Kerala Tourism Policy 2012 in Malayalam

tIcf hnt\mZk©mc \bw
2012
Sqdnkw hIp¸v
tIcf kÀ¡mÀ

DÅ-S¡w
1. BapJw 1
2. `mhn-ZÀi\w 5
3. ZuXyw 5
4. e-£y§Ä 6
5. KpW-ta-·-bpÅ kµÀi\ A\p-`hw 6
6. kaq-lhpw Sqdn-khpw 13
7. \nt£]w 16
8. hn]W\w 17
9. a\p-jy-hn-`-h-tijn hnI-k\w 20
10. kwØm\ Sqdnkw D]-tZ-i-I-k-anXn 22

1. BapJw
1.1 ]pXn-b km-¼¯n-I {I-aw C-´y³ k¼-Zv hy-h-Ø-bn L-S-\m-]-cam-b am-ä-§Ä h-cp-¯nbn-cn-¡pp.
C-Xv sam-¯w tZio-b D-ev-]m-Z-\-¯nepw hnhn-[ ta-J-e-I-fn \n-p-Å kw-`mh-\-I-fnepw
{]-Xn-^-en-¨p Xp-S-§n-bn-«p−v. I-gn-ª H-cp Z-im-Ð-¡me-¯v km-t¦Xn-I cw-K-
¯p-−m-b ]p-tcm-K-Xn-bpw, hym-]m-c-ta-J-e-bn-ep−m-b h-fÀ-¨bpw a-äp tk-h-\ {]-hÀ-¯-
\§fpw tNÀ-v XyXo-b ta-Jesb (tertiary sector) hn-I-k-\-¯n-sâ ap-Wn-bn-se-
¯n¨p. C-´ybpw C-Xn-\v A-]-hm-ZaÃ. 2010 se I-W-¡-\p-k-cn-¨v B-tKm-f tZio-b D-ev-
]m-Z-\-¯n-sâ 63.29 i-X-am-\w tk-h-\ ta-J-e-bn \n-mWv. C-´y-bnepw tI-c-f-¯nepw C-
Xv b-Ym-{I-aw 55.2 i-X-am-\-hpw 66.28 i-X-am-\-hpw BWv. ]p-¯³ km-¼¯n-I {I-a-¯nÂ
hn-Ikz-c cm-Py-§-Ä, {]-tXy-In-¨v C-´ybpw ssN-\bpw {i-t²-bam-b ]p-tcmK-Xn ssI-hcn¨p.
CXn-s\m-¸w hn-Ikn-X k¼-Zv hy-h-Ø-I-fn-se A-`n-hr-²n-bpw Iq-Sn-t¨À--t¸mÄ B-
tKm-f hn-t\m-Zk©m-c ta-J-e-bv-¡v H-cp ]pXn-b D-WÀ-Æp e-`n¨p. F-m 2008 - 2009 se
km-¼¯n-I am-µy-s¯ Xp-SÀ-v hn-t\m-Zk©m-c hy-h-km-bw ]n-tm-¡w t]m-hp-Ibpw A-
Xv C-´y-sb AS-¡w _m-[n-¡p-Ibpw sN-bvXp. X-§-fp-sS hnI-k-\ A-P-−-bn hn-t\m-
Zk-©mc-s¯ X-¡Xm-b {]m-[m\yw \-ev-In DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯m³ tZio-b K-h¬-saâp-I-sf t{]-
cn-¸n-¡p- \nÀ-®m-b-I LS-Iw sXm-gnÂ, h-cp-am\w, hntZ-i \m-Wyw, {]m-tZin-I hn-Ik-
\w Xp-S§n-b ta-J-e-I-fn hn-t\m-Zk-©m-c-¯n-\p-Å km-¼¯n-I {]m-[m-\y-am-Wv. {]-Ir-
XnZ-¯-am-b k-¼-¯pw, kmw-kv-Imcn-I ss]-Xr-Ihpw hn-t\m-Zk©m-c hy-h-km-b-¯n-sâ
aq-e-[-\-am-bn I-W-¡m-¡-s¸-Spp. C-h-bm A-\p-{K-lo-Xam-b {]-tZ-i-§Ä hn-t\m-Z
k©m-c cwK-¯v A-km-[m-c-Wam-b h-fÀ¨ ssI-h-cn-¡p-hm³ km-[y-X-bp−v. {]mtb-W Iq-
Sp-X sXm-gn-e-h-k-c-§Ä kr-ãn-¡p- hn-t\m-Zk©m-c ta-J-esb, Zm-cn-{Zyhpw sXm-gnenÃm-bv-a-bp-am-bn
_-Ô-s¸-« {]-iv-\-§Ä-¡p ]-cn-lm-c-amÀ-¤-sa- \n-e-bn t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n-
¡p-p−v. {]-Ir-Xn-bn-te-¡p a-S-§p-hm-\m-Wv B-[p\n-I hn-t\m-Zk-©m-cn Xm-ev-]-cy-s¸-Sp-
-sX- Imcyw a-\-Ên-em-¡n {]-IrXn, k-aqlw, kw-kv-Im-cw Ch-sb A-Sn-Øm-\-am-¡n-bp-
Å A-\p-`-h-§Ä ]-IÀ-p \-ev-Ip- hn-t\m-Zk©m-c ]-cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw X-{´-§-fp-am-Wv cm-
Py-§Ä X-¿m-dm-¡p-Xv. hn-t\m-Zk©m-c hy-h-km-b-¯n \n-v ]-c-amh-[n ^-ew I-s−-
¯p-I-sb- e-£y-t¯m-sS, hn-t\m-Zk©mc tI-{µ-§-fn-se {]tZ-ihm-knIsf
'tNmÀ-¨IÄ Ip-d-bv-¡p-hm\pw _-Ô-§Ä i-àn-s¸-Sp-¯m-\p-am-bn' (minimize leakages and
maximize linkages) Sq-dn-kw ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fn ]-¦p tN-cp-hm³ t{]-cn-¸n-¡pp. C-v kpØnc
hn-Ik\w (sustainable development) F- B-i-b-¯n-\v {]-tXy-I Du-Â \-evIn, Sq-dn-k-
¯n-\v X-§-fp-sS hnI-k-\ am-Xr-I-bn AÀ-lam-b Øm-\w \-ev-Ip-hm³ FÃm k-¼-Zv
hy-h-Ø-Ifpw {i-²n-¡p-p-−v.
1

1.2 B-tKm-f Sq-dnkw 919 _n-ey¬ bp.Fkv. tUm-f-dnsâ (G-Xm-−v \m-ev-]¯-©p e-£w
tIm-Sn C-´y³ cq-]) H-cp hy-h-km-b-amWv. AXv 2010-Â 67 _n-ey¬ bp.Fkv. tUm-f-dnsâ
hÀ-[\-hv h-cp-am-\-¯n-ep-−m-¡n A-©p i-X-am-\w h-fÀ-¨m \nc-¡p ssI-h-cn-¡p-I-bp-
−mbn. 1950 Â 25 Z-ie-£w am-{X-am-bn-cp-p B-tKm-f hn-t\m-Zk-©m-cn-I-fp-sS F®w.
2008-Â AXv 924 Z-i-e-£-¯n-se-¯n. sF-Iy-cm-{ã Sq-dn-kw kw-L-S-\-bpsS (UNWTO)
2010-se Xm-Xv-Imen-I I-W-¡p-I-f-\p-k-cn-¨v sXm-«p-ap³-hÀ-j-s¯-¡mÄ 6.6 i-X-am-\w Iq-
Sp-XÂ h-fÀ-¨ t\-Sn- k-©m-cn-I-fp-sS F®w 940 Z-i-e-£-¯n-se-¯n \n-ev-¡pp. 2010 Â
tZiob sam-¯ h-cp-am-\-¯n\v (GDP) bm-{Xm þ hn-t\m-Zk©m-c ta-J-e-I-fp-sS B-sI kw-
`mh-\, A-Xn-sâ hnim-e km-¼¯n-I kzm-[o-\w DÄ-s¸sS, 9.1 i-X-am-\-amWv. 258
Z-ie£w sXm-gn-e-h-k-c-§-fm-Wv B-sI kr-ãn-¡-s¸-«Xv. C-Xv B-tKmf sXm-gn-e-h-k-c-§-
fpsS (Global employment) 8.8 i-X-am-\-amWv. Cu t\-«-¯n-\p Im-c-W-am-bn ]-d-bp-Xv
s]m-Xpþkz-Im-cy ]-¦m-fn-¯-a-Sn-Øm-\-am-¡n-bp-Å H-cp kw-tbm-K IÀ-½ ]-²-Xnbpw A-Xnsâ
km-aq-ly-X-e-§-fpw (community interface) B-Wv.
1.3 B-tKm-f hn-t\m-Zk©m-c hy-h-km-b-¯n C-´y Xm-c-X-tay-\ H-cp ]p-Xp-ap-J-amWv.
B-tKm-f hn-t\m-Zk-©m-c-ta-J-e-bn-se h-cp-am-\-¯n-sâ H-cp i-X-am-\-hpw (bp.Fkv.
tUmfÀ 11.39 _n-ey¬), k-©m-cn-I-fp-sS h-c-hn-sâ H-cp i-X-am-\-hpw (5.58 Z-i-e£w)
am-{X-am-Wv \-ap-¡p e-`n-¡p--sX-¦n-epw, C-Xv tZio-b k¼-Zv hy-h-Ø-bp-sS H-cp
kPo-h `m-K-am-bn am-dn-¡-gnªp. C-´y-bn-te-¡p-Å cm-Pym-´-c hn-t\m-Zk-©m-cn-I-fp-sS
hchv 1991-se 16 e-£-¯n-Â \npw 2010-se Xm-Xv-Imen-I I-W-¡p-IÄ kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-
Xp t]mse 55.8 e-£-¯n-se-¯n \n-ev-¡p-t¼mÄ hmÀjn-I h-fÀ-¨m \nc¡v 8.1 i-X-am-\-
amWv. C-tX Im-e-b-f-hn hn-hn-[ kw-Øm-\-§Ä X-½n-ep-Å B-`y-´-c hn-t\m-Z
k-©m-cw 66.6 Z-i-e-£-¯n \nv 740.21 Z-i-e-£-¯n-se¯n 10.7% hmÀjn-I h-fÀ-¨
tc-J-s¸-Sp¯n. hntZ-i \m-Wy-h-cp-am-\w 1991-se 1.86 _n-ey¬ bp.F-kv. tUm-f-dnÂ
\npw 2010-se-¯p-t¼mÄ 14.19 _n-ey¬ bp.F-kv.tUm-f-dmbn (Xm-Xv-Imen-I I-W¡v)
hÀ-²n¨p. C-hn-sS hmÀjn-I h-fÀ-¨m \nc¡v 24.6% BWv. C-´y-bp-sS tZiob sam-¯w
D-ev-]m-Z-\-¯n-\v Sq-dn-kw ta-J-e-bp-sS kw-`mh\ 8.6 i-X-am-\-am-bpw, 49 Z-ie-£w sXm-gn-ep-
IÄ Bbpw I-W-¡m-¡-s¸-Spp. ]qXn-b hn-t\m-Zk©m-c tI-{µ-§fpw D-ev-]--§fpw
A-\p-`-h-§fpw hn-I-kn-¸n-s¨-Sp-¡p--Xn-eq-sSbpw hnhn-[ X-c-¡mcm-b k-©m-cn-I-fp-sS
Xm-ev-]-cy-§Ä-¡-\p-kr-Xam-b ]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯p--Xn-eq-sSbpw Sq-dn-kw hy-h-kmbw
A-´m-cm-{ã hn-]-Wn-bn H-cp Ip-Xn-¨p Nm-«-¯n-\v X-¿m-sd-Sp-¡p-I-bmWv. h-cp- Zi-I-
2

