of <strong>OTEC</strong><br />
plant system analysis.<br />
L ifetime<br />
U (performance & parasitics)<br />
V alue (price & arrangement)<br />
6<br />
Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc.
Thank You<br />
References:<br />
• Avery, W.H. & Wu, C. <strong>Renewable</strong> Energy from the Ocean, A<br />
Guide to <strong>OTEC</strong>. Oxford University Press, NY, 1994.<br />
• Constructability of extended surface heat exchangers for <strong>OTEC</strong>.<br />
Proc. 8 th Ocean Energy Conference. June 1981.<br />
• Makai Ocean Engineering, Chart Energy & Chemical Brazed<br />
Aluminum Evaporator Testing Report, Aug 23, 2012.<br />
Unpublished.<br />
• Panchal, CB. <strong>Heat</strong> transfer with Phase Change in Plate-Fin<br />
<strong>Heat</strong> <strong>Exchangers</strong>, Proc 22nd ASME-AICHE <strong>National</strong> <strong>Heat</strong><br />
Transfer Conference, Niagara falls, NY, Aug 1984.<br />
• Panchal, Hillis, et al. <strong>OTEC</strong> Performance tests of the Trane<br />
plate-fin heat exchanger. Argonne <strong>National</strong> laboratory report<br />
ANL/<strong>OTEC</strong>-PS-07. April 1981.<br />
• Yung, Lorenz, et al. <strong>OTEC</strong> Performance tests of the Johns<br />
Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Folded-Tube<br />
<strong>Heat</strong> Exchanger. Argonne <strong>National</strong> laboratory report<br />
ANL/<strong>OTEC</strong>-PS-09. August 1981.<br />
Image citations:<br />
• Mini-<strong>OTEC</strong>: <strong>OTEC</strong>news.org<br />
• All other photos & graphs: Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc.<br />
• Trane Brazed Aluminum <strong>Heat</strong> Exchanger #1: Panchal, Hillis,<br />
1981.<br />
• All other line art: Avery & Wu, 1994.<br />
Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc.<br />
Pat.Grandelli@makai.com<br />
7<br />
(1) 808-259-8871 www.makai.com Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc.
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