1 H Hydrogen 3 Li Lithium 11 Na Natrium, Sodium Be Berylium 6,941 4 9,012 22,990 12 24,305 Mg Magnesium 19 39,098 K 20 40,078 Ca Kalium, Potassium Calcium 37 Rb Rubidium 55 87 Cs Cesium 1,008 0,7420 Na2O 1,3477 0,6030 MgO 1,6584 0,8300 K2O 1,2048 38 Sr Strontium Ba 132,905 56 137,327 Fr Francium 85,468 87,62 223,02 Barium 0,8960 BaO 1,1161 0,5884 BaSO4 1,6995 88 Ra Radium 226,025 21 Sc Scandium 39 Periodic Table of Fusion Ti Titanium V 44,956 22 47,88 23 50,996 YYtrrium 40 Zr Zirconium 72 Hf Hafnium 41 Nb Niobium 88,905 91,224 92,906 Ta Tantalum 178,49 73 180,948 57 138,906 La Lanthanum 89 Ac Actinium 227,028 58 90 Ce Cerium 140,115 Th Thorium 232,038 24 Cr Chromium 51,996 42 95,940 Mo Molybdenum 74 W Wolfram, Tungsten 25 54,938 Mn 43 98,906 Tc Technetium Re Rhenium 26 Fe 44 Ru Ruthetium Os Osmium 27 Co Cobalt 45 Rh Rhodium Ir Indium 28 Ni Nickel 46 Pd Palladium Pt Platinum Z Symbol Element 29 Cu Copper Ag Silver 79 Au Gold 30 Zn Zinc Hg Mercury 5 BBoron 13 Al Aluminium 31 Ga Galium 183,85 75 186,207 76 190,2 77 192,22 78 195,08 196,967 80 200,59 81 204,383 59 140,908 Pr Praseodynium 91 231,036 Pa Protactinium 60 Nd Neodymium 92 UUranium 144,24 238,029 55,847 61 Pm Promethium 93 Np Neptunium 58,933 50,996 101,07 62 Sm Samarium 146,915 150,36 94 Pu Plutonium 237,048 244,064 63 Eu Europium 95 243,061 Am Americium 58,69 63,546 65,39 69,723 Gd Gadolinium 96 247,07 Cm Curium A Ox>El Oxid El>Ox Vanadium Manganese 0,7745 MnO 1,2912 Iron 0,7770 FeO 1,2870 0,7150 CaO 1,3986 0,5133 CaF2 1,9480 0,6520 Sc2O3 1,5337 0,6000 TiO2 1,6667 0,6798 V2O3 1,4711 0,5600 V2O5 1,7857 0,6840 Cr2O3 1,4620 0,6960 Mn2O3 1,4368 0,7203 Mn3O4 1,3883 0,6990 Fe2O3 1,4306 0,7236 Fe3O4 1,3820 0,7860 CoO 1,2723 0,7860 NiO 1,2723 0,7990 CuO 1,2516 0,8030 ZnO 1,2453 Cd Cadmium Tb Terbium 97 Bk Berkelium 10,811 6 12,011 7 14,007 8 CCarbon Si Silicon 26,982 14 28,086 In Indium Tl Thallium Dy Dysprosium 98 251,079 Cf Californium 32 72,61 Ge Germanium Sn Tin 106,42 47 107,868 48 112,411 49 114,82 50 118,71 82 Pb Lead Ho Holmium 99 252,083 Es Einsteinium NNitrogen 15 P Phosphorus 33 As Arsenic 51 Sb Antimony Bi Bismuth Er Erbium 100 Fm Fermium 34 OOxygen S 15,999 Se Selenium Te Tellurium Po Polonium 69 Tm Thulium 101 258,099 Md Mendelevium 9 F Fluorine Cl Chlorine 2 He Helium 10 Ne Neon Ar Argon 30,974 16 32,066 17 35,453 18 39,948 74,922 151,965 64 157,25 65 158,925 66 162,50 67 164,930 68 167,26 247,07 0,5290 Al2O3 1,8904 0,4670 SiO2 2,1413 0,4360 P2O5 2,2936 78,96 35 Br Bromine Kr Krypton 79,904 36 83,80 I Iodine Xe Xenon 121,75 52 127,60 53 126,904 54 131,29 At Astatium 70 Yb Ytterbium 102 No Nobelium 86 Rn Radon 71 4,003 18,998 20,183 207,19 83 208,980 84 208,982 85 209,987 222,018 257,095 Sulphur 0,4000 SO3 2,5000 0,3338 SO4 2,9959 0,7440 Ga2O3 1,3441 0,6940 GeO2 1,4409 