Lighting MAnAgEMEnt SYStEM - OMS lighting

Lighting
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
2013 / EN
2013 / EN

HEAD OFFICE
OMS, spol. s r. o.
906 02 Dojč 419
Slovakia
Tel.: +421(0)34/694 0811, 694 0877
Fax: +421(0)34/694 0888
e-mail: info@oms.sk
www.omslighting.com
www.omselite.com

Content
Lighting quality STAnDARD .......................................................................................................... 6
Lighting management sySTEM ................................................................................................... 10
Managing a lighting system .................................................................................................. 15
Comfort ............................................................................................................................................ 16
Saving electricity and CO 2
................................................................................................................... 16
Autonomous character ....................................................................................................................... 16
Flexibility ............................................................................................................................................. 16
Specification of components ................................................................................................................ 17
Aging of a lighting system ................................................................................................................. 17
Project structure ................................................................................................................... 19
idea ................................................................................................................................................... 20
Analysis ............................................................................................................................................. 20
L luminous and Technical Project ......................................................................................................... 22
Electric Installation Project ................................................................................................................. 22
I installation ......................................................................................................................................... 24
P programming .................................................................................................................................... 24
Administration ................................................................................................................................... 24
Types of control ................................................................................................................... 27
Manual control ................................................................................................................................... 28
Automatic control ............................................................................................................................ 32
Combined control .............................................................................................................................. 46
Constant illuminance sensor ............................................................................................................... 47
Daylight simulation ............................................................................................................................ 48
Energy savings according to used management .................................................................. 54
Motion detection ............................................................................................................................... 54
L lighting intensity ............................................................................................................................. 54
Combined control ............................................................................................................................. 54
Manual control ................................................................................................................................. 55
Communication interfaces and buses .................................................................................... 57
DALI control ...................................................................................................................................... 58
Analog control 1–10 V ....................................................................................................................... 60
Analog control 0–10 V ....................................................................................................................... 61
DSI control ........................................................................................................................................ 62
DMX control ..................................................................................................................................... 63
Manual switch control ...................................................................................................................... 64
Control phase ................................................................................................................................... 65
Thyristor / transistor dimming ........................................................................................................... 66
Remote control ................................................................................................................................ 68
P powerLine AC .................................................................................................................................. 70
P powerLine DC .................................................................................................................................. 71
Overview of Lighting Management Systems ........................................................................ 73
Manual control .................................................................................................................................. 76
Manual and sensor control ................................................................................................................ 78
Simple control system ....................................................................................................................... 79
Advanced control system ................................................................................................................. 80
Complex control system .................................................................................................................... 81
Complex colour control ..................................................................................................................... 82
Applications .................................................................................................................. 84
Control by switch phase ..................................................................................................................... 88
Advanced DALI management system ................................................................................................ 90
Sensor group control ........................................................................................................................ 92
Daylight simulation ............................................................................................................................ 94
Combined control of luminaires and peripheral devices ..................................................................... 96
Scanning movement by switching sensor .......................................................................................... 100
Zone scanning of movement ........................................................................................................... 102
Cascade scanning of movement ....................................................................................................... 104
Combined RGB/W control ................................................................................................................. 108
Comfort control of lighting and peripheral devices ............................................................................ 110
Cascade scanning of intensity ............................................................................................................ 114
Complex management system RGB/W ............................................................................................... 116
Central Power Source control ............................................................................................................ 118
Complex lighting management system based on movement ............................................................. 122
Complex lighting management system based on intensity and scenic control ..................................... 124
Manual combined management RGB/W ........................................................................................... 128
Comfort control RGB/W ................................................................................................................... 130
Manual and group control ................................................................................................................ 132
Simple management system with offset function .............................................................................. 136
Time management ........................................................................................................................... 140
Design and special-purpose lighting with central management ......................................................... 142
Sector switching of lighting based on motion .................................................................................... 146
Architectural lighting .......................................................................................................................... 150
Scenic management of lighting ......................................................................................................... 154
Comprehensive lighting management of a whole building ................................................................. 158
Latest trends in lighting management ................................................................................ 161
Explanation/notes ................................................................................................................ 166
6 I content
content I 7

Lighting
quality
standarD
A new sySTEM of lighting quality ASSESSMEnt
Many things need to be taken into consideration when designing a lighting system. Of course
we must think about the standard requirements, but it is equally important to think about all
the supportive elements that will contribute to the quality of the final solution.
The criteria used to judge the quality of a lighting solution have been so complex and
disorderly that it has been almost impossible for a user make any informed decision. We here
at OMS decided to change that. We wanted to create order from this chaos. We created the
‘Lighting Quality Standard’ (LQS).

What is the Lighting Quality Standard?
THE KEY
6
E
IS ‘s
We all know that often rules are there for
our benefit. our civilisation has only survived
thanks to the regulation and systemisation
of behaviours; to bring ourselves
out of chaos. at oms we realised that the
lighting industry needed to be brought out
of chaos by introducing a regulated and
systemised lighting assessment system
which is transparent, simple to use, easy
to understand, and will enable customers,
purchasers, users and competitors to better
judge lighting solutions.
Until now there has been no unified
system which could enable the complex
assessment of a lighting solution. All producers
preferred their own method. Consequently,
customers have been getting lost
in a flood of criteria, the sheer quantity of
which prevented them from being able to
effectively compare lighting products and
solutions. LQS covers all the necessary requirements
and many more in order to
become an industry standard. It will open
up the lighting industry for both customers
and the industry itself.
We have chosen more than twenty
quantifiable criteria by which to assess the
luminaires and systems used in any given
space. Each criterion has been given a
value, each value contributing to the final
score of the solution. The higher the composite
values, the higher the score, the
higher the quality of the solution.
We have developed specialised software
to this purpose, ‘LQS Composer PRO’.
This software calculates the values and final
score of a solution based on the data you
input for each criteria.
LQS is founded on six key elements:
Ergonomics
Emotion
Ecology
Efficiency
Esprit
Exceptionality
Imagine a house. The first four elements
of LQS make up the walls, and are
well known within the lighting industry. The
final two elements combine to create the
roof which holds the building together, resulting
in a solid and effective structure.
The idea and content of a lighting solution
is focussed on EFFICIEncy. This
of course has a significant impact on
Ecology, and together they work to improve
the overall score of any lighting solution
in combination with the other four
elements.
ERGONOMICS
Examine the impact of light on the
human eye.
The ability of a light source to reproduce
colours of various objects realistically in
comparison with ideal or natural light is the
master rule in the world of lighting.
EMOTION
Uncover the influence of light on human
emotions.
Strong scientific evidence proves the effect on
mood and perception through features such
as colour mixing, biologically effective lighting
or illumination of room surfaces.
Ecology
Control energy consumption and
enviromental impact of light usage.
The ratio of energy coverted to light is the
measure of a light source‘s efficiency. This can
be used for increasing the product‘s life while
reducing maintenance costs.
efficiency
Take advantage of innovation in the
control and management of lighting.
There are many possibilities to choose from
when finding the right interface for the
desired lighting effect. The decision should
be made according to the type of space to
be illuminated.
esprit
Realise that appearance matters and do
not be ashamed when considering the
design of luminaires.
The aesthetic value of a form becomes an
important part of interior design from an
architect‘s perspective.
ExcepTIONAlity
Consider every customer as a unique
individual.
A customised solution adds more value and
comfort. Trustworthy partners prepared for
future economical and market instablities are
a necessity in the world of lighting.
10 I LIGHTING QUALITY STANDARD
LIGHTING QUALITY STANDARd I 11

Lighting
management
system
Nowadays we are constantly reminded of how limited natural resources are becoming and we
see how this impacts on the ever-rising costs of these resources and the energy they are used
to produce. This has brought to the foreground the need to focus on effective and ecological
solutions and has become the central concern of all industries, especially the lighting industry.
A Lighting Management System offers a complex spectrum of solutions through which you
can increase lighting efficiency within all types of spaces.

What is a Lighting Management
System?
We here at oms use EFFICIEncy and
Ecology as the key elements by which
to judge the quality of a lighting solution.
By adding them to the quantifiable
parameters in lQS we have highlighted
their importance and given them a decisive
role to play.
Significant savings can be made by the
customer when EFFICIENCY and ECOLOGY
are used as the foundation for lighting solution
design. An efficient system can save
on both energy consumption and maintenance.
And of course, lower energy consumption
has a positive effect on the environment.
Several factors work towards the creation
of an efficient system; from the correct
choice of light sources and luminaires and
the appropriate layout of those luminaires
within the space, to the utilisation of intelligent
lighting management tools. A correctly
designed and implemented Lighting
Management System (LMS) will create an
optimal state and maximise the saving potential.
Further to the saving potential of an
LMS, there are the equally beneficial qualities
of user comfort and simple controllability
which stem from the inherent autonomy
of a well-designed system.
OMS has an extremely high level of
know-how, as experts in the technologies
of the lighting industry and with years of
hands-on experience in the design and
implementation of lighting solutions and
management systems. With this book we
wish to impart some of our expertise by
showing you practical sample applications.
We will explain to you the various tools
available to use in an LMS and the importance
of the lighting and electrical installation
projects when designing a management
system. Using illustrations, diagrams
and charts showing potential savings, and
by discussing the various control possibilities,
we hope you will see the importance
and benefits of integrating an LMS into
your lighting solution.
Timing
Intensity
Training room
Constant
illuminance
ManUAL
switching
technical room
Motion
Corridors
dining room
Lighting scenes
Motion
Conference room
Toilets
Offices
DAYLIGHt SIMULAtion
Top manAGement office
Remote control
Presentation room
Combined
manAGement
SHOWROOM
ManUAL
dimming
Lighting scenes
open office
Advertisement
Parking PLAce
Astronomical
Clock
Staircase
Motion and intensity
Reception
RGB
GARage
Motion
14 I Lighting management system

Managing a lighting system
Management of a lighting system is based on the constant assessment of the system output
compared to the required output, and feedback as to what adjustments are needed. Output
can be either user controlled, for example by manual control of pre-set parameters, or
automatically controlled according to sensor input or programed parameters. Such adjustments
can be made smoothly or incrementally. The complexity of the LMS needed depends on many
variables, so each system must be designed especially for each space.

How to manage a lighting
system?
Comfort
Saving electricity
and co 2
Autonomous character
Flexibility
Specification of
components
Aging of a lightening
system
Comfort
Two things determine the comfort of a
lighting system. Firstly, functionality: the
system must be suitably designed for the
given space and usage. Secondly, control:
the methods used to regulate the system
should be there to simplify the process,
such as buttons, touch panels and remote
control.
Saving electricity and CO 2
The two most important ecological factors
that must be considered when designing
a lighting system are energy consumption
and consequently the volume of harmful
substances produced by energy production.
Generally, the better the distribution
of light, especially in terms of intensity and
location, the higher the saving potential of
the system.
Autonomous character
An autonomous lighting system is characterised
by its functioning without control
and regulation by the user. Such solutions
are ideal for spaces with considerable
saving potential but where it is not possible
for the system to be operated directly by
users. For example in larger lighting systems
such as found in warehouses or manufacturing
premises, but also smaller systems
such as in offices and corridors. The main
function of an autonomous system is to
remove the factor of human failure, for
example, simply forgetting to switch it off.
Flexibility
It is often important to build flexibility into
a lighting system, especially if you wish to
maximise savings. In industry, for example
in manufacturing premises where there
are regular changes to manufacturing procedures
and therefore to lighting requirements,
the system must be able to adapt
easily and quickly. Using an LMS means you
can make changes to the functionality of
luminaire groups, such as lighting intensity,
use of sensors and operating time, with
simple software adjustments. This can be
done with little or no disruption to normal
activity.
Specification of components
The design of a lighting system consists of
selecting suitable luminaires and the elements
used for their control. The choice of
which luminaires to use and their positioning
within the space are defined by technical
calculations. However, the choice of
which control methods to use is based on a
specific design created for a specific space.
Before we can design an LMS we must
know exactly what functionality is required
of it.
Aging of lighting system
A lighting system ages, therefore it must be
designed to ensure the required illuminance
is maintained. The aging of a lighting system
is caused by declining luminous flux and
light source reliability and degradation of
the reflective surfaces of the luminaire and
the surfaces being illuminated. In order to
prevent insufficient illumination over time,
this aging process must be factored into the
design of the system. If this is not done correctly
it can result in a system which is overdimensioned
(consumes excessive amounts
of energy) or under-dimensioned (provides
insufficient illumination).
18 I Managing a LIGHting SYStem Managing a lighting system I 19

Project structure
Do you want the right amount of light just where you need it? Would like to be able to control
that light just how you want to? Do you have so many options to choose from that you
don’t know where to start? Do you know how to assess if a lighting solution will give you the
savings, comfort, flexibility and control you want? Here at OMS we guide and support our
customers every step of the way, from the idea to the implementation of a solution. Whatever
your requirements we will help you get the result you want.
20 I TYPY RIADENIA

Project structure
Idea
Analysis
Luminous Project
Electrical Installation
Project
Installation
Programing
Administration
Idea
The functionality required of the LMS must
be the foundation for each project. There
are many ways to achieve the desired result,
and only by knowing precisely what is
needed at the very beginning is it possible
to later fulfil expectations.
7.
ADMINISTRATION
6.
PROGRAMING
1.
IDEA
Analysis
All aspects of the LMS must be considered
before the process can proceed to the next
stage. The correct technology must be
chosen, the functionality and suitability of
the final solution must be thoroughly examined,
the saving potential and pay-back
time for various options calculated, and of
course ecological and health and safety
factors must be thought through.
2.
ANALYSIS
3.
LUMINOUS
PROJECT
Technology
There are so many different lighting technologies
available and it is vital to have an
overview of all products in order to effectively
compare them and make a choice,
and guidance from those who understand
their specifications. One of the many
strengths of OMS is that we are not lead by
particular technologies and therefore not
restricted in what we can use. Thanks to a
carefully built network of suppliers we can
offer the use of the best and most suitable
products on the market for each individual
project.
Functionality and correctness of
solution
It is not always necessary to use the most
complex or advanced technologies for
each LMS. It is important that the chosen
components suit the needs. The aim is to
not use unnecessary technologies or overmanage
systems which can ultimately lead
to unsuitable and possibly unusable solutions.
Each system should be perfectly tailored
to each project.
Energy economy
Each solution has its limits. It is necessary
in the early phases of the project to decide
on what elements of the system take
priority, and then to combine technologies
and systems correctly to bring about
the desired result. At this stage the ideas
of efficiency and effectiveness come to
the fore. LED technology is strongly linked
with both as they compare well with conventional
light sources. Yet we must not
forget that the saving potential of a system
is based not only on what light source
is used but also the luminaire design and
controls implemented, therefore whether
the system will function based on motion
detection or lighting intensity must be decided
early on.
Pay-back time and savings
The decisive factor for almost every customer
is of course the relationship between
the initial investment and the
pay-back time and future savings of the
solution. When designing each system we
calculate its financial benefits, specifying
the pay-back time and pre-defining the
point from which the system will actually
be profitable.
Environment
One major theme in all industries is the
need to be actively implementing and
looking for more environmentally responsible
solutions. In the lighting industry
specific attention is brought to the amount
of heavy metals such as mercury, and the
silent killer CO 2
, are produced as by-products
of the manufacture of technologies
and systems and the energy they consume.
Consequently, central to every project besides
efficiency should be the impact it will
have on the environment.
Health and safety
Finally, but no less important, is the aspect
of health and safety. All solutions must be
designed in such a way as to eliminate potential
risk, and to meet or exceed all legislative
requirements.
5.
INSTALLATION
4.
PROJECT OF
ELECTRIC
INSTALLATION
22 I Project structure
Project structure I 23

Project structure
Idea
Analysis
Luminous Project
Electrical Installation
Project
Installation
Programing
Administration
Luminous and Technical Project
The Luminous Project involves choosing
light sources from the correct class that
can provide the necessary illumination,
and luminaires with suitable corresponding
optical systems; next is to define the
optimal layout of those luminaires and
optimal distribution of light, all to suit the
requirements of the customer.
When choosing an effective light
source it must be able to illuminate the
workplace appropriately without unnecessary
over-dimensioning. Furthermore, an
optimal maintenance plan must be outlined.
Finally the quality of light must be
considered, and the effect it will have on
the physiology of the users of the space.
Throughout this part of the process it is
necessary for the customer to be aware of
the role they play in the final solution. Their
decisions should not be reduced down to
the idea of a final investment sum, but
take into serious consideration the quality
of light and fully appreciate the benefits or
consequences.
To complete this phase of the project
we need certain information, for example
the complete geometry of the space, its
utilisation and occupancy, the positions
and types of workspaces, the availability of
daylight and other specific demands on the
lighting quality.
Electrical Installation Project
To move onto the next phase of Electrical
Installation, it is necessary to have a complete
Luminous Project and all corresponding
technical documentation.
Here it is again important to refer to
the original idea of the project and to propose
what control methods could be used
to manage the system. All of this is then
combined to create the schematics of how
the whole system will be connected. These
schematics are merely one part of the
Electrical Installation Project which also
contains, amongst other things, composite
lists of components and their layout, technical
descriptions, wiring plans and mains
connectivity.
24 I project structure
project structure I 25

Project structure
Idea
Analysis
Luminous Project
Electrical Installation
Project
Installation
Programing
Administration
Installation
Generally the installation of a lighting system
and its LMS is done by OMS partners.
They install the system according to the
Luminous, Technical and Electrical Installation
Projects. Luminaires are installed, the
wiring completed, and management components
and sensors are fitted. Fluorescent
lamp systems must also be ‘worn-in’ or
‘seasoned’ by a minimum of 100 hours of
use prior to the LMS being implemented
to prevent the shortening of their lifespan.
The LMS is then set-up and started by an
authorised person along with an OMS
technician.
Programing
Now that the whole system in installed
and functional, the next step is to finetune
system deviation and program the
management components, for example
the control unit and sensors. An IP address
is assigned to the system and a program is
created to control all components according
to the defined ideas and requirements
of the customer.
Administration
The last phase of the project is making sure
that the system can be operated. Users are
trained, all technical documentation is given
to the customer along with a comprehensive
care and maintenance plan and a
complete description of the system. Next a
technical audit of the system is carried out
which confirms that all parameters are as
they should be so that the system may be
controlled remotely. Finally the technicians
will check the functionality of the management
program, control algorithms, control
gears and components along with the light
sources. Once everything is as determined,
the project is complete.
26 I project structure
project structure I 27

Types of control
Manual
Automatic
Combined
Constant illuminance sensor
Daylight simulation

