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<strong>RADIAL</strong><br />

WINTER/SPRING 2012<br />

1


<strong>RADIAL</strong><br />

JOURNAL OF RAIBC – THE CHARITY WORKING FOR RADIO<br />

AMATEURS WITH DISABILITIES<br />

Patron - The Lord Rix Kt CBE DL, G2DQU<br />

Vice Presidents – Alec Gaffin G0MWO and John Brown G3DVV<br />

CONTENTS<br />

YOUR COMMITTEE 3<br />

RAIBC CONTACTS 4<br />

RAIBC SERVICES AND NETS 5<br />

CHAIRS REPORT 8<br />

SECRETARY'S REPORT 11<br />

39 th AGM MINUTES 13<br />

TECHNICAL REPORT (1) KENWOOD TS-590S 22<br />

TECHNICAL REPORT (2) TALKING MULTIMETER 33<br />

RALLY REPORTS 35<br />

MISCELLANY 37<br />

Cover Picture: Searching for Signals!<br />

(A visit to a local TV Transmitter in West Wales)<br />

2


YOUR COMMITTEE<br />

RUSS G0OKD QUENTIN GW3BV ANDREW G8GNI<br />

CHRIS M5AGG KELVIN M0AID KEITH G7EDT<br />

MANDY 2E1GWO ALEC G0MWO TERRY G4EUM<br />

3


RAIBC CONTACTS<br />

Remember - the help line is free - 08000 141 743<br />

Chair<br />

Quentin Cruse, GW3BV 01970 639180<br />

Vice Chair and Rally Co-ordinator<br />

Keith Ruffel, G7EDT 01375 674 092<br />

Secretary<br />

Russell Bradley, G0OKD 08000 141 743<br />

Treasurer<br />

Andrew Thomas, G8GNI 01908 263758<br />

Radial Editor<br />

Ray Ricketts, GW7AGG 01970 611853<br />

Fund Raising<br />

Chris Ellis, M5AGG 01202 893 126<br />

Low-vision Liaison<br />

Kelvin Marsh, M0AID 01823 412 087<br />

Distribution Manager<br />

Amanda Higton, 2E1GWO 01773 783 658<br />

Equipment Manager<br />

Terry Baldwin G4UEM 01923-673534<br />

To contact any of the above, please visit the ‘Contacts’ page on the<br />

web site: www.<strong>raibc</strong>.org.uk<br />

The 2 newest members of the RAIBC committee are: Terry<br />

Baldwin G4UEM as Equipment Manager – who enjoys taking<br />

part in contests and is a member of the RSGB, GQRP Club and<br />

the UK Microwave Society, and Ray Ricketts GW7AGG as Radial<br />

Editor – who is a DRM for Ceredigion and Pembrokeshire,<br />

treasurer of the Aberystwyth Club and involved in RAYNET.<br />

4


RAIBC Services<br />

The RAIBC free helpline: 08000 141 743<br />

The RAIBC website at www.<strong>raibc</strong>.org.uk<br />

RAIBC members have access to a members only area on the<br />

website which enables them to download MP3 versions of the<br />

Reading Rattle.<br />

There is also the RAIBC Yahoo! Group. This is a rich source of<br />

advice and support. For more details see the website. To join,<br />

send a blank message to <strong>raibc</strong>-subscribe@yahoogroups.com"<br />

Radial: Our quarterly magazine.<br />

The Reading Rattle: This is an audio collection of the following<br />

publications Radial, RadCom, Practical Wireless, Radio User,<br />

Fists’ Keynote and CDXC Digest.<br />

In addition we have available in audio format:<br />

The Foundation, Intermediate and Advanced manuals and an<br />

8-disk video of an intermediate course with audio track.<br />

Instruction manuals for the Kenwood TS570, TS590, TS480,<br />

TMV71E, TMG707, and the Icom 703.<br />

(A vote of thanks to our readers Ian Spencer DJ0HF, Dave<br />

Brabbants, Bill Laurie, and Graham SV0XBA.)<br />

Morse practice discs<br />

There are regular RAIBC Nets.<br />

Loan of equipment to eligible members with disabilities and<br />

visual impairments. Contact our helpline for more details.<br />

5


Morse tutors. We have a stock of morse tutors for loan to<br />

members who wish to learn or improve their Morse. Contact<br />

the helpline.<br />

Practical assistance: We are unable to assist with the<br />

installation or erection of aerials. We will however try to put<br />

members in touch with local clubs who may be able to help.<br />

We also try to assist amateurs who find themselves in<br />

residential care and have difficulties continuing in their hobby<br />

Advice: Becoming disabled or visually impaired can leave some<br />

amateurs wondering if they can continue in their hobby. We<br />

can give advice on many aspects of amateur radio and have<br />

practical experience of doing so. Please get in touch.<br />

6


RAIBC NETS<br />

RAIBC Club Nets (All times are local clock time)<br />

There are regular club nets operated by members and supporters.<br />

The club call signs are VHF, GB1IBC and HF, G4IBC (If nothing heard<br />

on 3.473 +/-QRM, then try 7.103)<br />

Controllers:<br />

HF G4IBC: Kelvin M0AID, John G3DVV, Gail G0UNF, Colin M0EAO,<br />

Bill G0OXB<br />

VHF GB1IBC: Graham M0AXO, Stephen G0TOT, Robert MW0RHD,<br />

Quentin GW3BV<br />

SUNDAY<br />

10:30 CQ100 3.743 MHz<br />

14:00 (West Midlands) FM 433.500 MHz then QSY M0AXO (GB1IBC)<br />

MONDAY – No events scheduled<br />

TUESDAY<br />

09.30 SSB 3.743MHz Early Birds (M0AID)<br />

10:00 SSB 3.743MHz G0UNF/G3DVV (G4IBC)<br />

10:30 (North Wales) FM 145.400 MHz MW0RHD/GW3BV (GB1IBC)<br />

14:00 (West Midlands) FM 145.500 MHz then QSY M0AXO (GB1IBC)<br />

WEDNESDAY<br />

13.45 SSB 7.103 Mhz then at 14.00 to SSB 3.743Mhz M0AID (G4IBC)<br />

(The net will stay on 7.103 if there is UK wide propagation on 40M)<br />

THURSDAY<br />

10:30 (North Wales) FM 145.400 MHz MW0RHD/GW3BV (GB1IBC)<br />

14:00 (West Midlands) FM 145.500 MHz then QSY M0AXO (GB1IBC)<br />

19:30 (Swanage) FM 145.350 MHz G0TOT (GB1IBC)<br />

FRIDAY<br />

14:00 (West Midlands) FM 145.500 MHz then QSY M0AXO (GB1IBC)<br />

19:30 SSB 3.743 MHZ M0AID (G4IBC)<br />

SATURDAY – No events scheduled<br />

7


CHAIR’S REPORT<br />

Well another year has passed, the sun is shinning and spotty!<br />

The HF bands have been in good shape and 10 meters has been<br />

particularly good. I dabbled in the CQWW SSB contest on the<br />

29 th and 30 th of October. I had already been enjoying 10<br />

meters but over the contest I split my time between 10 and 15<br />

meters. I had plenty of contacts including a couple of new<br />

countries. The 10 meter band was a revelation as there were<br />

signals from end to end. Let's hope it carries on and who<br />

knows gets even better. I hope that you have all had chance to<br />

enjoy something similar.<br />

Yet again I do have to announce some changes to the<br />

composition of the committee. Each time I do this I do worry<br />

that you as members will be concerned that the committee is a<br />

rough place with us falling out with each other and storming off<br />

into the sunset! Nothing could be further from the truth, in<br />

fact it has been a positive development. When I asked for<br />

volunteers to assist the RAIBC, particularly with regard to the<br />

Equipment Manager it was heartening to see how many radio<br />

amateurs responded.<br />

However I would like to reiterate the reasons why the<br />

committee does change from time to time. Life is an uncertain<br />

business and family problems, work issues, financial concerns<br />

and health problems can all make it difficult for individuals to<br />

continue assisting the RAIBC. Charity volunteers are just that,<br />