¯n tem-I-¯n-se G-ähpw {]-[m-\-s¸-« Sq-dn-kw h-fÀ-¨m tI-{µ-§fn-sem-m-bn
C-´ysb WTTC Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡pp. {Sm-hÂþSq-dn-kw ta-J-e-bn-se B-sI km-¼¯n-I hym-
]m-c-§-fn A-Sp-¯ ]-¯p hÀ-j-¡mew, 9.7 i-X-am-\w F- D-bÀ- h-fÀ-¨m \n-c-¡p
ssI-h-cn-¡m³ t]m-hp-Xv SÀ-¡n-bv-¡p ti-jw C-´y B-bn-cn-¡p-sa-p {]-Xo-£n-¡pp.
C-tX Im-e-b-f-hn G-ä-hpw A-[n-Iw sXm-gn kr-ãn-¡-s¸-Sp-Xpw ssN-\-bv-¡p ti-jw
C-´y-bn B-bn-cn-¡p-sapw I-cp-X-s¸-Spp. cm-Pym-´-c hntZ-ik-©m-cn-IÄ ]-Ww Nn-ehm-¡p--Xn-sâ
h-fÀ-¨m\n-c-¡pw, A-Sp-¯ Z-i-I-¯n G-ä-hp-a-[nIw ({]-Xn-hÀjw 14.3%)
C-´y-bn-em-bn-cn-¡p-sa-p I-cp-X-s¸-Spp. Np-cp-¡n-¸-d-ªm Cu ta-J-e-bp-sS h-fÀ-¨m \nc-¡n-s\
_m-[n-¡p- \-b-]-cam-b {]-iv-\-§-fn {]-[m-\-s¸-«-h-bv-¡v D¯-cw I-s−-¯m³
I-gn-ªmÂ, WTTC bp-sS {]-hN-\w C-´y-bv-¡v tim-`-\am-b `m-hn hm-Kv-Zm-\w sN-¿p-p.
1.4 1976- tIm-hf-¯v tI-{µ kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ c-£m-IÀ-Xr-Xz-¯n H-cp A-´m-cm-{ã _o-¨v
dn-tkmÀ-«v Øm-]n-¡p--tXm-sS-bm-Wv tI-c-f-¯n hn-t\m-Z k©m-c hnI-k-\ ]-cn-]m-
SnIÄ B-cw-`n-¡p-Xv. hn-t\m-Z k©m-c ta-J-e-bp-sS h-cp-am\ þ km-¼¯n-I km-[y-
XIÄ a-\-Ên-em¡n-b tI-c-f kÀ-¡mÀ 1986-Â X-s hn-t\m-Z k-©mc-s¯ H-cp hy-hkm-b-am-bn
{]-Jym-]n¨p. c-−-c Z-im-Ðw F- sNdn-sbm-cp Im-e-b-f-hn-\p-Ån X-s
A-´m-cm-{ã hn-]-Wn-bn X-§-fp-sS Sq-dn-kw {_m³-Un-\p Øm-\-ap-d-¸n-¡p-hm\pw tI-c-f-
¯n-\p I-gnªp. s]m-Xpþkz-Im-cy ]-¦m-fn-¯-¯n-sâ {]m-[m\yw Du-n-¸-d-bp- tI-c-f-
¯n-sâ B-Zy Sq-dn-kw \bw 1995- {]-Jym-]n-¡-s¸-«p. ]p-¯³ hn-]-Wn-IÄ Io-g-S-¡nbpw
]pXn-b X-{´-§fpw D-ev-]--§fpw sa-\-sª-Sp¯pw Sq-dn-kw H-t«-sd ap-n-se-¯n-¡-
gnªp. 1986-Â I-ãn-¨v A³-]-Xn-\m-bn-cw hntZ-i hn-t\m-Z k-©m-cn-I-fm-sW-¯n-bn-cp-
Xv. hntZ-i \m-Wy h-cp-am\w 0.16 _n-ey¬ cq-]-bpw. 2010-se-¯n-b-t¸mÄ hntZ-i
hn-t\m-Z k-©m-cn-I-fp-sS F®w 0.6 Z-i-e-£-am-bpw, hntZ-i \m-W-b h-cp-am\w 37.97
_n-ey¬ cq-]-bmbpw D-bÀ-p. hn-t\m-Z k©m-c ta-J-e-bn B-sI D−mb sXm-gn-e-h-kc§Ä
1.2 Z-i-e-£-am-bn I-W-¡m-¡n-bn-cn-¡pp. hn-t\m-Z k-©m-c ta-J-e-bp-sS H-cp Z-im-
Ð-¡me-s¯ h-fÀ-¨m N-cn{Xw hy-à-am-¡p- ]-«n-I-bm-Wv Xm-sg-s¡m-Sp-¯n-cn-¡p--Xv.
3

]«nI 1 tI-c-f Sq-dn-kw k-©m-cn-I-fp-sS h-chpw h-cp-am-\hpw
hÀ-jw
tI-c-f-¯nte-¡v
hntZ-i
hn-t\m-Z
k-©m-cn-
I-fp-sS
hchv
C-´y-bn-te-
¡v hntZ-i
hn-t\m-Z
k-©m-cn-
IfpsS hchv
tI-c-f-¯n-te-
¡v h-cp-
hntZ-i hn-t\m-
Z k-©m-cn-I-fpsS
i-X-am-\-
¡W-¡v
tI-c-f-¯n-te-
¡p h-cp-
B-`y-´-c hnt\m-Z
k-©m-cn-I-fpsS
I-W¡v
hn-t\m-Z k-
©m-c- ta-J-ebnÂ
\n-p-Å
hntZ-i\mWy
h-cp-am\w (_ney¬
cq-]-
bnÂ)
B-sI h-cpam\w
(_n-ey¬
cq-]-bnÂ)
2001 208830 2537282 8.23 5239692 5.35 45.00
2002 232564 2384364 9.75 5568256 7.06 49.31
2003 294621 2726214 10.81 5871228 9.83 59.38
2004 345546 3457477 9.99 5972182 12.67 68.29
2005 346499 3918610 8.84 5946423 15.22 77.38
2006 428534 4447167 9.64 6271724 19.88 91.26
2007 515808 5081504 10.15 6642941 26.41 114.33
2008 598929 5282603 11.34 7591250 30.67 131.30
2009 557258 5167699 10.78 7913537 28.53 132.31
2010 659265 5583746 11.81 8595075 37.97 173.48
A-\p-]-a hn-t\m-Z k©m-c D-ev-]--§fm-b Im-b Sq-dnkw, B-bpÀth-Z Sq-dn-kw Xp-S§n-b
\q-X-\m-i-b-§Ä A-´m-cm-{ã-X-e-¯n Aw-Ko-Im-cw t\Sn. tI-c-f-¯n-se Im-b-ep-I-fnÂ
C-p-Å B-bn-c-t¯m-fw lu-kv t_m-«p-I-fn A-SnØm-\ ku-I-cy-§Ä D-Åh sXm-«v H-gp-
Ip sIm-«m-c-§Ä F-p hn-ti-jn-¸n-¡m-hp-{X B-Uw-_-c ku-I-cy-§Ä D-Å-h h-scbp−v.
tI-c-f-¯n-sâ ]-c-¼-cm-K-X Nn-In-Õm co-Xnbm-b B-bpÀ-thZ-s¯ hn-t\m-Z k-©m-cn-
IÄ-¡n-S-bn ]p-\À-bu-Æ-\ Nn-In-Õm hn-[n-bm-bn {]-N-cn-¸n¨p. k-©m-cn-IÄ-¡p a-d-¡m-\m-h-
¯ A-\p`-hw ]-IÀ-p \-ev-Ip--Xn-\m-bn B-Uw-_c tlm-«-ep-IÄ ap-XÂ ]-c-¼-cm-K-X
hm-kvXp ssi-en-¡p aIp-tSm-Zm-l-cW-§fmb tlmwkv-täIÄ (Homestays), kw-kv-Imcw, ]m-c-
¼-cyw, I-e-IÄ C-h-sbÃmw {]-tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp¯n. Xp-SÀ-¨-bm-bn h- kÀ-¡m-cp-IÄ s]m-Xp-ta-
J-e-sb-bpw, kz-Im-cy-ta-J-e-sb-bpw, _-lp-P-\-§-sf-bp-saÃmw Iq-«n-t¨À-¯v hn-t\m-Z k©m-c
ta-J-e-bp-sS A-Sn-¯-d hn-I-kn-¸n-¡p-hm³ {i-an¨p. 2000-am−v ap-XÂ Xp-SÀ-¨-bm-bn c-−p
hÀ-j-¯n-sem-cn-¡Â \-S-¡p- tI-c-f {Sm-h amÀ-«v kz-Im-cyþs]m-Xp ]-¦m-fn-¯-¯n-sâ
i-àn Im-«n-¯-cpp. Sq-dn-kw h-Ip¸pw Sq-dn-kw hy-h-km-bhpw tNÀ-v \q-X-\ {]N-c-W
]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fn-eq-sSbpw tdm-Uv tjm-I-fn-eq-sSbpw tZiobþA-´À-t±io-b hn-]-Wn-IÄ ]n-Sn-¨-S-
4

¡p- H-cp ]pXn-b amXr-I D-cp-¯n-cnªp. Sq-dn-kw _-lp-P-\-§Ä-¡p-]-tbm-K-s¸-tS-−-Xnsâbpw
]-¦m-fn-¯-¯n-sâbpw B-h-iy-I-X-bn-eq-n sXm-®q-dp-I-fn Ct¡m Sq-dn-kw am-Xr-I-
IÄ D-bÀ-p h-cn-Ibpw 2007-Â D-¯-chm-Z Sq-dn-kw ]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ B-cw-`n-¡p-Ibpw sN-bvXp.
Xm-a-k ku-I-cy-§Ä, hgn-tbm-c hn{i-a tI-{µ§Ä, a-\p-jy hn-`-h hn-I-k\w, hn-t\m-Zk©mc
ta-J-e-bv-¡p th-− \n-t£-]w C-h-sbm-s¡ D-−m-¡n-sb-Sp-¡p--Xn-\p t\-Xr-Xzw \-ev-Ip-hm-
\m-h-iyam-b Øm-]-\ kw-hn-[m-\w kw-Øm-\w hn-I-kn-¸n-s¨-Sp-¯p I-gn-ªp.
Cvv hn-t\m-Zk©m-c ta-J-e-bn sN-dpInSþC-S¯-cw kw-cw-`-§Ä-¡m-Wv taÂ-¡¿v. hn-I-k-
\-¯n-sâ Im-gv-N-¸m-Sn-eq-sS t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ hn-t\m-Zk-©m-c-¯n-\p-Å {]m-ap-Jyw Xt±-i `-c-W
kw-hn-[m-\-§fpw {]-tZ-i-hm-kn-Ifpw a-\-Ên-em-¡n-¯p-S-§n-bn-«p-−v. s]m-Xpþkz-Im-cy ta-J-e-
I-fp-sS H-cp am-Xr-Im Iq-«mbv-a hn-t\m-Z k©m-c ta-J-e-bn D-cp-¯n-cn-ªn-«p−v. k¼-Zv hyhØ-sb
i-àn-s¸-Sp-¯p-Xn-s\m-¸w km-aq-lyþ]-cn-k-c L-S-I§-sf tZm-j-I-c-am-bn _m-[n-
¡m-¯ X-c-¯n hn-t\m-Zk-©m-cn-¡v k-µÀi-\w tem-I-\n-e-hm-c-ap-Å H-cp A-\p-`-h-am-¡n
amäp-hm³ th-− \n-e-hm-cw FÃm ta-J-e-I-fn-ep-ap-d-¸m-¡p-I-bm-Wv Im-e-L-«-¯n-sâ B-h-iyw.
2. `m-hn-ZÀi\w (Vision)
tI-c-f kw-Øm-\-¯n-sâ kpØn-c hn-I-k-\-¯n N-e-\m-ß-Ihpw kp-{]-[m-\-hpam-b ]-¦v
hn-t\m-Zk-©m-c ta-J-e h-ln-¡pI.
3. Zu-Xyw (Mission)
3.1 A-´m-cm-{ã \n-e-hm-c-ap-Å H-cp {]m-tZin-I k-µÀ-i-\m-\p`hw Cu kw-Øm-\w ]-IÀ-p
\-ev-Ipw.
3.2 ]m-cn-ØnXn-I ]-cn-K-W-\-IÄ \n-e-\nÀ-¯n-s¡m-−pX-s Sqdn-kw ta-J-e hy-hkm-b
\n-t£-]-§Ä £-Wn-¡pw.
3.3 X-t±-io-bÀ-¡v hn-t\m-Zk-©m-c-¯n-sâ {]-tbm-P-\-§Ä e-`n-¡p-Ibpw A-hÀ A-Xn-\v
X¡Xm-b aqeyw \-ev-Ip-Ibpw sN-¿pw.
3.4 tI-cf-s¯ Sq-dn-kw ta-J-e-bn-se {i-t²-bam-b H-cp B-tKm-f {_m³-Um-bn D-bÀ-¯pw.
3.5 C-´y-¡-I¯pw ]p-d¯pw \-½p-sS hn]-Wn hn-ln-Xw hÀ-²n-¸n-¡pw.
3.6 kw-Øm-\-¯n\pw cm-Py-¯n\pw Sq-dn-kw ta-J-e-bn B-h-iyam-b D-bÀ- \n-e-hm-c-ap-Å
am-\-h hn-`-h-ti-jn-bp-sS t{km-X-Êm-bn tIc-fw am-dpw.
5

