Aquatic Habitat Monitoring and Mapping: Digital ... - BioSonics, Inc
Aquatic Habitat Monitoring and Mapping: Digital ... - BioSonics, Inc
Aquatic Habitat Monitoring and Mapping: Digital ... - BioSonics, Inc
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AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
<strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong> <strong>Monitoring</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Mapping</strong>:<br />
<strong>Digital</strong> Hydroacoustics as a Paramount Tool for<br />
Assessing Fish, Plankton, Submersed <strong>Aquatic</strong><br />
Vegetation, <strong>and</strong> Classification of Bottom Substrata<br />
Patrick Schneider, A. Monteoliva, , J. Burczynski
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
• Commercially available system components:<br />
– <strong>BioSonics</strong> ® DT-X X digital echosounder (portable)<br />
– Laptop PC<br />
– GPS (or DGPS) <strong>and</strong><br />
System description<br />
– <strong>BioSonics</strong> ® <strong>and</strong> SonarData ® software<br />
• Signal from echosounder is stored on laptop PC during<br />
survey<br />
• GPS position of each sample is integrated in the data
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
System description<br />
Radio Antenna<br />
Data Radio<br />
Receiver<br />
Boat<br />
GPS<br />
Receiver<br />
GPS<br />
Signal<br />
GPS Antenna<br />
Transmitted<br />
GPS Corrections<br />
Laptop<br />
PC<br />
GPS Data<br />
Echo Data<br />
Deck Unit<br />
DGPS<br />
Broadcast<br />
Source<br />
Transducer
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
System description
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
System description
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
System description
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Fish <strong>and</strong> Plankton<br />
• Acoustic surveys cover huge areas in short time<br />
• Fast, cost effective availability of comprehensive data sets<br />
• Assessment of spatial distribution (vertical, horizontal)<br />
• Evaluation of density (total, per layer, per area)<br />
• Biomass estimation (total, per layer, per area)<br />
• Migration studies (Salmons, etc.), fish count<br />
• Study of behavioural patterns (diurnal migration,<br />
effectiveness of occlusion devices, etc.)<br />
• Passive <strong>and</strong> active fish tracking (tags, tracking transducer)
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Fish <strong>and</strong> Plankton
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Case study: Reservoirs<br />
• 9 reservoirs studied in Spain from 2001-2003<br />
2003<br />
• vertical beaming (echocounting) in all reservoirs<br />
• additionally horizontal beaming since 2002<br />
• most reservoirs present typical layering in summer<br />
• usually only upper 10m habitable for fish in summer<br />
• horizontal beaming accounts for acoustically “dead<br />
zone” in first meters of beam
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Case study: Reservoirs<br />
• specific software (SonarData’s(<br />
EchoView ® ) allows fast<br />
evaluation <strong>and</strong> exclude artefacts (gas bubbles, etc.)<br />
from analysis<br />
• GPS positions integrated in data allow generation of<br />
maps (density, biomass, etc.) <strong>and</strong> use of data in GIS
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Case study: Reservoirs<br />
Ind/1000m³<br />
400<br />
200<br />
100<br />
50<br />
20<br />
10<br />
5<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0.5<br />
0.2<br />
0.1<br />
0.05<br />
0<br />
AQUASON
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
<strong>Aquatic</strong> plants<br />
• Specific system consisting of digital <strong>BioSonics</strong> ®<br />
echosounder <strong>and</strong> <strong>BioSonics</strong> EcoSAV software<br />
• measures height, aerial coverage <strong>and</strong> bottom depth<br />
• Output report contains:<br />
− Presence/Absence of SAV<br />
− Canopy Height<br />
− Aerial Coverage<br />
− Bottom Depth<br />
− Georeferenced Data (Lat(<br />
Lat/Long) for inclusion in GIS, etc.
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Detectability of Species<br />
DETECTABILITY FRESHWATER MARINE/ESTUARINE<br />
EASY<br />
LESS EASY<br />
Myriophyllum spicatum<br />
Hydrilla verticillata<br />
Broadleaf pondweed<br />
Vallisneria spp.<br />
Elodea spp.<br />
Chara spp.<br />
Nitella spp.<br />
Potamogeton pectinatus<br />
Ceratophyllum<br />
Demersum<br />
Zostera spp.<br />
Posidonia oceanica<br />
Thalassia testudinum<br />
Syringodium filiforme<br />
Cymodocea nodosa<br />
Halodule wrightii<br />
Ruppia spp.
