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TROUBLED WATERS<br />
15 Payne, J.F., French, B., Hamoutene, D., Yeats, P.,<br />
Rahimtula, A., Scruton, D., & Andrews, C. 2001. Are metal<br />
mining effluent regulations adequate: identification of a novel<br />
bleached fish syndrome in association with iron-ore mining<br />
effluents in Labrador, Newfoundland. Aquatic Toxicology<br />
52:311-317.<br />
42<br />
IOC. 2006. “Labrador City Carol Project Revised Tailings<br />
Management Plan” http://www.env.gov.nl.ca/env/env_<br />
assessment/projects/Y2006/1237/index.html<br />
“For more than 40 years, IOC discharged up to 23 million<br />
tonnes of finely ground rock tailings into Wabush Lake. ... ‘[R]<br />
ed water’ ... reduced the amount of light that reached lake<br />
flora and fauna.”<br />
“Rio Tinto and Water” Victoria, Australia: Rio Tinto plc and<br />
Rio Tinto Limited, 2009.<br />
http://www.riotinto.com/documents/RTandWater.pdf<br />
Government of Canada. “Regulations amending the Metal<br />
Mining Effluent Regulations.” Canada Gazette P.C. 2009-<br />
160. 05 February 2009. http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/<br />
p2/2009/2009-02-18/html/sor-dors27-eng.html<br />
16 International Institute for Environment and Development<br />
(IIED). 2002. Mining for the Future; Appendix A: Large<br />
Volume Waste Working Paper. Mining, Minerals, and<br />
Sustainable Development report. 55pp<br />
17 Estimated from production data from 2010 for Coeur. http://<br />
phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=86472&p=irolnewsArticle&ID=1533607&highlight=<br />
18 MacDonald, I. 2004. Mining Ombudsman Case Report:<br />
Tolukuma Gold Mine. Oxfam Community Aid Abroad.<br />
Walton, G., & Barnett, J. 2008. The ambiguities of<br />
“environmental” conflict: insights from the Tolukuma gold<br />
mine, Papua New Guinea. Society and Natural Resources<br />
21:1-16.<br />
Estimated from production data from 2006 for DRD Gold.<br />
http://www.drd.co.za/bus/ops_au_to.asp
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