volunteers. When life gets difficult voluntary things are rightly<br />

the first to be put to one side in an attempt to cope with life.<br />

No one on the committee or membership begrudges anyone<br />

8


having to leave the committee or adjust their responsibilities in<br />

order to care for more pressing personal matters.<br />

So what are the changes? We have a new Equipment Manager,<br />

Terry Baldwin G4UEM. Terry will introduce himself elsewhere<br />

in Radial but he has been in place for a couple of months now<br />

and so far is doing a sterling job. The committee is very<br />

pleased to have Terry aboard and I look forward to working<br />

with him into the future.<br />

Chris Pearson G5VZ has rejoined the committee though<br />

currently without portfolio. Chris has always provided us with<br />

enthusiastic support and advice. However I do believe that his<br />

tour de force will be SWRchie, the talking SWR meter. More<br />

details to follow....<br />

Ray Ricketts GW7AGG has also joined the committee. Ray<br />

assisted me to get to the AGM in 2010 and helped on the sales<br />

stand. The rest of the committee enjoyed his company and<br />

suggestions and we decided to ask him for assistance with<br />

regard to Radial. Fortunately Ray agreed to join the committee<br />

as Radial Editor. Please give Ray your support by means of<br />

feedback, articles and reports for Radial.<br />

Due to family responsibilities Sarah Loyd G7TXR has resigned<br />

from the committee. On behalf of the committee I would like<br />

to place on record our thanks for her work and input over the<br />

last couple of years. We wish her and her family all the best for<br />

the future.<br />

9


The AGM at the Newark Hamfest was very enjoyable though<br />

not as well supported as last year. All committee members<br />

were elected and the small changes to the constitution were all<br />

passed. As usual the committee benefited from the<br />

opportunity to be together and have a face to face meeting. It<br />

always helps us to iron out any problems and look to the future<br />

as well. The weekend of the Hamfest was astonishingly hot<br />

and the main building was like an oven. Fortunately ice cold<br />

water was being sold at<br />

various points around the<br />

building. Sadly ice cold lager<br />

was not!<br />

The RAIBC sales stand raised<br />

in excess of £2600 which<br />

considering the current<br />

financial climate was quite<br />

remarkable. Keith Ruffell,<br />

Pete Shepherd and Len<br />

Maunder all worked very hard<br />

on our behalf. Sadly we were<br />

missing several committee members due to ill health. In<br />

particular we missed Kelvin M0AID and Alec and Jean Gaffin.<br />

All in all it was a very enjoyable weekend and I for one will look<br />

forward to the next one on the 28 th and 29 th of September<br />

2012.<br />

That's about it from me for this Radial.<br />

Take care all<br />

73's until next time<br />

Quentin GW3BV<br />

10


SECRETARY’S REPORT<br />

Hello again I hope you have all had a good festive season<br />

thankfully we have escaped the worst of the winter so far this<br />

year except for the high winds which caused havoc to many<br />

aerial installations including my own.<br />

It was a great pleasure to meet so many members at the AGM<br />

and Hamfest at Newark last year, we signed up a good number<br />

of new members again, The club continues to flourish with yet<br />

another increase in membership to announce this includes a<br />

substantial increase in the number of supporter members and<br />

affiliated societies whose help is much appreciated in assisting<br />

disabled members to get on the air, We are still finding it very<br />

difficult in certain parts of the country to get help for our<br />

members who require assistance. May I thank the many clubs<br />

and RSGB officials who have assisted us over the last 12<br />

months.<br />

Mandy Higton 2E1GWO our Duplications and Welfare officer<br />

recently conducted a loan equipment satisfaction survey to<br />

enable us to bring the loan records up to date ready for our<br />

new equipment manager to take over, with the high turnover<br />

of Equipment Managers, the records had got out of date,<br />

Thanks to all those who returned the forms all were very<br />

complimentary about the loan service and grateful for the help<br />

RAIBC provide.<br />

The survey produced some amazing feats of equipment<br />

longevity, some members have had equipment for over 15<br />

years and the record was a 144 MHz Linear which has been in<br />

11


almost daily use for 22 years, one thing the survey did highlight<br />

was that some members with loan equipment had not notified<br />

us of changes of address, please note it is a condition of the<br />

loan scheme that all changes of details must be notified to the<br />

Secretary or Equipment Manager. 77 members currently have<br />

loan equipment. Thanks to MANDY for all the hard work<br />

We do membership renewal mailshots quarterly and due to the<br />

delay in getting information about standing order payments<br />

from the bank this information can be two months in arrears,<br />

we may send you a notice when you have already paid, please<br />

accept our apologies if you are affected by this but the bank<br />

will only send one statement out and the information as to<br />

come via the Treasurer first.<br />

Current membership stands at 364 members of which 128 have<br />

physical disabilities and 123 are Visually impaired , we also<br />

have 113 supporter and life members and 4 affiliated clubs<br />

has members if you are a member of a local society mention<br />

our work , membership is free to affiliate clubs and we can<br />

offer much assistance to the clubs disabled members.<br />

Again please notify us of any changes of details this enables us<br />

to keep our records up to date so that we can offer the best<br />

service possible.<br />

Finally may I ask you to remember the families and friends of<br />

those members who went Silent Key last year and to those<br />

members who have had to resign due to their health forcing<br />

them to give up the hobby, Mandy send suitable messages to<br />

all concerned.<br />

Thanks for all the support and enjoy your radio operation<br />

73,s RUSSELL BRADLEY G0OKD SECRETARY RAIBC<br />

12


MINUTES<br />

of the<br />

39th ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING<br />

on<br />

SATURDAY 1 st October 2011 at 11:00 hours<br />

held at<br />

National Hamfest, Newark Showground<br />

1. Present<br />

Andrew Thomas G8GNI, Amanda Higton 2E1GWO, Chris Pearson<br />

G5VZ, Russell Bradley G0OKD, Chris Ellis M5AGG, Quentin Cruse<br />

GW3BV, Mona Thomas M6MNA, Susan Jones 2E0SUJ, Keith<br />

Ruffell G7EDT<br />

2. Apologies<br />

John Owen, Sarah Loyd G7TXR, Alec Gaffin G0MWO, Kelvin<br />

Marsh M0AID, Robert Hughes-Burton MW0RHD<br />