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Case study: Santoña estuary<br />
• Asón river estuary, Santoña (Northern Spain), included<br />
1994 in the RAMSAR listing<br />
• Objective: asses <strong>and</strong> map distribution <strong>and</strong> abundance of<br />
two seagrass species, Zostera marina (eelgrass) <strong>and</strong><br />
Zostera noltii<br />
• Transect spacing 20m, one sample each 0,31m (~1 ft)<br />
• Total area of 387ha surveyed on a total of 11 days<br />
(Aug.-Sept. 2000), corresponding to about 800.000<br />
samples
AQUASON<br />
Santoña estuary:<br />
Transects performed<br />
(20m spacing)<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Case study: Santoña estuary
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Case study: Santoña estuary
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Case study: Strait of Gibraltar<br />
• Tarifa (Strait of Gibraltar, Spain) in July 2001<br />
• Objective: Assess the general distribution of<br />
Cymodocea nodosa <strong>and</strong> avoid confusion with<br />
Laminaria sp.<br />
• SAV expected in a small strip parallel to the shore line<br />
• Bottom depths up to 15-20m<br />
• Detections of Cymodocea nodosa confirmed by divers
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Bottom typing<br />
• Specific application: <strong>BioSonics</strong> ® VBT (Visual Bottom<br />
Typing) software<br />
• Five bottom / sediment classification routines<br />
• Batch processing enabled<br />
• Bottom Classification Library: Classification based on<br />
actual acoustic references from ground truthed<br />
environments
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Case study: Strait of Gibraltar<br />
• Transects performed extended to bottom depth of 80-<br />
100m<br />
• Total area of 1980 ha surveyed on one day<br />
• 33 grab samples taken for establishing bottom library
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Case study: Santoña <strong>and</strong> Colindres<br />
• Bottom typing study of access channels of two fishing<br />
ports (towns of Santoña <strong>and</strong> Colindres)<br />
• Results used to support decision of need for dredging<br />
• Transect spacing between 20-30m<br />
• 12 grab samples in each access channel for establishing<br />
bottom library
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Case study: Santoña <strong>and</strong> Colindres
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Bathymetries<br />
• Bathymetric data included in acoustic survey data by<br />
default, independent from type of application<br />
• External sensors for improved accuracy (heave, etc.)<br />
• General bathymetric information useful for<br />
interpretation of biologic information<br />
• Technical resolution: one sample each 1,8cm (range)
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Case study: Reservoirs
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Case study: Strait of Gibraltar<br />
41.50<br />
41.45<br />
41.40<br />
41.35<br />
41.30<br />
41.25<br />
41.20<br />
41.15<br />
41.10<br />
2.05 2.10 2.15 2.20 2.25 2.30 2.35 2.40 2.45 2.50 2.55 2.60<br />
AQUASON
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Combined methods<br />
• Latest echosounder technology allows acquisition of<br />
data for all mentioned applications with one single<br />
survey<br />
• Parameter-plexing (virtual multiple transducers):<br />
operation of one transducer swapping between different<br />
settings<br />
• Provides even more flexibility <strong>and</strong> cost-effective<br />
sampling<br />
• All important data for ecosystem management are<br />
obtained fast <strong>and</strong> in an objective way using one single<br />
system<br />
AQUASON
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Case study: Strait of Gibraltar<br />
Laminaria sp.<br />
Hard substrate<br />
Cymodocea nodosa<br />
Gravel<br />
Very coarse s<strong>and</strong><br />
Coarse s<strong>and</strong><br />
Medium s<strong>and</strong><br />
Fine s<strong>and</strong>
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Summary<br />
• System: <strong>BioSonics</strong> ® DT-X X full digital echosounder, <strong>BioSonics</strong> ®<br />
Acquisition, VBT <strong>and</strong> EcoSAV <strong>and</strong> SonarData EchoView ®<br />
software<br />
• Rugged, weather resistant portable unit<br />
• wired or wireless, remote controlled operation<br />
• Easy, fast <strong>and</strong> cost-effective assessment of large surfaces<br />
• All presented hydroacoustic applications can be performed with<br />
the same sounder system <strong>and</strong> add to its benefits:<br />
– fish <strong>and</strong> plankton<br />
– submersed aquatic vegetation<br />
– bottom (sediment) types<br />
– bathymetries<br />
The End<br />
AQUASON
AQUASON<br />
5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />
12 th -17<br />
th September, Madrid, Spain<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
The research of the reservoirs was made under contract<br />
of the Confederación Hidrográfica del Duero <strong>and</strong> the<br />
Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadiana.<br />
The Santoña project was financed by Ministerio de<br />
Medio Ambiente, Reserva Natural de las Marismas de<br />
Santoña y Noja.<br />
The Tarifa project was financed by Red Eléctrica de<br />
España.<br />
We wish to thank all implied persons for their support.