4. e-£y§Ä (Objectives)
4.1 D-bÀ- Kp-W-\n-e-hm-c-ap-Å k-µÀ-i-\m-\p`-hw D-d-¸m-¡pI.
4.2 hn-t\m-Z k-©m-c-¯n \npw Xt±-ihm-kn-IÄ-¡p {]-tbmP-\w D-d-¸m-¡p-hm³ {i-²n-
¡pI.
4.3 \n-t£-]w km-[y-am-hp- A-´-co-£w kr-ãn-¡pI.
4.4 tZiobþA-´À-t±io-b hn-]-Wn-I-fn tI-cf-s¯ {]-Xy-£am-b H-cp B-tKm-f {_m³-Um-
¡n hn-]-W\w sN-¿pI.
4.5 hn-t\m-Z k©m-c B-Xn-Yy ta-J-e-IÄ-¡m-h-iyam-b D-bÀ- Kp-W\n-e-hm-c-ap-Å am-\-h
hn-`-h-ti-jn hn-I-kn-¸n-s¨-Sp-¡p-I.
5. KpW-ta-·-bmÀ- k-µÀ-i-\m-\p`hw D-d-¸m-¡p-hm³
kµÀ-i-I-cm-Wv hn-t\m-Zk©m-c hy-h-km-b-¯n-sâ \-s«Ãv F-v a-\-Ên-em-¡pp. a-Õ-c-§Ä
\n-d-ª Cu ta-J-e-bn H-cp hn-t\m-Zk©m-c tI-{µ--¯n--\v ]n-Sn-¨v \nÂ-¡-W-sa-¦n D-]-t`màm-hn-\v
In-S-b-ä tk-h-\hpw, kw-Xr-]v-Xnbpw D-d-¸m-¡n-tb Xocq. B-tKm-f \n-ehm-c-ap-Å
ku-I-cy-§Ä e-`y-am-¡p-hm³ R-§Ä {i-an¡pw. C-Xn-\m-bn hn-t\m-Zk©m-c tI-{µ-§-fnÂ
A-Sn-Øm-\ ku-I-cy-§Ä Iq-«p-hm\pw tlm-«-ep-I-fn-epw, sd-kv-täm-dâp-I-fn-epw, a-äv k-µÀ-i-I
tI-{µ-§-fnepw sa-¨-s¸-« tk-h-\-§Ä e-`y-am-¡p--Xn-\pw, hn-t\m-Zk©m-c tI-{µ-§-fnÂ
Iq-Sp-X sa-¨-s¸-« ku-I-cy-§Ä H-cp-¡p-hm-\pw, hnt\m-Zk©m-c ta-J-e-bn-se {]m-tZin-I
B-IÀ-j-W-§-fp-sS ]cn-]m-e-\hpw k-¼qÀ-® kw-c-£-Whpw D-d-¸m¡pw.
5.1 hn-t\m-Zk©m-c tI-{µ-§f-n-se ASnØm\ ku-I-cy-§Ä
Xt±-i kz-bw`-c-W Øm-]-\-§f-p-sSbpw h-Ip-¸p-I-fp-tS-bpw {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä G-Io-I-cn¡p-I
F-Xv sa-¨-s¸-« ASnØm\ ku-I-cy-§Ä D-d-¸m-¡p--Xn-\v A-Xy-´m-t]-Iv-jn-X-amWv.
ASnØm\ ku-I-cy-§-fp-sS Im-cy¯n \n-e-hn-ep-Å A-]-cym-]v-X-X ap³-K-W-\m-Sn-Øm-\-
¯n ]-cn-l-cn-t¡-−-XmWv. Cu {]-hÀ-¯\-§-fp-sS knw-l-`m-Khpw a-äp h-Ip-¸p-IÄ \Â-
Ip ap³-K-W\-sb A-Sn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp-¯n BbXn-\m _-Ô-s¸-« aävv h-Ip-¸p-IÄ Cu B-hiy-§-tfm-Sv
{In-bm-ß-I-ambn {]-Xn-I-cn-t¡-−-Xp-−v. {][m-\-s¸« hn-t\m-Zk©m-c tI-{µ-§-
fn Sq-dn-kw h-Ip¸v _Ôs¸-« h-Ip-¸p-I-fp-ambn tNÀ-v A-SnØm-\ ku-I-cy-§Ä sa-¨-s¸-
Sp-¯p-Xn-\p-Å ]-²-Xn-IÄ X-¿m-dm-¡p-w. P-e-hnX-c-W kw-hn-[m-\w, k©m-c kuIcyw,
sX-cp-hv hn-f-¡p-IÄ, am-en-\y kw-kvIc-Ww Fn-h-bmWv {][m-\ ]²XnIÄ ap-Jy-a-{´n
A-²y-£-\m-bpw, Sq-dn-kw a{´n D-]m-[y-£-\mbpw, H-cp Iym-_n-\äv I-½n-än Sq-dn-k¯n\p
th−n cq-]n-I-cn-¡pw. a-äp h-Ip-¸v a-{´n-amÀ Aw-K§fmb Cu I-½n-än Sq-dn-kw ta-Jebnse
kp-{][m\ ]-²-Xn-I-fp-sS \-S-¯n-¸n-\v taÂ-t\m-«w h-ln-¡pw.
6

5.1.2 {]-k-àhpw {]m-[m-\y-hp-tadn-b ]-²-Xn-IÄ cq]n-I-cn-¡p--Xn-\mbn Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸v
C-Xn-\m-bn Sq-dn-kw an-\n-ÌÀ -A-²y-£-\m-bp-Å "Sm-kv-¡v t^mgv-kv Hm¬ C³-{^m-kv-{S-Iv-
¨À sU-h-e-¸vsaâv’ cq-]n-I-cn-¡pw. C-Xn Sq-dn-kw hy-h-km-b-¯n GÀ-s¸-«n-cn-¡p--
hcpw a-äp h-Ip-¸p-I-fn-se {]-Xn-\n-[-n-Ifpw Aw-K-§-fm-bn-cn-¡pw.
5.1.3 sI-«n-¡n-S-¡p- \Kc-am-en-\y-§Ä Sq-dn-kw hy-h-km-b-¯n---\pw s]m-Xp-P\m-tcm-Ky-
¯n\pw Hcp-t]m-se D-Xv-¡WvT D-f-hm-¡pp. B-h-iy-ap-Å-bn-S-§-fn-seÃmw Sq-dn-kw
h-Ip-¸v Xt±-i kz-bw`-c-W Øm-]-\-§-fp-am-bn k-l-I-cn-¨v am-en-\y \nÀ-½mÀÖ-\w \-S-
¸m-¡n Sq-dn-kw tI-{µ-§fpw {][m-\ Sq-dnkw C-S-\m-gn-Ifpw hr-¯n-bm-bn kq-£n¡pw.
hnhn-[ F³.Pn.H.I-fp-tSbpw kz-bw`-c-W Øm-]-\-§-fp-tS-bpw, kz-bw klm-b kwL-
§--fp-sS-bpw- ]-¦m-fn-¯-t¯msS tI-c-f th-kv-äv {^o sUÌn-t\j³ (KWFD) F-
t]-cn {]-Nm-c-W ]-cn-]m-SnIÄ B-cw-`n-¡pw. Sq-dn-kw a-{´n A-²y£\m-b H-cp Sm-kv-¡v
t^m-gvkv t^mÀ C-^-Iv-So-hv Iym-¼-bn³ (KWFD) cq-]oI-cn-¡pw. C-Xn Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸nsebpw
X-t±-i-kz-bw`-c-W h-Ip-¸n-sebpw ip-Nn-Xz -an-j-\n-sebpw kz-bw-k-lm-b-kw-L-
§-fn-se-bpw, hnhn-[ F³.Pn.H.I-fn-sebpw Sq-dn-kw hy-h-km-b-¯n-sebpw {]-Xn-\n-[n-IÄ
D-−m-bn-cn-¡pw.
5.2. hn-t\m-Z k©m-c hn-`-h§-fp-sS amt\-Pv-saâvv
5.2.1 tI-c-f--¯n-se `qcn]-£w hn-t\m-Z k©m-c BIÀ-j-W-§fpw Xt±-i kz-bw`-c-Ww,
h\w, h-\y-Pohn, sI.F-kv.C._n, kmw-kv-Im-cnIw, P-e-tkN-\w, Irjn, Xpd-ap-Jw, arKkw-c£Ww
Xp-S§n-b h-Ip-¸p-I-fpsS A[o-\-X-bn-emWv. Cu hn-`-h-§-fp-sS D-]-t`màm-hv
F- \n-e-bn Cu h-Ip¸p-I-fp-am-bn kl-I-cn¨v sIm−v A-h-bp-sS hn-I-k-\-
¯n\pw ]cn--]m-e-\-¯n-\p-am-bn tI-c-f Sq-dn-kw {_m³-U-nsâ Iogn hnhn-[ {i-a-§Ä
\-S-¯pw.
5.2.2 {]Ir-Xn-bp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-«p In-S-¡p- hn-t\m-Zk©m-c hn-`-h-§Ä Sqdn-k-¯n-sâ
t]-cnepw a-äp ]-e co-Xn-bn-ep-ap-Å Nq-j-W-§Ä-¡v C-c-bm-Im\p-Å km-[y-X-tb-sd-bmWv.
Cu hn-`-h-§-fp-sS \n-e-\n-Â-¸n-\m-bn A-h-bp-sS hnth-I]qÀ-Æam-b D-]-tbm-Kw A-Xy-´mt]-£n-XamWv.
C-¯-c-¯n F-fp-¸-¯n £-Xs¸-Sm-hp- {]-tZ-i-§-fn-se G-sXm-cp
hn-[-¯n-ep-Å C-S-s]-S-ep-I-Ä¡pw Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸n-sâ AwKoImcw \nÀ-_-Ô-amWv.
5.2.3 B-e-¸p-g tI-{µo-I-cn-¨m-Wv tI-c-f-¯n-se an-¡ Imb hn-t\m-Zk©m-c {]-hÀ-¯-\-
§fpw \S-p h-cp-Xv. \n-e-hn B-bn-c-¯nÂ]-cw lu-kv-t_m-«p-I-fm-Wv Cu {]-tZi-
¯p {]-hÀ-¯n-¨p h-cp-Xv, Cu km{µ-X C-hnS-s¯ Im-b ]-c-¸p-IÄ¡p Xm-§m-hp--
7