3.0 Matters arising from the minutes of the 38 th AGM held on<br />

2 rd October 2010 None.<br />

3.1 Approval of the minutes<br />

The minutes of the previous AGM were approved following the<br />

amendment of C Pearson call sign to read G5VZ and the meeting<br />

number to read 38 th annual general meeting.<br />

Proposed: C Ellis Seconded: S Jones<br />

4. Reports and Accounts<br />

4.1 Chairman’s report – Quentin Cruse GW3BV<br />

Quentin welcomed those attending, and presented his report.<br />

Good morning all and welcome to the 39 th AGM of RAIBC, the<br />

charity working for radio amateurs with disabilities. Thank you<br />

all for making the effort to be here today. Sadly yet again I have<br />

to point to the empty seats at the table this year. Our vice<br />

13


president Alec Gaffin continues to struggle with serious ill health<br />

and is unable to be with us this year. This of course means that<br />

his wife Jean is also missing as she is very busy keeping an eye<br />

on him! In addition Kelvin Marsh M0AID our Low Vision Officer<br />

and all round very useful person is unable to be with us. Kelvin<br />

has recently had major surgery and is still convalescing.<br />

However I am sure he is making good use of the weekend off by<br />

doing a bit of DX chasing! We are also without Sarah Loyd who<br />

for family reasons is unable to be with us. They are all sorely<br />

missed by the rest of the committee and the rally sales team.<br />

These announcements really bring me to the first issue the<br />

RAIBC has faced over the past 12 months, the declining health<br />

of the committee and the grave difficulty we have in procuring<br />

and retaining volunteers. We had to say goodbye to Brendan<br />

Sykes and Chris Pearson had to stand down as Equipment<br />

Manger over the past year. Through no fault of their own they<br />

were unable to continue. It is a sad fact that a charity that cares<br />

for disabled people has as its main volunteer base, disabled<br />

people! Often the spirit is willing, even eager, yet the body is<br />

weak.<br />

Last year I optimistically spoke of the RAIBC looking for ways to<br />

assist disabled members get through the various license levels<br />

and generally expand what we do. However it has become clear<br />

that we are struggling just to accomplish the basics let alone<br />

attempting to branch out into other areas. Therefore the<br />

committee is looking hard at our main areas of operation; our<br />

membership, Radial, loaning of equipment and the Reading<br />

Rattle. We feel it is essential that we concentrate on doing<br />

these well even if we have to make some changes.<br />

On a positive note the nearly new website continues to be very<br />

popular. Many of you use it to download the audio versions of<br />

the radio magazines, radio manuals, license course materials<br />

14


and other publications that we produce. We are also trying to<br />

build up a reasonable archive of such audio material on the site.<br />

The reviews by Kelvin M0AID of different radio equipment has<br />

caused a good deal of interest in the UK and indeed around the<br />

world.<br />

We continue to loan equipment to our eligible members. Over<br />

the past year we have loaned 6 FT897s, 3 TS480's, 1 FT7800, 1<br />

TMV71E, 2 TS570's 1 CW filter, 6 voice chips, 11 PSU's, 4 AATU's,<br />

1 microphone and 5 aerials. The members who received the<br />

equipment were very grateful and expressed their thanks to the<br />

committee and to their fellow members. One thing we would<br />

very much like the radio companies to consider is the lack of a<br />

HF receiver with a voice chip. If a visually impaired individual<br />

comes to us who does not have a license and wishes to try<br />

shortwave radio, we have nothing to offer them. We can give<br />

them a HF transceiver which has been transmit disabled or we<br />

can give them the IC-R8500. A HF transceiver is a complicated<br />

beast for someone who is new to radio. The IC-R8500 is more of<br />

a scanner than a HF receiver and is priced somewhere near<br />

£1500. A simple, easy to use receiver with a voice chip is badly<br />

needed for visually impaired people with an interest in radio.<br />

We are only able to afford such loans through the generosity of<br />

our supporters who donate so generously. We received over<br />

£8000 in financial donations in the past year. On top of that we<br />

made more than £13000 through the sale of equipment. This<br />

was done through our website under the auspices of Chris Ellis<br />

M5AGG and through the rally stands under the guidance of<br />

Keith Ruffel G7EDT. We all owe Chris, Keith and their assistants,<br />

particularly Len Maunder G4KRX and Pete Shepherd G7DXV a<br />

big vote of thanks for their superb fund raising efforts.<br />

I also want to give my personal thanks to the rest of the<br />

committee. Russ Bradley G0OKD and Mandy Higton 2E1GWO<br />

15


work exceptionally hard at “HQ”. They keep our paperwork<br />

under control and make sure that RAIBC runs reasonably<br />

smoothly. Andrew Thomas G8GNI makes sure that we are<br />

solvent and I think the external examiners comments say it all.<br />

Thanks for doing such a sterling job Andrew.<br />

So what of the future? The committee is considering some<br />

major, even root and branch, changes to the RAIBC. We<br />

desperately want to provide a good level of service for the<br />

members but we need to care for our own health and sanity at<br />

the same time. Any decisions we make will always be taken<br />

with the best interests of the RAIBC at heart.<br />

Can I also take this opportunity to thank the Lincoln Shortwave<br />

Club and in particular Clive Catton G1BSN for their continued<br />

help and hospitality at the National Hamfest. It is an excellent<br />

event and venue and I am sure we have all enjoyed it. Yet again<br />

can I pass my thanks on to my fellow committee members who<br />

work so hard to care for the RAIBC and its membership. Can I<br />

also thank the members for continuing to put their confidence<br />

in us the trustees. We will do our best to continue to be worthy<br />

of your confidence. Thank you.<br />

16


4.2 Treasurers and External Examiners report - Dr Andrew<br />

Thomas – G8GNI / M5AEX<br />

Treasurers Report for year ending 31 st March 2010<br />

My focus again for this year was to ensure that the charity<br />

income and expenditure were fully transparent, that all<br />

expenditure was authorised and that we had the minimum of<br />

missing receipts. We did have a few receipts go missing, but<br />

these accounted for less than 3% of our annual transactions.<br />

The accounts have been audited by David Rose, an independent<br />

examiner. He has signed off the accounts and has made no<br />

adverse comments, nor recommendations for change. Indeed,<br />

