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Teelwaardes - Hereford

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The<br />

Advantage<br />

<strong>Hereford</strong><br />

by Russell Clark<br />

A Comparison of SA Cattle breeds with regard to Reproductive Efficiency and Production Potential taking Cow Mass into account using the latest<br />

official ARC data for 2009/2010.<br />

*1 *2 *3 *4 *5 *6 *7 *8 *9 *10 *11 *12 *13 *14 *15 *16<br />

Breed Last ICP Mating Calving Gestation Ave Birth 205 d ADA Middle of Age (days) Mass (kg) Calving Cow Mass Cows/ Kg Weaner per Value Diff/<br />

50000 kg 50000kg weaned 50000kg<br />

Days Date Date Days Mass kg Mass kg kg Calving 01-May 01-May % Wean cow mass cow mass at R18/kg Cow Mass<br />

SA <strong>Hereford</strong> 395 01-Nov-09 09-Sep-10 282 36,1 212 0,858 24-Oct-10 189 198 92,4 533 94 17 187 R 309 364,69 R 39 170,69<br />

Sussex 413 01-Nov-09 28-Sep-10 283 36,9 228 0,932 12-Nov-10 170 195 88,4 582 86 14 834 R 267 009,84 -R 3 184,17<br />

Beefmaster 411 01-Nov-09 04-Oct-10 291 33,5 230 0,959 18-Nov-10 164 191 88,8 502 100 16 868 R 303 627,10 R 33 433,09<br />

Bonsmara 413 01-Nov-09 06-Oct-10 291 35,6 217 0,885 20-Nov-10 162 179 88,4 508 98 15 566 R 280 190,82 R 9 996,82<br />

SA Angus 429 01-Nov-09 11-Oct-10 280 35,0 230 0,951 25-Nov-10 157 184 85,1 537 93 14 603 R 262 861,41 -R 7 332,60<br />

Charolais 431 01-Nov-09 23-Oct-10 290 40,9 227 0,908 07-Dec-10 145 173 84,7 611 82 11 957 R 215 221,58 -R 54 972,42<br />

SA National Ave 422 01-Nov-09 11-Oct-10 287 34,7 216 0,884 25-Nov-10 157 174 86,5 500 100 15 011 R 270 194,00 R 0,00<br />

Nguni 423 01-Nov-09 16-Oct-10 291 25,7 156 0,636 30-Nov-10 152 122 86,3 364 137 14 497 R 260 954,70 -R 9 239,31<br />

As the various breeds compete for a share of the market it is interesting to see to what<br />

extent the differences reflected in the official data supplied by the ARC in their annual<br />

report impacts on the efficiency with which the different breeds produce and their<br />

potential to give returns. With the cost of land rising steadily it is surely time to look<br />

very carefully at how this valuable resource is utilised and what improvements can<br />

be made. A study of the investment in land and cattle (weaner operation) needed to<br />

run one cow calf unit together with all the followers i.e. cow and calves, replacement<br />

heifers and bulls amounts to a value in excess of R45 000 per cow unit.<br />

one way to reduce this figure would be to reduce the numbers of followers by mating<br />

earlier but this will only make sense if reproduction efficiency is maintained in the<br />

process. This in many parts of the country will require strategic supplementation and<br />

top management in normal years and additional fodder reserves during drought years.<br />

Apart from mating earlier which may not be feasible on many farms it is possible to<br />

make significant improvements in profitability by concentrating on key areas. As can<br />

be seen in the table above these key areas have nothing much to do with farming with a<br />

breed that has loads of milk or growth. In other words it has nothing to do with a breeds<br />

82<br />

<strong>Hereford</strong> Joernaal 2011 Journal


potential to wean a heavy calf but everything to do with calving earlier and as close<br />

to the start of the calving season as possible. Yes, commercially cross breeding can be<br />

used to improve reproductive efficiency but the key areas of focus stay exactly the same<br />