Xn-\pw A-¸p-d-amWv. X³-aq-ew K-XmK-Xw Ip-d-ª Im-b ]-c-¸n-te-¡v lu-kvt_m-«p-IfpsS
k-©m-cw Xn-cn-¨p hn-tS−-Xv B-h-iy-am-bn-cn-¡pp. ]pXn-b {]-tZ-i-§-fn ImbÂ
hn-t\mZk-©m-cw hym-]n-¸n-¡p--Xn\p th-−n Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸v P-e-hn`h h-Ip-¸p-ambn
k-l-I-cn-¨v ]pXnb t_m-«v sP-«n-I-fpw,- I-S-hp-I-fpw, ]mÀ-¡nw-Kv G-cn-b-Ifpw \nÀ-½n-
¡pw. th-¼-\m-«p Im-b-en-\p ]pd-ta a-äp Im-b {]-tZ-i-§-fn-te¡pw lukv-t_m-«v
{]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä hym-]n-¸n-¡p-hm-\p-Å k-lm-bw Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸v \Â-Ipw.
5.2.4 tlmwkv-tä-IÄ¡pw, B-bpÀth-Z tI-{µ-§-Ä¡pw, lukv-t_m-«p-IÄ-¡pw, kÀ-Æo-kv
hnÃ-IÄ¡pw Xt±-i kz-bw`-c-W-Øm-]-\-§-fp-sS sse-k³-kv e-`n-¡p--Xn\v Sq-dn-kw
h-Ip-¸n-sâ Aw-Kn-Im-cw \nÀ-_Ô-am-¡pw. C-Xn-\m-bn X-t±-i kz-bw`-c-W hIp-¸p-am-bpw
Btcm-Kyw, Xp-d-apJw, Xp-S§n-b h-Ip-¸p-I-fp-ambpw tbm-Pn-¨v {]-hÀ-¯n¡pw.
5.2.5 k-µÀ-i-IÀ-¡p ]pXnb A-\p`-h§Ä \Â-Ip-Xpw C-t¡m-sU-h-e-¸v-saâv I-½n-än-¡v
Iq-Sp-X h-cp-am-\w D−m-¡p--Xpam-b Ct¡m Sq-dn-kw {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä hÀ-[n-¸n-¡p--
Xn-\m-bn h\w, h-\y-Po-hn h-Ip-¸p-I-fp-am-bn k-l-I-cn-¨v Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸v \-S-]-Sn-IÄ F-Sp-
¡pw.
5.3 {]mtZin-I DÃm-k-tI-{µ-§-fp-sS hn-I-k\hpw {]m-tZin-I A-\p-`-h-§-fp-sS
hÀ-²o-I-c-Whpw
5.3.1 ssh-hn-[y-amÀ- tI-c-f-¯n-sâ {]-Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpw kw-kv-Im-c-¯n-sâbpw ss]-Xr-Iw
{]-ZÀ-in-¸n-¡m-\m-h-iyam-b {]-tXy-I hn-j-bm-[n-jvTn-X ayq-kn-b-§Ä Øm-]n¡pw. Hcp
Z-imÐ Im-e-b-f-hn-\pÅn C-Xp-t]m-ep-Å ]-¯v ayq-kn-b-§Ä \n-À-½n-¡m-\p-Å
km-¼¯n-I k-lm-bw Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸v \Â-Ipw.
5.3.2 A-dn-bp-Xpw A-dn-bm-¯-Xp-am-b H-«-\h-[n B-IÀ-j-W-§Ä tI-c-f-¯n D-−v. B-hiyam-b
ku-I-cy-§Ä H-cp-¡p--Xn-eq-sS C-hn-tS-¡v [m-cm-fw k-µÀ-iI-sc sIm-−p-hcm³
I-gnbpw. {]-kn²am-b A¯-cw tI-{µ-§-fn D-Å ku-Icyw hÀ-²n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw
A-{X {]-kn-²-aÃm-¯ Ø-e-§-fn ]pXn-b ku-I-cy-§Ä krãn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw.
5.3.3. PnÃm Sq-dn-kw {]-tam-j³ Iu¬-kn-en-tâ-bpw, sU-Ìn-t\-j³ am-t\-Pv-saâv Iu¬-kn-entâbpw
k-lm-b-t¯m-sS hn-t\m-Zk©m-c tI-{µ-§-fp-sS \-S-¯n-¸v Xm-sg X-«n \npw
i-àn-s¸-Sp-¯pw.
8

5.4 hn-t\m-Zk©m-c tI{-µ-§-fp-sS \n-ehm-c ]cn-tim[\
5.4.1 hn-t\m-Zk©m-c tI{-µ-§-fp-sS \n-e-hm-cw D-bÀ-¯p--Xn-\v \n-e-hn-ep-f-f ku-I-cy-§-
fn k-©m-cn-IÄ F-{X-am{Xw Xr-]v-X-cmWv F-v a-\-Ên-em-t¡−-Xv B-h-iy-amWv.
C-Xn-\m-bn FÃm {][m-\ tI-{µ-§-fnepw Sqdn-kw h-Ip-¸v ^o-Uv-_m-¡v kÀ-tÆ \-S-¯pw.
Cu kÀ-tÆ-I-fn \npw e`n-¡p hnh-c§Ä I-W-¡n-se-Sp-¯v k-©m-cn-I-fp-sS
_q-²n-ap-«p-IÄ ]-cn-l-cn-¡p-hm-³ B-h-iyam-b Xncp-¯-Â \-S-]-Sn-IÄ Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸v
kzo-I-cn-¡pw.
5.5 hn-t\m-Zk©m-c tI-{µ-§-fnepw bm{Xm-amÀ-¤-§-fnepw hgn-tbm-c ku-I-cy§Ä
5.5.1. \à co-Xn-bn kw-c-£n-¨p t]m-cp s]mXp tSm-bv-e-än-sâbpw, a-äp Sq-dn-kv-äv ku-I-cy-
§-fp-sSbpw A]cym-]vXX an-¡ hn-t\m-Zk©m-c tI-{µ-§-fnepw tIÄ-¡p- H-cp {]-iv-
\-amWv. Cu {]-iv-\w ]-cn-l-cn-¡m³ Sqdn-kw h-Ip-¸v H-cp IÀ-½ ]²-Xn B-hn-jv-I-cn-
¡pw. t\-cn-«pw, ]-¦m-fn-¯-t¯m-SpIq-Snbpw \ne-hm-c-ap-Å tSm-bve-äp-Ifpw hn{i-a-ap-dn-
Ifpw FÃm hn-t\m-Zk©m-c tI-{µ-§-fnepw bm{X-¡mÀ-¡m-bn \nÀ-½n-¡pw. tSm-bve-äp-
IÄ FÃmw X-s H-cp t]m-se DbÀ \n-e-hm-cw ]p-eÀ-¯p-p Fpw Dd¸m-¡pw.
5.5.2 ]-Ww A-S-¨p-]-tbm-Kn-¡m-hp-- s]m-XptSm-bv-e-äp-Ifp-sS \nÀ-½m-Whpw ]-cn-]m-e\hpw
\qX-\ km-t¦Xn-I hn-Zy-I-fp-sS D-]-tbm-K-hpw t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n-¡p-hm-\p-Å ]-²-Xn-IÄ
B-hn-jv-I-cn¡pw
5.6 ]cn-Øn-Xn-¡v C-W§n-b {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n-¡pp
5.6.1 hn-t\m-Zk-©m-c {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fp-sS ^-e-am-bn Im-bÂ-¸-c-¸p-Ifpw a-äv P-em-i-b-§fpw
aen-\o-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-Xv Ku-c-h-tadn-b H-cp hn-j-b-amWv. Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸v kw-Øm\ a-en-
\oI-c-W \n-b{´W t_mÀ-Up-ambn k-l-I-cn¨vv C-hn-sS {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p- lukv-t_m-«p-
I-fn J-cþ{Z-h- am-en-\y-§Ä im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bn kw-kv-I-cn-¡pp Fpw t^mÀ
kv-t{Sm-¡v F³-Pn³ X-s-bm-Wv D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-Xv Fpw D-d¸vv h-cp-¯m-\m-bn
IÀi\ \-S-]-Sn-IÄ kzo-I-cn-¡pw. a-äv Sq-dn-Ìv t_m-«p-I-fnepw Cu kw-hn-[m-\w \-S-¸n-em-
¡p--Xn-\p-Å km-[y-X-IÄ h-Ip-¸v ]cn-tim-[n-¡pw.
5.6.2 ]v-fm-Ìn-¡v am-en-\y-§Ä s]m-Xp P-\--§tfbpw hn-t\m-Zk-©m-cn-I-tfbpw H-cp t]m-se
A-e-«p- {]-ivv-\-ambn \n-e-\nÂ-¡p-p. B-Zy-L-«-sa- \n-e-bn Unkv-t]m-kn-_nÄ
]-v-fm-Ìn-¡n-sâ D-]-tbm-Kw {][m-\ hn-t\m-Zk©m-c ta-J-e-Ifmb tIm-hfw, s]m³-apSn,
thfn, h-À¡-e, sX³ae, B-e-¸p-g Im-b {]tZ-i§Ä, IpacIw, t^mÀ-«v sIm¨n,
9

CchnIp-fw, tX-¡Sn, ]q-t¡m-Sv X-Sm-Iw, kq-Nn-¸m-d, Ip-dp-h Xp-S§n-b Ø-e-§-fnÂ
Sqdnkw hy-h-km-bn-I-fp-sS k-lm-b-¯m-sS ]qÀ-®-ambpw \n-tcm-[n-¡pw.
5.6.3 t]-¸-À _mKvv \nÀ-½mWw, ]v-v-fm-Ìn-¡pw a-äp a-en-\y-§fpw D-]-tbm-K{]-Zam-b h-kv-Xp-¡-
fmbn amäp-I Xp-S§n-b ]cn-Øn-Xn kulrZkw-cw-`§-sf Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸v h-b-_n-en-än
Km]v ^-−n-§n-ep-sS ]n³-Xp-W-bv¡pw.
5.7 kph-\oÀ hy-hkm-b¯nsâ t{]m-Õml\w
5.7.1 kph-\oÀ hy-]m-cw tem-I-sa-¼mSpw hn-t\m-Zk©m-c ta-J-e-bn-se {][m-\ L-S-I-amWv.
C-Xn-\v c-−v h-i-ap−v. H-v {]m-tZin-I k-¼-Zv-L-S\-sb C-Xv k-lm-bn-¡p-p. c-−v
k-µÀi-\w I-gn-ªv a-S-§p--hÀ-¡v bm-{X-sb-¡p-dn-¨v HmÀ-¡p-hm\mbn H-cp kv-a-cWn-I
sIm−p-t]m-Ip-hm³ I-gn-bpp. hn-t\m-Z-k-©m-cnI-sf Xn-cn-sI \-½p-sS \m-«n-te-¡v
X-s sIm-−p hcn-I F--Xm-Wv C-Xn-sâ ]-c-tam--X e-£yw, am-{X-aà Cu
kv-a-cWn-I \-½p-sS kvY-e§-sf a-äp-Å k-©m-cn-IÄ-¡v ap-n hmsam-gn-bn-eq-sS
hn-]W-\w sN-¿p-hm³ k-lm-bn-¡pp. ]-s£ ]T-\-§Ä Im-Wn-¡p-Xv tI-c-f-¯nÂ
F-¯p- hn-t\m-Zk-©m-cn-IÄ A-h-cp-sS Nn-e-hn-sâ 5% ¯n Xm-sg am-{X-ta kv-a-c-Wn-
I-IÄ hm-§p-hm-\mbn Nn-e-hm-¡p-p-Åp F-mWv. kv-a-c-Wn-I-I-fp-sS ]-cn-an-Xam-b
e`y-Xbpw ssh-hn-[yhpw I-W-¡n-se-Sp-¯v A-h-bp-sS DÂ-¸m-Z-\hpw hn-]-W-\hpw
t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n-¡p-hm-\m-bn Xn-c-sª-Sp-¡-s¸-«-Xpw, Aw-Ko-Im-c-ap-ÅXpw Bb FÃm
hn-t\m-Zk©m-c bq-Wn-äp-I-fnepw tI-c-f-¯n-sâ {]m-tZin-I kv-a-c-Wn-I-fp-sS {]-ZÀ-i-\
hn-ev-]-\ tI-{µ-§Ä \nÀ-_-Ô-am-¡n-bn-«p−v. C-Xn\mbn ]-äp-n-S-t¯mfw kv-a-c-Wn-I-Ifp-sS
hn-]-W-¯n-\v B-h-iy-am-b Ø-ew \Â-In tI-c-f K-h¬-sa-âpw Cu ]-²-Xn-sb
]n³-Xm-§pw.
5.8 tIcf¯nsâ X\Xp ]mNIcoXnIfpsS t{]mÕml\w
5.8.1 tIc-f-¯n-sâ kp-K-Ô-{Z-hy-§fpw ]m-N-I-co-Xnbpw G-sd {]-i-kv-X-hpw, Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡-s¸-«-
Xp-amWv. {]m-tZin-I `-£-W-hn-`-h-§Ä \Â-Ip-hm-\mbn tlm-«-ep-I-tfbpw d-kv-täm-dâp-Itfbpw
Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸v t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n-¡pw. B-h-iy-ap-Å am-\-hhn-`-hti-jn D-d-¸p h-cp-
¯m\m-bn tI-c-f If-n\-dn C³-Ìn-«yq-«v Xp-S-§p--Xn\pw th-− \-S-]-Sn-IÄ F-Sp-¡pw.
5.9 kmlknI Sqdnk¯nsâ t{]m-Õml\w
5.9.1 ]À-Æ-X-§-fpw, Ip-p-I-fpw, P-em-i-b-§-fpw \nd-sb D-Å tI-c-f-¯n-sâ `q-{]-Ir-Xn
km-lkn-I hn-t\m-Z-¯n-\v G-ähpw A-\ptbm-Py-am-b-XmWv. sX-c-sª-Sp-¡-s¸-« Ø-e-
§-fn I-c-bnepw P-e-¯n-ep-ap-Å kmlknI hn-t\m-Z-bm-{X {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä t{]m-Õmln-¸n-¡pXn\p-Å
\-S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoIcn¡pIbpw kmlknI Sqdnkw Hm¸tdäÀamÀ¡v
{]tXyI C³k³äohv \ÂIpIbpw sN¿pw.
10