in his covering letter he states: “Once again, although there are<br />

missing receipts your accounting procedures in authorising all<br />

payment and having two signatories for all cheques drawn<br />

means that this has no significant impact on the veracity or<br />

otherwise of the accounts and I am happy to enclose the<br />

report”.<br />

We began the year with financial assets of £178,273.02, ending<br />

the year with 180,472.67 (1% up on the previous year).<br />

£164,329.19 of this (91%) is held in interest bearing accounts;<br />

the remainder is in our bank accounts and PayPal account for<br />

day-to-day working.<br />

Excluding bank refunds on unauthorised direct debits our total<br />

income for the year was £26,066.44, up just under £5,000 on<br />

the previous year. This was primarily made up of rally and<br />

equipment sales, donations and membership subscriptions.<br />

Equipment sales and rally income made up a very considerable<br />

portion of the charity’s income - £13,631.48 (52%) – a very big<br />

thank you to everyone involved. The charity also continued to<br />

attract substantial levels of donations – this year totalling<br />

17


£8,237.36 (31%). Membership subscriptions were £3,020.75<br />

(12%). All of these are an increase on the previous year.<br />

The charity provides a wide range of services: equipment loans,<br />

Radial, CDs and a web site with downloads of all the popular<br />

radio magazines and a telephone helpline. Our total<br />

expenditure for the year was £23,408.89 (up from £18,082.79).<br />

Of this £15,940.20 was spent providing services; £7,468.69<br />

covered the running costs of the charity (rally travel and<br />

expenses, telephone, internet, insurance, carriage for<br />

equipment loans, postage, etc.). Last year’s AGM cost £1919.57<br />

and we had an exceptional item of expenditure of £2000 for redesigning<br />

the charity website. Looking at this another way, 68%<br />

or our expenditure is spent on providing services to members. I<br />

consider this to be a very acceptable services / overheads split<br />

for a small charity and comparable to last year.<br />

The charity ends its financial year in a very healthy state.<br />

It was proposed that the independent examiner receive an<br />

honorarium of £100.<br />

Proposed: A Thomas Seconded: C Ellis Carried: Unanimously<br />

4.3 Secretary’s report – Russell Bradley G0OKD<br />

Russell Bradley G0OKD presented his report.<br />

Hello fellow members. Once again it is a great pleasure to<br />

present my annual report to the AGM.<br />

2011 has been a busy year; membership continues to flourish<br />

and stands at 363, which comprises 160 disabled members, 123<br />

Visually Impaired members, 80 abled bodied supporters and<br />

four affiliated clubs. We have sadly had four members go silent<br />

key during the last year and also some resignations due to ill<br />

health. The Welfare Officer sent suitable messages to the<br />

families of the SK members and to the resigning members.<br />

18


We have had a good response to the rally attendances which<br />

have resulted in new members joining us. It is a problem<br />

though that we are still unknown to many amateurs, in need of<br />

our services, so please mention your membership when<br />

speaking to the amateur community to spread the word about<br />

our work. We need to enroll more clubs they are a great source<br />

of help to RAIBC members in their local area when they require<br />

assistance. Members continue to praise the work of the readers<br />

and duplications service, and also say how much Radial is<br />

enjoyed.<br />

We recently updated the loan equipment database and sent out<br />

loan equipment surveys to those members is possession of<br />

equipment and were very pleased at the number of members<br />

who were full of praise for the equipment that has been<br />

supplied.<br />

The trusted old RAIBC computer finally gave up the ghost and<br />

has been replaced by a younger model along with extra<br />

duplicating equipment to cope with the extra disks being copied<br />

each month. This exceeds 100 discs a month with copies we<br />

produce for the RSGB. Finally thanks to the membership for<br />

their support and messages of thanks and a special thank you to<br />

my fellow committee members for their encouragement as his<br />

year has been difficult at times due to committee member<br />

illness and resignations due to external pressures.<br />

73s Russell G0OKD<br />

5. Appointment of Committee Members<br />

Russell Bradley reported he was in receipt of 9 postal votes.<br />

5.1 It was proposed that Amanda Higton 2E1GWO appointed<br />

Media, Duplications and Welfare Officer for a period of one<br />

19


year. Vote: Unanimous from those present, plus postal votes: 8<br />

for, 0 against.<br />

5.2 It was proposed that Chris Ellis be appointed Equipment Sales<br />

Officer for a period of 1 year. Vote: Unanimous from those<br />

present, plus postal votes: 7 for, 0 against.<br />

5.3 It was proposed that Kelvin Marsh M0AID be appointed Low<br />

Vision Liaison Officer for a period of one year. Vote:<br />

Unanimous from those present, plus postal votes: 8 for, 0<br />

against.<br />

5.4 It was proposed that Sarah Loyd G7TXR be appointed as an<br />

ordinary member for a period of one year. Vote: Unanimous<br />

from those present, plus postal votes: 7 for, 0 against.<br />

6. Members proposed resolutions None received.<br />

7. Proposed Changes to the Constitution<br />

The following changes to the constitution were proposed:<br />

i. To replace ‘The Radio Amateur Invalid & Blind Club’ with<br />

RAIBC – The Charity Working for Radio Amateurs with<br />

Disabilities’. The amended clause 1 would now read:<br />

1. Club The Club shall be known as RAIBC - The Charity<br />

Working for Radio Amateurs with Disabilities.<br />

ii. To increase the current expenditure limit, for the daily<br />

administration of the club, from £50 to £100. Any expenditure<br />

below the threshold still needs to be sanctioned by the<br />

Chairman and issued an Authorisation Number, but does not<br />

require a decision by the full Committee. The clause would now<br />

read:<br />

12. Finances Each purchase made over the value of £100<br />

must be agreed upon by a simple majority of the club<br />

committee. Any expenditure below £100 must be with the<br />

20


consent of the Chairperson who must justify such expenditure<br />

to the Club if so required.<br />

Unanimous from those present, plus postal votes: 6 for, 1<br />

against and 2 abstentions. Carried.<br />

8. Any other business<br />

A vote of thanks was given to the rally team. It was proposed to<br />

give both L Maunder and P Shepherd an honorarium of £100<br />

each in recognition of their hard work at rallies over the past 12<br />

months. Proposed: K Ruffell Seconded: R Bradley<br />

A question was raised on whether the club should affiliate with<br />