– if you want to make more out of your beef cattle that is!!<br />

The <strong>Hereford</strong>s have come out on top simply because of their outstanding fertility despite<br />

not being the heaviest British breed which suggests that performance tested <strong>Hereford</strong>s<br />

in South Africa are by no means being pampered to achieve the lowest inter-calving<br />

period of all the breeds mentioned. This accolade for <strong>Hereford</strong> breeders by no means<br />

suggests that further improvement is not possible but at least it makes us take a fresh<br />

look at what we are trying to achieve and select for in order to make our beef operations<br />

even more efficient. Gestation period is included because while it does vary even<br />

within breeds it still has an impact by getting the calves on the ground sooner and<br />

allows these cows more time to recover. The gestation periods used are not official<br />

figures but are estimated figures from various articles on the subject.<br />

In order to follow the reasoning in the table above it is necessary to look at how each<br />

column has been calculated to reach the final outcome. The columns have been<br />

numerically marked and are explained as follows:<br />

1) Last ICP in Days. This is data from the ARC report indicating the average number of<br />

days since the last calf was born for all cows in the breed which at that stage had<br />

had two calves or more. This figure is influenced by many factors but over many<br />

thousands of records it is a reliable indication of a breeds ability to calve sooner<br />

and therefore earlier in the next breeding season.<br />

2) Column 2 indicates that in this hypothetical example all cows were mated on the<br />

same day in order to make a fair comparison. In practise animals with a higher ICP<br />

would tend to calve later and have even younger calves.<br />

3) Column 3 the start of calving date is achieved by adding the ICP in column 1 to the<br />

date in column 2 and then adjusting for the average gestation period in column 4.<br />

A three month calving season is assumed and for simplicity a further assumption<br />

is made that calf births are spread evenly over the full 3 month period. In practise<br />

herds with a lower ICP calve much earlier.<br />

4) The gain per day is calculated by subtracting the average birth mass in column 5<br />

from the average 205 day mass in column 6 then divided by 205 days to give the<br />

ADA in column 7 which is the average daily gain per day of age.<br />

5) To calculate the age of the calves on 1 May the middle of calving (column 8) is<br />

assumed to be 45 days after the start of calving date (column 2) and the number of<br />

days to 1 May is then the age of the calves (column 9)<br />

6) The formula for calculating the mass of the calves on 1 May is the calf’s age in days<br />

(column 9) multiplied by the ADA in kg (column 7) plus birth mass (column 5).<br />

7) The calving % that can be expected is calculated by dividing 365 days (the<br />

theoretical norm) by the last ICP and multiplying by 100<br />

8) In Column 12 the cow mass at weaning of each breed is recorded. To bring cow<br />

efficiency into the equation the number of cows of each breed per 50000 kg cow live<br />

mass (column 13) is divided by the average cow mass at wean.<br />

9) The kilograms of weaner calf per 50 000 kg cow mass (column 14) is the calf mass<br />

on 1 May (column 10) multiplied by the number of cows per 50 000kg cow mass<br />

(column 13) multiplied by the calving % (column 11).<br />

10) Column 15 is the value weaned which are the kilogrammes of weaner calf per 50<br />

000kg cow mass multiplied by R18/kg weaner mass to express the differences in<br />

monetary terms.<br />

11) Column 16 simply compares the breed’s comparative advantage when the national<br />

