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XII. TOXIC GASES Characteristics • Gases may be chemical asphyxiants, corrosives, and/or poisonous (other than a chemical asphyxiant) Storage Precautions Potential Hazards • Must be used inside a gas cabinet and toxic gas monitors installed. • Corrosive gases should be stored for the shortest possible period before use, preferably < 3 months • Consult with gas suppliers to ensure proper piping and manifold compatibility • Notify Fire Marshal or Chemical Hygiene Officer prior to using highly toxic gases Fire • Many toxic gases are highly flammable • Vapors may travel to ignition source and flash back • Cylinders may rupture and rocket Explosion • Containers may explode in heat of fire • Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outside, or in sewers Health • Poisonous if inhaled or absorbed • Contact may cause burns to skin or eyes • Contact with liquid may cause frostbite • Respiratory irritant Immediate Action Personal Protection NOTIFY EH&S OF ANY RELEASE: • Beyond immediate work area • Causing personal injury • Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped • Consult with MSDS for techniques for specific gases • Keep material out of water sources • Avoid breathing vapors • Avoid bodily contact with material • Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing First Aid • Move victim to fresh air • If not breathing, give artificial respiration • In case of contact with material, flush with running water for at least 15 minutes • Remove contaminated clothing • Call physician immediately Common Toxic Gases: Phosgene Hydrogen Sulfide Chlorine Hydrogen Cyanide Carbon Monoxide Fluorine 52
Facts About Selected Toxic Gases GAS ARSINE PHOSPHINE GERMANE HYDROGEN SELENIDE Extremely MAJOR Extremely toxic Extremely toxic Extremely toxic toxic HAZARDS Flammable Flammable Flammable Flammable COLOR None None None None ODOR Garlic-like Dead fish Pungent, Nauseating Rotten egg, Pungent, Irritating SILANE Pyrophoric None, White smoky fire None TLV, ppm 0.05 0.3 0.2 0.05 0.5 ODOR THRESHOLD RANGE, ppm 0.1 0.02-2.6 ------ 0.0004-3.3 ------ DANGER LEVEL ~10 ppm ~100 ppm ~1000 ppm TARGET ORGANS Blood cells Kidneys Cellular Oxidase System Blood cells Kidneys Lungs, Eyes, Liver Fire is main Hazard PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS Abdominal pain, Vertigo, Hemolysis, Respiratory ACUTE Nausea, Vomiting Weakness, Cramps, Tremors Kidney failure, Anemia distress, Nausea Thermal burns DELAYED 2-24 Hrs. Respiratory distress, Anemia Respiratory distress, CNS difficulty, Pulmonary edema Eye inflammation Headaches & Nausea 4-6 Hrs. Bloody urine Bloody urine 12-48 Hrs. Jaundice Jaundice Coma >12 Hrs. Kidney failure, Kidney failure, Lung, Kidney Central nervous Pulmonary Liver, Heart failure system (CNS) edema damage collapse FIRE EXPLOSION HAZARD LEL/UEL COMMENT REACTIVITY WITH WATER Similar to hydrogen 4%/74% for Hydrogen Autoignition temp 212°f 4%/74% for hydrogen May explode in contact with halogen or oxygen. Do not use halogen fire extinguishers Dissolves readily Soluble Soluble Explodes above 330°c No data, probably somewhat soluble Pyrophoric gas 0%/100% Can cause severe explosion under some undefined conditions Rapidly hydrolyzed to SiO 2 53
Page 2 and 3: Table of Contents 1 Safety Philosop
Page 4 and 5: 9.8 Odors in the lab:…………
Page 6 and 7: The staff at INRF/BiON also recogni
Page 8 and 9: • Gas Hazards Compressed gases po
Page 10 and 11: physical and chemical properties, t
Page 12 and 13: 5.2 Liquid Chemical Storage To prev
Page 14 and 15: ‣ Protective Gear (PPE) Protectiv
Page 16 and 17: Antimony, Arsenic, Barium, Berylliu
Page 18 and 19: ‣ Other Oxidizing Acids Nitric, a
Page 20 and 21: 8 Specific Hazardous Gases 8.1 Pyro
Page 22 and 23: 9.2 Building and lab Evacuations Al
Page 24 and 25: Chemical spills that occur outside
Page 26 and 27: * Response Procedures 1. In the eve
Page 28 and 29: 10. Alarms 10.1 Fire Alarms Appeara
Page 30 and 31: 11.4 INRF Laboratory Safety Map Int
Page 32 and 33: Building Number 321 is the INRF lab
Page 34 and 35: • Outside of the bottle is clean
Page 36 and 37: How to dispose of corrosive and oth
Page 38 and 39: I. ACIDS Characteristics • Typica
Page 40 and 41: Personal Protection • Be sure tha
Page 42 and 43: IV. SOLVENTS Characteristics • Ma
Page 44 and 45: Immediate Action Personal Protectio
Page 46 and 47: Common Toxics: Solids Antimony Comp
Page 48 and 49: VIII. PYROPHORIC SUBSTANCES Charact
Page 50 and 51: Liquid helium 700 to 1 Liquid nitro
Page 54 and 55: XIII. REACTIVE OR EXPLOSIVE CHEMICA
Page 56 and 57: XIV. CARCINOGENS Characteristics
Page 58 and 59: XV. CDC SELECT AGENTS, USDA HIGH CO
Page 60 and 61: Bacillus anthracis Brucella abortus
Page 62 and 63: Personal Chemical Storage Personal
Page 64 and 65: Solid Solvent Waste The steel waste
Page 66 and 67: Sharpie Container Sharpie container
Page 72 and 73: Chemical Utensil & Hot Plates Some
Page 74 and 75: “ Solvent” Wet Bench Solvent be
Page 76 and 77: Eye Wash on “ Standard “ Wet Be
Page 78 and 79: Transporting Chemical Bottle When t
Page 80 and 81: Gas Detection System For Combustibl
Page 82 and 83: Inches of water Exhaust Alarm These
Page 84 and 85: Pollution Control Device INRF This
Page 86 and 87: Procedures / Steps Needed To Comple
Page 88 and 89: E. Dispose the HF/Silicone oil wast
Page 90 and 91: #3 Engineering Controls: Describe a
Page 92 and 93: #9 Decontamination and spill clean-
Page 95: SAFETY COMPLIANCE FORM THIS FORM MU

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