the International Short Wave League. It was noted that S Loyd<br />

was working on affiliation of the clubs to other group and<br />

hopefully the ISWL would be one of the group approached.<br />

The Chairman thanked those attending and drew the meeting to<br />

an end, as a closing comment he said it is planned to return to<br />

Newark for next year’s AGM. The meeting closed at 11.25 am<br />

9. Date of next meeting to be confirmed.<br />

21


TECHNICAL REPORT (1)<br />

ACCESSIBILITY REVIEW OF KENWOOD TS-590S<br />

By Kelvin Marsh M0AID<br />

I first saw the TS-590S, on the Kenwood stand, at the Newark<br />

rally in October 2010. This radio had excited blind amateurs<br />

through 2010, as it promised unrivalled accessibility.<br />

Traditionally Kenwood have taken accessibility very seriously,<br />

and I had been very impressed with the speech feedback<br />

offered in other radios I had used in their current range. Using<br />

the optional VGS-1 ’Voice Guide and Storage Unit’, the spec<br />

sheet suggested even the SWR reading was available, a first to<br />

be built in as standard in a modern radio. The evaluation radio<br />

has been kindly lent to me by Kenwood UK.<br />

The TS-590S is a mid sized unit, measuring approximately<br />

280mm wide by 300mm deep by 100mm high. It covers the HF<br />

bands and 6M with an output of 100 watts. It has an internal<br />

automatic ATU, and two SO-239 sockets at the rear. It can be<br />

connected to a PC using a traditional RS-232 serial connector,<br />

22


or via USB. When using the USB connection, the radio adds an<br />

external sound card to the PC hardware, and this can be used<br />

for both sending and receiving audio via the radio. The VGS-1<br />

Voice Guide was fitted to the evaluation radio, giving verbal<br />

confirmation of key presses, and recording/playback of stored<br />

messages.<br />

The TS-590S has two Programmable Function buttons on the<br />

front panel. PF A is conveniently positioned in the top left<br />

corner, and by default reads the Frequency. PF B is positioned<br />

below the display and above the 2 and 3 keys in the numeric<br />

keypad, and by default reads the incoming Signal Strength.<br />

When pressing PF A, the VGS-1 voices:<br />

‘VFO A 14.200, a slight pause, 00’<br />

When in Split Mode, pressing the PF A key elicits:<br />

‘VFO S A 14.200, a slight pause, 00’<br />

The PF A key also reads back many of the adjustable settings<br />

and Menu options, depending on the current state of the radio.<br />

For an incoming signal of strength ‘8’, PF B voices:<br />

‘S 8’<br />

The Programmable Function keys can be assigned to perform<br />

many different commands, so they are not fixed to just read<br />

Frequency and Signal Strength. If you use an optional<br />

microphone with four additional Programmable Function<br />

buttons, these can also be assigned. I was delighted to find the<br />

TS-590S also allows the microphone Up and Down buttons to<br />

be programmed.<br />

23


The Frequency and Signal Strength readouts are shown in the<br />

manual as Voice1 and Voice2 respectively. In line with the<br />

anticipation of the SWR readout, there is the addition of<br />

Voice3. This is not assigned to a programmable function key by<br />

default, and I chose to assign it to the Down button on the<br />

microphone. Voice3 works in conjunction with the meter<br />

display. If the SWR meter is selected and a carrier is<br />

transmitted, pressing the mic Down will voice:<br />

‘R 1.0’<br />

The SWR appears to be announced accurately up to 5 to 1, and<br />

if the impedance is out of range, you’ll hear:<br />

‘R Over’<br />

To assist in reading the SWR, I programmed the microphone Up<br />

button to send a 10 watt tuning carrier. This meant I could<br />

press mic Up, followed by mic Down and have the SWR spoken.<br />

Each press of the Meter button toggles the display between<br />

SWR, ALC, and Speech Compression. These presses give no<br />

spoken feedback, but when used in conjunction with Voice-3,<br />

the SWR, the ALC, and the Compression levels are individually<br />

spoken.<br />

If ALC is selected, pressing the Voice3 button voices:<br />

‘A 0’, for no signal<br />

‘A 10’, if the level is ten<br />

‘A Over’, if ALC is out of range<br />

Similar voice outputs are given for Speech Compression, but<br />

with ‘C’ being used instead of ‘A’. I’m not sure how much<br />

24


eliance can be placed on setting the ALC and Compression<br />

accurately using this method.<br />

The Meter button also engages the Drive feature when held for<br />

about 1 second. The Drive reduces power output for use on<br />

the LF bands, and beeps to indicate On and Off. It could be<br />

easy to accidentally hold in the ‘Meter’ button for slightly<br />

longer than you had intended, and find you are no longer being<br />

heard because power has been reduced. There is an option in<br />

the menu system to increase the time needed to hold buttons<br />

to engage second level commands, and this might be useful.<br />

The block of six buttons at the top left of the front panel, are in<br />

the usual Kenwood arrangement. They include the Attenuator,<br />

Pre Amp, VOX, Processor, Send/Receive, and the Auto ATU.<br />

These buttons turn the commands On and Off, and give aural<br />

feedback with a short high pitched beep for On, and a lower<br />

toned longer beep for Off. The Auto ATU is engaged by holding<br />

the button for a second or so, and the ATU relays can be heard<br />

clicking. Positive confirmation of a good match is given by a<br />

double beep, or SWR is sounded in CW if the impedance is out<br />

of range.<br />

These buttons also perform different commands if held for<br />

about a second. For example, Antenna 1 or 2 can be selected<br />

by holding the Pre-amp button, and a single or double beep is<br />

heard. Holding the VOX button allows the VOX Gain to be<br />

changed, and this is with full spoken output akin to the Power<br />

adjustment described below.<br />

Between the headphone socket and the numeric keypad is a<br />

vertical column of three buttons. If pressed momentarily these<br />

allow adjustment of Mic Gain, TX Power, and Keying Speed. If<br />

25


held for about a second, the buttons adjust Carrier Level,<br />

Monitor On/Off, and VOX Delay. Some of these buttons are<br />

also Mode dependent, and perform different commands if CW<br />

is selected.<br />

All of these adjustments have spoken output. If the output<br />

power level is to be adjusted, press the Power button. A short<br />

beep is heard followed by:<br />

‘TX Power 100’<br />

Turning the Multi-Ch control anti-clockwise by one click, voices:<br />

‘95’<br />

The power is reduced by 5 watts. There is a reassuring beep if<br />

the Multi-Ch control is turned beyond the 100 watts maximum<br />

and the 5 watts minimum. A final press of the Power button<br />