average is used as the benchmark.<br />

Sources: National Beef Recording and Improvement Scheme – Annual Report –<br />

2009/2010<br />

<strong>Hereford</strong> Joernaal 2011 Journal 83


<strong>Teelwaardes</strong><br />

VRAE & ANTWOORDE<br />

Helena Theron, LNR-Diereproduksie Instituut, Irene<br />

Inleiding<br />

Die meeste ekonomies belangrike eienskappe van<br />

vleisbeeste word beïnvloed deur beide die omgewing en<br />

die dier se genetika. Deur diere in dieselfde omgewing<br />

(kontemporêre groep) te vergelyk, en ook stambome<br />

in ag te neem, is dit moontlik om diere se genetika<br />

in die vorm van teelwaardes te bepaal. Alle diere se<br />

teelwaardes word nie op ewe veel inligting bepaal is<br />

nie - byvoorbeeld die teelwaardes van ’n KI-bul met<br />

500 nageslag word op baie meer inligting bereken as ’n<br />

pasgebore kalfie s’n. Hier volg ’n paar interessante vrae<br />

wat telers aan ons gestel het. Dit gee ook insae in die<br />

werking van BLUP.<br />

Hoe word teelwaardes geaffekteer as kalwers nie<br />

presies ewe oud is wanneer hulle geweeg word nie?<br />

Die beginsel van teelwaarde beraming berus eenvoudig<br />

gestel daarop dat as ‘n groepie kalfies aan presies<br />

dieselfde omgewingstoestande blootgestel was, kan<br />

verskille wat voorkom, toegeskryf word aan genetiese<br />

verskille tussen diere. Die speengewigte van ’n groep<br />

kalwers is egter nie direk met mekaar vergelykbaar nie<br />

- bulkalwers weeg bv. gewoonlik meer as verskalwers,<br />

sommige kalwers is ouer as ander, en die eerste kalf<br />

van ’n koei weeg ook gewoonlik minder as haar later<br />

kalwers. om dus die ‘rou’ speengewigte van ’n groep<br />

kalwers met mekaar te vergelyk, sal nie regverdig wees<br />

nie. Die speengewigte word dus wetenskaplik aangepas<br />

vir bogenoemde effekte. Die gekorrigeerde afwyking<br />

vanaf sy groepgemiddeld is die waarde wat grootliks<br />

elke kalfie se teelwaarde sal bepaal. Vir teelwaarde<br />

beraming word alle moontlike familielede se prestasie<br />

ook in ag geneem. om die vraag te antwoord, is dit dus<br />

verkieslik dat die kalwers almal op dieselfde dag geweeg<br />

word, omdat die omgewingseffek dan dieselfde is op<br />

al die kalwers. omdat die kalwers se geboortedatums<br />

bekend is, kan die nodige ouderdomsaanpassings<br />

gedoen word.<br />

Hoekom verander teelwaardes?<br />

<strong>Teelwaardes</strong> word beraam op grond van beskikbare<br />

inligting betreffende prestasie van die dier en sy<br />

verwantes. Soos wat meer inligting bykom (bv.<br />

nageslag wat gemeet word), kan ‘n dier se teelwaarde<br />

verander omdat dit meer akkuraat word. ‘n Jong dier,<br />

of ‘n dier waarvan die teelwaarde slegs op grond van<br />

stamboominligting beraam is, se teelwaardes het ‘n<br />

groter waarskynlikheid om te verander tussen BLUP<br />

analises. <strong>Teelwaardes</strong> van diere met baie metings op<br />

verwantes, se teelwaardes bly egter oor die algemeen<br />

stabiel. Dit is onmoontlik dat ’n dier se teelwaardes<br />

presies identies bly vir al sy eienskappe tussen analises.<br />

<strong>Teelwaardes</strong> skuif altyd effens, hoofsaaklik weens die<br />

feit dat die data meer word (meer diere in die ras word<br />

gebore en gemeet). Met elke BLUP analise word daar<br />

meer diere bygelas en die ou diere word nie uitgegooi<br />

nie. Met ’n ouer bul word daar dikwels ook kleinkinders<br />

en agterkleinkinders gemeet, wat ook ‘n bydrae tot sy<br />

teelwaarde maak.<br />

<strong>Hereford</strong> Joernaal 2011 Journal 85


omdat teelwaardes NooIT presies dieselfde is tussen<br />

twee analises nie, is die vraag eintlik: wanneer is ’n<br />

teelwaarde essensieël dieselfde en wanneer verskil dit?<br />

As mens die nageslag van twee bulle met speendirek<br />

teelwaardes van bv. +8 en +9 met mekaar sou<br />

vergelyk, sal die verskil in hulle kalwers se speengewigte<br />

baie min wees, en dit kan selfs moontlik kan wees<br />

dat die bul met die +8 teelwaarde, in enkele jare<br />

gemiddeld swaarder kalwers sal gee as die bul met die<br />