5.10 FÃm {]ap-J k©m-c tI-{µ-§-fnepw C³^À-taj³ tI-{µ-§Ä
5.10.1 \n-e-hm-c-ap-Å hn-h-c-§Ä e-`y-am-¡p--Xn-\v FÃm {]-[m-\-s¸-« hn-t\m-Zk©m-c tI-{µ-
§-fnepw \-K-c-§-fnepw KXm-K-X-tI-{µ-§-fnepw C³-^À-taj³ tI-{µ-§Ä D-−mth−Xv
A-Xy-´m-t]-£nX-amWv. taÂ-¸-d-ª FÃm kvv-Y-e-§-fnepw- hnh-c
km-t¦XnI tI-{µ-§fpw ]-cn-ioe-\w e-`n-¨ Poh-\-¡m-scbpw e-`y-am¡pw.
5.11. hn-t\m-Zk-©m-c-tI-{µ-§fnepw tdm-Up-I-fnepw amÀ-¤-\nÀ-t±-inIÄ (Signages)
Øm]n-¡Â
5.11.1 Sqdn-kw tI-{µ-§-fn-te-¡p-Å h-gn-I-fn-epw ssl-th-I-fnepw \n-e-hn-ep-Å ssk-t\-Pp-IÄ
sa-¨-s¸-Sp-¯p--Xn-sâ B-hiyw I-W-¡n-se-Sp¯ C-h sa-¨-s¸-Sp-¯p--Xn-\m-bn
Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸v H-cp {]-tXy-I ]²-Xn B-hn-jv-I-cn¡pw. Ign-bp-n-S-t¯mfw A-´m-cm{ã
X-e-¯n Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡-s¸-«n-«p-Å Nn-Ó-§fpw \n-d-§-fp-am-bn-cn¡pw C-Xn-\m-bn D-]-tbm-
Kn-¡p-I.
5.12 hgn-tbm-c tI-{µ-§fp-sS X-cw-Xn-cn--¡Â
5.12.1 tSm-bv-e-äv ku-I-cy-§Ä, ]mÀ-¡nw-Kv ku-I-cy§Ä, e-Lp`-£-W ku-I-cy-§Ä Ch
\ÂIp hgn-tbm-c tI-{µ-§fpsS- \n-e-hm-cw D-d-¸m-¡p--Xn-\v th-−n H-cp X-cw-Xn-cn-
¡Â -k-{¼-Zm-bw sIm-−ph-cpw.
5.13 tlm-]v Hm¬/tlm-]v Hm^vv kÀ-Æokv
5.13.1 Xn-cph-\-´--]pcw, Be¸pg, t^mÀ«v sIm¨n, sIm-¨n Im-b-temcw, aq-mÀ F-o
Øe§fn H-cp tlm-]v Hm¬/ tlm-]v Hm^vv kÀ-Æokv e-`y-am-¡p--Xm-bn-cn-¡pw.
CXn-sâ hn-P-b-¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯n Iq-Sp-X ta-J-e-I-fn-te-¡v Cu tkh-\w
hy-m--]n-¸n-¡pw.
5.14 hy-Xy-kv-Xam-b ti-jn-I-fp-Å-h-c-S¡w (differently abled person) FÃm-hÀ-¡pam-bn
]pXn-b hn-t\m-Zk©m-c tI-{µ-§Ä hn-I-kn-¸n-s¨-Sp-¡pI
5.14.1 im-co-cn-I-am-bn ssh-I-ey-§-fp-Å k-µÀ-i-IÀ tI-c-f-¯n-sâ {]-tXy-I-X-IÄ A-\p-`-hn-
¨-dn-bp-hm³ _p-²n-ap-«p-p. sX-c-sª-Sp-¡p- Ipd-¨p hn-t\m-Z k©m-c tI-{µ-§-fnÂ
im-cocnI ssh-I-ey-§-fp-Å-hÀ-¡m-bn ku-I-cy-§Ä H-cp-¡p-hm³ D-t±-in-¡pp.
5.15 Po-h³ c-£m X-¿m-sd-Sp-¸pIÄ (Life saving initiative)
5.15.1 I-S-tem-c§Ä, Im-b-epIÄ, \-ZnIÄ, X-Sm-I-§Ä XpS-§n A-]-IS-§tfm Po-hlm\ntbm
kw-`-hn-¡m³ km-[y-X-bp-ÅX-cw hn-t\m-Zk©m-c tI-{µ§-sf Im-cy-am-bn
11

B-{i-bn-¨m-Wv tI-c-f-¯n-se Sq-dn-kw ta-J-e \o-§p-Xv. {][m-\ I-S-tem-c-§-fnseÃmw
X-s ]-cn-ioe-\w t\Sn-b Po-h³ c-£m {]-hÀ-¯Isc (Life guards) \n-tbm-
Kn-¨n-«p-s−-¦nepw ]-cn-ioe-\w t\Sn-b Iq-Sp-XÂ t]-sc hn-\y-kn-¡p-Ibpw A-h-cp-sS
I-gn-hp-IÄ Iq-Sp-X sa-¨-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw kpc-£m D-]-I-c-W-§Ä \-ev-Ip-Ibpw
sN-t¿-−-Xp−v. C-t¸mÄ \n-e-hn-ep-Å Po-h³ c-£m {]-hÀ-¯-IÀ-¡v A-h-cp-sS I-gn-hp-
IÄ sa-¨-s¸-Sp-¯m³ ]-cn-ioe-\w \-ev-Ip--tXm-sSm-¸w B-h-iyam-b B-[p\n-I
Po-h³ c-£m D-]-I-c-W-§fpw \-ev-Ipw.
5.15.2 ]-cn-ioe-\w t\Sn-b B-fp-I-fp-sS F-®w hÀ-[n-¸n-t¡-−-Xp-−v F- Imcyw ]-cn-K-
Wn¨v, D-bÀ- A]-I-S km-[y-X-bp-Å P-em-i-b§-sf tI-{µo-I-cn¨v 'Po-h³ c-£m
k--² tk-hI³' F- ]²-Xn \-S-¸n-em¡n, \n-e-hn-ep-Å Po-h³ c-£m kw-hn-[m-\w
sa-¨-s¸-Sp-¯pw. hn-t\m-Z k©m-c tI-{µ-¯n \n-p I-s®-¯p- Zq-c-¯nÂ
sXm-gn sN-¿p-htcm Xm-a-kn-¡p-htcm B-b B-fp-I-fn \n-p k--²
tk-hI-sc sX-c-sª-Sp-¯v A-hÀ-¡p Po-h³ c-£m-{]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fnepw {]-Y-a ip-{iqj-bnepw
]-cn-ioe-\w \-ev-In Ah-sc Po-h³ c-£m k--² tk-h-I-cm-bn \n-tbm-Kn-
¡p-I-bm-Wv ]-²-Xn-bp-sS e-£yw. Sqdn-kw hy-h-km-b-¯n-sâ-bpw X-t±-i-hm-kn-I-fpsSbpw
k-l-I-c-W-t¯m-sS Cu ]²Xn \-S-¸n-em-¡pw.
5.15.3 Po-h³ c-£m tk-h-\-§Ä-¡m-bn H-cp {]-tXy-I skm-ssk-än cq-]o-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw
i-cnbm-b ]-cn-ioe-\w \-ev-Inbpw A-Xym-[p\n-I D-]-I-c-W-§Ä \-ev-Inbpw tkh-\w
Iq-Sp-XÂ sa-¨-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bpw sN-¿pw.
5.16 hn-t\m-Zk©m-c tI-{µ-§-fn Sq-dnÌv -hmÀ-U³-amÀ
hn-t\m-Zk©m-c tI-{µ-§-fn k-©m-cn-I-tfm-Sv A-]-a-cym-Z-bm-bn s]-cp-am-dp-Ibpw Ah-sc B-
{I-an-¡p-Ibpw sNbv-X H-t«-sd kw-`-h-§Ä D-−m-bn-«p−v. C¯-cw {]-iv-\-§Ä X-S-bp-hm³ \ne-hn-ep-Å
kw-hn-[m-\w sa-¨-s¸-Sp-¯p--Xn-sâ `m-K-am-bn FÃm {][m-\ hn-t\m-Zk-©m-c tI-
{µ-§-fnepw Sq-dn-Ìv hmÀU³ ]²-Xn \-S-¸n-em-¡pw. hn-Zym-k-¼-cpw sXm-gnÂ-c-ln-X-cpam-b X-
t±-i-hm-kn-I-fn \n-v Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸v sX-c-sª-Sp-¯v ]-cn-io-e-\hpw Aw-Ko-Im-chpw \-ev-In
\n-tbm-Kn-¡p- Cu hmÀ-UÀ-am-cn ]-Ip-Xn kv-{Xo-I-fm-bn-cn-¡pw. Ch-sc Un.-än-.]n-.kn-bv-¡p
Iogntem Un.-Fw.-kn-.bv-¡p Iogntem hn-\y-kn-¡pw. H-cp hn-t\m-Zk©m-c tI-{µ-s¯ {]iv-\cln-X-am¡n
(hassle free) \n-e-\nÀ-¯p-hm³ B-h-iyam-b k-lm-b-§fpw \nÀ-t±-i-§-fpw C-hÀ
k-µÀ-i-IÀ¡pw Xt±-ihm-kn-IÄ¡pw \-ev-Ipw.
12

5.17 I-−n³-P³-kn sdkv-t]m¬-kv sk (CRC)
5.17.1 hn-t\m-Zk-©m-cnI-sf _m-[n-¡p- A-Sn-b´n-c km-l-N-cy-§Ä t\-cn-Sp--Xn-\mbn,
A¯-cw B-I-kv-an-I kµÀ`-§-fn A-Sn-b-´n-c-am-bn C-S-s]-Sm³ ]-cym-]-v-Xamb
'I−n³-P³-kn sdkv-t]m¬-kv skÂ' Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸v kwØm-\ X-e-¯n cq-]o-I-cn-
¡pw. Cu skÃn-\v A-Sn-b´n-c km-l-N-cy-§Ä t\-cn-Sm³ B-h-iyam-b Po-h-\-¡mscbpw
A-SnØm-\ ku-I-cy-§fpw \-ev-Ipw.
5.18 lÀ-¯m-ep-I-fn \npw Sq-dn-kw ta-Je-sb H-gn-hm-¡pI
5.18.1 hn-t\m-Zk-©m-cn-IÄ-¡v Kp-cp-X-c-am-b A-ku-I-cy-§-fpw km-¼¯nIþk-a-b \-ã-
§fpw D-−m-¡p- lÀ-¯m-ep-I-fn \n-v Sq-dn-kw ta-Je-sb H-gn-¨p \nÀ-¯p-hm³
Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸v cm-{ão-b I-£n-I-fp-ambpw sXm-gn-em-fn kw-L-S-\-I-fp-ambpw NÀ-¨-IÄ
Xp-S-§pw.
6. k-aq-lhpw hn-t\m-Zk-©m-c-hpw (Community and Tourism)
Xt±ihmknIfpsS ]¦mfn¯hpw AwKoImchpw Sqdnk¯n\v \nÀ®mbIamWv. GsXmcp
Sqdnkw tI{µ¯nsâbpw hnIk\w Xt±ihmknIÄ¡v km¼¯nIþkmaqlnIþ
]mcnØnXnI Xe¯n {]tbmP\s¸SWw. IqSpX sXmgnehkc§Ä krjvSn¡m³
km¼¯nI e£y¯n\v (economic objective) Du \ÂIWw. CXn\p]pdsa
IpSpw_§sfbpw hyànIsfbpw Sqdnkw hyhkmb¯n\mhiyamb DÂ]§Ä
\nÀ½n¡m\pw hnXcWw sN¿m\pw {]m]vXcm¡pIbpw, A§s\ km[mcW P\§Ä¡v
Sqdnk¯n \npw ]camh[n {]tbmP\§Ä e`yam¡pIbpw sN¿Ww. kmaqlnI,
]mcnØnXnI Xe¯nÂ, Zqjy^e§Ä Ipdbv¡phm\pw kaql¯n\v {]IrXn, kwkvImcw,
]mc¼cyw Fnhbpambn s]mcp¯s¸«p Pohn¡m³ km²yam¡phm\pw \S]SnsbSp¡pw.
ta¸dª Dt±ie£y§Ä iàns¸Sp¯phm\pw \S¸nem¡phm\pw Bhiyamb
kwhn[m\§Ä GÀs¸Spt¯−Xp−v. Cu e£yt¯mSpIqSnbmWv tIcf¯nÂ
D¯chmZnXzSqdnkw {]hÀ¯\§Ä cq]IÂ]\ sNbvXv \S¸nem¡phcpXv.
6.1 k-aq-l-hpw, km-¼¯n-I t\-«-§-fpw
6.1.1 sXm-gn-e-h-k-c§Ä, {]m-tZin-I D-ev-]--§Ä Xp-S§n-b Im-cy-§-fn Sq-dn-kw hy-h-kmb-¯n-sâ
B-h-iy-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨v X-t±io-b k-aq-l-s¯bpw {]m-tZ-in-I-am-bn e-`y-am-hp-
ssh-Z-Kv-[y-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pw {]-tZ-i-hm-kn-IÄ-¡p sXm-gn \-ev-Ip--Xn-sâbpw {]m-tZ-in-Iam-bn
D-ev-]--§Ä I-s−-¯p--Xn-sâbpw {]-tbm-P-\-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨v Sq-dn-kw hy-h-km-b-
¯n\pw a\Ênem¡ns¡mSp¡pw.
13