Types of control
Manual
Automatic
Combined
Constant illuminance sensor
Daylight simulation
Manual control / Basic
The manual switching on and off or dimming
of a light source or system constitutes
basic lighting management.
This type of lighting management is
fully dependent on human control and is
not very energy efficient compared to more
complex types of management. However
it is of course less financially demanding in
terms of initial investment.
Some form of button, switch or dial is
the basic control component of manual
lighting management. In this way the lighting
can be switched on/off, smoothly or
incrementally by either analog or digital
control.
Manual control / Scenic
The manual setting of a lighting system
according to specified values and positions
(scenes) constitutes basic scenic
lighting management. this type of management
is widely used in manufacturing
and office spaces.
Such systems are used where there is no
need to achieve smooth dimming of light
according to motion detection of lighting
intensity. This kind of control is when a
scene can be changed or implemented at
any time by the push of a button.
For example there could be buttons
which change the lighting intensity to
100 %, 75 %, 50 %, 25 % and 0 %. The
manual management of scenes is not as
efficient as automated control. However, it
is advantageous in that it allows the lighting
level to be set exactly according to the
activity being carried out. Sensors are not
generally used in this type of lighting management.
50 %
Service: luminous flux 50 %
lighting intensity 275 lx
current consuption 2820 W
of electricity
25 %
Cleaning: luminous flux 25 %
lighting intensity 149 lx
current consuption 1692 W
of electricity
100 %
day shift
afternoon
shift
night shift
round
service
cleaning
switch off
Day shift: Only the walkways are illuminated.
luminous flux 100 %
lighting intensity 500 lx
current consuption 4700 W
of electricity
Dimmable control gears in a digitally switched-off
state do have a minimal energy consumtpion as
there is the so-called emergency regime. The maximum
energy consumption of one dimmable control
gear in this state is 0.3 W.
Buttons on the control panel for the choice of
scenes—description
Afternoon shift:
Only the relevant workplace is illuminated.
Night shift:
Only the relevant workplace is illuminated.
Round:
Only the relevant walkway is illuminated.
30 I TYPes of control
types of control I 31

Types of control
Manual
Automatic
gr. A
gr. B
Day shift
50 %
Afternoon shift
50 %
Night shift
100 %
Combined
Constant illuminance sensor
gr. C
100 %
100 %
0 %
100 %
0 %
100 %
0 % 50 % 0 %
Daylight simulation
gr. D
gr. A
luminaires
gr. A gr. B gr. C gr. D
100 %
0 %
50 %
luminaires
100 % 100 % luminous flux 50 % 50 % luminous flux 0 % 0 % luminous flux
Luminaires divided into control groups. Some luminaires
belong to two groups.
50 %
50 %
Light control based on workplace occupancy.
In the framework of different scenes different luminaires are shining or the luminaires shine with different
intensity.
One luminaire can be included in several
groups, and all luminaires can form one or
several groups which work at one pre-set
level of luminous flux. Once the required
group structure is designed and set up, it
is possible to switch on or off the chosen
groups of luminaires.
Each individual lighting group and level
of luminous flux can be activated by the
simple touch of a button. The same control
functionality can, if needed, be used in
more control units placed in several different
locations. Each scene can have a designated
purpose, for example, for everyday
work, maintenance, cleaning and at a safety
level.
The advantage of this type of control is
that within the framework of one group of
luminaires it is possible for each luminaire
to have the same or completely different
levels of luminous flux. Each luminaire can
be addressed independently allowing precise
control of the lighting according to
need. An example of this kind of control is
that all luminaires in the middle of a room
can shine with a higher luminous flux than
the luminaires at the edge of the room
where there is daylight available.
This kind of scenic management is characterised
by its intuitive operation and is
widely used in spaces where the demand
placed on lighting requirements changes
regularly. Luminaires are controlled through
a programed management unit. Via this database
software it is possible to change the
groupings of luminaires thereby increasing
the flexibility of the system. This flexibility
means that changes can be made to
the use of the system without the need to
make electrical or technical changes or having
any impact on the luminaires. This kind
of control is extremely adaptive, and can
even manage non-luminaire devices such
as blinds or ventilation.
Lighting scene chosen according to requirements of current activity in each workplace.
32 I TYPes of control
TYPes of control I 33

Types of control
Manual
Automatic
Combined
Constant illuminance sensor
Daylight simulation
Automatic control
Automated control offers the highest
level of comfort and maximum savings
in energy consumption and co 2
. Control
can be implemented according to
motion detection, lighting intensity or
time. the combination of motion detection
control and lighting intensity control
offer the highest potential savings.
Automated control is used where it is
not possible or not suitable for users to
adapt the lighting to the needs of the
space. such management ensures sufficient
illumination at any given time and
location, and little or no illumination
when and where it is not required. this
decreases the pay-back time of the system
installation and maximises the saving
potential.
Automatic control based on
motion detection
Control of lighting based on motion detected
within a space ensures that luminaires
only shine when it is necessary. as
it is automatic it is comfortable for the
user whilst at the same time providing
significant savings in energy consumption.
The functionality of this control method
is dependent on a sensor which detects the
presence of a person in a space by their
body temperature. This is done with passive
infrared (PIR) technology. The sensor
detects heat radiation only but does not
emit any radiation, and can therefore be
called passive. The sensor functions by infrared
scanners detecting the heat radiated
by the person which is transformed into an
electronic signal analysed by the sensor.
15.1 °C 37.6 °C
Infrared photo of heat radiated by moving people and
static objects in the scanned space.
Real photo of the scanned space.
0 % 100 %
100 % 10 % 0 %
Where no heat from a person is
detected by the sensor the lighting
remains switched off.
When the sensor detects heat
radiated from a person the lighting is
switched on.
The sensor can be set in such a way that the lighting does not switch off immediately after the person leaves the
space, but will switch off after a delay or dim gradually, either smoothly or incrementally.
34 I TYPes of control
TYPes of control I 35

Types of control
Manual
Automatic
Combined
Constant illuminance sensor
Daylight simulation
PIR sensors can be utilised in both indoor
and outdoor applications, be installed at
various heights and work at different
levels of sensitivity. the area that can be
scanned depends on the height of installation
and set sensitivity.
The sensitivity of the sensor depends on
various things. The ambient temperature of
the space compared to the temperature of
the person moving within the space, the direction
of scanning and the extent to which
the sensor is able to scan the movement.
Maximum sensitivity in terms of movement
detection is when the person passes
through the ‘sight’ of the sensor at a right
angle. When movement is parallel to the
sight of the sensor sensitivity is decreased.
In spaces where the scanning area is
limited by various objects it is possible to
use high-frequency movement sensors.
High-frequency sensors are able to detect
movement even through glass and thin
walls, even the slightest movement, all
independently of any changes in temperature.
In order to achieve maximum coverage
it is useful to overlap the scanning areas of
individual sensors.
For an ideal coverage of the space it is
in general suitable for the scanning areas
of the individual movement sensors to partially
overlap each other.
scanned angle
sensor
Depiction of the detection area
non-scanned
area
radius of the
scanned area
scanned
area
height of sensor location
sensor A
minimal distance = X+Y
X
sensor B
minimal
vertical
scanning
area
Y
height of sensor location
Suitable location of the movement sensors with
partially overlapped scanning areas
scanned
area
100%
lighting
intensity
10%
movement
0% time
Time progress of the movement sensor—without delay
100%
lighting
intensity
10%
0% time
Time progress of the movement sensor—with delay
100%
lighting
intensity
movement
movement
delay time
0% time
Time progress of the movement sensor—with double delay
100%
lighting
intensity
Incremental gradual
increase (t=0s)
Smooth gradual
increase (t>0s)
delay time
delay time
Incremental gradual
decrease (t=0s)
0% time
100%
lighting
intensity
movement
movement
Smooth gradual
decrease (t>0s)
When we use motion detection based
lighting control it is often apt to incorporate
a delay in the dimming of the
luminaires after the person has left the
space. this means that the luminaires
remain on for a defined time after presence
is no longer detected.
How long this delay will be depends very
much of the type of space and the assumed
frequency of movement or occupancy. The
dimming can be set at a certain level, for
example 10 % of the luminous flux, or even
0 % where this is appropriate. A reduced
luminous flux level approximately 10 % is
used as a safety measure so that the space
is not entirely dark, or that security cameras
may still effectively operate, and also
to prolong the lifespan of the light source.
This functionality is often referred to as ‘the
corridor function’. The system can also be
set so that the lighting is reduced to 0 %
after a subsequent delay.
Once motion is again detected the luminaires
switch on. The lighting level can
be increased or decreased immediately or
gradually, either smoothly or incrementally.
The advantage of this graded change, possibly
taking two seconds, is that the human
eye is not strained by a sudden change in
visual conditions, and also the light source
lifespan is not shortened by extreme changes.
This type of solution is ideally suited to
spaces with a high frequency of occupancy
and movement, for example in warehouses
and corridors.
0% time
Scanning area of the passive infrared sensor (PIR)
Scanning area of the high-frequency movement
sensor
Time progress of the movement sensor—with smooth regulation of luminous flux
36 I TYPes of control
TYPes of control I 37

Types of control
Manual
Automatic
Combined
Constant illuminance sensor
Daylight simulation
Sensors can be used to detect both
occupancy which is characterised by
small movements such as writing or typing,
or movement such as walking, according
to their set sensitivity.
When positioning PIR sensors we must
bear in mind that the functionality can be
limited by various factors such as air circulation
from heating, air conditioning, ventilation
or other movements of air by animals,
printers and fax machines or the opening
and closing of doors and windows. Motion
detection can also be affected by the clothing
of the person present which can limit
the amount of body heat to be detected,
or by the ambient temperature of the space
(the sensor is obviously more sensitive to
the body temperature of a person when
the ambient temperature is lower and the
difference is more pronounced). Also sensors
must be positioned at a suitable distance
from luminaires which also give out
heat.
Movement sensors can be used both independently
to control the lighting system,
or as one of several inputs to a master control
unit.
2
motion sensor
3
1
360°
diameters of scanned areas
A
B
C
A
location of
the sensor
(height)
B
C
1 direct walk (large movement) A
2 walk at right angle (large movement) B
3 sitting position (small movement) C
motion sensor
Sensitivity zones of the motion sensor
38 I TYPes of control

Types of control
Manual
Automatic
Combined
Constant illuminance sensor
Daylight simulation
Automatic control based on
lighting intensity
The management of luminaires based
on lighting intensity can achieve high
savings in energy consumption. the
more natural light available in a space,
the more efficient the lighting.
An illuminance sensor controls luminaires
based on scanned light levels reflected
from the scanning plane. The advantage
of this system is that here daylight
and artificial light are used together, they
complement each other. If daylight is decreased,
either earlier or later in the day, as
the sun moves through the sky, or due to
bad weather, the level of artificial light increases
to ensure a pre-determined level of
luminous flux is maintained. And vice versa,
if daylight is increased, such as at midday,
the level of artificial light decreases accordingly.
This type of control can be implemented
either gradually, in increments or
immediately, and if there is enough natural
light the luminaires may even be switched
off entirely.
In larger spaces such as open offices,
several sensors are needed to effectively
assess the lighting level by creating an average.
This kind of control is fully automatic
and not only saves on energy consumption
but has a significant effect on user comfort.
NON-CONTROLLED SYSTEM
lx
1500
lx
1500
artificial lighting
1 000
625
over-dimensioning of the
original system by maintenance
factor 0.8
1 000
500 500
required level of
0
lighting Daylight
0
6:00 12:00 18:00 24:00
h
daylight
CONTROLLED SYSTEM BASED ON LIGHTING INTENSITY
lx
1500
lx
1500
artificial lighting
over-dimensioning of the
original system by maintenance
factor 0.8
required level of
lighting Daylight
6:00 12:00 18:00 24:00
h
daylight
1 000
1 000
500
500
0
6:00 12:00 18:00 24:00
h
0
6:00 12:00 18:00 24:00
h
lx
1500
lx
1500
1150
1000
over-dimensioning
1 000
500
0
500
saving
0
6:00 8:00 12:00 18:00 24:00
6:00 8:00
12:00 18:00 24:00
h
h
MODEL SITUATION AT 8:00 a.m.
MODEL SITUATION AT 8:00 a.m.
500 lx
500 lx
625 lx
0 lx
1125 lx
500 lx
Incorrect solution – over-dimensioned level of lighting
Correct solution – required level of lighting
40 I TYPes of control
TYPes of control I 41

Types of control
Manual
Automatic
Combined
Constant illuminance sensor
Daylight simulation
There is an alternative to this type of
control, called ‘the offset function’. this
kind of control maintains a uniform level
of luminous flux throughout a space by
sensing the differences within the space
and not only working with an average.
The availability of daylight within a
space causes a non-uniform level of lighting
intensity. Lighting intensity in proximity
to windows is higher than in areas with
more limited access to daylight. This system
is based on luminaires being controlled in
two groups, one group by the windows
and another group where there is more
limited daylight. If there is daylight entering
the space the luminaires in the group
by the window will shine at 40 % luminous
flux and the luminaires in the group away
from the window will shine at 70 % (these
pre-determined levels have been calculated
based on research and experience),
creating a uniform level of luminous flux
throughout the whole space.
If, however, these is little or no daylight
falling into the space both groups of luminaires
will shine at the same intensity.
1
the first group of
luminaires:
close to the windows
1
1
SENsOR
DAYLIGHT FALLING
THROUGH THE WINDOWS
1
2
the second group of LUMInaires: IN THE SPACE
2
FALLING INTENSITY OF DAYLIGHT
1 2 2
40% 70% 70%
the first group of
luminaires:
the second group of luminaires: IN THE SPACE
close to the windows
2
2
2
2
2
2
40 %
70 %
70 %
FALLING INTENSITY OF
DAYLIGHT
ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
Classification of luminaires in the space according to the groups
1 luminaire group 1 (dimmable)
2 luminaire group 2 (dimmable)
Utilising daylight using the offset function
42 I TYPes of control TYPes of control I 43

Types of control
Manual
Automatic
Combined
Constant illuminance sensor
Daylight simulation
The advantage of intensity sensors is
that the lighting is controlled according
to the lighting levels and requirements
of the space at any given time, and can
constantly adapt ensuring an even level
of illumination is maintained.
Such control can be utilised for a single
luminaire or a whole group. In order
for the regulation to function effectively it
is important that the luminous flux of one
group does not interfere with the sensor of
another group, and that the scanning areas
of sensors do not overlap; such occurrences
would destabilise the whole system.
Intensity sensors must be placed at an
appropriate distance from the window or
luminaire so as to avoid parasitic light interfering
with the readings.
The scanning process happens directly
underneath the sensor, consequently the
sensor must be positioned in such a way
as to be able to scan the luminance on the
surface which is being illuminated by the
luminaires it regulates.
luminaire sensor
Correct layout.
luminaire sensor
Incorrect layout –
the scanning areas of the sensors
must not overlap.
unsuitable placement
of the sensor
parasitic
light—glare
caused by
reflection of
sunbeams
suitable positioning of
the sensor
7 7 8 8
7
8
7 7 8 8
5 5 6 6
5
5 5 6 6
3 3 4 4
3
3 3 4 4
1 1 2 2
1
1 1 2 2
luminaire sensor
Division of luminaires that have
to illuminate part of the space for
the corresponding sensor.
6
4
2
unsuitable placement
of the sensor
parasitic
light—glare
from the
luminaire
technical drawing (750 lx)
reading, writing (500 lx)
work with PC (300 lx)
cleaning (100 lx)
DIMMABLE
LUMINAIRE
2
4
CONTROL PANEL
1
500 lx
500 lx
1. The user sets the value of the level on which the lighting is to be maintained through the control
panel.
2. The required value is delegated to the control system (sensor).
3. The sensor scans the luminance and compares the current value with the required one.
4. After detecting the difference the system carries out the change (the luminaires either switch on, off,
or work at a reduced intensity).
5. The resulting lighting intensity on the working plane is made up from daylight and complementary
artificial light.
+
-
OFF
REQUIREMENT
SENsOR
RESULTING
VALUE
100 lx 400 lx
5
3
SUNSHINE
The scanned level of luminance very much
depends of the reflectivity and colour of the
scanned area. If there is a change in these
conditions, for example placing a dark laptop
on a white desk, it changes the readings; in
this case the sensor would detect a decrease
in luminance and the luminous flux of the luminaire
would increase. This can be partially
overcome by implementing a gradual change
to the level of luminous flux so that it is less
visible. Another way to limit or prevent this
from happening is to position the sensor so
that it scans an area where the properties of
the environment do not change often.
In order to calibrate the system effectively
and avoid flaws, it is necessary that
the initial setup is carried out at the lighting
level at which the system is to be operated,
without the presence of daylight or with as
little daylight as possible. Where this system
is to be installed in an outdoor application,
such as for outdoor lighting, billboards or
shop windows where there is a very high
level of available daylight, we can use a twilight
scanner which will break the switching
contact once the available daylight exceeds
a set level.
Intensity sensors are available with various
mountings. They can be recessed into
the ceiling, ceiling surfaced, placed within a
luminaire or for anchoring to a fluorescent
light source.
In spaces where there is air-conditioning
you can expect further reductions in energy
consumption due to decreased heat being
created by the luminaires compared to a
non-regulated lighting system, and therefore
a reduction in the need to cool the air.
There are also more complex systems
which allow the regulation of lighting intensity
to various levels, not only a single
pre-set level.
Correct placement of the intensity sensor which excludes undesirable
influences.
44 I TYpes of control
TYPes of control I 45

Types of control
Manual
Automatic
Combined
Constant illuminance sensor
Daylight simulation
Automatic control based on time
(timer, Astronomical Clock)
Precise pre-determined activity within the
LMS can function based on time. this type
of control is ideal for automatic switching
on and off of a system, or the changing
of lighting scenes. it can also be set that
the system automatically changes to a different
kind of control at a particular time,
such as combined control.
Time-based management software allows
one-time and repeated actions. This
kind of control is an advantage in spaces
with a set pattern of activity, such as manufacturing
premises with defined lunch
breaks or sports facilities with a fixed schedule
of activities all of which require different
lighting. If the lighting needs to be controlled
according to the rising and setting
of the sun, for example in the case of street
lighting, it is possible to use the Astronomical
Clock function. In Astronomical Clock
you can define the latitude, longitude and
the date and time, using this it will calculate
the exact time of each sunrise and sunset
throughout the whole year. The calculated
times can then be adapted (with a difference
+/-) so that the lighting is turned on
15 minutes before sunset and off 15 minutes
after sunrise. Generally Astronomical
Clock is used for this purpose, but the logic
can also be programed into other types
of management systems, in control units
or subordinate software applications. The
advantage of Astronomical Clock control
is that no twilight sensor is required. Twilight
sensors used in such applications can
sometimes incorrectly evaluate the need
for a change in luminance, maybe due to
cloudiness or pollution levels.
A further way to reduce energy consumption
in suitable systems is to set into
the control an automatic reduction of luminous
flux, for example to 50 %, during
luminous flux
100 %
50 %
0 %
Day
AStronomical clock
the possible time
difference of switching on
Luminaires during night hours with reduced luminous flux
the night hours where there is an assumed
reduction in traffic or movement frequency
in the space.
Night
astronomic
midnight
the reduction of luminous
flux during night hours
ASTROnomical clock
the possible time
difference of switching off
day
time
A non-active
button for
controlling the
given group of
luminaires in
automatic
(sensor) mode
Description
of indivIDUAL
groups of
luminaires
The AUtomatic
(sensor)
operation
in the given
group
LIGHTING CONTROL
GROUP1
GROUP2
GROUP3
GROUP4
GROUP5
GROUP6
GROUP7
GROUP8
AUT
AUT
AUT
AUT
AUT
AUT
AUT
AUT
100% 75% 50% 25% 10% OFF 7%
100% 75% 50% 25% 10% OFF 100%
100% 75% 50% 25% 10% OFF 75%
100% 75% 50% 25% 10% OFF 75%
100% 75% 50% 25% 10% OFF 64%
100% 75% 50% 25% 10% OFF 52%
100% 75% 50% 25% 10% OFF 12%
100% 75% 50% 25% 10% OFF 98%
GROUP9 AUT 100% 75% 50% 25% 10% OFF 51%
_
X
Service
Service
mode
The chosen
scene in the
given group
The groups
of LUMInaires
being
controlled
Group
The button
for the
lighting scene
corresponding
to the level of
luminous fLUx
in the given
group
The button
for the
lighting scene
corresponding
to the level of
luminous fLUx
in the given
group
Actual
level
The values
of the
luminous
fLUxes for
indivIDUAL
groups of
luminaires
15:13:29
11.10.2012
Schedule
diagram
PRESET1
PRESET2
PRESET3
PRESET4
PRESET5
PRESET6
PRESET7
PRESET8
POWER CONSUMPTION 32,8 kW
OMS lighting control application used for scenic and time–based control
DIAGRAMS
of timers
for
indivIDUAL
groups of
luminaires
CURRENT
POWER
CONSUMPTION
OF THE
SYSTEM
Real
date
and
time
once
day
day
once
once
astro
day
once
Daily
repetition of
the timer
All
GROUP
GROUP
All
GROUP
GROUP
GROUP
GROUP
Scheduler
Repeat Group Action Time Date/Day
Summary
Consumption
histoRY
One-time
timer
operation
Automatic
Astronomical
Clock
control
based on
sunrise and
sunset
The given
action is
carried
out for all
groups
List of
timers
100%
AUT
50%
75%
OFF
100%
10%
AUT
19:20
05:00
17:30
13:16
22:00
St
15:45
08:30
The time
when the
timer is to
operate
11-10-12
Every
We
19-10-12
11-10-12
Mo + 10 min
Mo, Su
28-10-12
Off Schedules Classify Add Schedule
Exceptions
for timer
setting
A selected
group or
several
groups of
luminaires
chosen for
a PARticULAR
action
Detection
ONLINE
cLASSIfication
of the
graphical
vISUAL for the
timers
Detecting
the current
state
of all
luminaires
The DAte when the
timer is to operate
(one-time action)
The current
state for
connecting
to the
control
units for
illumination
All week
DAYS selected
Starting
the timer
Deleting
the timer
The action which
is to be activated by the timer
Defining the
sunset and sunrise
Selected DAYS when DAILY
repetition with deLAY will be active
Selected DAYS when
DAILY repetition will be active
Adding
a timer
46 I TYPes of control
TYPes of control I 47