+9 teelwaarde. In daardie spesifieke jaar mag hulle<br />

teelwaardes selfs omruil. Essensieël is hierdie twee bulle<br />

se genetiese meriete nie veel verskillend van mekaar<br />

nie. Sou ons egter hierdie twee bulle vergelyk met ‘n<br />

bul met ’n teelwaarde van bv -3kg, sal daar ‘n duidelike<br />

verskil wees in die gemiddeldes van hulle nageslagte<br />

in dieselfde omgewing. Hierdie bul se kalwers sal<br />

gemiddeld heelwat minder weeg as die twee voorbeeld<br />

bulle se kalwers.<br />

Die verandering in teelwaardes moet ook in perspektief<br />

geplaas word: ’n verandering van 2kg in ‘n 18<br />

maande teelwaarde is nie so dramaties nie, omdat<br />

18 maande teelwaardes varieër tussen -7 en +48kg.<br />

Daarenteen sal ’n verandering van 2 kg in ’n geboorte<br />

teelwaarde baie dramaties wees, omdat geboorte direk<br />

teelwaardes varieër tussen -1 en 4kg. (Die verspreiding<br />

van teelwaardes is in die persentiel tabel in die<br />

kuddeprofiel).<br />

Daar kan egter ook wetenskaplik beraam word of ’n<br />

teelwaarde verandering binne perke is of nie, veral<br />

as die teelwaarde reeds ’n hoë akkuraatheid het.<br />

Verandering is wyer vir diere met laer akkuraathede, en<br />

verskil van eienskap tot eienskap.<br />

Kan ’n jong dier se teelwaardes vertrou word?<br />

’n Dier ontvang helfte van sy gene van die een ouer<br />

en die ander helfte van die ander ouer. omdat die<br />

gemiddelde waarde van die gene wat hy van sy ouers<br />

af kry, met die grootste waarskynlikheid gemiddeld sal<br />

wees, kan ons beraam dat ’n jong dier tussen sy ouers<br />

sal wees. As dit egter altyd waar sal wees, is daar geen<br />

manier waarop genetiese vordering moontlik sal wees<br />

nie - jy sal nooit beter kry as wat reeds bestaan nie.<br />

Dit is egter moontlik dat ’n dier toevallig van beide<br />

ouers hulle beste (of swakste) gene kry. Hierdie diere se<br />

teelwaarde beramings sal uit die aard van die saak nie<br />

korrek wees voordat die dier self gemeet word nie, en<br />

sodra hy gemeet word, sal sy teelwaarde baie beter (of<br />

baie swakker) word. Hierdie gevalle is egter nie volop<br />

nie, die grootste waarskynlikheid is nog steeds dat ’n<br />

dier tussen sy ouers sal wees.<br />

om dus ’n jong bul te gebruik, het ’n mate van risiko<br />

daaraan verbonde, veral as hy nie self vir die eienskap<br />

gemeet is nie, of as hy nog nie nageslag het nie. (As een<br />

of beide sy ouers ook nie veel inligting het nie, raak die<br />

risiko natuurlik nog groter). Wees dus bedag daarop<br />

dat ’n jong bul se teelwaardes wel soms heelwat kan<br />

verbeter of verswak, en daar is geen manier waarop<br />

enigiemand dit vooraf kan weet nie. Dit is dus nie wys<br />

om ’n jong bul op groot skaal in jou kudde te gebruik<br />

nie, al is hy belowend.<br />

Lyk ’n dier altyd soos sy teelwaardes aandui?<br />

<strong>Teelwaardes</strong> word beraam op grond van die prestasie<br />

metings wat deur telers gemeet word. oor die algemeen<br />

kan teelwaardes wel die fisiese eienskappe van die<br />

dier weerspieël – ’n bul teel byvoorbeeld swaar<br />

kalwers, daarom is sy teelwaardes hoog, ens. Telers<br />

en raadgewers met ’n geoefende oog kan ook soms<br />

redelik maklik sien hoe die dier se teelwaardes is, veral<br />

as nageslag betrokke is. Fisiese eienskappe en prestasie<br />

weerspieël egter nié die teelwaardes wanneer die<br />

omgewing gemanipuleer word nie, bv. wanneer geneties<br />

swak diere baie goed gevoer word, of wanneer geneties<br />

sterk diere nie genoeg kos kry om hulle potensiaal te<br />

bereik nie. onthou ook dat teelwaardes ’n aanduiding is<br />

van hoe die dier teel, nie noodwendig hoe hy fisies daar<br />

uitsien nie.<br />

Ras- en kuddegemiddeldes<br />

Ek boer in ’n strawwe omgewing, en die gemiddelde<br />

geboortegewig vir die diere in my kudde vir die afgelope<br />

5 jaar is 30kg, terwyl die rasgemiddelde geboortegewig<br />

36kg is. Volgens my kuddeprofiel is die gemiddelde EBV<br />

van my diere egter hoër as die ras gemiddeld. Kan dit<br />

wees?<br />