6.1.2 X-t±io-b D-ev-]--§Ä e-`y-am-¡p--Xn-\v A\p-tbm-Pyam-b A-´-co-£w kr-ãn-¡p--
Xn-\m-bn Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸v, X-t±io-b Øm-]-\-§Ä, kz-bw klm-b kw-L-S-\IÄ (self
help groups), F³.Pn.H.IÄ, IÀ-j-I Iq-«m-bv-a-IÄ, Irjn, ar-K-kw-c-£Ww, h-\w, aÕy-
_Ô-\w F-o h-Ip-¸p-I-fp-ambn tbm-Pn-¨v {]-hÀ-¯n¡pw.
6.1.3 Xt±io-b kw-c-w`-I-cp-sS t{]m-Õm-l-\-¯n-\m-bv h-Ip-¸v sX-c-sª-Sp-¡-s¸-« Ø-e-§-
fn Hm¬-{S-s{]-\À-jn-¸v sU-h-e-¸-saâv t{]m-{Kmw kw-L-Sn-¸n¡pw.
6.2 kaq-lhpw km-aq-lyþkmw-kv-Imcn-I h-i-§fpw
6.2.1 A\yw \n-p t]m-b-tXm, t]m-hp--tXm B-b I-emcq-]§-sf I-s−-¯n Ah-sb ]p-\-
cp²cn¡pXn\pw A-h-bp-sS X\-Xp ssi-enbpw B-[n-Im-cn-I-Xbpw kw-c-£n-¡phm\pw
h-Ip-¸v {i-an-¡pw.
6.2.2 ss]-Xr-I hnI-k-\ ]-²-Xn-IÄ-¡v Iq-Sp-XÂ {]m-apJyw \Â-Ipw. C-Xn\mbn kmw-kv-
Imcn-I h-Ip-¸p-am-bn tNÀ-v ss]-XrI sI-«n-S-§-fp-sS \-ho-I-c-Whpw ]p-\-cp-²mcWhpw
\-S-¯pw.
6.2.3 kmaq-ly-t£aw, hn-Zym-`ymkw, \n-baw, B-`y-´cw, B-tcm-Kyw, Sq-dn-kw F-o h-Ip-¸p-
I-fn-se D-t±ym-KØ-cpambn tNÀv {Sm^n¡nwKv (trafficking) apXemb \nbahncp²
{]hÀ¯\§Äs¡Xnsc H-cp IÀ-½tk-\ cq-]oI-cn-¡pw. Cu IÀ½ tk\bneqsS
{Sm^n¡nwKv, _me]oU\w, ab¡pacpv XpS§nbhbvs¡Xnsc \S]SnIfpw
]²XnIfpw {]mtbmKnIam¡pw.
6.3 D-¯-c-hm-Zn-¯ Sq-dnk-s¯ _-e-s¸-Sp-¯epw t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n-¡-epw
6.3.1 tIm-hfw, Ip-a-cIw, tX-¡Sn, h-b-\m-Sv F-n-hn-S-§-fn-se ]-co-£-W ]-²-Xn-I-fnÂ
\n-p ]mT-apÄ-s¡m-−v D-¯-c-hm-Zn-¯ Sq-dn-kw ]-cn-]m-Sn-sb tI-c-f-sa-¼mSpw hym-]n-¸n-
¡p-hm³ \-S-]-Sn-I-sf-Sp-¡pw.
6.3.2 D-¯-c-hm-Zn-¯ Sq-dn-kw ]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ ]n-´p-S-cp- Øm-]-\§-sf Xn-cn-¨-dn-ªv Ah-sb
t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n-t¡-−-Xm-h-iy-amWv. B-tKm-f kpØn-c hn-t\m-Z k©m-c am-\-Z-Þ-§-
f-\p-k-cn-¨v Sq-dn-kw tk-h-\-Zm-Xm¡-sf X-cw Xn-cn-¡p--Xn-\m-bn D-¯-c-hm-Zn-¯ Sq-dn-kw
¢mÊn^nt¡j³ (Responsible Tourism classification) ]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ B-hn-jv-I-cn-¡p-
Ibpw t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN-¿pw. {Kmao-W ta-J-e-I-fn-ep-Å Xn-c-sª-Sp-¡-¸-«
bq-Wn-äp-I-fn 30 i-X-am-\-sa-¦nepw ]-¯v hÀ-j Im-e-b-f-hn-\p-Ån RT ¢m-kn-ss^-Uv
bq-Wn-äp-IÄ B-bn am-äpw.
14

6.3.3 Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸n-sâ-bpw, Xt±-i kz-bw`-c-Wh-Ip-¸n-sâbpw, kz-bw klm-b kw-L-§-fpsSbpw
Sq-dn-kw hy-h-km-b-¯n-sâbpw, F³.Pn.H.I-fp-sSbpw, ImÀjn-I ar-K-kwc-£-W
h-Ip-¸n-sâbpw, a-Õy_-Ô-\ h-Ip-¸n-sâbpw {]-Xn-\n-[nI-sf DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n kwØm-\ X-
e-¯n tI-c-f D-¯-c-hm-Zn-¯ Sq-dn-kw IÀ-½tk-\ cq-]o-I-cn-¡pw.
6.4 Xt±-i kz-bw`-c-W Øm-]-\-§-fp-sS k-{In-b]-¦m-fn-¯w
6.4.1 hn-t\m-Z k-©m-c-tI-{µ-§-fn Sq-dn-kw ]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ B-hn-jv-I-cn-¡p--Xnepw hn-I-kn-
¸n-¡p--Xnepw Xt±-i kz-bw`-c-W-Øm-]-\-§Ä-¡p \nÀ-®m-b-I ]-¦p h-ln-¡m³ I-gnbpw.
Sq-dn-kw hnI-k-\ ]-cn-]m-SnI-sf Xt±-i kz-bw`-c-W Øm-]-\-§-fp-sS a-äp
hnI-k\ ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fp-am-bn kw-tbm-Pn-¸n-¡pw. hn-t\m-Zk-©m-c-¯n-\v {]m-[m-\y-ap-Å
ta-J-e-I-fn Sq-dn-kw hÀ-¡n-§v {Kq-¸v cq]oI-cn-¡pXn\v Xt±-i Øm-]-\§-sf
t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n-¡p-Ibpw k-lm-bn-¡p-Ibpw sN-¿pw.
6.4.2 tI-c-f-¯n-se {][m-\ hn-t\m-Zk-©m-c B-IÀ-j-W-§-sfÃmw {]-Ir-Xn-bp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-
«-h-bm-sW-n-cn-s¡ hn-t\m-Zk©m-c tI-{µ hn-I-k-\-¯n-\v B-kq-{X-W-anÃm-sX
\-S-¯p- B-I-kvan-I ]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ Sq-dn-kw h-fÀ¨-sb _m-[n-¡p- Kp-cp-X-cam-b {]-iv-
\-amWv. ]-©mb-¯v cm-Pv \n-b-a-a-\p-k-cn-¨v hnI-k-\ {]-hÀ-¯-\§-sf \n-b-{´n-¡p-hm-
\p-Å ]qÀ-® A-[n-Im-cw Xt±-i Øm-]-\-§-fn \n-£n-]v-X-amWv. am-ÌÀ ¹m-\pIÄ, hni-Zam-b
Su¬ ¹m-\nw-Kv ]-²-XnIÄ, tI-c-f ap-\n-kn-¸Â sI«n-S \nÀ½m-W N-«§Ä
(Kerala Municipal Building Rules) C-h-bm-Wv G-Xp {]-tZ-i-¯n-sâbpw hn-I-k\-s¯ \nb-{´n-¡p-hm\pw
{I-ao-I-cn-¡p-hm\pw D-Å D-]-I-c-W§Ä. {]-tXy-I-X-I-fp-Å H-cp
{]-tZi-s¯ {]-tXy-I ta-J-e-bm-bn Xn-cn-¡p-hm\pw B {]-tZ-i-¯n-\p am-{X-am-bn
{]-tXy-I \nÀ-t±-i-§Ä cq-]o-I-cn-¨p hn-Ik-\w \n-b-{´n-¡m-\p-ap-Å hy-h-Ø-IÄ Su¬
B³-Uv I¬{Sn ¹m-\nw-Kv B-În-ep−v. Cu ]-Ým-¯-e-¯n Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸v Su¬
I¬{Sn ¹m-\nw-Kv h-Ip¸v, Xt±-i kz-bw`-c-W Øm-]-\-§Ä C-h-bp-am-bn tNÀ-v
hn-t\m-Zk©m-c {]m-[m-\y-ap-Å Ø-e-§Ä Xn-cn-¨-dn-ªv A-h-bpsS DÄ-s¡mÅÂ
tijn a-\-Ên-em-¡n A-h-bp-sS kw-c-£-W-¯n\pw ]-cn-]m-e-\-¯n-\p-ap-Å {]-tXy-I \nÀt±-i-§Ä
X-¿m-dm-¡n \-S-¸n-em-¡p--XmWv. Sq-dn-kw {]m-[m-\y-ap-Å {]-tZ-i-§Ä-¡m-bn
{]-tXy-I {]-tZ-i-hnI-k-\ ]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ X-¿m-dm-¡n \-S-¸n-em-¡p- Im-cy-¯n Su¬
B³-Uv I¬{Sn ¹m-\nw-Kv h-Ip-¸p-am-bn ]-¦p tN-cpw.
15

7. \nt£]m\pIqe A´-co£w krjvSn-¡Â
kwØm-\-¯nsâ km¼-¯nI hnI-k\w Xzcn-X-s¸-Sp-¯p--Xn hnt\m-Z-k-©m-c- ta-J-ebpsS
{]m[m\yw Xncn-¨-dnªv 1986þ Xs kÀ¡mÀ hnt\m-Z-k-©m-c- ta-J-esb Hcp
hyh-km-b-ambn {]Jym-]n-¨p. ta¯«p kuI-cy-§fpw (super structure) ASn-Øm\
kuI-cyhpw GsXmcp hnt\m-Z-k-©mc tI{µs¯ kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯m-fhpw Gähpw {][m-\-
s¸-«-h-bm-Wv. kÀ¡m-cn-sâbpw kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bp-sSbpw Iq«mbvabmWv tIc-f-¯n- hnt\m-Z
k-©m-c -ta-J-e-bpsS hnP-b-¯n-\-Sn-Øm-\w. kÀ¡mÀ Hcp s^kn-en-tä-ädpw (facilitator)
Iymä-enÌpw (catalyst) Bbn {]hÀ¯n¨v kzIm-cy-\n-t£-]-¯n\v A\p-Iq-e-amb A´-co£w
krjvSn-¡p-p. kwØm-\-¯nsâ `qan-im-kv{X-]camb khn-ti-j-X-IÄ IW-¡n-se-Sp¯v
sNdp-In-S-þ-C-S-¯cw \nt£-]-§Ä¡mWv ap³Xq¡w \ÂIp--Xv. kpØn-c-hn-I-k-\-¯n-eq-nbpÅ
kzImcy \nt£-]-§Ä¡v kÀ¡mÀ {]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ \ÂIn hcp-p.
7.1 10 tImSn cq]bv¡v ap-I-fn-epÅ hnt\m-Z-k-©mc ]²-Xn-IÄ¡v A\p-a-Xn-¡mbn AXnthK
¢nb-d³kv kwhn-[m\w
7.1.1 10 tImSn cq]bv¡v apI-fn-epÅ Sq-dn-kw ]²-Xn-IÄ¡v s]s«v A\p-aXn \evIp--Xn-
\mbn \ne-hn-ep-Å kw-hn-[m-\-hp-am-bn kw-tbm-Pn-¸n-¨v AXn-thK ¢nb-d³kv kwhn-
[m\w \-S-¸n-em¡pw.
7.2 D¯-c-hm-Zn¯ hnt\m-Z-k-©mc {]hÀ¯\§Ä t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-hm³ ]pXnb
k_vknUn kwhn-[m-\w
7.2.1 D¯-c-hm-Zn¯ hnt\m-Z-k-©m-c- {]hÀ¯\§sf t{]mÂkm-ln-¸n-¡m-\mbn B\p-Iq-ey-
§Ä \ÂIpw. \ne-hn-epÅ \nt£] k_vknUn ]²-Xn-IÄ 2013 HmsS ]n³h-en-¡pw.
BsI \nt£-]-¯nsâ 15% hscbpw Fm ]c-am-h[n 20 e£w cq]- hsc \evIns¡m−v
D¯-c-hm-Zn¯ hnt\m-Z-k-©mc \nt£-]-IÀ¡v ]pXnb k_vknUn ]²Xn
cq]oIcn¡pXmWv.
7.2.2 D¯c-hm-Zn-¯ hn-t\m-Z-k-©m-c-¯n-\p Io-gn ¢mÊn^nt¡j³ e`n¨n«pÅ kw-c-w`-
§Ä-¡v B-Zy-s¯ A-©v hÀ-j-t¯-¡v hym-h-kmbn-I \n-c-¡n ssh-Zyp-Xn \Â-Ipw.
7.3 tkh-\-Zm-Xm-¡Ä¡v hn]-W\ klmbw
7.3.1 SqÀ Hm¸-td-j³, tlmwtÌ, kÀÆo-kv-Uv hnÃ, BbpÀthZ taJ-e-I-fnse ]pXnb
kwcw`-IÀ¡v tZiob, A´Àt±-iob {]Nm-cW ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn ]s¦-Sp-¡p--Xn-tebv¡mbn
BZys¯ aqv hÀj-§-fn-te¡v {]tXyI B\p-Iqey§Ä \ÂIpXn\pÅ
]²Xn X¿mdm¡pw. Cu B\pIqey§Ä {]XnhÀjw Hcp {]mtZinI s^bdn\pw Hcp
A´mcmjv{S s^bdn\pw am{Xambncn¡pw e`n¡pI. A´m-cmjv{S t{SUv s^b-dp-I-
16