gives a longer beep, to show you have left power adjustment<br />

mode.<br />

To the right of these buttons is the numeric keypad. As we<br />

have come to expect from Kenwood, this is fully voiced. Each<br />

individual key press is spoken, and the new resultant frequency<br />

is announced. Kenwood has adopted a three level band<br />

stacking system for the various numbers on the keypad. A<br />

press of the ‘3’ will take you directly to a remembered<br />

frequency on 40M. The next two presses will cycle through<br />

two further stored frequencies on 40M, with a third press<br />

cycling back to the original position.<br />

I found the numeric keypad buttons to be well sized and well<br />

spaced, with a tactile indication on the ‘5’ key. I would though<br />

prefer to find more space around the numeric keypad, making<br />

it easier to differentiate from the buttons above and to the left<br />

26


and right. I found I needed to account for these surrounding<br />

buttons, before I reliably entered a direct frequency.<br />

It’s worth mentioning here, the TS-590S has hard smooth<br />

rubber buttons, and there is no unpleasant dragging on the<br />

finger tips, when moving from button to button!<br />

Mode changes are made using a column of buttons to the right<br />

of the keypad and directly to the left of the Tuning Dial.<br />

Feedback is given in CW. If the CW mode is selected, you will<br />

hear Dah Di Dah Dit.<br />

The Tuning Dial sits in the Centre of the front panel, and has a<br />

drag adjustment just below. The Dial sits on a slightly raised<br />

plinth, and this helps prevent you from accidentally touching<br />

the dial when locating buttons close to it. The Tuning Dial has a<br />

useful indent, and moves 10khz per revolution in standard<br />

mode and 1khz in Fine . This can be adjusted. Using the Menu<br />

System, I was also able to assign 1khz tuning steps to each click<br />

of the Multi-Ch control.<br />

To the right of the Tuning Dial is a block of some twenty<br />

buttons. The first row of five buttons operate the IF filters,<br />

Noise Blanker, Noise Reduction, and Notch filtering. These<br />

buttons use beeps to indicate position 1 or 2 and a longer beep<br />

for Off. If for example, the first Noise Reduction filter is<br />

selected, holding the button for about a second enters the<br />

adjustment mode. The current setting is spoken, and it can be<br />

changed using the Multi-Ch control.<br />

The second row has four buttons. These are Split, TF-Set, and<br />

A/B. The Final button is the first Message button, in a vertical<br />

column of four.<br />

27


Split works as you would expect, transmitting on VFO B, and<br />

adding ‘S’ to the spoken Frequency announcement. You hold<br />

the TF-Set button to temporarily monitor the VFO B frequency.<br />

The A/B button toggles between VFO A and B, and when held,<br />

equalises the second VFO with the primary.<br />

Split frequency operation gives good feedback, but I personally<br />

found the continual voicing of the current frequency to be<br />

tiring and unnecessary. For example, when holding the TF-Set<br />

button, the VFO B frequency was announced, and then the VFO<br />

A frequency was announced on the button’s release. If you are<br />

working a DX station using split frequencies, it is likely you will<br />

be pressing the TF-Set button every time the DX station gives a<br />

report, and you will be searching for the frequency he is<br />

listening on. You will be concentrating on the various signals,<br />

and having the frequency automatically announced every time<br />

will be a distraction.<br />

I found two practical ways round this problem. Firstly by<br />

turning off the voice completely in menu B. I cover this more<br />

fully when I discuss the menu system, and the ability to switch<br />

between menu A and menu B. The second method was by<br />

turning off automatic Voice announcements. This option is<br />

well thought out. Basically, all speech is turned off unless one<br />

of the PF keys is pressed. The TF-Set key will no longer speak<br />

frequencies, the number pad will not speak, and the menu<br />

system will be silent. Although I could not fully investigate this<br />

function in the limited time I had the radio, I found that<br />

although the menu system was silent, pressing PF A, voiced the<br />

menu option and setting. If I pressed the TX Power button,<br />

only the beeps were heard, but pressing PF A, spoke the usual<br />

28


‘TX Power 100’. In effect, the verbiage was dramatically<br />

reduced, but speech could be called upon if needed!<br />

The third row, again has four buttons. Memory/VFO, Memory<br />

Write, and Memory to VFO. The final button in the row is the<br />

second Message button.<br />

In line with previous Kenwoods, I found the Memory system to<br />

be fully accessible. It is easy to find memory contents and<br />

move them to the VFO. It Is easy to store frequencies in either<br />

previously used or vacant channels.<br />

The fourth row has three buttons, with the last being the third<br />

Message button. The first two are Quick Memory Write and<br />

Quick Memory Recall. These are very accessible, with channel<br />

numbers and contents being spoken. A Menu option allows<br />

you to choose the number of Quick Memories to be used.<br />

The final row contains the MHZ, Scan, and Menu buttons, with<br />

the last being the fourth Message button. Beeps are heard to<br />

indicate if the MHZ and Scan functions are On or Off, and in the<br />

case of the Scan, the band noises indicate the band is being<br />

tuned.<br />

The Menu, gives typical Kenwood accessibility. In general, it is<br />

excellent, although it is necessary for a blind operator to refer<br />

to an external list of descriptions for menu options. For<br />

example, adjusting the voice chip volume is accomplished using<br />

menu number 6. As you scroll through the menu, you will hear:<br />

’06 4’<br />

This means you are on menu 6 and the volume level is 4. There<br />

is no spoken indication to tell you that this is the voice volume<br />

setting.<br />

29


Two useful menu features are, the ability to place commonly<br />

used options in a Quick Menu and the ability to maintain<br />

different settings in two separate menus.<br />

If you frequently adjust the voice volume and say the RX<br />

Equaliser, you can add both to the Quick Menu. When turned<br />

on, only these options will appear, in this case, options 6 and<br />

31. This makes it much easier to remember your commonly<br />

used options!<br />

Another useful feature is the ability to have different settings in<br />

Menu A or B. For example, I could set the radio for DX<br />

operating in menu B. Once in the menu system, pressing the<br />

A/B key switched between menu A and B, giving one or two<br />

beeps to indicate which had been selected.<br />

As previously discussed, there are four Message buttons, in a<br />