Types of control
Manual
Automatic
Combined
Constant illuminance
sensor
Daylight simulation
Combined control
Combined control connects the functionality
of scenic and automatic control.
Combined management offers a high
level of comfort and practicality as it can
be both fully automated or can be userinitiated
via various controls, from buttons
to remote PC regulation.
The combination of motion sensors
with lighting intensity sensors offers the
highest energy saving potential. If the combined
sensor is also fitted with a remotely
controlled IR sensor it becomes a multisensor.
According to the method of control installed,
changes in lighting can be activated
either smoothly or incrementally.
movement of persons
0:00 h 24:00 h
100%
100
Constant illuminance sensor
Luminaires and their lighting capability
deteriorate over time. this is caused by
the aging of the light source and its loss
of reliability, as well as the degradation
and dirtying of the optical parts of the
system.
To ensure that the required level of luminous
flux is continually and reliably given
by the luminaires it is useful to purposefully
over-dimension a system. By doing this the
required level of light can be given even at
the end of the system’s lifetime. To begin
with the system will, of course, produce unused
light. This issue can be easily remedied
by the use of a constant illuminance sensor,
which behaves as a lighting intensity sensor,
allowing the luminaires to be used at a
lower level to begin with and at an increasingly
higher level as their output deteriorates.
This is called maintained illuminance.
Such a method of control can provide considerable
savings in energy consumption
as less energy is used by a system which is
working at a reduced output level.
Each lighting system must be designed
with this functionality taken into account.
A system cannot be designed only for immediate
use, but so that the required level
of illumination is provided throughout its
lifetime.
One factor to take into account when
calculating how much a system needs to be
purposefully over-dimensioned is knowing
how much of a reduction in luminous flux
can be expected. Also, it is assumed that
the given maintenance plan will be adhered
to, if it is not then the reduction in luminous
flux will happen faster, and to a greater degree.
Maintenance includes, amongst other
things, regular cleaning of luminaires and
changing of light sources as required.
irreversible losses
The greater the expected reduction in luminous
flux over the lifetime of the system,
the more the system needs to be over-dimensioned.
Incremental regulation: When motion is detected
within the space the luminaires switch on
incrementally. This happens only if the ambient
lighting intensity is lower than the required level
of luminous flux, if the ambient lighting intensity is
higher the luminaires will not switch on. This type
of combined control does not require the use of
dimmable control gears.
Smooth regulation: When detecting motion within
the space, luminaires will increase illumination
smoothly until reaching the required level of luminous
flux. If occupation continues, the system will
regulate the amount to which the luminaires shine
according to the level of ambient light available so
as to maintain the required level of luminous flux.
This type of combined control requires the use of
dimmable control gears.
luminous flux
of luminaires
0%
0:00 h 24:00 h
100%
luminous flux
of luminaires
0%
0:00 h 24:00 h
relative illuminance (%)
80
60
40
20
0
1. cleaning of luminaires
2. cleaning of luminaires
A
CB
D
C
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 (thousands of hours)
1 2 3 4 (years)
3. cleaning of luminaires
operation time
1. changing the light sources
1. cleaning the room surface
}
benefit from cleaning
at regular intervals
maintained system
non-maintained system
Changes of illuminance during the lighting system lifespan.
A – Aging of room surfaces (curve)
B – Aging of light source (curve)
C – Aging of luminaire (curve)
D – Maintained illuminance (curve)
48 I TYPes of control TYPes of control I 49

Types of control
Manual
Automatic
Combined
Constant illuminance sensor
Daylight simulation
Daylight simulation
As humans, 80 % of the information
we receive is visual. light has a vitally
important role to play in our visual
perception of the world around us. But
what about our non-visual perception?
Science has shown that light also has
a role to play here, and that lighting
intensity has a direct influence on our
psychological perception.
Much research has been done into the
effect of light on humans, and it will come
as no surprise that we fair far better under
natural light. Therefore when using artificial
light it is highly beneficial to try and copy
the properties of natural light as closely as
possible.
In response to this fact the lighting industry
developed daylight simulation. The
foundation principle of daylight simulation
is that natural light is not monotonous—its
properties change according to the time of
day, the weather, the changing of seasons.
These changes of course affect our perception
of the world. By using daylight simulation
we can achieve a lighting intensity and
colour which correlates with that of natural
light.
In order to simulate daylight using artificial
illumination we must use luminaires
that have ‘TunableWhite’, this allows the
correlated colour temperature of light in a
room to be changed.
To be able to tune the light colour, two
light sources are used together. Each light
source produces a different colour of light,
one cool white of 6500 K, and one warm
of 3000 K. By changing the output of each
Supraschiasmatic Nucleus (SNC)
Spinal cord
light
Retino-hypothalamic Tract (RHT)
Influence of light on the excretion of hormones
Progression of daylight
illumination level (lx)
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Melatonin
Pineal Gland
Visual Corterx
Superior cervical ganglion
light source a mixed light of varied temperature
can be given. For example, if the cool
white light source has a lower output, and
the warm white light source has a higher
output, then the light given will be warmer;
or if the cool white light source has full output,
and the warm white light source has
no output, the light given will be the coolest
possible. Different colour temperatures
have various biological effects on the human
organism.
8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00
day-time
daylight
biological effect of daylight
artificial light
biological effect of artificial light
50 I TYPes of control

Types of control
The goal of daylight simulation is to achieve light
conditions in interior spaces which mimic as closely
as possible the properties of natural daylight.
Manual
Automatic
Combined
Constant illuminance sensor
Daylight simulation
The change of colour temperature can be
done smoothly or incrementally. To best
simulate daylight ‘TunableWhite’ is often
used together with an illuminance sensor
which helps to regulate the light intensity
in partnership with changes in light colour.
Daylight simulation can be useful in
many types of space. Each application
must respect the use of the space and the
desired effect it will have on its users. It is
possible to choose from several types of
daylight simulation: NATURE, DYNAMIC,
coloUR or actiVATE.
NATURE
This method of tuning copies the natural
changes in daylight. The beginning of the
sequence is characterised by warmer light
as at sunrise, during the day the colour is
cooler, and then later in the day the colour
is warmer as at sunset. This type of simulation
is suitable for spaces where a prescribed
chronology is required, or for places
with no available daylight.
illumination level
0:00 6:30 12:00 18:80 24:00
DYNAMIC
This method uses slow and continuous
changes in light intensity at a constant colour
temperature. It can increase the visual
acuity of those where visual fatigue is expected.
coloUR
It is possible to induce a feeling of wellbeing
by using cyclical changing of colour
temperature from warm to cool white.
Such a method of tuning light is especially
suitable for relaxation areas.
illumination level
0:00 6:30 12:00 18:80 24:00
actiVATE
This method of simulation mainly uses
cooler lighting temperatures. It is scientifically
proven that blue light actively effects
the metabolism, causing increased secretion
of serotonin which in turn increases
the energy and productivity of those using
the space.
8:00 6500 K 12:00 3000 K 13:30 6500 K 16:30
4000 K
Good morning
Cool white light increases energy and productivity.
Lunch
A short break is suitable for gaining energy.
Warm white light creates a relaxing atmosphere.
‘Afternoon slump’
To avoid the afternoon slump it is beneficial to
increase the proportion of cool white light in the
room similarly to natural daylight.
At the close of the day
Cool white light will prepare people for active
relaxation after work. For those people who work
longer, it is beneficial to increase the proportion of
warm light which will create a homely atmosphere.
illumination level
illumination level
illumination
level
(lx)
900
800
8:00
cool white 6500 K
warm white 3000 K
13:30
0:00 6:30 12:00 18:80 24:00
0:00 6:30 12:00 18:80 24:00
700
600
12:00
16:30
cool white 6500 K
warm white 3000 K
500
8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00
time
52 I TYPes of control
TYPes of control I 53

Energy savings according to the
type of management used
Motion detection
Lighting intensity
Combined control
Manual control
It is approximated that lighting systems
account for 19 % of the electricity consumed
in the operation of a building.
Due to ever rising energy prices this
19 % can grow to quite a sum.
There are two fundamental aspects affecting
the energy saving potential of new
and reconstructed buildings:
Firstly, there must be a suitable luminous
design including the correct choice of each
luminaire and of its positioning within the
space. The properties of a luminaire depend
in its design, the light source used and its
internal electronic makeup.
Secondly, and in terms of energy savings
the more important of the two, is
the regulation of the luminaires and LMS
including automatic control via various sensors,
the possibility of time based management,
scenic management and efficient
control devices. Also, individual control systems
can be connected into one so-called
combined system which offers further
savings. In order for the system to fulfil its
saving potential the LMS project must be
prepared thoroughly. Such an exactingly
designed system, when compared with a
non-controlled system (which allows only
the switching on and off of luminaires), can
present a saving potential of up to 80 %.
The table opposite shows how the relationship
between the space and type of
management used transfers to potential
savings. The table defines two basic types
of automatic control: regulation according
to motion detection, and regulation according
to lighting intensity.
The amount of energy saved is not
only reflected in financial costs but also
in ecological costs. CO 2
is an unavoidable
by-product of the current manufacturing
processes used to create electrical energy.
For each kWh of energy consumed in the
EU approximately 0.5 to 0.6 kg of CO 2
is
produced. This EU constant expresses the
average across all EU states, reflecting the
production of energy by individual producers,
ECO power stations (wind, sun, water
powered) through to the nuclear power
plants and thermal plants which create the
biggest burden. Compared to the EU there
are countries such as China who achieve a
constant of approximately 1 kWh = 1 kg of
CO 2
, which is almost double.
For all types of buildings—administrative
premises, schools, shops, industrial
zones, warehouses, sports halls and various
others, it is possible to quantify the percentage
of energy savings, and the burden rate
to the environment.
Savings—Motion detection
We determine the effectiveness of this type
of management according to the frequency
of occupation in the given space. The more
frequent the movement, the more frequent
the switching on and off or dimming of the
luminaires, with reduced energy consumption
only for short intervals. This environment
offers the lowest saving potential,
and in contrast an infrequently used space
offers the highest saving potential.
Savings—Lighting intensity
We determine the effectiveness of this type
of management according to the availability
of daylight and illumination rate of the
given space. The illumination rate depends
on the geographical position, window and
skylight size and orientation (south facing
windows and skylights are the most efficient
as they offer the greatest access to
daylight). The illumination rate in divided
into three levels: low, medium and high.
Saving potential increases corresponding to
an increased illumination rate.
Savings—Combined control
If the situation allows, we recommend the
combination of both motion detection and
lighting intensity control. This combined
control will provide higher savings than
one alone. The table clearly shows that the
highest savings can be made in corridors
with low frequency of occupancy combined
with a high level of available daylight.
In such cases up to 80 % can be saved on
operating costs and the lifespan of luminaires
is increased.
Savings—Manual control
When manual control is used in a space it is
not possible to calculate the saving potential,
and it is therefore defined as 0 %. We
cannot exclude from this kind of control
Energy saving according to the control system used (%)
manual control
automatic control
types of control switching on and off motion sensor lighting intensity sensor combined control system
method
progress of control
office 0 20 10 0 34 52 60 47 62 68 41 57 64 34 52 60
meeting room 0 40 35 30 32 50 58 59 70 75 56 67 72 53 65 70
corridor 0 50 30 0 34 52 60 67 76 80 54 66 72 34 52 60
classroom 0 40 20 15 33 51 59 60 70 75 46 60 67 43 58 65
shop 0 10 5 0 31 48 56 38 53 60 35 51 58 31 48 56
industrial space 0 10 5 0 31 48 56 38 53 60 35 51 58 31 48 56
warehouses 0 30 20 10 19 29 34 43 50 54 35 43 47 27 36 40
Explanations:
0%
occasional movement
normal movement
low light intensity
medium light intensity
greater movement high light intensity
1-25%
26-50%
51-80%
the factor of human failure, for example, to
turn off the system.
56 I Energy SAvings accoRDIng to the type of MAnagement used
Energy SAvings accoRDIng to the type of MAnagement used I 57

Communication interfaces
and buses
DALI control
Analog control 1–10 v
Analog control 0–10 v
DSI control
DMX control
Manual switch control
Control phase
Thyristor / transistor dimming
Remote control
PowerLine AC
PowerLine DC

Communication interfaces
and buses
DALI control
Analog control 1–10 V
Analog control 0–10 V
DSI control
DMX control
Manual switch control
Control phase
Thyristor / transistor
dimming
DALI control
The name ‘Digital addressable lighting
interface’ (DALI) is self-explanatory.
It enables the digital management of
dimmable lighting systems in the range
of 0-100 % of the luminaire’s luminous
flux.
This open standard uses a polarity-free
twin core cable, the conductor cross-section
of which depends on the size of the
installation. In general, however, we recommend
the use of cable with a diameter
of at least 1.5 mm 2 , and a maximum length
of 300 m.
Each DALI bus enables the addressing
and control of 64 units which can be divided
into 16 groups. It is possible to combine
more DALI buses in order to create a larger
and more complex system. Besides the DALI
controlled luminaires it is also possible to
control peripheral equipment and signalling
through addressed components.
This type of control means you can control
each luminaire independently if you choose.
Another advantage of DALI is the feedback,
which can inform you of the state of any
luminaire and their control gear, including
lighting levels or any damage.
DALI can be controlled easily by many
different devices, from the standard wall
push button to touch screens and remote
controls, using several parallel management
locations.
Remote control
PowerLine AC
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DALI BUS 1x2x1,5mm 2
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DA+
DA–
PowerLine DC
AC
L
DA+
DA–
DA+
DA–
L
L
DALI FEEDING
SOURCE
DA–
DA+
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PE
DA+
DA–
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PE
DA+
DA–
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PE
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DA+
DA–
N
PE
DA+
DA–
N
PE
DA+
DA–
1
2
COMBINED DALI
SENSOR
3
4
DALI Control
Panel
DALI
CONTROL GEAR
DALI
CONTROL GEAR
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PE
DA+
DA–
DALI
CONTROL GEAR
LUMINAIRE LUMINAIRE LUMINAIRE
ADDRESS: 01
ADDRESS: 02
ADDRESS: 03
ADDRESS: 04 ADDRESS: 64
The basic block scheme of the DALI bus
60 I Communication interfaces and BUSes

Communication interfaces
and buses
DALI control
Analog control 1–10 V
Analog control 0–10 V
DSI control
DMX control
Manual switch control
Control phase
Thyristor / transistor
dimming
Remote control
Analog control
1–10 V / 0–10 V
1–10 V
In this method of control the luminaire is
regulated by changing the input voltage
to the electronic control gear between
1 and 10 Volts DC.
The required dimming value is set by
changing the resistor load on the control
device, which in this case can be a dial or
slider. Voltage is supplied to the control
device directly from the electronic control
gear which at the same time assesses and
changes the voltage. For such an installation
it is necessary to use two sets of twin
core cabling, one for the switch phase (on/
off) and one for the control phase (dimming).
The switching contact on the control
device is current limited and therefore
can only operate a certain number of luminaires,
to control a larger number of luminaires
additional switching relays need
to be added. The main advantage of this
type of control is that it needs relatively
low initial investment compared to digital
controls. Disadvantages are that luminaires
cannot be individually addressed and only
controlled as one group per control phase,
and that control can only be initiated from
the one location where the control device is
installed. This type of system is limited to a
maximum 300 m control phase with a conductor
diameter of 1.5 mm 2 , unless a signal
amplifier is used.
100 %
luminous flux
(%)
0 %
within the standard
framework
a typical curve
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
operating voltage (VDC)
Ratio characteristic of dimming 1–10 V for
controlling the electronic control gears
As this is an analog control system
polarity must be maintained in all components.
0–10 V
This is very similar to 0–10 V. the main
difference is that this type of control
requires an independent voltage supply
for the control device as the voltage
is not provide by the electronic control
gear.
Therefore an external voltage source
must be connected to the system, and the
electronic control gear only assesses the
change in voltage supplied by the control
device. The ratio of regulation is approximately
linear with 5 V equating to 50 % luminous
output. One advantage of 0–10 V
over 1–10 V is that luminaires can be fully
dimmed to 0 % meaning no extra phase is
needed to switch on and off the system.
PowerLine AC
PowerLine DC
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L‘
–
+
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–
+
L
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N
– +
1-10V
PE
L
N
+ –
12-24V
– + – +
N
PE
+
L
–
N
PE
+
L
–
N
PE
L
–
+
N
PE
L
–
+
N
PE
L
–
+
N
PE
+
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PE
–
+
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–
+
L
–
Control Panel
1-10V
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–
+
power SUPPLY
230V/12-24V
Control Panel
0-10V
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–
+
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–
+
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–
+
1-10V
CONTROL GEAR
1-10V
CONTROL GEAR
1-10V
CONTROL GEAR
0-10V
CONTROL GEAR
0-10V
CONTROL GEAR
0-10V
CONTROL GEAR
LUMINAIRE LUMINAIRE LUMINAIRE LUMINAIRE LUMINAIRE LUMINAIRE
Block connection scheme 1–10 V
Block connection scheme 0–10 V
62 I Communication interfaces and buses
Communication interfaces and BUSes I 63