fn ]s¦-Sp-¡m³ C¯cw Øm]-\-§Ä¡v bm{Xbv¡pw s{]mtam-j-W saäo-cn-b-ep-
IÄ¡pambn sNe-hm-Ip XpI-bpsS 25 iX-am\w (]-c-am-h[n 75,000 cq]) Sqdnkw
hIp¸v hln-¡p--Xm-Wv. cmPy-¯n-\-I-¯pÅ t{SUv s^b-dp-I-fn ]s¦-Sp-¡p--Xn-
\mbn 50,000 cq]-bpw \ÂIpw. Bdv hS-¡³ PnÃ-I-fnse (Im-kÀtKm-Uv, I®qÀ, hb-
\m-Sv, tImgn-t¡m-Sv, ae-¸p-dw, ]me-¡m-Sv) 30 apdn-I-fn Xmsg-bpÅ sNdp-In-S-þ-C-S-¯cw
As¡m-a-tU-j³ bqWn-äp-IÄ¡pw, th¼-\mSv Imb Hgn-sI-bp-Ån-S-§-fnse ]pXnb
lukvt_m«v kwcw-`-IÀ¡pw Cu B\p-Iq-ey-¯n\v AÀlXbp−mbncn¡pw.
7.4 tlmwtÌ-IÄ¡v dkn-U³jy Xmcn^v
7.4.1 kwØm-\¯v tlmwtÌ kwhn-[m\w t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-hm-\mbn dkn-U³jyÂ
Xmcn^v \nc-¡n tlmwtÌ-IÄ¡v sshZyp-Xnbpw shÅhpw sI.Fkv.C._n, hm«À
AtXmdnän Fo hIp¸pIfpambn klIcn¨v e`y-am-¡pw.
8. Xt±-io-bhpw A´Àt±-io-b-hp-amb hnt\m-Z-k-©mc amÀs¡äpIfnÂ
tIc-fs¯ {it²-b-amb Hcp BtKmf {_m³Uv Bbn DbÀ¯n-s¡m-−p-h-cn-I
90----þIfpsS BZyw apX¡p Xs bqtdm-¸n \npÅ, {]tXy-In¨v bp.-sI., PÀ½-\n,
{^m³kv XpS-§nb cmPy-§-fn \npÅ A´Àt±-iob hnt\m-Z-k-©m-cn-I-fn-em-Wv tIcfw
{i² sNep-¯n-bn-cp--Xv. Fm Ignª Ipd¨p hÀj-§-fn- temIw t\cn« km¼-¯nI
amµyw bqtdm-¸n \npÅ hnt\m-Z-k-©m-cn-I-fpsS F®-¯n KWy-amb Ipdhv sIm−ph-p.
CXv {]mtZ-inI hnt\mZk©m-cn-Isf BIÀjn-¡p-hm-\mbnv Xo{h {]Nm-c-W-]-cn-]m-Sn-
IÄ XpS-§p-hm³ t{]cn-¸n-¨p. ap³]v A´Àt±-io-bhpw {]mtZ-in-I-hp-amb hnt\mZ-k-©mc
hn]-W-\-¯n-\mbn amän h¨ ^−nsâ A\p-]mXw 70:30 Fn-§s\bmbn-cp-p. FmÂ
CXv {]mtZ-inI hnt\m-Z-k-©m-c-¯n\v Du \ÂIn-s¡m−v 50:50 F A\p-]m-X-¯nte¡v
DbÀ¯n-bn-cn-¡p-p.
Ignª Zim-_vZ-¯n tIc-f-¯n-te-bv¡pÅ hnt\mZk©m-cn-IfpsS BK-a\ \nc¡v
]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦n AXn {]Xn-hÀjw 12% hfÀ¨ ImWp-hm³ km[n¡pw.
Ignª hÀjs¯ am{Xw IW¡v ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦n \½psS kwØm\w
6.5 e£w hntZi k©m-cnIsf kzoI-cn-¨-Xmbn ImWmw. {]tXyIw X¿m-dm-¡nb Xo{h hn]-
W\ X{´-§Ä ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-t¼mÄ {]Xn-hÀj hfÀ¨m\nc¡v 15% B¡n DbÀ¯p-hm-\mWv
e£an«ncn-¡p--Xv. CXn-eqsS 2021 Bhp-t¼m-tg¡pw hntZi k©m-cn-I-fpsS F®w
30 e£w B¡m³ Ignbpw FmWv hnizm-kw. Ignª Zim-_vZ-¯nse Xt±-iob k©m-cn-
I-fpsS kµÀi-\-¯nse {]Xn-hÀj icm-icn hfÀ¨m \nc¡v 4.5% BWv. 2010þ 86 e£w
Xt±-iob hnt\m-Z-k-©m-cn-I-fmWv tIc-f-¯n h-Xv. ASp¯ Zim-_vZ-¡m-e-t¯¡v
e£ywsh¡p {]Xn-hÀj icm-icn hfÀ¨m\nc¡v 7% BWv. CXneqsS 2021 Bhp-t¼mtg¡pw
180 e£w Xt±-iob hnt\mZk©m-cn-Isf ChnsS F¯n¡pw FmWv hniz-kn-¡p-
-Xv.
17

8.1 \ne-hn-epÅ A´Àt±-iob hn]-Wnsb _e-s¸-Sp-¯pI
8.1.1 2010þse ØnXn-hn-h-c-¡-W-¡p-IÄ A\p-k-cn¨v tIc-f-¯nsâ \ne-hn-epÅ hn]-W\
Dd-hn-S-§Ä bp.-sI. (23.7%), bp.-F-kv.F (10.8%), {^m³kv (9.8%), PÀ½\n (7.6%),
Hmkvt{Senb (5.6%) Fn-h-bm-Wv. \ne-hn Cu hn]-Wn-Isf Hpw Xs Ah-bpsS
]c-am-h[n D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-nà Fp thWw ]d-bm³. Cu hn]-Wn-Isf FÃmw Xs
AXnsâ ]c-am-h[n D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p--Xn-\mbn AXmXp hn]-Wn-I-fpsS kz`mhw
a\-Ên-em-¡n-s¡m−v {]tXyI \b-§Ä cq]o-I-cn-¡pw.
8.2 ]pXn-b-Xmbn DbÀp hcp BtKmf hn]-Wn-bpsS ]c-am-h[n D]-tbm-Kw
8.2.1 bp.-F-kv.-F, kvIm³Un-t\-hnb, djy, ssN\, Z£n--Wm-{^n-¡, a-t[yjy, atejy XpS-
§nb cmPy-§Ä tIc-f-¯n\p ]pXn-b-Xmbn DbÀp hcp hn]-Wn-I-fm-sW-¦nepw
Gsd km[y-X-bp-Å-h-bm-Wv. Fm km¼-¯nI sRcp¡w aqew AwKo-IrX bqtdm-
]y³ hn]-Wn-I-fn am{X-ambn \½psS hn]-W-\-{i-a-§Ä Npcp-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. taÂ
]dª Øe-§-fn IqSn \½psS hn]-W-\-{i-a-§Ä hym]n¸n¡pw. CXn-eqsS tIc-f-
¯nse hnt\mZk©mc tI{µ-§Ä ta ]dª k©m-cn-Isf ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯pw.
{lkz-þ-ZoÀL-Ime k©m-cn-IÄ¡mbn {]tXyI \b-§Ä cq]-h-Xv¡-cn-¡pw.
8.3 \ne-hn-epÅ Xt±-iob hn]-Wn-I-fpsS D]-tbm-Kw
8.3.1 Xan-gv\m-Sv, IÀWm-S-I, B{Ôm-{]-tZiv Fo kwØm-\-§Ä BWv tIc-f-¯nsâ
apJy-amb {]mtZ-inI hn]-Wn-IÄ Fv ]T-\-§Ä hyà-am-¡p-p. hSt¡ C´ybntebpw,
a²y C´ybntebpw hn]-Wn-IÄ th− hn[w {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«nÃ
FmWv Cu ]T-\-§Ä sXfn-bn-¡p--Xv. ]pXn-b-Xmbn hcp Cu Xt±-iob hn]-Wn-
Isf IqSn DÄs¡m-Ån-¨p-sIm-−mhpw Xo{h hn]-W\ \b-§Ä XpSÀp sIm−p
t]mhp-I.
8.3.2 CS-¡m-e¯p-−mb Øe-ku-I-cy-§-fpsS hÀ²\hv IW-¡n-se-Sp¯v tIcfs¯ Hcp
MICE amÀ¡-ämbn DbÀ¯n-s¡m−p htc-−-Xp-−v. tIcfs¯ MICE _nkn-\Êv taJe-bnÂ
Xo{h hn]-W\w sN¿p--Xn-\mbn Sqdnkw hyh-km-b-¯nsâ ]¦m-fn-
¯t¯mSpIqSn tIcf I¬sh³j³ {]tam-j³ _yqtdm (KCPB) cq]-h-Xv¡-cn¡pw.
8.4 hn]Wn ]T\w (Market Research)
8.4.1 \ne-hn-epÅ hnt\mZ-k-©mcnI-fpsS ØnXn hnhc IW-¡p-IÄ tiJ-cn-¡p coXn
hn]-W\ \b-§Ä cq]o-I-cn-¡p--Xnt\m hn]-Wn-bn Kth-jWw \S-¯p--Xnt\m
Bh-iy-amb hni-Zmw-i-§Ä \evIp-n-Ã. hnt\mZk©m-cn-IÄ¡mbn XmakkuIcyw
18