vertical column, to the right of this block of buttons. They<br />

allow messages to be recorded in voice or CW mode and were<br />

perfectly accessible for both recording and playback. With the<br />

option turned on in the menu, the fourth button will play back<br />

the last continuously recorded 30 seconds of incoming audio.<br />

There are three buttons, set horizontally, at the top right of the<br />

radio. RIT, XIT, and Clear. Beeps indicate if these functions are<br />

turned on or off.<br />

Below the RIT, are two further buttons. These control the<br />

various AGC options, and when in FM mode, allow the operator<br />

to select CTCSS tones. I found these to be fully accessible, with<br />

the CTCSS tones being spoken.<br />

The right end of the front panel hosts the usual knobs for RIT,<br />

Squelch/Manual Notch, Multi-CH, and AF/RF Gain. Concentric<br />

30


knobs also allow adjustment of the band pass filters. The filter<br />

band widths are spoken every time an adjustment is made.<br />

Whilst initially useful, I felt the voice might interrupt the<br />

incoming audio, as adjustments are made for best reception.<br />

This is prevented if Automatic Announcements is turned off.<br />

I was particularly impressed when preparing the TS-590S for its<br />

return to Kenwood. I pressed the necessary keys to perform a<br />

re-set, and was astonished to find I had full voiced feedback. I<br />

was able to choose between the various Full and Partial re-set<br />

options.<br />

As the radio is likely to be popular for blind operators, I decided<br />

to briefly look at the ARCP software. It is difficult to fully assess<br />

how easy it would be to ‘only’ use the software to operate the<br />

radio, but personally, I would envisage the software as<br />

complementing the traditional interface. It is much easier to<br />

press buttons on the radio itself, than to hunt around a screen<br />

in a timely manner. The software starts to become extremely<br />

useful, though, in changing less frequently used settings and in<br />

getting full Menu descriptions.<br />

I found the software can be installed without the need for the<br />

TS-590S to be attached. There are many commands that<br />

obviously will not work, such as the menu system, but it can be<br />

roughly tested before a purchase is made.<br />

I found the ARCP software to be straightforward to install and<br />

use with my Screen Reader. Using the Tab key, it is easy to<br />

move through the commands presented on the screen. Hitting<br />

enter on the Menu button makes this area very accessible, And<br />

shows the menu system with descriptions. Utilizing the<br />

Windows Pull Down menus, makes it possible to store data<br />

31


from the radio on the PC in the form of a backup. It can then<br />

be written back to the radio if required. One big advantage of<br />

using software, is the ability to browse round looking for little<br />

used features. I thought the ARCP software was excellent in<br />

this respect. During my limited explorations I found I could also<br />

assign many common commands to Function keys on my PC<br />

keyboard. For instance, F2 could be made to bring up the<br />

direct frequency input form. F3 and F4 could change between<br />

LSB and USB. F5 could change the mode to CW. F6 could make<br />

the radio voice the frequency etc. I found Memory<br />

management a little more difficult. I was hoping to find a table<br />

allowing me to input all of the Memory Channels in one go. I<br />

am perhaps missing something obvious, but I could only find<br />

ways of laboriously moving from<br />

channel to channel one at a time.<br />

Conclusions. In my opinion, this is<br />

the most accessible rig currently<br />

available. I could find no major<br />

accessibility issues, and indeed,<br />

most settings give good feedback. At last there is a radio on<br />

the market, where a blind operator can learn what SWR the rig<br />

is measuring. I was particularly impressed with the ability to<br />

turn off Automatic Announcements, there are possibly some<br />

improvements to this area, but the feature is welcome, and<br />

demonstrates an understanding that more speech is not always<br />

better. In conjunction with the ARCP software, a blind<br />

operator has access to virtually every setting and feature on<br />

the TS-590S. A remarkable achievement, and Kenwood should<br />

again be highly commended.<br />

32


TALKING MULTI-METERS<br />

By Kelvin Marsh M0AID<br />

TECHNICAL REPORT (2)<br />

The talking multi-meter has<br />

not been available in the UK<br />

for several years. Some<br />

amateurs still own the meters<br />

sold by Tandy, but I knew of<br />

several blind amateurs who<br />

dearly wanted to own a<br />

multi-meter that gave verbal<br />

feedback.<br />

In December one of the<br />

members of the RAIBC email<br />

group found a talking meter was being sold by the National<br />

Federation of the Blind in the US. When I enquired about<br />

costs, it quickly became apparent an individual would need<br />

extremely long pockets to bring one into the UK. Although the<br />

meters sold for $50 or £33 in the US, because of the handling<br />

fees and the traceable delivery method the NFB use, a single<br />

meter would cost over £90 to import!<br />

I started to gather interest from other RAIBC members, with a<br />

view to making a bulk purchase. I soon had ten definite orders,<br />

and it was decided RAIBC would purchase twenty units, and act<br />

as an agent for a bulk purchase.<br />

33


I spent some time looking into getting VAT and Duty<br />

exemptions, and despite phone calls and an email application<br />

to HMRC, I’m still waiting for a reply a month later. A good<br />

thing we decided to go ahead with the order, regardless.<br />

The meter itself is a very nice unit, and appears to be extremely<br />

well made. It has a LCD display and backlight, as well as a clear<br />

female voice.<br />

The meter measures both DC and AC voltages. There are also<br />

selections for resistance, Diode, continuity, capacitance, and<br />

milliamps.<br />

There is a ‘talk’ button on the meter and another ‘talk’ button<br />

on the positive probe. Another feature that has been highly<br />

praised by both low vision and sighted uses, is the LED light on<br />

each probe, shining directly onto the area to be tested.<br />

The manual has been recorded, and is available on the RAIBC<br />

website, in the Members Only area.<br />

There are still a small number of meters available at the cost<br />

price of £47 plus P&P.<br />

The original information about the talking meter, and the<br />

subsequent interest for a bulk order was organised on the<br />

RAIBC email group. If you are not already subscribed , you<br />

might find it useful to join. Just sent a blank email to <strong>raibc</strong>subscribe@yahoogroups.com,<br />