0,7570 As2O3 1,3210 0,7120 SeO2 1,4045 0,9140 Rb2O 1,0941 0,8460 SrO 1,1820 0,7874 Y2O3 1,2700 0,7400 ZrO2 1,3514 0,6990 Nb2O5 1,4306 0,6670 MoO3 1,4993 0,9310 Ag2O 1,0741 0,8750 CdO 1,1429 0,8270 In2O3 1,2092 0,7880 SnO2 1,2690 0,8350 Sb2O3 1,1976 0,8000 TeO2 1,2500 0,8480 HfO2 1,1792 0,8190 Ta2O5 1,2210 0,7930 WO3 1,2610 0,8534 ReO2 1,1719 0,8949 Tl2O3 1,1174 0,9280 PbO 1,0776 0,8970 Bi2O3 1,1148 0,8527 La2O3 1,1727 0,8141 CeO2 1,2284 0,8277 Pr6O11 1,2082 0,8574 Nd2O3 1,1663 0,8623 Sm2O3 1,1596 0,8636 Eu2O3 1,1579 0,8676 Gd2O3 1,1526 0,8502 Tb4O7 1,1762 0,8713 Dy2O3 1,1477 0,8730 Ho2O3 1,1455 0,8745 Er2O3 1,1435 0,8756 Tm2O3 1,1421 0,8782 Yb2O3 1,1387 0,8794 Lu2O3 1,1372 0,8790 ThO2 1,1377 0,9084 U2O3 1,1008 All indicated elements can be fused with lithium tetraborate FX-X100. As standard recipe a ratio of 1:8 to 1:10 (sample : fl ux) is assumed. Depending on diff erent solubilities of pure oxides higher dilution could be necessary. 168,934 173,04 Lu Lutetium 174,967 103 Lr Lawrencium 259,10 260,105 Group of volatile elements F, Cl, S These elements show a loss in dependence of fusion temperature, precise temperature setting required for high precision fusion. Group of elements causing sticking in the mould Fe, Co, Cu, Cr These elements change the viscosity of the melt depending on their concentrations. This can only be eliminated by adding bromide or iodide salts. This applies for: Fe > 40%, Co, Cu > 0.1, Cr > 0.5% Group of elements which colour the fusion Green Cr, Tm Brown V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Bi Blue Co, Cu Orange Ce Pink Yb, Nd, Eu, Er, Ho Yellow Sm, Dy Group of compounds which need pre-treatment Minerals with carbon : continuous casting powder Sulfi de ores : FeS, CuS, ZnS, MoS, PbS Metal alloys : FeNiCo, FeSi, FeMn, FeMo, … FeXX Organic compounds : Ca, Pb stearates These <strong>materials</strong> have to be oxidized fi rst before normal fusion to avoid reaction with platinum ware. The Periodic Table of Fusion is also available as poster on request.
Table of Contents 1 Applications 2 2 Liquid Analysis 6 2.1 Sample Cups 7 Universal 7 Spectro® 8 Oxford® 10 Horiba® 10 Philips/Panalytical® 11 Bruker® and Thermo ARL® 12 2.2 Thin Films 13 Mylar® Film 13 Microporous Polypropylene Film 13 Microporous Teflon Film 13 Polypropylene Film 13 Kapton® 13 Tape for XRF-Analysis 13 3 Solid analysis 15 3.1 Press 16 3.1.1 Pellet Dies 17 3.1.2 Rings 18 3.1.3 Aluminium Cups 19 3.1.4 Pellet Films 19 3.1.5 Binding Additives for XRF-Analysis 20 3.2 Mill 21 3.2.1 Accessories for grinding and mixing 21 4 Fusion Technique 22 4.1 Vulcan Fusion Machines 23 4.2 Platinum Ware 24 4.3 High Purity Molten Fluxes 25 5 Sample Storage 26 6 FLUXANA Certified Reference Materials 28 1
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