Hcp-¡p--h-cpsS klm-b-t¯msS Ah-cpsS hnh-c-§Ä tiJ-cn¨v AXp-IqSn DÄs¸-Sp-
¯n-s¡m−v Cu kwhn-[m-\s¯ kpZr-V-am-¡mw.
8.4.2 {][m\ hn]Wn t{kmX-ÊpI-fn \npw tIc-f-¯n-te¡v t\cn-«pÅ hnam-\-bm{Xm
kuIcyw Hcp-¡p--Xnsâ Bh-iy-I-X-sb-¡p-dn¨v Sqdnkw hIp¸v ]T\w \S-¯pw.
8.5 CâÀs\äv A[n-jvTnX hn]-W\ X{´-§Ä _e-s¸-Sp¯pw
8.5.1. hÀj-§-fmbn tIcfw hnh-c-km-t¦-XnI hnZysb hnP-b-I-c-ambn Xs D]-tbm-Kn-
¨phcp-p. tIcfm Sqdn-k-¯nsâ hfÀ¨-bv¡mbn Sqdnkw hIp¸v ‘tkmjy amÀ¡-
änwKv SqÄkv’ ]-cam-h[n {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯pw.
8.6 hntZik©m-cn-I-fpsS icm-icn Xma-k-¡m-e-b-fhv hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-I
8.6.1 Hcp hntZ-i-k-©m-cn-bpsS icm-icn Xma-k-¡m-e-b-fhv 16 Znh-k-ambn IW-¡m-¡p-p.
icm-icn Xma-k-¡m-e-b-fhv 21 Znh-k-ambn hÀ²n-¸n-¡pXn\p-th−n aÄ«n FIvkv]ocn-b³kv
]mt¡Ppw t{]mUIväpw hnI-kn-¸n-¡p--Xn-\mbn Sqdnkw hyh-km-bs¯
klm-bn-¡p-Ibpw t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw.
8.7 tIc-fs¯ kÀÆIme hnt\mZk©m-c -tI{µw (all season destination) Bbn
hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-I
8.7.1 \½psS hnt\mZk©mc D¸--§-sf {][m\ hn]-Wn-I-fp-ambn s]mcp-¯-s¸-Sp-¯p-
-Xn-\m-bpw, EXp-t`Z LS-I-§Ä kqNn-¸n-¡p--Xn\p th−n Sqdnkw hIp¸v Hcp
‘t{]mUIväv amÀ¡äv kok-Wm-enän sa{SnIvkv’ hnIkn¸n-¡pw. CXv tIc-fs¯ ‘kÀÆ-
Ime sUÌn-t\-j³’ Bbn amdp-hm³ klm-bn-¡pw. BbpÀ-thZw, Im-b-temcw,
km-lkn-I hn-t\m-Z-bm-{X, MICE, sa-Un-¡Â Sq-dn-kw F-nh-sb {]-tXy-I Sq-dn-kw
DÂ-¸-\-§-fmbn- t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n-¡p-I-bpw t]m-jn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN-¿pw.
8.8 ]pXnb hnt\mZk©mc tI{µ-§-fpsS {]N-cWw
8.8.1 t_¡Â, hb-\mSv XpS-§nb ]pXn-b-Xmbn DbÀp hcp- hnt\m-Z-k-©m-c-tI-{µ-
§Ä¡pth−n \ho\ {]N-cW {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä Sqdnkw hIp¸v Bcw-`n-¡pw.
8.9 Sqdnkw amÀ¡-änw-Kn-\mbn Hcp SmkvIv t^mgvkv
\ho\ hn]-W\ \b-§Ä cq]o-I-cn-¡p--Xn-\p-th−n s]mXp-þ-kz-Im-cy-ta-J-e-bpsS kl-IcWw
XpSÀp-sIm-−p-t]m-Ip--Xn-\mbn Hcp ‘SmkvIv t^mgvkv t^mÀ amÀ¡änwKv’
cq]hXv¡-cn-¡pw.
19

9. Sqdnkwþtlmkv]n-äm-enän taJ-e-I-fn am\h hn`-h-tijn hÀ²n-¸n-¡pI
Sqdnkwþtlmkv]n-äm-enän taJ-e-I-fn ]cn-io-e\w e`n¨ sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS Bh-iy-I-Xbpw
e`y-Xbpw X½n-epÅ A´cw hfsc hep-Xm-Wv. Cu taJ-e-I-fn am\-h-hn-`-h-tijn (HR)
bpsS Bh-iy-IX {]Xn-hÀjw GI-tZiw c−p e£w BsW-¦nepw \ne-hnse e`yX 12,000
am{X-am-Wv. \½psS kwØm-\s¯ Sqdnkw taJ-e-bnse HRD sb¡p-dn¨v hni-Z-am-sbmcp
]T\w \S-¯n. AXn \npw {SmhÂþSqdnkwþtlm-kv]n-äm-enän taJ-e-I-fnepÅ hnZym-
`ymk kwhn-[m-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Nne {]k-à-amb \nco-£-W-§Ä Dcp-¯n-cnªp hp.
AXn Nne \nco-£-W-§Ä NphsS:
• {SmhÂ-þ-Sq-dnkwþtlm-kv]n-äm-enän taJ-e-bnse tPmen km[y-X-Isf¡pdn¨v P\-
§sf t_m[-hm-·m-cm-t¡-−Xp hfsc AXym-h-iy-am-bn-cn-¡p-p.
• Cu hnZym-`ymk k{¼-Zm-b-¯n s]mXp-hm-sbmcp \ne-hm-chpw GIo-I-c-Whpw
sFIyhpw sIm−p-h-tc-−-Xp-−v.
• Xr]vXn-I-c-a-Ãm¯ thX-\hpw A[nI {iaw Bh-iy-amb sXmgn kml-N-cyhpw
ImcWw Cu taJ-e-bnte¡v IqSp-XÂ Bfp-IÄ ISp hcp-n-Ã.
Hu]-Nm-cn-Ihpw A\u-]-Nm-cn-I-hp-amb sXmgn km[y-X-IÄ Sqdnkw taJ-e-bn Ds−-
¦nepw A\u-]-Nm-cn-I-amb sXmgn-ep-IÄ¡mWv Gsd {]m[m\yw. \ne-hn Cu taJ-e-bnse
HR Bh-iy-IX ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡p-Xv tIcfm C³Ìn-äyq«v Hm^v Sqdnkw B³Uv {SmhÂ
ÌUokpw (KITTS) tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v Hm^v tlmkv]n-äm-enän amt\-Pvsaâpw (SIHM) C³Ìnäyq«v
Hm^v tlm«Â amt\-Pvsaâv B³Uv Imä-dnwKv sSIvt\m-fPnbpw (IHMCT) ^pUv
{Im^väv C³Ìn-äyq«pw (FCI) IqSmsX H«-\-h[n kzIm-cy-Øm-]-\-§-fp-am-Wv.
9.1. KITTS–s\ am\-h-hn-`h hnI-k-\-¯nsâ As]Ivkv Øm]-\-ambn DbÀ¯p-I
9.1.1 Sqdnkw hIp-¸nsâbpw hyh-km-b-¯n-sâbpw HR Bh-iy-IX \nd-th-äp--Xn-\mbn
KITTS–s\ As]Ivkv (Apex) Øm]-\-am¡pw. hnZym-`ymk kw_-Ô-amb Imcy-§Ä
\nÀÆ-ln-¡p--Xn\p ]pdta Sqdnkw taJ-e-bnse am\-h-hn-`-h-ti-jn-bpsS \ne-hmcw
DbÀ¯p--Xn-\mbn Xmsg ]d-bp Imcy-§Ä IqSn KITTS \nÀÆ-ln-¡p-w.
• seäkv te¬ F t]cn tkh-\-Zm-Xm-¡Ä¡mbn ]cn-io-e-\hpw ‘I¸m-knän
_nÂUnwKv t{]m{Kmapw’ \S-¯pw. hcp 5 hÀj-¯n-\p-Ån Cu kvIoan Ipd-
ªXv 25,000 Poh-\-¡mÀs¡-¦nepw ]cnio-e\w \ÂIpw.
• hnt\m-Z-k-©m-c-ta-J-e-bnse hnhn[ hi-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v ]Tn-¡p--Xn-\mbn Hcp
{]tXyI Kth-jW hn`mKw Xs XpS-§pw.
20

• Sqdnkw hyh-km-b-¯nse HR Bh-iy§Ä \nI-¯p-hm³ \ne-hm-c-apÅ hnZym-
`ymkw Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p--Xn-\p-th−n (C-QUEST–Iu¬kn t^mÀ Izmfnän FPyqt¡-j³
knÌw C³ Sqdnkw) F t]cn Hcp ]pXnb kanXn cq]o-I-cn-¡pw.
• Sqdnkw hyh-km-b-¯n\p DX-Ip ]mTy-]-²-Xn-bpw, tImgvkpw X¿m-dm-¡p--Xn\v
KITTS t\XrXzw \ÂIpw. Sqdnkw tImgvkv \ÂIp aäp hnZym-`ymk Øm]-\-
§Ä¡v KITTS kmt¦XnI klm-b-§Ä \ÂIpw. CXn BÀSvkv B³Uv kb³kv
tImtf-Pp-Ifpw DÄs¸-Spw. ‘^m¡Ä«n sUh-e-]vsaâv t{]m{Kmw’ þ \mbn Øncamb -
kw-hn-[m\w GÀs¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sN¿pw.
• Sqdnkw taJ-e-bnse FÃm ]¦m-fn-IÄ (stakeholders)þ¡pw, ti-jn D-bÀ-¯Â
(capacity building)þ\pw ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ¡p-ambn KITTS Hcp RT kvIqÄ Bcw-
`n-¡pw. Hcp kvIqÄ F-Xn-ep-]cn Kth-j-IÀ¡pw, A²ym-]-IÀ¡pw, \b-cq-]o-IcWw
\S-¯p--hÀ¡pw Sqdnkw taJ-e-bn {]hÀ¯n-¡p--hÀ¡pw CXv Hcp
hnÚm\ t{kmX-Êmbn {]hÀ¯n-¡pw. Sqdn-kw ta-J-e-bn-se hn-Zym-`ym-khpw sXmgnÂ
km-[y-X-I-sfbpw Ip-dn-¨p-Å t_m-[-h-XvI-c-W ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fn KITTS ay-Jy-Øm-
\w h-ln-¡pw.
9.2 kmt¦-XnI hnZym-`ymk Øm]-\-§-fnse Sqdnkw hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ¯-\-§-fpsS
GIo-I-cWw
9.2.1 Ct¸mÄ, shmt¡-j-W lbÀ sk¡-−dn kvIqfp-Ifpw C³Ukv{Snb s{Sbn-\nwKv
C³Ìn-Ìyq-«p-Ifpw (ITI) sXc-sª-Sp¯ sXmgn taJ-e-I-fn tImgvkp-IÄ \ÂIp-
p. Cu C³Ìn-äyq-«p-I-fn Sqdnkw hyh-km-b-¯n-\p-X-Ip coXn-bn-epÅ tImgvkp-
IÄ \ÂIp-hm-\mbn t{]cn-¸n-¡pw.
9.2.2 Sqdnkw tImgvkp-IÄ \ÂIp kÀ¡mÀ Øm]-\-§Ä¡pw, FbvUUv Øm]-\-
§Ä¡pw IpSp-X sshZKv[yw Bh-iy-apÅ tImgvkp-IÄ sXmgn cln-X-cmb sNdp-
¸-¡mÀ¡v \ÂIp--Xn-\mbn t{]mÂkm-l\w \ÂIpw. CXn-\mbn Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW
Øm]-\-§fpw CXc hIp-¸p-I-fmb kmaq-ln-I-t£a hIp¸v, ]«nI PmXn þ ]«nI
hn`mK hIp¸v, bph-P\t£a hIp¸v Ch-bn \np-saÃmw ^−v kzcq-]n-¡pw.
9.2.3 Sqdnkw tlmkv]n-äm-enän taJ-e-I-fn tbmKy-cmb A²ym-]-I-cpsS A`mhw ]cn-l-cn-
¡p-hm-\mbn Cu hyh-km-b-¯n A\p-`-h-Ø-cmb hyàn-IÄ¡p {lkz-Ime So¨nwKv
tImgvkp-IÄ \ÂIpw.
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10. kwØm\ hnt\mZk©mc D]-tZ-iI kanXn (STAC)
10.1 tIc-fs¯ {]Y-a-amb hnt\mZk©mc taJ-e-bmbn DbÀ¯n-s¡m−p hcp-hm³ th−n
Sqdnkw hIp¸v kwØm\ hnt\mZk©mc D]-tZ-iI kanXn cq]o-I-cn-¡pw. Cu kanXn
hnt\m-Z-k-©m-c- tI-{µ-§-fpsS hnI-k-\w, hnt\mZk©mc DXv]--§-fpsS hnI-k\w,
hnt\m-Z-k-©mc hn]-W\ \b-§Ä, HR, hnt\mZk©mc Kth-jWw Fo taJ-e-IfnÂ
Sqdnkw hIp-¸n\p th− \nÀt±-i-§Ä \ÂIpw. Cu kan-Xn-bn \ma-\nÀt±iw
sN¿-s¸-Sp Sqdnkw hyh-km-b-¯nse ]¦m-fn-Ifpw Sqdn-k-¯nse hnhn[ SmkvIv
t^mgvÊn-sebpw Xnc-sª-Sp-¡-s¸« {]Xn-\n-[n-IÄ AwK-§Ä Bbn-cn-¡pw.
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