Communication interfaces
and buses
DALI control
Analog control 1–10 V
Analog control 0–10 V
DSI control
DMX control
Manual switch control
Control phase
Thyristor / transistor
dimming
Remote control
PowerLine AC
PowerLine DC
DSI control
DSI stands for Digital signal interface
and is similar in functionality to 1–10 V
control.
The difference between DSI and analog
control is that DSI allows the use of digital
components such as sensors, remote controls
and control devices.
The disadvantage of this type of control
is that all components included in the system
including luminaires, sensors etc., cannot
be individually addressed. However its
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advantage is that sensors can control the
dimming level according to a pre-set regime.
Luminaires are switched on and off
by the DSI signal so there is no need for
an additional switch phase to disconnect
the power to the system. For the switching
on and off and dimming of the luminaire a
button, motion or lighting intensity sensor
can be used. Each control device, generally,
can only be connected to a set number
of luminaires unless a signal amplifier
is used in which case a higher number of
luminaires can be incorporated. It is an advantage
of this control that several control
devices can be used increasing user comfort.
For this type of installation we recommend
the use of 0.5–1.5 mm 2 twin core cable with
a maximum length of 205 meters. Sensors
must be placed no further than 10 m from
the control device.
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DA–
DA+
DMX control
DMX (Digital multiplex transmission
Standard for Dimmers and controllers)
allows multi-channel digital control
along one phase.
With DMX all luminaires and components
in the system are individually addressed.
The DMX control unit sends a signal
to all components at the same time and
therefore facilitates fast, almost immediate
changes to values. Each component within
the system is fitted with a DMX decoder, for
FTP cat.5e
FTP cat.5e
FTP cat.5e
FTP cat.5e
RJ45 RJ45 RJ45 RJ45
Output1 Output2 Output3 Output4
example when DMX is used to control an
RGB light source the decoder will decode
the signal to a triple-analog signal (one signal
for each colour). If several components
are addressed in the same way they will behave
as a group even though individually
controlled.
As this control method is faster than
DALI it is ideal for use in RGB and dynamic
lighting applications such as scenic lighting
and colour control.
The disadvantage of DMX though is
that the communication is only one way,
the system can only send or receive information.
For this kind of installation standard LAN
cable is used with RJ45 connectors. The
maximum length of cable is 1200 m meaning
DMX is suitable for large scale installations.
RJ45
Dual
connector
PUSH
BUTTON
T1
PE
DSI CONTROL
UNIT
L
N
DA–
DA+
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
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DA–
DA+
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PE
DA–
DA+
DSI
CONTROL GEAR
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PE
DA–
DA+
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DA–
DA+
DSI
CONTROL GEAR
DMX Control
Panel
DMX512
IN
DMX512
OUT
RJ45
FTP cat.5e
DMX512
IN
RJ45
DMX Power Source
for LED
DMX512
OUT
RJ45
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36 LED
LUMINAIRE
36 LED
LUMINAIRE
36 LED
LUMINAIRE
RJ45
18 LED
LUMINAIRE
RJ45
18 LED
LUMINAIRE
SENSOR 1 SENSOR 2
LUMINAIRE
LUMINAIRE
Other
devices
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Block scheme of DSI connection
Block scheme of DMX connection
64 I Communication interfaces and buses
Communication interfaces and buses I 65

Communication interfaces
and buses
DALI control
Analog control 1–10 V
Analog control 0–10 V
DSI control
DMX control
Manual switch control
Control phase
Thyristor / transistor
dimming
Manual switch control
(Switch phase)
This is one of the oldest and most widely
used types of control which is facilitated
via a simple wall switch which connects
and disconnects the power supply to the
system.
The advantage of this kind of control is
that it is not necessary to add an additional
phase. This control method is now out of
date and users are much more inclined
towards intelligent control methods. The
main reason for this is the lack of any saving
potential associated with manual switched
control, and of course a lack of comfort
and the inability to use control devices such
as sensors (except switching sensors) or remote
control, etc. Lighting is either on or
off and must be manually controlled by the
user.
Control phase
(touch DIM, switchDIM)
This type of control is a simple method
that only requires luminaires to be
equipped with dimmable electronic control
gears.
It is not necessary to use any kind of
digital control elements such as DALI or
DMX. A standard push button is all that
is required to control the luminaires in this
kind of system. The control gears used
for the luminaires must be equipped with
touch DIM or switchDIM; most dimmable
electronic control gears come as standard
with this functionality. An unlimited number
of push buttons can be used as control
devices, however all luminaires in the system
will be controlled as one group as with
DSI. Control is simple. A short push of the
button for a period shorter than 0.5 seconds
either turns the system on or off. A
longer push of the button for a period of
time longer than 0.5 seconds will dim the
luminaires from 1–100 %. Each subsequent
pressing of the button will have the opposite
effect as the previous, for example, if
the button is pushed for several seconds
and the luminaires reduce their light output,
when the button is pushed again for
several seconds, the luminaires will increase
their light output.
When the system is switched on for the
first time, or if a damaged electronic control
gear has been replaced, the luminaires
can be unsynchronised and have different
light outputs. To resolve this issue we must
use so-called synchronisation. Each manufacturer
uses a different method, so it is
necessary to use the same control gears
for all luminaires so that they can all be
synchronised by the same method. One
method is to push the button for a period
longer than 10 seconds after which all the
luminaires will automatically dim to 50 %
luminous flux. Another method is to use
various combinations of short and long
pushes of the button, or double clicks.
Single core cable is used for this type of
installation, with a diameter of 1.5 mm 2 .
Remote control
PowerLine AC
PowerLine DC
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L‘
L
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L
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PE
L‘
L
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DA+
DA–
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DA+
DA–
N
L
L‘
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STANDARD
SWITCH
PUSH BUTTON
LUMINAIRE LUMINAIRE LUMINAIRE
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DA+
DA–
DALI
CONTROL GEAR
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PE
DA+
DA–
DALI
CONTROL GEAR
L
L
N
PE
DA+
DA–
N
PE
DA+
DA–
DALI
CONTROL GEAR
LUMINAIRE LUMINAIRE LUMINAIRE
Block scheme of the switch phase connection
Block scheme of touch DIM connection
66 I Communication interfaces and buses
Communication interfaces and buses I 67

Communication interfaces
and buses
DALI control
Analog control 1–10 V
Analog control 0–10 V
DSI control
DMX control
Manual switch control
Control phase
Thyristor / transistor
dimming
Remote control
PowerLine AC
PowerLine DC
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L L‘
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L
N
Thyristor / transistor dimming
This is an analog method of control
where the luminaires are dimmed according
to a change in the input voltage.
There is no data bus so this method is
not suitable for electronic control gears,
only magnetic ballasts.
In such systems it is possible to use incandescent
or halogen light sources and
some kinds of LED. The thyristor (TRIAC) or
transistor dimmer is connected directly to
the power phase and the input voltage is
regulated by means of a dial or slider. The
maximum number of luminaires that can be
connected to one output from the dimmer
is limited according to its load switching capability
and performance. When choosing
a transistor (TRAIC or IGBT) it is necessary
to check if it is compatible with the load, as
not all luminaires can be controlled by both
types of dimmer.
Leading edge (TRIAC) dimmers standardly
work by cutting the leading edge, or
first half, of the input voltage sine wave.
This works by delaying the switching on for
every first half wave which reduces the input
voltage to the system according to the
setting of the control device. The system
components in this way receive less voltage
than if the whole sine wave was delivered
to it.
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Trailing Edge (IGBT) dimmers function
in the opposite way, they cut the trailing
edge, or second half, of the input voltage
sine wave. This works by the premature
cutting off of the wave in its second half.
The main component is an insulated-gate
bipolar transistor (IGBT).
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L‘
TRANSISTOR
or THYRISTOR
dimmer
LUMINAIRE LUMINAIRE LUMINAIRE
Block scheme of connection thyristor / transistor dimmer
extent
extent
voltage
time time time
ON
OFF
TRIAC
IGBT
Cutting of the sine wave for TRIAC and IGBT
68 I Communication interfaces and buses

Communication interfaces
and buses
DALI control
Analog control 1–10 V
Analog control 0–10 V
DSI control
DMX control
Manual switch control
Control phase
Thyristor / transistor
dimming
Remote control
PowerLine AC
PowerLine DC
Remote control
Remote control is mainly used to improve
user comfort. it is a manual control
device designed for control of a
lighting system. through such a device
the system can switched on or off, lighting
scenes can be chosen, rgB applications
can be set and lighting intensity
can be changed.
Most remote control devices use infrared radiation (IR). The communication is only
one-way. IR radiation is not visible to the human eye so it is an ideal way of facilitating
communication between devices. One disadvantage is that there must be clear visibility
between the transmitting (remote control) and receiving (receiver) components or else
the signal will be blocked, therefore thought must be given to the position chosen for
the receiver. IR receivers are designed as either separate units or as part of a multi-sensor
which also includes sensors for movement and lighting intensity. Additional to the need
for clear visibility between components, IR devices are limited by distance and only suitable
for close range control.
Inaccessible
space
Obstacle
RECEIVER
Partial
angle
dispersion
IR REMote contROL
DIRect VISIBILITY IN
ONE DIRectION
If these issues prove to be problematic within a system design then it is possible to use
control devices that communicate via radio control (RC). Radio waves can partially pass
through obstacles which means that the receiver can be located in the ceiling or even
another room and so not interfere with the design of the space, and also be suitable for
more complex spaces. Also it is not necessary to direct the remote control directly at the
receiver making its use easier. RC is capable of covering larger distances so is far more
adaptable than IR.
PARTIAL
PASSAGE OF
SIGNAL
OBSTACLE
Bounced
signal
RC RECEIVER
RC REMOTE
CONTROL
CIRCULAR
BROADENING
OF RADIO
SIGNAL
The increased comfort these devices offer is now more frequently carried out by universal
remote controls, such as smartphones and tablets. These modern and intuitive
devices use wireless communication and ensure accurate and detailed control of lighting
systems. A tailor-made user interface which runs on a personal smart device means that
regulation can be done simply, intuitively, any time and almost anywhere.
iOS and Android control devices
Wireless communication uses Wi-Fi technology, and often the access point, controller
and control unit are all contained in one device. How complicated the system topology is
depends on the lighting system structure. Illumination can be managed at the most basic
level by scenic control, but further components such as sensors can be integrated also.
This kind of control can be for single rooms within the control of a whole building, with
the possibility to connect to a superior management system with different user accessibility.
IR remote control and the principle of emitting the control signal
RC remote control and the principle of emitting the control signal
CONTROL ELEMENTS
CONTROLLING COMPONENTS
LUMINAIRES
Tablet, smartphone Wireless access point Controller Control unit Luminaire
The basic topology of communication for smart devices
70 I Communication interfaces and buses
Communication interfaces and buses I 71

Communication interfaces
and buses
DALI control
Analog control 1–10 V
Analog control 0–10 V
DSI control
DMX control
Manual switch control
Control phase
Thyristor / transistor
dimming
Remote control
PowerLine ac
PowerLine DC
PowerLine AC
This is a kind of digital control done via
mains 230 V ac. the carrier (control)
signal has a frequency of 130 kHz which
is modulated to the standard 230 V and
50 Hz sine wave of the domestic power
supply. communication is sent along
this signal in packets.
It is possible for several communication
points to function within the framework of
one power network. Each communication
point has its own 6-byte address. Various
types of digital (such as DALI) and analog
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(such as 1–10 V) controls can be transmitted
via the mains power line.
To transmit a DALI command along the
power line it is modulated, or packed, into
a format which can be sent along the carrier
signal to the destination point. Once
it reaches its destination the packet is demodulated
and the original command is
read and acted upon by the DALI interface.
This kind of system not only ensures bi-directional
communication but it also means
that an installation need not include any
additional communication wiring, which in
Power supply
communication
wiring
DALI DALI DALI
certain applications is simply not possible or
feasible. Another advantage of this control
method is that no additional DALI power
supplies need be used as they are already
installed directly on the PowerLine receivers.
The maximum length of cable is 300 m,
and it can be used between buildings which
are separately metered.
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–48 V DC
+48 V DC
PowerLine DC
PowerLine DC is bi-directional communication
operating over 48 V DC power
lines. With this kind of communication
it is not only possible to control the individual
luminaires in the system but
also to monitor their state, such as the
temperature or the overall time of operation.
To transmit commands along the DC
power line it is necessary to modulate
them, and once they are received they are
demodulated and read by the device. This
requires that more sophisticated electronics
be used in both the transmitting and receiving
components of the system, which is reflected
in the price, however with it comes
a higher level of intelligence and possibility
of control.
PowerLine DC communication allows
specific addressing of individual devices and
groups. In this way it is possible to send commands
to several devices simultaneously
which is mirrored by the visual reactions of
the devices, such as the dimming of several
luminaires together.
Various sensors, transmitters, receivers
and remote control devices can be incorporated
into the system which means that
PowerLine DC can become one part of a
more comprehensive network using DALI
or Ethernet for example.
FEEDING AND COMMUNICATION TWO CORE WIRING
Advantages of this type of control include
the reduced number of wires required
in an installation, the possibility to monitor
equipment due to the high communication
speed (up to 115,200 baud), and that
firmware updates can be carried out whilst
the system is operational. Disadvantages
include the limited cable length that can be
used and the maximum number of devices
that can be connected. It is also necessary
to expect higher losses caused by the transmission
of DC power dependent on the cable
diameters used and the input power of
individual components, in comparison with
PowerLine AC.
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–
+
Switching
push BUTTON
(DALI)
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DA+
DA–
Power
fed from
DALI bus
CONTROL PART
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DA+
DA–
PowerLine
sender
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DA+
DA–
PowerLine
receiver
(group 1)
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DA+
DA–
Luminaire
with DALI
control
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DA+
DA–
Luminaire
with DALI
control
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DA+
DA–
PowerLine
receiver
(group 2)
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DA+
DA–
CONTROLLED PART
Luminaire
with DALI
control
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1 2
CENTRAL FEEDING
SOURCE
with control (CPS)
LED
LUMINAIRE
1
2
LED
LUMINAIRE
1
2
SENSOR
1
2
. . .
Block scheme of the connection PowerLine AC using DALI
Block scheme of the connection PowerLine AC
72 I Communication interfaces and buses
Communication interfaces and buses I 73

Overview of lighting
management systems
Here we categorise control systems, from the simple, the comfortable and the energy efficient,
to the autonomous control of TunableWhite and RGB applications. User control elements serve
as input interfaces which influence the behaviour of the luminaires, whether according to user
command, sensor regulation or management by a superior system. Input devices send commands
to control units which assess them. If there is no control unit included in a system then
the logic is carried out directly in the dimmable electronic ballasts, or the luminaires are controlled
manually by switches. Fluorescent and LED luminaires contain electronic control gears,
others are controlled by transformers via relay switches.
Manual control
Manual and sensor control
Simple control system
Advanced control system
Complex control system
Complex colour control system

Overview of lighting
management systems
MANUAL CONTROL
MANUAL AND SENSOR CONTROL
SIMPLE CONTROL SYSTEM
ADVANCED contROL SYSTEM
COMPLEX CONTROL SYSTEM
COMPLEX COLOUR contROL SYSTEM
switch
manual
dimmer
switch
button
RC
switch
RC remote
control
switch
button
control
panel
IR
remote
control
switch
button
touch
control panel
TunableWhite
control
panel
PowerLine AC
control
panel
PowerLine DC
iOS /
Android
switching
movement
sensor
switch
button
touch
panel
control
panel
IR remote
control
IR
remote
control
RC
remote
control
wall RGB
controller
switch
button
PC
touch
panel
wall RGB
panel
control
desk
supply components control devices
user input interface
electronic
ballast
phase (switched,
TRIAC or IGBT)
1–10 V / 0–10 V
transformer
combined
sensor
electronic
ballast
intensity
sensor
switching
movement
sensor
RC
receiver
control phase
(touch DIM, switchDIM)
switch phase
1–10 V
transformer
LED
source
electronic
ballast
DALI
1–10 V
DSI
combined
sensor
control
unit
transformer
switch
phase
LED
source
Astronomical
Clock
electronic
ballast
multi-sensor
DALI
source
PC
electronic
ballast
IR
receiver
DALI
button input
component
transformer
DALI
LED
source
PowerLine AC
transmitter
AC
PowerLine
LED
source
PowerLine AC
receiver
DC
PowerLine
combined
sensor
CPS –
central power
source
WiFi
Access
Point
PC
superior
control
system
movement
sensor
multi-channel
DALI relay
controller
multi-sensor
ETHERNET
sensor
input
member
electronic
ballast
button
input
component
DALI
central
control
unit
transformer
LED
source
IR
receiver
supplementary
control
unit
dimmer
IR
receiver
Combined
control unit
and LED
source
RC
receiver
electronic
ballast
PC
DMX/DALI
ballast
DALI
electronic
ballast
button
input
component
ETHERNET
LED
source
:bus
PC kit
central
control unit
LED
source
DMX
DMX
multi-channel
LED source
light sources and devices
lamp
fluorescent
lamp
halogen
light source
fluorescent
lamp
halogen
light
source
LED
fluorescent
lamp
halogen
light
source
LED
fluorescent
lamp
fluorescent
lamp
TunableWhite
halogen
light
source
LED
LED
TunableWhite
motor other
driven blind peripheral
control devices
fluorescent
lamp
halogen
light
source
LED
RLC load
LED
RGB
fluorescent
lamp
color
fluorescent
lamp
TunableWhite
LED
LED
TunableWhite
LED
RGB
LED
RGB
dynamic
lighting
effect
76 I Overview of LIGHting MAnagement SYStems
Overview of LIGHting MAnagement SYStems I 77

Overview of lighting
management systems
Manual control
Manual and sensor
control
Simple control system
Advanced control system
Complex control system
Complex colour control
system
Manual control
There are two types of manual control. The
first is the most widely used, the switching
on and off of a system. This type of control
does not allow dimming. The only way to
provide any potential for saving is to separate
a system into groups, and switch on
and off groups independently, meaning that
not all luminaires in the system are turned
on if it is not necessary. Disadvantages of
this kind of control are the human factor,
and the fact that luminaires deteriorate at
different rates depending on if they belong
to an often or less used group, which can
create imbalances within the system.
The second type of manual control is
manual dimming. This is controlled via Thyristor,
TRIAC or transistor dimming of the
luminaire resistance load (not compatible
with all types of luminaire). An advantage
of this control method over switching is
that all luminaires can be dimmed in unison
and therefore maintain uniform illumination.
If this type of control is required for
dimmable electronic control gears it will
be necessary to use either Analog 1–10 V
or 0–10 V protocol. Dial or slider control
devices are used, however they must be
manually operated by the user.
supply components control devices
user input interface
switch
MANUAL CONTROL
electronic
ballast
manual
dimmer
phase (switched,
TRIAC or IGBT)
1–10 V / 0–10 V
transformer
light sources and devices
lamp
fluorescent
lamp
halogen
light source
78 I Overview of LIGHting MAnagement SYStems

