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Aquatic Habitat Monitoring and Mapping: Digital ... - BioSonics, Inc

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AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

<strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong> <strong>Monitoring</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Mapping</strong>:<br />

<strong>Digital</strong> Hydroacoustics as a Paramount Tool for<br />

Assessing Fish, Plankton, Submersed <strong>Aquatic</strong><br />

Vegetation, <strong>and</strong> Classification of Bottom Substrata<br />

Patrick Schneider, A. Monteoliva, , J. Burczynski


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

• Commercially available system components:<br />

– <strong>BioSonics</strong> ® DT-X X digital echosounder (portable)<br />

– Laptop PC<br />

– GPS (or DGPS) <strong>and</strong><br />

System description<br />

– <strong>BioSonics</strong> ® <strong>and</strong> SonarData ® software<br />

• Signal from echosounder is stored on laptop PC during<br />

survey<br />

• GPS position of each sample is integrated in the data


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

System description<br />

Radio Antenna<br />

Data Radio<br />

Receiver<br />

Boat<br />

GPS<br />

Receiver<br />

GPS<br />

Signal<br />

GPS Antenna<br />

Transmitted<br />

GPS Corrections<br />

Laptop<br />

PC<br />

GPS Data<br />

Echo Data<br />

Deck Unit<br />

DGPS<br />

Broadcast<br />

Source<br />

Transducer


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

System description


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

System description


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

System description


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Fish <strong>and</strong> Plankton<br />

• Acoustic surveys cover huge areas in short time<br />

• Fast, cost effective availability of comprehensive data sets<br />

• Assessment of spatial distribution (vertical, horizontal)<br />

• Evaluation of density (total, per layer, per area)<br />

• Biomass estimation (total, per layer, per area)<br />

• Migration studies (Salmons, etc.), fish count<br />

• Study of behavioural patterns (diurnal migration,<br />

effectiveness of occlusion devices, etc.)<br />

• Passive <strong>and</strong> active fish tracking (tags, tracking transducer)


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Fish <strong>and</strong> Plankton


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Case study: Reservoirs<br />

• 9 reservoirs studied in Spain from 2001-2003<br />

2003<br />

• vertical beaming (echocounting) in all reservoirs<br />

• additionally horizontal beaming since 2002<br />

• most reservoirs present typical layering in summer<br />

• usually only upper 10m habitable for fish in summer<br />

• horizontal beaming accounts for acoustically “dead<br />

zone” in first meters of beam


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Case study: Reservoirs<br />

• specific software (SonarData’s(<br />

EchoView ® ) allows fast<br />

evaluation <strong>and</strong> exclude artefacts (gas bubbles, etc.)<br />

from analysis<br />

• GPS positions integrated in data allow generation of<br />

maps (density, biomass, etc.) <strong>and</strong> use of data in GIS


5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Case study: Reservoirs<br />

Ind/1000m³<br />

400<br />

200<br />

100<br />

50<br />

20<br />

10<br />

5<br />

2<br />

1<br />

0.5<br />

0.2<br />

0.1<br />

0.05<br />

0<br />

AQUASON


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

<strong>Aquatic</strong> plants<br />

• Specific system consisting of digital <strong>BioSonics</strong> ®<br />

echosounder <strong>and</strong> <strong>BioSonics</strong> EcoSAV software<br />

• measures height, aerial coverage <strong>and</strong> bottom depth<br />

• Output report contains:<br />

− Presence/Absence of SAV<br />

− Canopy Height<br />

− Aerial Coverage<br />

− Bottom Depth<br />

− Georeferenced Data (Lat(<br />

Lat/Long) for inclusion in GIS, etc.


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Detectability of Species<br />

DETECTABILITY FRESHWATER MARINE/ESTUARINE<br />

EASY<br />

LESS EASY<br />

Myriophyllum spicatum<br />

Hydrilla verticillata<br />

Broadleaf pondweed<br />

Vallisneria spp.<br />

Elodea spp.<br />

Chara spp.<br />

Nitella spp.<br />

Potamogeton pectinatus<br />

Ceratophyllum<br />

Demersum<br />

Zostera spp.<br />

Posidonia oceanica<br />

Thalassia testudinum<br />

Syringodium filiforme<br />

Cymodocea nodosa<br />

Halodule wrightii<br />

Ruppia spp.


