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Annex 6 251 Table 24 – EF-related SFOCs used to convert energy-based baseline emissions factors to fuel-based Engine type Rated speed Fuel SFOC g/kWh Source Main/SSD SSD HFO 195 IVL 2004 MGO/MDO 185 IVL 2004 Main/MSD MSD HFO 215 IVL 2004 MGO/MDO 205 IVL 2004 Main/HSD HSD HFO 215 IVL 2004 MGO/MDO 205 IVL 2004 Aux MSD & HSD MSD/HSD HFO 227 IVL 2004 MGO/MDO 217 IVL 2004 Gas turbine all HFO 305 IVL 2004 MGO/MDO 300 IVL 2004 Steam boilers na HFO 305 IVL 2004 MGO/MDO 300 IVL 2004 LNG (Otto cycle) na LNG 166 Wärtsilä 2014 It should be noted that for all pollutants (except NO x and LNG-powered engines) the baseline emission factor related SFOCs were used to convert to the fuel-based baseline emissions factors and that the efficiencies associated with Tier I and II engines is captured by the use of the tier-related SFOCs when estimating emissions over a given distance and/or time. Fuel correction factors – NO x , SO x , PM, N 2 O As stated above, FCFs are not used for CO 2 , CO, CH 4 or NMVOC. FCFs are applied to a baseline emissions factor to adjust baseline emissions factors for changes in fuel type and/or sulphur content. The following tables provide examples of FCFs between fuel types and representative sulphur contents. Base fuel: HFO 2.7% sulphur content Target fuel: HFO and MDO with IMO annual sulphur contents (2007–2012) Fuel type Table 25 – IMO annual average global sulphur contents % Sulphur content averages – IMO 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Non-ECA Average HFO S% 2.42 2.37 2.60 2.61 2.65 2.51 Global Average MDO/MGO S% 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 Fuel type % Sulphur content ECA & base EF 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 ECA S% 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Base EF HFO S% 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 Table 26 – NO x FCFs – HFO global sulphur averages Engine type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 HFO sulphur % 2.42 2.37 2.60 2.61 2.65 2.51 Main SSD 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Main MSD 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Aux MSD 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Aux HSD 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 GT 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 ST 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
252 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Table 27 – NO x FCFs – MGO global sulphur averages Fuel type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 MDO/MGO sulphur % 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 Main SSD 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 Main MSD 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 Aux MSD 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 Aux HSD 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 GT 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 ST 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 Table 28 – SO x FCFs – HFO global sulphur averages Engine type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 HFO sulphur % 2.42 2.37 2.6 2.61 2.65 2.51 Main SSD 0.90 0.88 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.93 Main MSD 0.90 0.88 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.93 Aux MSD 0.90 0.88 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.93 Aux HSD 0.90 0.88 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.93 GT 0.90 0.88 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.93 ST 0.90 0.88 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.93 Table 29 – SO x FCFs – MGO global sulphur averages Engine type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 MDO/MGO sulphur % 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 Main SSD 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Main MSD 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Aux MSD 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Aux HSD 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 GT 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 ST 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Table 30 – PM FCFs – HFO global sulphur averages Engine type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 HFO sulphur % 2.42 2.37 2.60 2.61 2.65 2.51 Main SSD 0.94 0.93 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.96 Main MSD 0.93 0.92 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.96 Aux MSD 0.93 0.92 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.95 Aux HSD 0.93 0.92 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.95 GT 0.91 0.89 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.94 ST 0.91 0.89 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.94
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Third IMO Greenhouse Gas Study 2014
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Published in 2015 by the internatio
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Contents Page Preface .............
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vii 3.1.2 Outline .............
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ix Fleet productivity projectio
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xii Third IMO GHG Study 2014 The re
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xiv Third IMO GHG Study 2014 MEPC m
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List of figures Page Figure 1: Bott
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List of figures xix Page Figure 46:
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List of figures xxi Annex Figures P
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List of figures xxiii Figure 45: Ca
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xxvi Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Page
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xxviii Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Tab
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Executive Summary Key findings from
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Executive Summary 3 rigorous testin
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Executive Summary 5 emissions than
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Executive Summary 7 Figure 2 shows
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Executive Summary 9 because, in con
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Executive Summary 11 Particular car
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Executive Summary 13 larger ship si
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Executive Summary 15 Summary of Sec
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Executive Summary 17 a. CO 2 b. CH
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Executive Summary 19 Demand for coa
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Executive Summary 21 Figure 15 show
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Executive Summary 23 • ships obse
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Executive Summary 25 b Noon report
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1 Inventories of CO 2 emissions fro
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Inventories of CO2 emissions from i
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96 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Emissio
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98 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Method
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100 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Table
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102 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Year T
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104 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 2.2.7
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106 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 This s
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108 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 N 2 O
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112 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Figure
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118 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 shippi
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120 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 • SO
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122 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 a) CO
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3 Scenarios for shipping emissions
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Scenarios for shipping emissions 20
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Bibliography for Main Report and An
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154 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 IHSF o
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160 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Pre-pr
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162 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 There
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164 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Follow
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168 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 data s
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172 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Ship c
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174 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 experi
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176 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 The mo
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178 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 sfc =
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180 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 2011 D
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182 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Ship t
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Page 260 and 261: Annex 4 Details for Section 1.5.1:
Page 262 and 263: Annex 4 231 IEA sources of uncertai
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Page 266 and 267: Annex 4 235 Figure 24: Time series
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Page 270 and 271: Annex 5 239 3 The uncertainty in es
Page 272 and 273: Annex 5 241 data has been used. The
Page 274 and 275: Annex 5 243 temporal coverage QA/QC
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