Overview of lighting
management systems
Manual control
Manual and sensor
control
Simple control system
Advanced control system
Complex control system
Complex colour control
system
Manual and sensor control
Manual control supplemented by sensors
designed to detect motion and
lighting intensity, or working as remote
control receivers.
This kind of control combines manual
and automatic regulation achieving either
a gradual or incremental change. An
incremental change is used in the case of
motion sensor control, when movement is
detected the luminaires are switched on (by
switch phase). After motion is no longer detected
and a pre-set delay has elapsed, the
luminaires are switched off. If using 1–10 V
control it is possible to add the continuous
regulation of a lighting intensity sensor
which includes an additional control phase
designed for the manual dimming of luminaires
with dimmable electronic control
gears, no further control device beside the
wall switch (in this case a dial or slider) is
required. To ensure further comfort a combined
sensor or RC remote control could be
used. The disadvantage of such a system is
that control phase management is limited
by the number of luminaires it can control.
supply components control devices
user input interface
switch
button
MANUAL AND SENSOR CONTROL
combined
sensor
electronic
ballast
intensity
sensor
RC
switch
switching
movement
sensor
RC
receiver
control phase
(touch DIM, switchDIM)
switch phase
1–10 V
transformer
LED
source
RC remote
control
Simple control system
Simple control systems are designed for
simple applications which require little
management, such as smaller offices,
classrooms and hallways.
This type of management can control
a larger number of dimmable luminaires
compared to manually or sensor controlled
management. Regulation works according
to information received from a combined
sensor (motion and lighting intensity). To
scan a larger area it is possible to use several
sensors and the scanned levels are averaged.
The choice of sensor depends on the
type of mounting needed, ceiling recessed
or ceiling surfaced. Scanning and level set-
ting are activated via button control. This
type of system includes a range of pre-set
modes from which the user selects the
most suitable during installation. As combined
sensor control can be automated we
can also offer information about potential
energy saving along with low initial cost.
Another type of simple control system
is the switching on and off of luminaires
according to an Astronomical Clock. This
is done incrementally following sunrise and
sunset.
supply components control devices
user input interface
electronic
ballast
SIMPLE CONTROL SYSTEM
DALI
1–10 V
DSI
combined
sensor
control
unit
transformer
switch
button
switch
phase
LED
source
Astronomical
Clock
light sources and devices
light sources and devices
fluorescent
lamp
halogen
light source
LED
fluorescent
lamp
halogen
light source
LED
80 I Overview of LIGHting MAnagement SYStems
Overview of lighting manAGement SYStems I 81

Overview of lighting
management systems
Manual control
Manual and sensor
control
Simple control system
Advanced control system
Complex control system
Complex colour control
system
Advanced control system
This kind of system is designed for small
and medium sized intelligent lighting
systems such as for administrative spaces,
smaller production and warehouse
areas, sports facilities and theatres, etc.
Control can be based on motion detection,
lighting intensity, and pre-set
scenes.
Communication is done via a DALI bus,
which needs a separate feed through a
DALI source. Control functionality must be
first programed by computer. This type of
system does not use logical or time based
control, and luminaire groups can generally
only be created within the scope of
the DALI bus. Various control devices can
be used such as sensors, remote control,
buttons, contacts, smartphones, touch
panels or tablets. Management based on
TunableWhite can also be included in these
advanced systems. It is possible to use central
power line communication where, in
the case of lighting reconstruction, it is not
possible to add a separate control line but
the dimming capabilities of luminaires must
be maintained.
supply components control devices
user input interface
light sources and devices
control
panel
electronic
ballast
multi-sensor
DALI
source
PC
electronic
ballast
IR
remote
control
IR
receiver
DALI
ADVANCED CONTROL SYSTEM
switch touch control control
button control panel panel panel
TunableWhite PowerLine AC PowerLine DC
button input
component
transformer
DALI
LED
source
PowerLine AC
transmitter
AC
PowerLine
PowerLine AC
receiver
LED
source
DC
PowerLine
combined
sensor
Central Power
Source (CPS)
Complex control system
This kind of system is designed for extensive
intelligent lighting systems such
as for large administrative buildings,
hotels, sports facilities, production and
warehouse areas, and other spaces
where there is a higher number of luminaires
and input / output elements.
Basic communication is done via a DALI
bus. These buses no do require an external
power supply as power comes directly
from the control unit. The number of
control units used depends on the size of
the installation. Communication between
control units is carried out via an Ethernet
connection using TCP/IP protocol. After
establishing the required structure of the
control units (each unit can control several
DALI buses) it is possible to connect more
than 10,000 DALI devices consisting of luminaires,
external relays, sensors, dimmers,
and various other input units. The system
supports OPC communication (standard
within the lighting industry) and therefore
can be further connected to a BMS (Building
Management System) and Ethernet I/O
and emergency devices. The input controls
can be buttons, remote controls, touch
panels, smartphones and tablets. Such a
system allows control via a graphical, user
created computer software program.
A system like this can also be used for
smaller applications where the user requires
very specific control including especially
convenient elements such as touch panels,
tablets and smartphones. From all DALI
devices it is possible to create more than
15,000 groups, and each luminaire can be
pre-set for up to 128 lighting scenes. This
kind of system, even though smaller, must
still be programed by computer. DALI can
be used to control other peripheral devices
such as blinds, gates, alarms, pumps, heating
and air conditioning. Time control can
also be utilised allowing one-time and repeated
time activated events. Logical functionality
can also be programed into the
system.
It is possible to incorporate both DMX
and DALI protocol. DMX is especially suitable
for RGB applications. When more than
one protocol is used it is possible to use a
superior control system such as KNX which
offers further operational options.
supply components control devices
user input interface
light sources and devices
iOS /
Android
WiFi
access
point
PC
superior
control
system
movement multi-sensor
sensor
multi-channel
DALI relay
controller
ETHERNET
COMPLEX CONTROL SYSTEM
switching
movement
sensor
sensor
input
member
electronic
ballast
DALI
switch
button
button
input
component
central
control
unit
transformer
touch
panel
LED
source
control
panel
IR remote
control
IR
receiver
supplementary
control unit
dimmer
fluorescent
lamp
fluorescent
lamp
TunableWhite
halogen
light source
LED
LED
TunableWhite
motor other fluorescent
driven blind peripheral lamp
control devices
halogen
light source
LED
RLC load
82 I Overview of LIGHting MAnagement SYStems
Overview of lighting manAGement SYStems I 83

Overview of lighting
management systems
Manual control
Manual and sensor
control
Simple control system
Advanced control system
Complex control system
Complex colour control
system
Complex colour control system
RGB can be used in many ways, from
mood lighting in individual rooms to the
illumination of large buildings and public
places.
RGB allows you to choose the precise
colour, brightness and saturation you
want for a specific time, space or event.
This type of system can be controlled by
remote devices such as Infrared sensors,
Radio Control, buttons and tablets. In such
applications DMX buses are used, they are
the most appropriate for this kind of application
due to their speed and method of
communicating. The desired effect is accomplished
via pre-set scenes which use
one or a combination of colours for the
whole area being illuminated. It is also
possible to use dynamic lighting which is a
timed transition between scenes, the transition
can be of varied lengths. The user can
easily save lighting scenes to be used again
at a later time. It is also possible to activate
lighting scenes using time control. This kind
of system generally needs programing with
a computer. In order to achieve the desired
RGB effect or TunableWhite functionality,
it is necessary to use various light outputs,
radiation angles and construction.
supply components control devices
user input interface
IR
remote
control
IR
receiver
combined
control unit
and LED
source
RC
remote
control
RC
receiver
electronic
ballast
COMPLEX COLOUR CONTROL SYSTEM
wall RGB
controller
DMX/DALI
ballast
DALI
PC
electronic
ballast
switch
button
button
input
component
LED
source
:bus
PC
PC kit
central control
unit
ETHERNET
LED
source
touch
panel
DMX
wall RGB
panel
DMX
multi-channel
LED source
control
desk
light sources and devices
LED
RGB
fluorescent
lamp
color
fluorescent
lamp
TunableWhite
LED
LED
TunableWhite
LED
RGB
LED
RGB
dynamic
lighting
effect
84 I Overview of LIGHting MAnagement SYStems

Applications
OFFICES
CORRIDORS, STAIRCASES, TOILETS AND GARAGES
EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
LIVING AREAS
RETAIL AND SHOPPING MALLS
HOTELS, RESTAURANTS AND PUBS
FACADES AND ARCHITECTURE
SPORTS FACILITIES
free time and WELLNESS
MANUFACTURING SPACES AND WAREHOUSES
HEALTH AND CARE
ROADS AND PUBLIC SPACES
* The highlighted icons in individual applications
show which spaces the described management
system can be used.
86 I TYPY RIADENIA

Offices
Office buildings, and especially the rooms and offices within them, are generally
used for more than 10 hours per day. To meet the requirements of such
spaces means to create an optimal control system. Using control systems in
such applications is the way to ensure that not only basic needs are met, such
as illuminance level, but that there is saving potential. The most basic control
requirement is the manual or automatic change of illumination according to
need. When this is combined with motion and lighting intensity sensors we
will have achieved an automatic system which offers the greatest possible
saving potential. Simple and intuitive controls, which could be as little as a
single wall switch, will minimise inconvenience and its application will bring
maximum efficiency.
A busy conference room requires a specific kind of lighting solution. The requirements
placed on the lighting system will vary greatly depending on the
use of the space at any given time. These needs can be met by lighting scene
control. With the touch of a button on a wall panel the scene for a meeting
can be chosen, or the scene for a presentation. It can be made easier
and more convenient still be having remotely controlled lighting scenes. Also,
other devices can easily be integrated into the management system, for example
blinds and projection screens. The whole system can be controlled via a
touch LCD device such as an iPad, with an interface tailor-made for each user
and environment, and the graphics can even be adapted to communicate a
specific company image.

Applications
Control by switch phase
(Sample application—Office)
Control via a simple wall switch is one of
the most basic and widespread methods
used.
Switch phase control works simply by
connecting or disconnecting the power
supply. This method of switching luminaires
on and off is not automatic, and does not
offer additional user comfort or saving potential.
A conventional wall switch is used in
this case, which connects and disconnects
the current going to the luminaire.
The number of luminaires controlled by a
switch depends on the amount of current
they use and the limitation in current load
of the switch contacts.
Another disadvantage is that all luminaires
on the circuit will be switched on
or off together. To split the luminaires into
groups would require more switches and
more wiring, increasing the initial cost of
installation.
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
3 3
1 1
1 1
3
1
main lighting (non-dimmable)
accent lighting (non-dimmable)
power supply
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
Comfort
Autonomous character
switch
OFF
0 %
100 %
0 %
100 %
When the wall switch is off, all luminaires are off.
0 %
ENERGY SAVING
ON
When the wall switch is on, all luminaires (both
the main and accent ones) are on and working at
maximum luminous flux without any possibility of
dimming.
90 I APPLIcations
APplications I 91

Applications
DIM 0-100 %
Advanced DALI management
system
(Sample application—Office)
DALI offers a modern method of lighting
control for office use.
Ease of use is ensured by the control
devices, a remote control or wall mounted
push button panel.
A multifunctional DALI sensor placed on
the ceiling or within a luminaire scans for
movement and lighting intensity, and at the
same time serves as an IR receiver for the
remote control. The DALI control is used to
power the data bus. Setup and adjustment
of the system are done via computer programing.
3
3
2
80 %
When putting the lighting system into automatic
mode the luminaires light when a movement occurs,
relative to the intensity of daylight which is entering
the room via the windows.
main lighting (dimmable)
power supply
data bus (DALI)
control panel
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
Comfort
Autonomous character
By use of the control elements (wall push button
panel or remote control) it is possible to choose, besides
the automatic regime, a pre-set lighting scene
(e.g. 80 %). Motion and lighting intensity detection is
deactivated with this type of operation.
IR remote control
34-68 %
0 %
multi-sensor
ENERGY SAVING
DALI power source
If sufficient lighting intensity is entering the room
through the windows the luminaires are automatically
off even if a movement is detected.
92 I APplications
APplications I 93

group 2: DIM 0–100 %
group 1: DIM 0–100 %
Applications
During regular working hours the luminaires dim
autonomously according to the amount of available
daylight. At the same time the luminaires automatically
switch on and off based on motion detection
or based on the manual intervention of a user
through a control push button.
Sensor group control
(Sample application—Open office)
From the point of view of saving potential
in an open office application it
is most effective to separate luminaires
into groups and to control them independently.
Management in this sample application
is done using two simple control systems.
The first group is regulated by a combined
motion and lighting intensity sensor
which is placed within one of the luminaires
in the group. The control device is a simple
wall button which can switch the luminaires
on or off, and set the lighting level
via a separate twin core control phase to
the control unit. This phase is separate from
the data bus which controls the luminaires.
Depending on the control gear used DALI
or 1–10 V protocol can be used.
The second group of luminaires is connected
similarly.
To better be able to scan the area in the
second group an additional sensor is positioned
in the area near the door. Sensors
are connected to the control unit via two
twin-core lines. The way this system controls
is based upon the continuous regulation
of lighting intensity and movement
and a pre-defined switching delay. This kind
of system does not utilise scenic control.
If movement detection is not possible
due to the layout or occupancy of the office
it is possible to use only lighting intensity
regulation.
1
2
luminaire group 1 (dimmable)
luminaire group 2 (dimmable)
power supply
data bus (DALI)
control line
connection line
push button
control unit
1 1 2 2
1 1 2 2
2 2
1 1 2 2
3
2 2
combined sensor
4
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
Comfort
Autonomous character
34-68 %
ENERGY SAVING
group 2: 100 %
group 2: 100 %
group 2: 0 %
group 1: 100 %
group 1: 0 %
group 1: 100 %
Where sunlight does not enter the room through
the windows, in order to maintain the required
lighting conditions the luminaires have to light at
100 % luminous flux.
If there is no movement detected under the first
group of luminaires, these lighting fixtures are off.
Group lighting management helps increase energy
savings not only in open offices.
When the occupancy of the space changes the illumination
automatically adapts.
94 I APplications
APplications I 95

Applications
Daylight simulation
(Sample application—Open office)
A daylight simulation system which
uses tunableWhite (tuning the colour
of white light) requires a central control
unit and corresponding control devices.
A touch panel plays the role of the
central control unit whilst at the same time
being the control device. All luminaires
behave as one group. As the connection to
the DALI bus is direct it means that the dimmable
luminaires and data cables can be
used for management. The power source
for the data bus is directly in the control
panel.
Luminaires are controlled by an automatic
sequence of smooth and continuous
change in colour temperature which cannot
be registered by the human eye. Luminaires
can also be controlled using pre-set lighting
scenes.
Use of a slowly developing continuous
pre-set sequence, which simulates natural
daylight, supports people’s productivity
and energy levels. Another possibility is to
loop a sequence throughout the day.
It is of course beneficial to add to
this system motion and lighting intensity
sensors which will increase system autonomy,
and offer higher saving potential.
main lighting (TunableWhite)
power supply
data bus (DALI)
touch panel TW
3
2
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
Comfort
Autonomous character
0 %
ENERGY SAVING
2700 K
4000 K
The change of correlated colour temperature is
carried out automatically according to a pre-set
logic. The correlated colour temperature of white
light in the specified space is 2,700 K.
The correlated colour temperature of white light in
the specified space is 4,000 K.
6500 K
The correlated colour temperature of white light in
the specified space is 6,500 K.
96 I APplications
APplications I 97

Applications
0 %
Combined control of luminaires
and peripheral devices
(Sample application—Conference room)
Using this type of control system we can
change from a lighting scene set for a
meeting to one set for a presentation or
a coffee break.
In this sample application the touch
panel is only the control device. One sensor
situated in the centre of the room scans the
lighting intensity. The system also manages
the blinds and backlighting of the company
logo. The switch control defined for managing
the blinds receives commands via the
DALI bus from the touch panel.
The company logo is also controlled
via the DALI bus which switches the power
phase. By a single touch on the touch
panel the room is prepared for a presentation.
The backlighting of the company
logo is turned off, the luminaires near the
projection screen are turned off and the
remaining luminaires are set at a level of,
for example, 30 % luminous flux. Once the
presentation is concluded, another touch
of the same button on the touch panel returns
the room to its previous state.
Through an individually designed graphical
interface on the touch panel device we
can create intuitive control for any user,
enabling control of the entire system within
the room. Before operation the system
and control device must be computer programed.
3
light-logo
main lighting (dimmable))
power supply
switched power phase
data bus (DALI)
touch panel
multi-sensor
DALI power source
multi-channel DALI relay
motor-driven blind control
4
2
3
screen
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
Comfort
Autonomous character
32-58 %
ENERGY SAVING
0 %
90 %
30 %
If availability of daylight is at a sufficient level the
lighting system will start in automatic mode. In this
mode the system is regulated according to the level
of lighting intensity, and if possible the luminaires
will be switched off.
The motor-driven blind control can be controlled via
DALI. In this way the blinds can be drawn to any
level. The lighting can also be changed at any time.
Presentation lighting scene. The luminaires near the
projection screen are off in order to achieve better
contrast of the image. The luminaires which are
further away from the screen are dimmed to 30 %
to avoid being distracting whilst at the same time
ensuring the room is not completely dark.
98 I APplications
APplications I 99

Corridors, staircases, toilets and garages
Corridors are one of the spaces within a building where there
is great saving potential as they are not in continuous use.
These spaces require a specific kind of lighting solution that
can take full advantage of their inherent characteristics. When
designing the illumination it is vital to place enough emphasis
on safety, and to focus on the functionality and mood of the
lighting rather than placing undue significance on aesthetics.
In this way we can ensure the best possible saving potential.
The use of motion sensors is the most effective method of
regulation for such applications; when a corridor is effectively
covered by the sensors the lighting will switch on only when
necessary. From a safety point of view, and in order to minimise
the risk of injury during busy times, it is useful to have a
delay in switching off the luminaires, and that the switching
off is not complete but to a ‘safety level’ (this is called the corridor
function). In such cases the luminous flux is reduced to
10 % which ensures sufficient visibility, even when there is no
movement detected. This type of solution reduces the need
for a large number of switches and control devices.