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Case study: Santoña estuary<br />

• Asón river estuary, Santoña (Northern Spain), included<br />

1994 in the RAMSAR listing<br />

• Objective: asses <strong>and</strong> map distribution <strong>and</strong> abundance of<br />

two seagrass species, Zostera marina (eelgrass) <strong>and</strong><br />

Zostera noltii<br />

• Transect spacing 20m, one sample each 0,31m (~1 ft)<br />

• Total area of 387ha surveyed on a total of 11 days<br />

(Aug.-Sept. 2000), corresponding to about 800.000<br />

samples


AQUASON<br />

Santoña estuary:<br />

Transects performed<br />

(20m spacing)<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Case study: Santoña estuary


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Case study: Santoña estuary


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Case study: Strait of Gibraltar<br />

• Tarifa (Strait of Gibraltar, Spain) in July 2001<br />

• Objective: Assess the general distribution of<br />

Cymodocea nodosa <strong>and</strong> avoid confusion with<br />

Laminaria sp.<br />

• SAV expected in a small strip parallel to the shore line<br />

• Bottom depths up to 15-20m<br />

• Detections of Cymodocea nodosa confirmed by divers


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Bottom typing<br />

• Specific application: <strong>BioSonics</strong> ® VBT (Visual Bottom<br />

Typing) software<br />

• Five bottom / sediment classification routines<br />

• Batch processing enabled<br />

• Bottom Classification Library: Classification based on<br />

actual acoustic references from ground truthed<br />

environments


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Case study: Strait of Gibraltar<br />

• Transects performed extended to bottom depth of 80-<br />

100m<br />

• Total area of 1980 ha surveyed on one day<br />

• 33 grab samples taken for establishing bottom library


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Case study: Santoña <strong>and</strong> Colindres<br />

• Bottom typing study of access channels of two fishing<br />

ports (towns of Santoña <strong>and</strong> Colindres)<br />

• Results used to support decision of need for dredging<br />

• Transect spacing between 20-30m<br />

• 12 grab samples in each access channel for establishing<br />

bottom library


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Case study: Santoña <strong>and</strong> Colindres


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Bathymetries<br />

• Bathymetric data included in acoustic survey data by<br />

default, independent from type of application<br />

• External sensors for improved accuracy (heave, etc.)<br />

• General bathymetric information useful for<br />

interpretation of biologic information<br />

• Technical resolution: one sample each 1,8cm (range)


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Case study: Reservoirs


5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Case study: Strait of Gibraltar<br />

41.50<br />

41.45<br />

41.40<br />

41.35<br />

41.30<br />

41.25<br />

41.20<br />

41.15<br />

41.10<br />

2.05 2.10 2.15 2.20 2.25 2.30 2.35 2.40 2.45 2.50 2.55 2.60<br />

AQUASON


5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Combined methods<br />

• Latest echosounder technology allows acquisition of<br />

data for all mentioned applications with one single<br />

survey<br />

• Parameter-plexing (virtual multiple transducers):<br />

operation of one transducer swapping between different<br />

settings<br />

• Provides even more flexibility <strong>and</strong> cost-effective<br />

sampling<br />

• All important data for ecosystem management are<br />

obtained fast <strong>and</strong> in an objective way using one single<br />

system<br />

AQUASON


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Case study: Strait of Gibraltar<br />

Laminaria sp.<br />

Hard substrate<br />

Cymodocea nodosa<br />

Gravel<br />

Very coarse s<strong>and</strong><br />

Coarse s<strong>and</strong><br />

Medium s<strong>and</strong><br />

Fine s<strong>and</strong>


5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Summary<br />

• System: <strong>BioSonics</strong> ® DT-X X full digital echosounder, <strong>BioSonics</strong> ®<br />

Acquisition, VBT <strong>and</strong> EcoSAV <strong>and</strong> SonarData EchoView ®<br />

software<br />

• Rugged, weather resistant portable unit<br />

• wired or wireless, remote controlled operation<br />

• Easy, fast <strong>and</strong> cost-effective assessment of large surfaces<br />

• All presented hydroacoustic applications can be performed with<br />

the same sounder system <strong>and</strong> add to its benefits:<br />

– fish <strong>and</strong> plankton<br />

– submersed aquatic vegetation<br />

– bottom (sediment) types<br />

– bathymetries<br />

The End<br />

AQUASON


AQUASON<br />

5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics 2004 – <strong>Aquatic</strong> <strong>Habitat</strong>s: Analysis & Restoration<br />

12 th -17<br />

th September, Madrid, Spain<br />

Acknowledgements<br />

The research of the reservoirs was made under contract<br />

of the Confederación Hidrográfica del Duero <strong>and</strong> the<br />

Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadiana.<br />

The Santoña project was financed by Ministerio de<br />

Medio Ambiente, Reserva Natural de las Marismas de<br />

Santoña y Noja.<br />

The Tarifa project was financed by Red Eléctrica de<br />

España.<br />

We wish to thank all implied persons for their support.

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