and Reply to the confirmation<br />

message.<br />

34


RALLY REPORTS<br />

KEMPTON PARK RALLY<br />

by Keith G7EDT<br />

Attendance this year was noticeably down. Some traders had<br />

also obviously pulled out. The organisers have now increased<br />

the admission price by £1. I was informed it is now £4.50, and<br />

presumably the table charges were higher as well. Many<br />

thought it was over priced.<br />

There was also some heated discussion over the catering. This<br />

year the Burger Bar was not offered, leaving only the very<br />

expensive restaurant upstairs. There were very long queues,<br />

and the roll service was withdrawn from the menu leaving only<br />

highly priced cooked dinners. Many thought it was greedy<br />

profiteering and said they would not be attending next year.<br />

It seems the organisers will be killing off the Golden Goose!<br />

We will have to see next spring if there is a further reduction in<br />

the attendance, and consider booking Spring rallies only at this<br />

venue. The cost of table hire there is very high.<br />

As the Autumn one is quite close to our AGM, there is not a lot<br />

of high value stock remaining to put on the tables anyway. But<br />

for all that, we managed to achieve takings of £534.80p from<br />

mainly valves, components and small value test gear.<br />

Due to our helper Len's Mothers 90th birthday, the tables were<br />

staffed by just Peter and yours truly this time.<br />

We met many of our members, and gave out lots of leaflets<br />

and copies of Radial to perspective members.<br />

35


LLANDUDNO RALLY<br />

by Ray GW7AGG<br />

It was the first time that the RAIBC had had a stand at<br />

Llandudno. It was manned by myself and Robert MW0RHD.<br />

We only had a presence and didn’t sell any goods, although this<br />

may change in future years.<br />

Attendance was up on previous years on the Saturday, but was<br />

well down on the Sunday. The atmosphere was good, friendly<br />

and enjoyable, and the school canteen provided good food.<br />

The takings were small – only £20.50 for badges, lanyards and a<br />

few small donations. However many new contacts were made<br />

and have been followed up, and some good possible<br />

suggestions for future rally attendances.<br />

- Sorry, wrong sort of rally….. A Darrian car (made in West<br />

Wales) catching air during a rally stage.<br />

36


MISCELLANY<br />

VHF FIELD DAY (– a few year’s ago)<br />

Quentin GW3BV (your chair – taking the picture), Ray GW7AGG<br />

(your editor - left) and Bob GW7GNF went up to the hills above<br />

Devil’s Bridge, inland from Aberystwyth to take part in VHF<br />

Field Day.<br />

37<br />

There weren’t enough<br />

volunteers from the local club<br />

to be able to enter the<br />

competition, but the trio<br />

went up to take part and to<br />

give points to other entrants.<br />

The only movement on this<br />

bleak area of moor land were<br />

the grey clouds scudding<br />

overhead and blades of grass<br />

twitching in the wind. The<br />

only other life were some<br />

cattle in the far distance, a<br />

red kite soaring overhead and<br />

a territorially concerned<br />

meadow pipit announcing its<br />

presence from a nearby fence<br />

post.<br />

After a rather inauspicious start, which involved antenna<br />

repairs, using a TS700 giving out 10 watts on 2 meters into a


HB9CV (a little different to one station which, it is understood,<br />

that was transmitting 400 watts into 4 stacked 9 element<br />

beams), they set to work. Having set up at 2.30 on the<br />

Saturday, the next discovery was that the contest didn’t start<br />

till 3.00, however several contacts were made with stations<br />

testing their equipment including a station in Belgium.<br />

Then the contest started with Quentin on the microphone, Ray<br />

logging and Bob in charge of the antenna (and the tea), and<br />

the results were very encouraging. In the first 3 hours of the<br />

contest, they gave points to 32 stations, not only in England<br />

and Wales, but also in Ireland, Northern Ireland, France and<br />

Spain. Conditions were at times a little difficult, with more<br />

distant stations fading and returning quickly, and the weaker<br />

stations being swamped by those strong and strongly<br />

competitive stations. In those 3 hours on the air, they didn’t<br />

take charge on a frequency, but answered other requests, and<br />

while they made 32 contacts.<br />

The best DX was to EA2DR/P at a distance of 637 miles. A total<br />

of 15 squares were worked. It should have been 16 but either<br />

we heard it wrong or it was transmitted wrong. The square<br />

was /MM, very wet, in fact the middle of the North Sea!<br />

It was pleasing to hear the enthusiasm radiating over the<br />

airwaves, from patience with the difficult conditions, through<br />

to beginners getting things wrong and overall much good<br />

humour.<br />

38


GUIDE DOG FOR A GUIDE DOG<br />

(Nothing to do with Radio……)<br />

by Ray GW7AGG<br />

A friend of mine has a guide dog as she is almost totally blind.<br />

She had had one particular dog for around five years when the<br />

dog one day refused to go out. After being taken to the vet, it<br />

was discovered that the dog was suffering from macular<br />

degeneration, in other words was going blind.<br />

A second dog was acquired at fairly short notice so that my<br />

friend could go out. The new dog had been rejected by a<br />

previous owner because he wasn’t responding to the correct<br />

commands, but responded well in his new environment.<br />

The two dogs live together with the new dog leading the old<br />

dog and encouraging outdoor play. The new dog is now the<br />

guide for my friend, but as everyone locally knows the old dog,<br />

he is guided along behind the new dog to meet the faces and<br />

smells he knows.<br />

FUNNIES<br />

A man takes his Rottweiler to the vet.<br />

"My dog's cross-eyed, is there anything you can do for him? "<br />

"Well," says the vet, "let's have a look at him" So he picks the<br />

dog up and examines his eyes, then checks his teeth.<br />

Finally, he says, "I'm going to have to put him down." "What?<br />

Because he's cross-eyed? " "No, because he's really heavy"<br />

Understanding Engineers - Normal people believe that if it isn't<br />

broken, don't fix it. Engineers believe that if it isn't broken, it<br />

doesn't have enough features yet.<br />

39


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