Applications
0 %
Until the motion sensors detect any movement, the
luminaires are off.
Scanning movement by
switching sensor
(Sample application—A simple corridor)
In such cases that corridors have no
available daylight it is possible to
control the lighting solely on the base of
movement and occupancy.
Luminaires in these types of application
need not be dimmable. Control is carried
out simply by switching the supply phase
to the luminaires, and all luminaires
will behave as one group. Switching is
automatic, based on movement within the
space.
It is necessary that the sensor be suitably
positioned so as to effectively scan the area.
Different types of sensor can be placed at
different heights, with differing scanning
angles and various assembly options,
so there will always be a sensor which is
suitable for your application.
For added convenience it may be
beneficial to use DALI or 1–10 V dimming
which will improve the saving potential.
If using a dimmable system it is necessary
to use smooth and comfortable transitions
between lighting levels to ensure the visual
comfort of users.
non-dimmable luminaire
Switch phase
scanning area of sensor
movement switching sensor
3
3 3
3
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
Comfort
Autonomous character
0-50 %
ENERGY SAVING
100 %
100 %
When detecting a movement the luminaires switch
on in one step (using the switching sensor) to maximum
luminous flux.
If there is no movement detected there is a delay
and then the luminaires switch off. This is caused by
disconnecting the switching sensor’s contact. The
time of delay is set according to the presumed rate
of occupancy within the space.
As a matter of safety, and at the same time to
increase saving potential, it is possible to control
luminaires using the corridor function where after
the delay has elapsed they are dimmed to 10 %.
10 %
102 I APplications
APplications I 103

Applications
0 %
100 %
If a movement is detected only in the first zone,
only the luminaires situated there switch on.
Zone scanning of movement
(Sample application—A complex corridor)
If the corridor has a more intricate layout
then it is necessary to use more sensors
to scan a larger area. Each sensor
can control its own group of luminaires
(the first group in the sample application).
An additional sensor, a so called slave
sensor, can be added to the system (the
second group in the sample application).
The switching of the supply phase is done
by the master sensor.
Slave sensors deliver information to the
master sensor via a single line. The number
of feeding lines depends on device hierarchy.
The most important thing to ensure is
that all sensors are fed by the supply phase.
The sample application corridor has some
available daylight so it is worth also using
lighting intensity sensors so that if movement
is detected and the daylight available
meets the required level of luminous flux
the luminaires will not switch on. Whether
the luminaires will switch to maximum luminous
flux or to a dimmed level, depending
on available daylight, depends on the
type of sensor used. If a simple switching
sensor is used the change will be incremental,
if a dimming sensor is used the change
will be smooth and gradual. If it is deemed
necessary to use a larger number of luminaires
than the sensor can control an external
switching relay will need to be used.
The corridor function provides higher
saving potential with a higher level of user
comfort.
1
2
1
2 – MASTER SENsOR 2 – SLAVE SENsOR
2 2 2
2
3 4 3 3
2
3
luminaire group 1 (non-dimmable)
luminaire group 2 (non-dimmable)
switch phase
control line
scanning surface of the sensor MASTER 1
scanning surface of the sensor MASTER 2
scanning surface of the sensor SLAVE 2
movement switching sensor
3
3
3 4
1
1
4 4
4
1 – MASTER SENsOR
3
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
Comfort
Autonomous character
34-80 %
ENERGY SAVING
100 %
0 %
100 %
0 %
0 %
When movement is detected in the next scanning
zone, the luminaires in the next zone switch on.
If no movement is detected and the delay time has
elapsed the luminaires switch off.
0 %
If the space is sufficiently lit with daylight and the
illuminance level meets the required pre-set requirements,
the luminaires in both zones do not switch
on even though a movement may be detected.
104 I APplications
APplications I 105

Applications
0 %
GROUND FLOOR
Cascade scanning of movement
(Sample application—Staircase)
As with corridors, staircases in public
places have a high rate of occupancy.
Controlling the lighting via a standard
wall switch is not user-friendly, whilst having
continuous full illumination is not economically
advantageous. This problem is
easily resolved by the use of cascade scanning
of movement. The lighting on each
floor can be independently managed, or
all groups on above-ground floors can be
controlled as one group and below-ground
floors as another group.
By connecting one master and two slave
sensors for above-ground application all
above-ground lights can be controlled as
one. The functionality of these sensors is as
in the previous section ‘Zone scanning of
movement’. If it is a space with no available
daylight required levels of luminous flux
and timing can be set remotely or manually
directly in the sensor. Controlling each floor
independently will provide higher saving
potential.
It is possible to use PIR sensors in corridors
as well as high-frequency sensors.
Slave 1
sensor
SLAve 1
sensor
Master 1
sensor
Master 2
sensor
scanning plane of sensor
luminaire (non-dimmable)
switch phase
control line from SLAVE sensor
movement switching sensor
2. floor
1. floor
ground floor
basement
Comfort
Autonomous character
34-80 %
ENERGY SAVING
3
Master
sensor
3 4 1
3
ground floor
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
BASEMENT
0 %
100 %
0 %
100 %
Until any movement is detected on any of the
floors, all luminaires are off.
Should any movement be detected above-ground,
all luminaires in the above-ground group switch on.
100 %
If a person should go to the basement movement
will also be detected there. If the person remains
there for any length of time the luminaires aboveground
will switch off. The basement space behaves
as a different lighting system.
106 I APplications
APplications I 107

LIVING AREAS
In our technological era, intelligent lighting management within the home
takes its place beside audio visual, home cinema and security systems. Lighting,
besides its basic function of providing sufficient illumination, has the
ability to affect the wellbeing of residents and can become a design tool by
which to implement an overall atmosphere and image in the home. Great
advantages of an intelligent lighting system are the ease of control and how
tailor-made it can be for each particular application. Regulation based on
lighting intensity can, without any intervention from the user, create the
light needed. If RGB technology is incorporated, by using a simple control
it is possible to change the atmosphere of any space using lighting scenes.
The stylish look of control devices such as remote controls and touch panels
complete the overall elegant look of such a state-of-the-art living area.
External illumination for gardens, paths and swimming pools, etc., are also
popular options for residential lighting. Exterior lighting can be regulated
automatically, remotely operated or manually controlled from the comfort
of the home.
Thanks to such intelligent systems not only do residents experience a much
higher level of comfort combined with beautiful design, but also great saving
potential.

Applications
DIM 0–100 %
RGB OFF
Combined RGB/W control
(Sample application—Bedroom)
By using rgB lighting you can create the
atmosphere you want in the bedroom. if
RGB is used in combination with white
you can further extend the effects you
can create.
The combined control unit used in the
sample application can independently control
three RGB channels. For added comfort
the system is fitted with an IR remote control
and IR receiver.
Data communication in this sample application
is between the IR receiver, control
unit, LED source and the push button
control device, and achieved by a specific
data bus on the control phase. The central
control unit connects the data bus with the
dimmable luminaires in such a way as to
create a complete lighting system. General
illumination is controlled by the DALI bus,
and the push button device added into
the system by an additional bus is used to
control lighting scenes. When the system is
installed it is necessary to program the software’s
functionality and system properties.
The primary function of the solution is to
create a comfortable and dynamic design,
not to save energy, although this too can be
achieved.
1
2
main lighting (dimmable)
ambient RGB lighting (dimmable)
power supply
data bus (DALI)
control line
specific data bus
LED source
switch
IR remote control
1
1
2
1
1
3 2 4 2
4
2
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
Comfort
Autonomous character
0 %
ENERGY SAVING
100 %
10 %
RGB OFF
RGB ON
During the morning, day or evening when daylight
enters the room through the windows, it is possible
to manually dim the main lighting to the required
level. The ambient RGB lighting can be off.
If daylight does not penetrate the space from
outside, the luminous flux is at 100 % according to
the chosen lighting scene.
push button input device
IR receiver
central control unit
combined control unit and LED source
For inducing a relaxing atmosphere or other moods
into the room, the RGB ambient lighting can be set
for various colours. General lighting is dimmed.
110 I APPLIcations
APplications I 111

Applications
Comfort control of lighting and
peripheral devices
(Sample application—Living room)
Thanks to intelligent electrical systems
it is now possible to control almost
anything within a building, not only the
lighting.
The solution outlined in the sample application
shows lighting management within
a living space controlled by smartphone.
Together with controlling the luminaires it
is possible to add peripheral devices such
as blinds, TV, audio equipment and satellite,
etc. The independent groups of white luminaires
can be individually dimmed to any
level.
RGB LED luminaires create atmospheric
lighting options for the space, maybe for
sitting with visitors, watching sports on TV
or relaxing and listening to music.
Communication between the control
system and smartphone is done by Wi-Fi so
control works remotely. The graphical control
application can made according to the
needs and desires of the user. Besides use
of a smartphone it possible to use devices
with iOS or Android, touch panels and universal
remote controls.
There is also a wall panel at the entrance
to the space where lighting scenes can be
chosen. At installation it is necessary to program
the functionality of the system and
create a graphical interface for all control
devices.
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
5
AUDIO TV SAT
3 2
4 4
3
3
1 1
1
1
3
2
2
4
white luminaire (DALI)
white luminaire (DALI)
white luminaire (DALI)
RGB/W luminaire (DALI)
LED RGB luminaire (DALI)
blinds (electric motors)
power supply
switch phase
data bus (DALI)
Ethernet network
control panel
iOs / Android
central control unit
access point
2
2
2 2
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
Comfort
Autonomous character
0 %
ENERGY SAVING
The primary function of the solution is to
create a comfortable and dynamic design,
not to save energy, although this too can
be achieved.
6
Spotlights shine at a low level of luminous flux and
complete the design of the room also during the
day.
The decorative RGB luminaires illuminating the
wall behind the TV can be set at any colour from
the whole colour spectrum. Control through a
smartphone enables all luminaires and peripheral
devices (TV, audio, satellite, blinds, etc.) to be
controlled via Wi-Fi from one device.
All luminaires emit a white colour and the blinds can
be drawn down to any level.
controller
multi-channel DALI relay
engine-driven control of blinds
The central RGB atmospheric lighting creates an
atmosphere for various activities, e.g. sports or
relaxation, and the blinds can be drawn down
completely.
112 I APplications
APplications I 113

RETAIL AND SHOPPING MALLS
Lighting plays a key role in the retail environment. To best display
goods the type of lighting used, and its distribution, must
be adapted to each need. A well illuminated sales area can
attract attention to goods and specific brands and is one of
the best tools to increase profit. As energy prices rise efficient
solutions are needed but without compromising functionality.
Such solutions inevitably require intelligent management
systems. Improving the appeal of a space can be achieved by
dynamic changes in lighting intensity and periodic changes
of colour. Using pre-set lighting scenes as the primary control
method can make it easy and quick to change the lighting
intensity and colour character throughout the day with no
physical intervention required from the user.
In such cases as where daylight is available it is worthwhile
installing lighting intensity sensors which adapt the level of artificial
light according to how much daylight falls in the space.
This can offer significant saving potential especially in systems
with a focus on lighting uniformity.

Applications
Cascade scanning of intensity
(Sample application—Shop)
One of the least expensive yet most effective
solutions for a space with available
daylight is 1–10 V control.
It is clear in the sample application that
the individual lines of luminaires moving
away from the window each have their
own group 1–10 V sensor. In this way it is
possible to ensure uniform illumination of
the space. During the day each line of luminaires
shines only to the extent needed.
The sensor for each individual line of
luminaires is always placed in one main
luminaire which functions as the master
and communicates with the data bus, and
through which the line is controlled. The
chosen level of lighting intensity can be
set directly on the sensor. As regulation is
constant, changes in lighting intensity are
slight and unrecognisable by the human
eye. Switching on and off of the lighting is
done through one wall switch which controls
the power supply to the luminaires by
switch phase.
1 1 1 1 1
2
2 2 2 2 2
2
3 3 3 3 3
2
4 4 4 4 4
2
main lighting
power supply
data bus (1–10 V)
switch
sensor of intensity
cash desk
3
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
Comfort
Autonomous character
31-56 %
100 %
0 %
100 %
15 %
100 %
33 %
100 %
70 %
If there is not sufficient daylight available (such as
during evening hours) all luminaires automatically
work at full luminous flux.
ENERGY SAVING
If the room has large windows and during the
day there is sufficient daylight it is suitable to
use cascade scanning to dim the luminaires. For
maintaining a uniformity of lighting throughout
the whole space the luminaires are automatically
dimmed more at the windows.
116 I APplications
APplications I 117

Applications
Complex management system
RGB/W
(Sample application—Boutique)
Boutiques require a high quality lighting
solution specific to the space. the
personality of the store and its goods
are best communicated by combining
white and rgB light with suitable light
distribution.
In this sample application all luminaires
are centrally regulated via a control panel.
The white luminaires are DALI controlled
using dimming and lighting scenes, and
the RGB luminaires are DMX controlled.
Lighting in the storage space can be controlled
from the central control panel but
can also be switched on and off separately
by a wall switch. Non-dimmable luminaires
are used for advertisement lighting and are
integrated into the system through a DALI
relay. Luminaires used in the window are
standardly DALI controlled.
The entire store is controlled via an
LCD touch panel. Individual DALI controls,
lighting scenes, colour setting, and the
switching on and off of the whole system
including storage spaces, fitting rooms and
shop windows, is all done from one location.
Before the system is used we must
program its functionality.
Such lighting systems do not focus on
saving energy (although this can be included
in the design in various ways) but
on modern controls, specialist design and
a high degree of comfort.
1
1
2
3
4
5
3
1
4
1
3
shop
window
DALI luminaire white
DMX luminaire RGB
DALI LED RGB strip
DALI luminaire
non-dimmable luminaire
power supply
LED power source
data bus (DALI)
switch phase
control line
data bus (DMX)
push button
touch panel
cash desk
2
push button input component
2
1
2
1
1
3
4
3
1
2
1
2
4
4
stoRAGe
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
fitting
rooms
mannequins
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
cOMFORT
Autonomous character
0 %
ENERGY SAVING
5
5
5
RGB luminaires enable dynamic colour changes.
This change runs continuously with a sufficiently
long time interval so that the change of colour
does not have an unpleasant distracting effect on
customers and employees. The RGB application
together with white lighting completes the space
during operation.
When the goods are being replenished, during
stock-taking or cleaning, all luminaires are shining
white.
central control unit
LED source
multi-channel DALI relay
The lighting scene during the night also attracts
passers-by to the shop. Changing RGB lighting
draws attention to the store and the goods on sale.
118 I APplications
APplications I 119

Applications
Central Power Source control
(Sample application—Supermarket)
PowerLine DC is an innovative management
method functioning via the power
supply to the lED luminaires and their
Central power source (cps). the cps
system used in this sample application
uses an intelligent interface between
the central system (the master) and the
connected luminaires (the slaves) which
communicates via a +48 V DC power
line bus.
By centralising the power supply it lowers
the price of the luminaires as they no
longer need individual control gears. This
in turn reduces their size and weight making
them easier to accommodate in terms
of practicality and design. The interface
built directly into the CPS can dim connected
luminaires, activate lighting scenes and
monitor the system from almost anywhere
via the internet.
This sample application uses LED spotlights
which are controlled together in one
group. The system is regulated by a wall
mounted PowerLine DC control panel, but
the actual functionality such as dimming
levels, are set directly on the CPS. Using
the CPS as an interface PowerLine DC can
be incorporated into other protocols (LAN,
DALI, 1–10 V). When connecting to the superior
system, for example DALI, the CPS
is taken as one DALI address. The advantage
of this is that if a luminaire needs to
be replaced, maybe due to malfunction, it
is not necessary to re-program PowerLine
DC. The 48 V power line which is also the
data communication line, is partially fitted
2
2
3
luminaire without control gear on the
track system (dimmable)
AC power supply
DC power supply
control line
Central Power Source (CPS)
control panel PowerLine DC
within the track system meaning that even
during installation savings are being made
(due to simple installation which requires
less wiring).
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
cOMFORT
Autonomous character
0-15 %
ENERGY SAVING
85 %
DIM 0–100 %
All luminaires have the same luminous output,
functioning as one group.
The possibility to connect a lighting intensity sensor
means the CPS can also control the luminaires
autonomously based on available daylight.
120 I APplications
APplications I 121

MANUFACTURING SPACES AND WAREHOUSES
Industrial buildings are challenging locations where light must be economical,
flexible, adaptable and responsive to activity and users. Lighting systems
in these spaces should integrate daylight and artificial light, improve the
working environment and stimulate productivity. The lighting must do much
more than be functional and provide the required level of light.
The lighting in manufacturing premises needs to illuminate a wide range of
tasks. It should be easily adaptable to changes in activity within the space,
and to be easily modified via well organised layouts, lighting scenes and
sensor control. The luminous and technical design are based on the operational
requirements of the system, and if incorporating sensor control, offer
a compromise between an ideal and economical result. Complex management
systems used in manufacturing and warehouse spaces can offer savings
of up to 50 %.

Applications
0 %
0 %
Complex lighting management
system based on movement
(Sample application—Warehouse)
The idea behind functional lighting in
warehouses, whether large or small, is
always the same—the emphasis is on
saving energy.
Generally, warehouses are large spaces
with many aisles with racks and open areas
where many luminaires need to be installed.
It is necessary to ensure sufficient and appropriate
illumination is provided specifically
where there is the movement of people or
vehicles. Regulation is stepped and often
controlled by motion sensors or a combination
of motion and lighting intensity
sensors. In such cases, when movement
is detected the luminaires will only switch
on if there is insufficient daylight available.
In aisles with racks the corridor function is
used.
When selecting the right kind of sensor
we must take into account the installation
height of the luminaires. As industrial premises
usually have high ceilings and luminaires
are installed at, for example, a height
of 10 m, High Bay sensors need to be used.
It is beneficial to divide lighting in these
complex spaces into individually regulated
groups. Each part of the warehouse, the
aisles with racks, handling areas, loading
bays and walkways, all need a specific lighting
solution. There should be the option
to control the luminaires not only in single
groups, but also together if it is useful.
One or more cooperating control units
create the central control system. Each control
unit collects information from its inputs:
sensors, control devices, a superior system
and the luminaires themselves. Communication
between control units in this sample
1
2
3
4
5
luminaire group 1 (dimmable)
luminaire group 2 (dimmable)
luminaire group 3 (dimmable)
luminaire group 4 (dimmable)
power supply
data bus (DALI)
scanning area of sensor
control line
push button
2
2
3
4 4 4 4 4
2 4 2
3
4
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
movement sensor
push button input
central control unit
application is done using a DALI bus. Such
managed systems provide high saving potential.
A system of this scope can be either
2
2
1 2 3
2
2
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
cOMFORT
Autonomous character
27-54 %
ENERGY SAVING
centrally or remotely administered. During
system start-up it is necessary to program all
functional properties.
3
3
3
3
10 %
10 %
100 %
10 %
If a movement is detected in the aisles with racks
but a sufficient amount of sunlight enters through
the skylights, the luminaires do not switch on and
remain off in order to reduce energy consumption.
If there is insufficient daylight available and the
sensor in the corresponding part of the warehouse
detects a movement, the luminaires shine with the
maximum (pre-set) luminous flux for the given space
(the given aisle). The rest of the warehouse shines at
a safety level of, for example, 10 %.
After the (adjustable) delay passes without any
movement all luminaires gradually dim to the safety
level.
124 I APplications
APplications I 125

DIM 0–100 %
DIM 0–100 %
Applications
DIM 0–100 %
Complex lighting management
system based on lighting intensity
and scenic control
(Sample application—Industrial hall)
Lighting of manufacturing spaces must
fulfil the legislative requirements set out
for the activity performed. the advantage
of using complex management is
that many activity defined settings can
be included in one system, that changing
activity within the whole space or within
certain areas of the space can easily and
quickly be adapted to without there being
any need to change the wiring or
installation. as such premises are often
operational also at night it is advisable to
consider daylight simulation as part of the
system design.
Group control of luminaires allows the
immediate adaptation of the lighting to the
activity being carried out. The fully automatic
system (user controlled via PC) allows each
luminaire to also be controlled individually.
Time-defined management is especially suitable
for such spaces so that luminaires can
be dimmed or turned off according to predefined
break or lunch times, or for cleaning
and maintenance operations. Lighting
intensity is measured by one central lighting
intensity sensor placed either on the ceiling
of the building or in a selected skylight.
This kind of system can be controlled by
many devices, from standard wall switches
to tailor-made smartphone or tablet applications
that can work on iOS or Android.
This sample application shows the space
divided into several groups, each group can
be controlled individually and automatically
based on daylight availability.
When a pre-set lighting scene is chosen
the luminaires function at a defined level of
luminous flux. At this point the sensors are
non-operational. Control is facilitated from
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
lighting group 1 (dimmable)
lighting group 2 (dimmable)
lighting group 3 (dimmable)
power supply
data bus (DALI)
Ethernet network
control panel
lighting intensity sensor
PC
1
1
1
1
1
1
second control panel
central control unit
two locations, one with a push button control
panel, one a PC.
The user software application not only
allows direct control of the system but also
the monitoring of energy consumption and
equipment functionality. Communication
between devices, luminaires, sensors and
control devices is done via a DALI bus. The
central control unit communicates with the
PC via Ethernet. During system start-up the
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
cOMFORT
2
2
2
2
2
Autonomous character
3
31-56 %
ENERGY SAVING
first control PAnel
functionality of the system needs to be programed.
A complex lighting system used in such
large installations as found in industrial
premises will certainly provide significant
saving potential.
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Control based on lighting intensity. The individual
groups of luminaires can be independently put into
automatic mode (regulation based on lighting intensity)
or a specific pre-set lighting scene.
If there is no available daylight the luminaires work
at full luminous output.
Scenic control can independently manage any group
of luminaires at any luminous flux level.
During the night hours and during breaks it is possible
for the luminaires to illumine only above the
walkways and for the other luminaires to turn off or
shine only at a safety level.
126 I APplications
APplications I 127
100 %
0 %
0 %
100 %
100 %
0 %
100 %
100 %
100 %

HOTELS, RESTAURANTS AND PUBS
Hotels, conference halls, entertainment centres, bars, coffee shops and restaurants
are all spaces offering huge potential for the use of atmospheric ambient
lighting. For the lighting to be effective is it necessary to use intelligent
controls which allow the lighting to be changed according to the needs and
desires of the user. Trends in commercial lighting have become more apparent
as of late as the relationship between architecture and light has moved
from a functional partnership to one where light plays a vital role in the appearance
of a space and is viewed as a central element of any design.
RGB control systems can be integrated into superior management systems
that can also control, for example, air conditioning and multi-media devices.

Applications
Manual combined control
RGB/W
(Sample application—Reception)
Whether a hotel has a modern or period
styled reception area, it is always beneficial
to enhance the design and functionality
by use of suitable lighting.
It is possible to create a simple management
system only for the reception
area which will enable the creation of the
all-important first impression for visitors. If
desired, you could go further and base a
central control for the entire building in reception.
The sample application shown here uses
two wall controls. One for RGB and the
other for the white luminaires. These controls
do not allow for the creation of lighting
scenes, but they do allow the changing
of light colour, intensity and saturation simply
at the touch of a button. RGB data communication
runs via a DMX bus, and for the
white luminaires through a DALI bus. DMX
needs an external power source, while DALI
is powered directly from the control panel.
This kind of system requires no programing
before use.
Illumination of such spaces is not focussed
on energy saving but more on the
need to create a pleasant, welcoming atmosphere
and a focal point for visitors.
1
2
3
2 3
1 1 1
2
2
DALI luminaire white
DMX luminaire RGB
power supply
data bus (DALI)
data bus (DMX)
control panel
wall panel RGB
2
2
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
cOMFORT
Autonomous character
0 %
ENERGY SAVING
White lighting. The RGB luminaires can shine with
white light.
RGB/W lighting.
130 I APplications
APplications I 131

Applications
Comfort control RGB/W
(Sample application—Bar)
Creating the right ambience is crucial
in such spaces as bars, whether a disco
bar where you go for a wild party, or a
cocktail bar where you go with friends
or business partners to relax.
For this sample application, a disco bar,
comfortable and simple control of dynamic
lighting is required. The change from dynamic
to static lighting can be made by the
touch of a button on a built-in touch panel
or remote control. The white spotlights
used are of the DALI type.
Communication between the touch
panel and RGB luminaires is done via a
specific data bus. The resistor dimmable
luminaires can be controlled via a dimmer.
If you wanted to add non-dimmable luminaires
and peripheral devices this could be
done easily by adding a switch phase controlled
via the control panel. An RC remote
control means that all devices can be controlled
from anywhere in the room. This
type of system requires programing before
operation.
This type of lighting system is not
focussed on energy saving but on the
comfortable control of a dynamic system
which creates the required atmosphere
easily within the space.
1
2
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
1
white spotlight luminaires (dimmable)
RGB LED luminaires (dimmable)
white luminaires (resistor dimming)
power supply
data bus (DALI)
controlled power phase
specific data bus
RC remote control
touch panel
RC receiver
3
4
2
2
1 1 1 1
1
1
3
1
1
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
cOMFORT
Autonomous character
0 %
ENERGY SAVING
RGB/W lighting scene for creating atmosphere.
central control unit
dimmer
White lighting scene.
132 I APplications
APplications I 133

Applications
0 %
30 %
Manual and group control
(Sample application —Canteen)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
This sample application uses an rc receiver
which allows for the independent
control of two separate groups of luminaires.
The push button control device is located
by the door, via this control it is possible
to turn the luminaires on and off and to set
the luminous output level.
To make this system more comfortable
we use an RC remote control. This allows
for the control of a maximum of four
groups of luminaires via two RC receivers.
It is not necessary to use remote control,
but it is a comfortable and practical option.
Manual dimming allows the light to
be adapted to the use of the space, a lunch
break which requires a high level of illumination,
or cleaning and servicing where a
lower level of luminous output is sufficient.
1
2
3
1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2
2 3
1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
luminaire group 1 (dimmable)
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
luminaire group 2 (dimmable)
cOMFORT
power supply
Autonomous character
switched power phase
control line
100 %
100 %
Through the push buttons it is possible to set any
level of luminous flux for each group of luminaires.
Therefore it is possible to manually create a ratio
(the so called offset function) between the luminaires
at the windows and further into the space.
If there is no available daylight the luminaires are
manually switched on to maximum luminous output.
push button
0 %
100 %
0 %
RC remote control
ENERGY SAVING
RC receiver
Group control enables switching on of the luminaires
only in that part of the space where it is needed.
134 I APplications
APplications I 135

EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
Educational buildings are spaces where students and teachers spend a lot of
time and are required to concentrate more than usual. A correctly planned
and intelligently controlled lighting system is essential not only to create ideal
conditions for learning, but also for safety. The kind of control methods used
in these buildings changes according to the particular use of each space. An
intelligently controlled lighting system enables the creation of a suitable environment
but can also offer significant saving potential.
In classrooms, lecture theatres or any other space where learning is the goal,
it is possible to promote wellbeing whilst also saving electricity by using intelligent
control tools. This is achieved by combining motion and lighting intensity
sensors with a simple on/off switch.

40 %
40 %
Applications
10 %
0 %
If the sensor detects movement and also a reduced
amount of available daylight (it is overcast, or
earlier or later in the day) the luminaires will shine
at a pre-set luminous output to ensure constant
illumination of the space. To give uniform lighting
the luminaires will shine according to the offset
function, for example, the luminaires closer to the
window will shine at 10 % and further into the
room at 40 %. The additional board lighting is
switched off.
Simple management system
with offset function
(Sample application—Classroom)
In the sample application we use a combined
motion and lighting intensity sensor
with an additional motion sensor to
ensure ideal coverage of the space.
Pre-set lighting scenes are created to
optimise both convenience and saving potential.
This system allows manual selection
of lighting scenes directly on the sensor.
Adaptations based on the time of day or
what lighting level to use when there is nobody
in the room can be regulated by software.
Such a system can be used for other
spaces too, such as offices, corridors and
lounges.
This system includes the offset function,
which enables luminaires to shine at different
levels according to how close they are
to the windows.
In this installation the main control unit
is placed directly in the master luminaire,
the other luminaires are slaves. Two DALI
buses are used, one for the group of luminaires
by the windows (1), and one for the
luminaires further into the room (2). The
same power line can be used for all luminaires.
The additional lighting by the board
(3) is controlled by a standard wall switch.
If necessary (if it is not appropriate to
control on the basis of movement) it is possible
to change the scene based only on
lighting intensity.
1
2
3
1
2
2
luminaires by the window
(group 1 dimmable)
luminaires in the room
(group 2 dimmable)
accent lighting of the board
(3 non-dimmable)
power supply
data bus (DALI)
panel control
switch
push button
movement sensor
1
2
2
2
3
2
component of luminaire
2
1
2
2
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
cOMFORT
Autonomous character
43-75 %
ENERGY SAVING
3
3
0 %
100 %
0 %
100 %
0 %
100 %
0 %
100 %
If there is a sufficient amount of daylight coming
into the room the sensor will detect this and the
luminaires will be switched off.
If there is no daylight entering the room and
movement is detected all luminaires will shine
at 100 %. The additional board lighting can be
manually switched off.
combined sensor
0 %
0 %
control unit
0 %
0 %
If the sensors do not detect any movement during
the day or night, the luminaires are switched off.
Luminaires are switched off automatically (with the
possibility of a double delay) or manually when
everyone leaves the room.
138 I APplications
APplications I 139

ROADS AND PUBLIC SPACES
The term ‘public’ means to be beneficial to society. When we add the word
‘lighting’ to this term it means not only the lighting of external spaces but also
an overall increase in lighting quality during night hours. Effective lighting of
streets and roads imposes numerous demands on a lighting system.
When the illumination is correctly designed it can offer both saving potential
and improved conditions for users of the space. If roads are properly lit this
improves the visual acuity of drivers and their reaction times are reduced and
traffic safety is improved. Quality lighting of public areas contributes to reduced
accident rates, and higher levels of illumination have a strong influence
on reductions in criminality.
Developments made in light sources designed for public lighting mean that
there is now a significant saving potential within any external lighting system.
The wide variety of control methods available can meet the needs of even the
most exacting customer. One of the most suitable control methods for this
type of lighting is control based on time. Systems that incorporate wireless
communication can be monitored remotely, and any faults or failures within
are reported real time allowing for their fast resolution and ensuring higher
safety in these areas.

Applications
Time management
(Sample application—Public lighting)
Most of the public lighting around us
now indicates as to when it was installed
or last serviced by the design and
quality of light output. newly built and
reconstructed lighting offers numerous
possibilities with regard to design and
more importantly with regard to control.
Modern LED and fluorescent lamp luminaires
allow full or partial dimming. It
means that the luminous output can be
modified according to the utilisation and
level of occupancy within a space, for example
of different parts of a town or village.
This immediately provides a significant
saving potential.
Depending on the demands placed on
road lighting, it is possible that as certain
times, maybe during the very late hours
and early hours of the morning, to reduce
the luminous output. Such an application
is suitable for back streets and quiet areas,
but of course not acceptable for such
places as major roads and high frequency
routes. One simple control method is the
double-circuit switch clock (Astronomical
Clock) which is placed directly in the power
distributor. Using this double phase control
luminaires have different luminous outputs
according to whether one or both phases
are switched.
It is also possible to use lighting intensity
sensors instead of or in addition to
time based control (twilight sensors) which
can be set at a reference lighting intensity
level. By this control method luminaires are
switched on when the measured level of
light drops below the reference level. The
luminaires then shine until sunrise when
they switch off once the measured level of
light exceeds the reference level. By com-
ASTRONOMICAL CLOCK
public lighting (two phase control)
power line (two phase)
double circuit Astronomical Clock
4
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
cOMFORT
Autonomous character
15-30 %
ENERGY SAVING
bining this function with time control we
can create an ideal regulation where luminaires
provide full luminous output from
sunset when they are switched on by the
twilight sensor, and after, for example,
three hours when there is an assumed
reduction in movement frequency in the
streets, the luminaires reduce their output
to 50 % by astronomical control. Then approximately
two hours before sunrise the
luminaires again increase their output to
100 %, and after a time they are turned off
once the ambient light exceeds the reference
level of the twilight sensor. A similar
functionality can be used for lighting billboards
and advertisements.
If it is not feasible to build or reconstruct
such a system using separate data lines it is
possible to use PowerLine AC which communicates
all the required control commands
directly via the power lines that supply
the luminaires.
The public lighting switches off automatically during
sunrise.
The public lighting automatically switches on during
sunset, it possibly changes (reduces) luminous flux
during the night hours.
142 I APplications
APplications I 143

Applications
Design and special-purpose
lighting with central control
(Sample application—Architecture and
surroundings)
To highlight elements of a building’s
architecture we can use rgB or white
lighting, or a suitable combination of
the two. the selection depends on the
type of building and its purpose.
Building illumination can be achieved
indirectly by the lighting of surrounding
paths, parklands and fountains. Illumination
of facades and outer surfaces can be centrally
controlled from within the building
by use of intuitive PC control. This type of
application allows time management of
lighting scenes and automatic starting of
RGB sequences.
In this sample application the facade is
illuminated using RGB controlled through
a DMX bus. The path illumination is controlled
by a DALI bus. If it is not possible to
create a data link between the luminaires,
as with the luminaires used to illuminate
the trees in the sample application, then
Wi-Fi communication is an option. The
non-dimmable luminaires used by the fountain
are switched by a DALI relay.
As this type of lighting is used only
when desired, manually turned on and off,
it can offer saving potential.
1
2
3
4
2
3
2
3
3 3 3 3 3
3
2
1
3
1 1 1 1
2
1
1 3
4
2
2
3
1
1 4
4
DALI luminaire white
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
RGB luminaire with Wi-Fi communication
DMX luminaire RGB
non-dimmable luminaire
power supply
switch phase
data bus (DALI)
data bus (DMX)
Ethernet network
PC
central control unit
cOMFORT
Autonomous character
0-20 %
ENERGY SAVING
The RGB lighting of the trees completes the lighting
design. The chosen colour can be different on each
of the trees. All RGB luminaires can also produce a
white colour for illuminating the facade.
multi-channel DALI relay
Through changing the lighting scene it is also possible
to switch on illumination of the paths.
144 I APplications
APplications I 145

Applications
100 %
10 %
10 %
10 %
Zone switching based on
movement
(Sample application—Underground
garages)
Similar to corridor lighting, the illumination
of garages is focused on meeting
the requirements stipulated for such a
space.
Many garages have no access to daylight
so motion sensors are the obvious
control methods to use. Luminaires are divided
into groups, each with an independent
PIR switching sensor or one which uses
high-frequency radio waves. These sensors
only switch the power phase of the luminaires—turning
them on or off. The delay
before the luminaires are switched off after
movement is no longer detected can be set
manually or by remote control (depending
on the type of sensor).
When using a more sophisticated lighting
management system, as in the sample
application, it is possible to use the corridor
function—here the luminaires do not
switch off fully but to a reduced luminous
output, a safety level of maybe 10 %. This
function uses a switching sensor and two
phase control where the level of luminous
output depends on whether one or both
phases are switched. In order to implement
the corridor function all luminaires must be
dimmable.
An additional functionality is when the
system is set in such a way as to lead drivers
to vacant parking spaces.
The overall switching off of the luminaires
is done by switching the power
phase and disconnecting the system from
the power supply.
1
1
1
2
3
2
1 1
3 4
4
3
2
luminaire group 1 (dimmable)
luminaire group 2 (dimmable)
luminaire group 3 (dimmable)
power supply
scanning area of sensor
switch
movement switching sensor
2
3
2 2
3
3
4
3
3
4 3
4
4
3
2
3
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
cOMFORT
Autonomous character
30-50 %
ENERGY SAVING
100 %
100 %
100 %
10 %
10 %
10 %
10 %
100 %
If the sensors do not detect any movement, the
luminaires shine at the safety level of 10 %, except
for those illuminating the pedestrian exits from the
garage where, owing to safety reasons, a higher
illuminance level is required.
If a movement is detected in a zone, the luminaires
switch on and after movement is no longer
detected they dim gradually, after a delay, to the
safety level.
The detection of movement in another zone causes
the luminaires to switch on.
148 I APplications
APplications I 149

FACADES AND ARCHITECTURE
Just as light can be used to complete the design of an interior space, it can
also be used to highlight the external facades of buildings, drawing attention
to important or historically valuable places. Cool white or RGB illumination
that changes dynamically is suitable for modern glass walled buildings. On the
other hand historical buildings benefit from warmer white lighting.
By implementing control elements into external lighting solutions we can increase
the functionality of the system and consequently the appeal of selected
buildings, especially during evening hours. Smart programing of management
systems enables the dynamic lighting of facades using many colours, or highlighting
of the company logo. Such systems do not offer much saving potential,
however if LED luminaires are used in combination with effective programing
and the use of sensors (such as twilight sensors), it will increase the saving
potential to its maximum.

Applications
The building without facade illumination during
evening hours.
Architectural lighting
(Sample application—Facade illumination
of buildings)
When designing architectural lighting it
is vital to consider the type of building
being dealt with, whether it is historical,
culturally important or modern, as
each requires a very different lighting
solution. the purpose of lighting the
facades and frontages of buildings is to
draw attention to their architecture, not
only at night but also during the day, to
highlight their value, importance and/or
advertising function.
Illumination can be either direct or indirect.
The required effect can be achieved
by use of various and appropriate types of
luminaire. Projector luminaires can create a
so called ‘wall washing’ effect or be used
to highlight the size of a building, while
linear luminaires accentuate the outline of
a building. LED panels can show videos of
various qualities and resolutions, or they
can be used to create lighting effects. This
type of lighting is a hugely variable and
adaptable tool in the hands of designers
and architects—they have at their disposal
a large number of luminaires suitable for
accentuating the building facade.
If it is not possible to build in a separate
control line, control can be facilitated via
the current power line using PowerLine AC.
RGB control can be done wirelessly—see
the control of the projector luminaire in the
sample application. In this application the
facade illumination is provided by LED line
luminaires controlled through a DMX bus.
Overall control is provided by one central
touch panel and video converter (for video
visualisation). It is necessary to program system
functionality prior to start-up.
2
1
3
2 2 2 2
2
3
RGB linear luminaire ‘highlighting the
building outline’ (DMX)
RGB projector luminaire ‘wall’
washing effect (DMX/Wi-Fi)
LED RGB panels ‘video effect’ (DMX)
Saving potential can be offered by the
switching on of the system (manually or
automatically or based on time) only when
necessary. The primary focus of such a system
is not energy saving but comfort of use
and the effect created by the lighting used.
The whole system must adhere to the
required IP (Ingress Protection) level corresponding
to its location and use.
2
2
1
2 2 2 2
1
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
cOMFORT
Autonomous character
0-20 %
ENERGY SAVING
1
2 2
1
The building is illuminated by luminaires which
create a ‘wall washing’ effect on the walls. Overlapping
the lighting colour is done according to a
pre-set sequence schedule..
The building illuminated by a ‘wall washing’ effect
with outline lighting of the roof. Control is via a
central touch panel.
To increase building illumination the frontage is
fitted with LED panels. Videos are input into the
system through a video converter.
152 I APplications
APplications I 153

SPORTS FACILITIES
Indoor and outdoor sports facilities are spaces where large
numbers of people participate in many types of sporting activities.
When designing the illumination for such spaces it is
necessary to bear in mind that each location and sport place
different demands on the lighting and the luminaires themselves.
With the use of suitable management tools it is possible
to create illumination fitting particular sporting activities
and the level of event taking place.
The majority of control can be accomplished via pre-set light
scenes. If the structure of the sports ground and the type of
luminaires used allow, it is beneficial to use lighting intensity
sensors. In this way, by a simple touch of a button the lighting
level can be adapted to the activity in the space, from a particular
sport, to a break, to maintenance; and it will be possible
to adjust the lighting level throughout the whole facility,
or in one specific area, all without rewiring. If we take into
account that maintenance and training need a lower level of
illumination than competitions and matches, there can be a
significant saving potential within the system.

Applications
100 %
0 %
Scene management of lighting
(Sample application—Sports hall)
Multi-functional sports hall, gyms, ice
rinks and other such places, are best
managed by scenic control. if used in
combination with lED or fluorescent
DALI luminaires it is possible to make
considerable energy savings.
It is necessary to adapt the level of illumination
to the activity, for example with
regard to an ice rink, it is not necessary to
have such a high level of illumination during
resurfacing as during a hockey match. With
the simple touch of a button or through a
PC application (time management) it is possible
to reduce or increase the illumination
as needed. This offers saving potential and
reduces operating costs whilst still providing
uniform lighting.
In multi-functional halls which are used
for a range of sporting activities, for example
tennis, volleyball and badminton, it
is possible to control luminaires in groups
so that illumination is provided only in the
area needed. A pre-set automatic schedule
can enable lighting to be controlled with no
intervention from an operator.
Lighting intensity sensors can be used in
places where there is available daylight and
will provide a high level of saving potential.
The sample application shows a multifunctional
hall with dimmable DALI luminaires.
The control components are placed
directly in the power distributor that feeds
the luminaires. The functionality of one or
several control locations can be programed
by computer when the system is started-up.
2
5
5
2
2
5 5
CENTRAL CONTROL UNIT
main lighting (dimmable)
power line
control line
data bus (DALI)
push button
push button input member
central control unit
2
1. control PAnel 2. control PAnel
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
cOMFORT
Autonomous character
10-30 %
ENERGY SAVING
0 %
DIM 0–100 %
100 %
DIM 0–100 %
SCENE 1: 100 % SCENE 2: 75 % SCENE 3: 50 % SCENE 4: 25 % SCENE 5: 10 % SCENE 6: 0 %
(TV transmission) (match) (training) (maintenance) (cleaning) (off)
During a match or training it is sufficient for the
luminaires to shine only above the main pitch.
During breaks it is not necessary for the main
pitch to be illuminated—only orientation lighting
is turned on in the stands to ensure the safety of
spectators.
The DALI lighting system enables lighting scenes
to be pre-set and used, i.e. the required lighting
intensity for a selected space in the hall can be
pre-defined. Each luminaire can be adjusted to any
level of luminous flux within the framework of the
lighting scene (dimming). These lighting scenes can
be chosen simply via control buttons or through a
computer application.
156 I APplications
APplications I 157

Comprehensive lighting management system
of a whole building
A comprehensive management system for a whole building can be applicable
for small buildings and the largest high-rise or manufacturing premises. This
kind of management can incorporate various systems and can be used to control
many operational elements such as air conditioning and heating. Lighting
is standardly one of the most centrally controlled systems.
Convenient control is provided in several central control locations, as well as
local control in each room or area. Central monitoring and control of the system
and its components is beneficial with regard to maintenance. Should any
malfunction or failure occur it is immediately noted, specified and pinpointed
so that a repair can be made. One push of a button in one location can put the
whole building into night mode where lighting is dimmed to a level suitable
for safety and security purposes. Changes to settings can be made through the
central control. Additionally the central control can monitor energy consumption
and keep you aware of the energy savings being made.

Applications
Comprehensive lighting
management system of a whole
building
As a comprehensive lighting management
system for a whole building must
control many luminaires and peripheral
devices and operations, it is necessary to
incorporate several systems, as DALI and
DMX have limited capacity.
Their joining together can be achieved
by a standard LAN (Ethernet) connection
without limiting sensor integration or control
optionality. One big advantage is that
it is possible to create a single control location,
or several with the same functionality,
meaning that the user or building administrator
can have an overview of the whole
building, not only from a particular location,
but even remotely through the internet
from anywhere in the world. Combining
several control methods such as analog,
digital and switch phase allows the control
of several separate systems within one interface.
The system also allows local control
in individual rooms or areas. Peripheral
devices too can be controlled, all through
a device such as a smartphone or iPad. It
is necessary to program the functionality of
the system at start-up.
Such a comprehensive system offers the
highest level of saving potential due to its
intelligent, specific and all-encompassing
control.
WI-FI
WI-FI
CONTROLLER
SMARTPHONE
etHernet
CENTRAL
CONTROL
UNIT
DALI
DALI
central
touch
panel
DALI RELay
SWITCH PHASE
POWER ELEMENT
CONTROL
ELEMENT
ETHERNET
COMMUNICATION
ELEMENT
secunDARY BUS
SUPERIOR LIGHTING
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
CONTROL
ELEMENT
POWER ELEMENT
Assessment of the Lighting ManAGement
cOMFORT
Autonomous character
CENTRAL
CONTROL
UNIT
DALI
DALI
DMX
REGULATOR
OF BLINDS
SWITCH
PHASE
PRIMARY BUS 1
DALI PRIMARY BUS 2
DALI
0-80 %
etHernet
1 2 3... ...64 1
2
3...
...64
1-64 addresses of DALI devices (luminaires, sensors, control elements, dimmers, control gears, relays)
Topology of DALI lighting system connection
ENERGY SAVING
PC
LAN SWITCH
etHernet
etHernet
CENTRAL
CONTROL
UNIT
DALI
DIMMER
REGULATED
PHASE
CONVERTER
DALI /
10–10 V
1–10 V
DALI
DALI RELay
SWITCH PHASE
SUPERIOR
LIGHTING
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
INTERNET
160 I APplications
applications I 161

Latest trends in
lighting management
Recent developments in lighting management provide users with new possibilities, creating
the potential for linking systems and in-depth personalisation according to the needs of each
customer. This not only improves the user experience but also the saving potential that is
inherent in an intelligently controlled system.

Latest trends in lighting management
RFID control
Ambient light sensor
Wireless daLI
Manual TubnableWhite
In spite of ever-increasing energy costs
and a determination to make savings in
this area, the majority (approximately
80 %) of lighting systems do not include
any management tools. this means users
cannot adjust the system in any way
that can provide energy savings.
A further 15 % of users use only the
simplest kinds of analog control enabling
manual dimming which provides a very
limited saving potential. The remaining 5 %
use DALI digital control which provides sophisticated
lighting management and significant
saving potential but at the same
has the limitation that an additional driver
needs to be installed in each luminaire, and
the number of luminaires that can be controlled
by each bus is limited.
The aims of development in this field
are to bring new ideas to existing management
tools and to remove the restrictions
currently linked with their use. OMS,
which has many years of experience in the
development, design and implementation
of LMS tools focuses its attention particularly
on the advancement of RFID (Radio
Frequency Identification), lighting intensity
and correlated colour temperature sensors
(ambient light sensor), wireless DALI buses
and the manual tuning of white light
(TunableWhite) technologies.
RFID control
RFID—Radio Frequency Identification—is
an extensive lighting management system
based on the wireless transmission of information
between the scanning device
and the identified equipment—the RFID
tag. Transmission is carried out using short
range radio waves, over a distance of a few
metres for passive RFID tags which do not
require any energy source, and up to tens
of metres for active RFID tags which contain
a power source.
Currently the RFID systems come in various
versions, commonly used for contactless
identification of materials and people,
for example in the form of an attendance
system. If we add to this system further
communication devices and modify the
software, it is possible to also use it for the
management and regulation of lighting systems.
Specifically it can be linked with DALI.
A user equipped with an RFID tag (in a card,
bracelet or pendant) activates illumination
to a pre-defined level in the space entered
by passing a scanning device located at
the door or gate, also the time and date
of entrance can be recorded. Additional
functionality such as automatic unlocking
of doors and opening of electronic blinds
can be included.
System elements
The following components are essential for RFID operation with minimal configuration:
RFID scanning device (gate),
RFID control component with DALI interface,
and RFID tag for the user.
The functionality is quite simple. When a user passes an RFID gate (carrying an RFID
tag), a control component is activated and transmits a unique data chain from the RFID
chip. This chain is compared with the chains in its internal database and when a match
is found it adjusts the pre-defined illumination level for the attached luminaires through
DALI. When the chip passes again, and if there is no other chip present within the space,
the luminaires are switched off. It can be either immediate or with a pre-set delay.
Another extension of this system is its attendance functionality where employees and
materials can be monitored.
RFID is fully scalable and allows the connection of several sub-systems which results
in more precise and appropriately set control, and consequently provides higher saving
potential.
This system is suitable for use in enclosed spaces with defined inputs, from homes, to
offices to large warehouses.
RFID tags—examples (pendants, bracelets…)
RFID scanner—example
164 I Latest trends in lighting manAGement
Latest trends in LIGHting MAnagement I 165

Latest trends in lighting management
RFID control
Ambient light sensor
Wireless DALI
Manual TubnableWhite
Ambient light sensor
Luminaires which allow the dimming or
setting of correlated colour temperature
(TunableWhite) work one-way, without
feedback. It means that the user can set the
parameters of the light being emitted, but
the parameters of the light falling on the
task area are unknown. It may be that there
are other sources of light, such as daylight,
which are not taken into account when setting
the luminaire.
In this case an ambient light sensor can
measure the light falling on the task area
and whether it meets the required parameters.
An ambient light sensor is positioned
in the region of the task area, and digitally
measures lighting intensity and correlated
colour temperature in real time. This data is wirelessly transmitted to the control unit
which in turn adjusts the output of the attached luminaires through a DALI interface. In
this way the parameters are defined at the task area and not at the output of the luminaire.
This is called intelligent feedback.
Two components are needed for this sensor to function. A sensor and a control unit.
This system is suitable for spaces with higher lighting quality and stability requirements, or
hygiene requirements, for example healthcare facilities, laboratories, schools, et
DALI
control
unit
Wireless DALI
DALI is the most common interface used for the individual control of luminaires. However
this interface dictates the use of two additional drivers to interconnect the luminaire control
with the control device (dimmer, touch panel).
Wireless DALI is a way to connect multiple segments of a DALI system even if they
cannot be physically connected by wires. Bridging components can be placed directly in
the luminaire or as a separate part of the installation.
Manual TunableWhite
Correlated colour temperature (CCT) is one of the basic parameters of light which is perceived
by the human eye as a shifting of white towards yellow (warm white) or blue (cool
white). This parameter is fixed in classic light sources, however there are special LED light
sources that allow for the tuning of the white light output to various temperatures, and
is commonly done using DALI.
However, in practical application, there is not always a DALI bus attached the luminaire,
such as with track lighting systems. Such lighting is typical for shops, manufacturing
premises or exhibition areas. In these cases moving of the luminaire (or of the illuminated
objects) means that the colour temperature of the emitted light must also be changed.
‘Manual TunableWhite’ is designed specifically for these applications. It is done by
controlling the power supply to each LED within the luminaire, one LED emits cool light,
one warm light, and depending on the level of current being fed to each the colour of
the emitted light changes. This is controlled by two buttons, one increasing the colour
temperature and one reducing it. This allows users to quickly and easily change the CCT
of the luminaire. Low price, small dimensions and simple use combined with the ability to
use it with many standard components are big advantages of this solution.
DALI
wireless communication
VARIANT 1:
light light radio waves
2700 k
2700 k 5000 k 5000 k 5000 k
wireless DALI module
2700 k
VARIANT 2:
sensor
DALI
Wireless connection of several DALI devices
4000 K
4000 k 2700 k 2700 k 2700 k
4000 k
Sensor activity—example
This type of illumination is suitable for spaces where it is not possible to install a
complete DALI control line. The simplicity and small size of the luminaires means that
incorporation in an existing DALI system is easily achieved.
Adjustment (change) of CCT in the lighting system without any need to change luminaires and with no
DALI—example.
166 I Latest trends in lighting manAGement Latest trends in LIGHting MAnagement I 167

Explanatory Notes
User and input interfaces
Switch
Everyday wall rocker switch, for switching the power
phase to the luminaires.
Push button
Standard wall switching push button for switching the
electric contact.
Manual dimmer
Wall transistor or Thyristor manual dimmer for some types
of LED luminaires or classic and halogen lamps.
Control panel
DALI control panel made in various designs, with a different
number of push buttons for choosing lighting scenes or
dimming. The panel is fitted with an IR receiver.
IR remote control
Manual remote control using infrared radiation (IR) for
controlling and managing the lighting system.
RC switch
Multi-channel radio wall switch for controlling the luminaires
by touch DIM without any need to use a control
line.
RC remote control
The RC remote control uses radio waves to communicate
and the signal can partially penetrate obstacles (it depends
on the distance and material substance). Typically used for
RGB control.
iOS / Android
A device using iOS or Android. Such personal devices are
primarily determined for telephoning and multimedia and can
be used also for wireless control of lighting and associated
peripheral devices.
Touch panel
Sensitive touch LCD display which uses a creative and
intuitive interface for controlling the lighting system and
associated devices.
Touch panel TW
Control panel for dynamic white controlled by either
choosing pre-set lighting scenes or by fully automatic
changes in colour temperature through the day.
Wall panel RGB
Wall panel RGB is for the direct adjustment to any colour
within the spectrum, and the saving of pre-set lighting
scenes, communication is via a DMX bus.
Wall Control RGB
A wall control device used for controlling RGB lighting.
Communication is via a specific data bus.
Control panel PowerLine ac
This is a switch or button panel which transmits along the
power lines using a digital or analog bus.
Control panel PowerLine DC
Rotational or button control panel for direct connection to
a central power source.
Control panel
A DMX universal control panel with the option of controlling
the DMX channels on which the DMX luminaires and
devices are addressed. By connecting to the input of the
central control unit it is possible, via bus decoders, to drive
the lighting DALI, 1–10 V or DSI luminaires.
Push button and sensor input
Enables the connection of a switching device into the
system for the purpose of control.
IR receiver
Equipment determined for receiving commands from an IR
remote control with the subsequent retransmission of the
order to the data control network.
RC receiver
Receiver device for the IR remote control or RC switch,
with the possibility that it can be placed in an unseen,
obscure position.
PC kit
PC software and USB adapter through which we can connect
a PC with the management system and thus set the
lighting scenes or RGB sequences directly.
Lighting intensity sensor
A sensor used to regulate the luminous output of luminaires
based on the measured level of illumination in the space.
Movement switching sensor
Passive Infrared (PIR) motion sensor with variable sensitivity.
Can be positioned at various heights and mounted in
various ways. The sensor uses a standardly open contact
which loses when movement is detected.
Motion sensor
A sensor with the DALI data output for direct incorporation
into the data control network. It does not contain a
switching contact.
Combined sensor
A sensor combining lighting intensity and movement detection
within a space, with a pre-defined scanning area.
Multi-sensor
An automatic sensor determined for achieving high energy
savings. It scans movement and lighting intensity in open
spaces. The sensor is fit with an IR receiver.
Control elements
Control unit
A pre-programed module for controlling the lighting
based on a selected schedule and input information from
sensors and control push buttons.
Central control unit
It creates the main control element of a lighting management
system. It contains one or two DALI buses with
integrated DALI sources or a DMX bus for control of RGB.
Connecting expansion units enables the creation of a
more extensive lighting system containing over 100,000
luminaires.
Central Power Source (CPS)
The central power source determined for feeding and
controlling the luminaires through PowerLine DC communication.
Astronomical Clock
Facilitates automatic switching of illumination based on
time, with the option to switch on based on the defined
sunrise and sunset throughout the whole year.
PC
Personal computer used for programming, controlling
or administering (through implementing software applications)
the lighting system and associated peripheral
devices.
168 I Explanatory Notes
Explanatory Notes I 169

Explanatory Notes
Superior management system
The LMS can be integrated into the central management
of a building and can receive commands for controlling a
specified luminaire or a group of luminaires, or to furnish
information about the state of the lighting system to a
superior system.
Wireless access point
Access point which allows information to be transferred
between two or more points that are not connected by
wires. It connects network communication devices.
Controller
This is the basic unit of the system and serves as an input
device for processing commands from devices using iOS
and Android. It then delegates the commands further
to the lighting management system or other peripheral
equipment.
Transmitter and receiver PowerLine ac
The transmitting and receiving module for communication
via PowerLine AC along standard AC power lines connected
to the electric grid.
DMX / DALI converter
Connects DMX and DALI buses, i.e. it is possible through
DMX control to also control DALI devices.
DALI / 1–10 V / DSI converter
Connects DALI to a 1–10 V or DSI bus, i.e. it is possible
through DALI control to also control 1–10 V and DSI type
luminaires.
The combined control unit and LED source
The combined control unit and LED source serve as a
multi-channel power source for RGB(W) luminaires controlled
through a specific bus. It enables the pre-setting of
RGB(W) static scenes and sequences.
DALI power source
An independent power source for the DALI bus.
Ballast rpower components
Electronic control gear
Electronic device which powers the light source and
increases saving potential compared with conventional
ballasts. Can be used for digital or analog dimming.
Transformer
Halogen lamps are designed to run on lower voltage than
standard mains electric, so must be fit with a transformer.
LED source
This is an electronic ballast for powering LED light sources.
Multi-channel LED source
This is an electronic ballast designed for powering several
LED light sources with independently controllable channels.
Control is done via a DMX bus.
Dimmer
A universal dimmer in various load versions for adjusting
lighting intensity in incandescent, halide or low-voltage
halide lamps.
Multi-channel DALI relay
A component used for switching on/off the data (control)
of peripheral devices.
Lighting sources and devices
Incandescent lamp
A type of light source where electricity is converted to heat
by passing a current through a metallic filament made of
tungsten, producing light from the radiance emitted from
the filament by Joule Effect.
Fluorescent lamp
A light source which converts electricity to light using an
electrical discharge in mercury vapour.
Fluorescent lamp TunableWhite
Standard fluorescent lamp with an adequate colour temperature
of 2700 K–6500 K used for daylight simulation.
Fluorescent lamp colour
Standard fluorescent lamp of a red, green and blue colour
used for RGB applications.
LED
A Light Emitting Diode is a semiconductor component
that emits narrow spectrum light when electricity passes
through it in one direction. One way to get a white colour
from the light source is to use a phosphor layer which
changes the emitted light from the LED to the desired
colour.
LED TunableWhite
There is minimally a pair of LEDs of different colours where
one colour represents the bottom limit of the colour temperature
(e.g. 2,700 K) and the other the upper one (e.g.
6,500K). By mixing the colour and changing the individual
intensities we can create a daylight simulation.
LED RGB
The result of putting together three monochromatic LEDs
which emit red, green and blue. Through a reciprocal regulation
(proportion) of the output of individual colours we
can achieve any colour from the whole colour spectrum.
Halogen lamp
Halogen gas-filled lamp. Operates at higher temperatures
leading to higher efficiency and brightness than incandescent
lamps.
Dynamic lighting
RGB lighting heads designed for rapid colour changes and
movement controlled by motor.
Load RCL
A device with resistive, induction or capacity load, for example
the combination of incandescent lamp, transformer,
electronic control gear, etc.
Motor control of blinds and other peripheral devices
Can be turned on and off by switching relay, the speed of
the motor can be regulated.
170 I Explanatory Notes
Explanatory Notes I 171

The manufacturer reserves all rights to make changes in materials and components used in the production of lighting fittings.
Autors: Ing. Marián Slávik, OMS, spol. s r.o., Ing. Tomáš Hutta, OMS, spol. s r.o.
Graphic design: © Jozef Jagušák, RECO s.r.o., Prepress: RECO s.r.o., Photo: Milan Noga, RECO s.r.o.