Die laer geboortegewigte word veroorsaak deurdat<br />

die kudde in ‘n strawwer omgewing is as wat die ras<br />

gemiddeld ondervind. Geneties is hierdie kudde egter<br />

bo-gemiddeld vir geboorte direk. Sou ‘n ‘gemiddelde’<br />

dier na jou omgewing gebring word, sal die<br />

geboortegewig laer wees as jou diere, terwyl jou diere<br />

die genetiese vermoë het om bogemiddeld in ander<br />

kuddes te presteer.<br />

Seleksie vir aanpassing<br />

Sal ‘n dier met hoë teelwaardes ten opsigte van groei<br />

onder enige omstandighede beter groei as ‘n dier met<br />

laer teelwaardes? of moet ek diere met lae teelwaardes<br />

vir groei selekteer omdat my omgewing straf is?<br />

Die genetika van aanpassing is ’n baie interessante<br />

onderwerp. Gestel ons het ’n ekstensiewe omgewing<br />

en ’n groepie speenkalwers wat moet oorleef in die<br />

winter. Sommige van die kalfies verloor gewig (dit<br />

wil sê weeg minder op jaaroud as op speen), terwyl<br />

daar ander kalfies uit dieselfde groep is wat gewig<br />

optel. Die groepie wat gewig verloor, is nie aangepas<br />

nie - in effek is hulle groei gene ‘afgeskakel’ as ’n<br />

oorlewingsmeganisme. Die groepie wat gewig optel,<br />

is aangepas - hulle kon oorleef, en het nog genoeg<br />

energie oorgehad om te groei ook. Hulle prestasie<br />

sal dan ook so in die BLUP analise ingaan - die swak<br />

aangepaste kalfies sal ondergemiddeld presteer en<br />

die beter aangepaste kalfies sal bogemiddeld presteer.<br />

Daarteenoor groei al die kalfies wat in ’n goeie<br />

omgewing was goed, maar hulle ‘aanpassingsgene’ word<br />

glad nie getoets nie. Dit sal dus nie noodwendig beteken<br />

dat ’n dier wat goed groei onder goeie omstandighede,<br />

ook sal goed groei onder swak omstandighede nie. Dit<br />

is dus ’n goeie voorbeeld van waar seleksiedoelwitte<br />

sal verskil. Die teler onder ekstensiewe omstandighede<br />

behoort diere uit te soek wat aangepas is. Die ideale dier<br />

sal bv. goed aangepas wees en goed groei, maar nie ’n<br />

86<br />

<strong>Hereford</strong> Joernaal 2011 Journal


grootraam tipe dier wees nie,<br />

omdat onderhoudsbehoeftes<br />

dan te hoog is. op die<br />

ander ekstreem is die<br />

teler onder intensiewe<br />

omstandighede wat kan<br />

selekteer vir maksimum groei<br />

en grootraamdiere (en dus ’n<br />

groter karkas). Daar is dus nie<br />

een bul wat goed sal wees<br />

vir alle omstandighede nie.<br />

Elke teler behoort dus self te<br />

besluit watter tipe dier geskik<br />

is vir sy omstandighede.<br />

Prakties gesproke, sal die<br />

kalfie wat swak groei onder<br />

goeie of swak omstandighede<br />

nooit ’n goeie keuse wees<br />

onder enige omstandighede<br />

nie. Die kalfie wat goed groei<br />

in goeie omstandighede sal<br />

egter nie noodwendig goed<br />

groei in swak omstandighede<br />

nie, omdat hy dalk nie<br />

aangepas is nie. Die teler wat<br />

in ekstreme omstandighede<br />

boer, sal dus wys wees om sy<br />

diere aan te koop uit ander<br />

ekstreme omstandighede,<br />

maar weereens die diere<br />

wat groei ten spyte van swak<br />

omstandighede, omdat dit sal<br />

dui op aanpassing tot die tipe<br />

omgewing.<br />

Ten slotte<br />

<strong>Teelwaardes</strong> word beraam<br />

uit die metings van diere in<br />

prestasie toetsing. Hoe meer<br />

metings daar is op die dier<br />

en sy verwantes, d.w.s. hoe<br />

meer inligting beskikbaar<br />

is, hoe beter kan die dier se<br />

teelwaardes voorspel word.<br />

Die gebruik van teelwaardes<br />

by die teling van vleisbeeste<br />

het ’n onontbeerlike<br />

hulpmiddel geword.<br />

<strong>Hereford</strong> Joernaal 2011 Journal 89


AJV<br />

Moorreesburg Augustus 2010<br />

Deur Lizette Vermaak<br />

Hierdie jaar was dit die Wes-Kaap <strong>Hereford</strong> Klub<br />

se beurt om die Algemene Jaarvergadering van die<br />

genootskap aantebied en het hulle sowaar uitgehaal<br />

en gewys. Die verrigtinge het afgeskop met ‘n<br />

Raadsvergadering te Moorreesburg Gholf Klub waarna<br />

die res van die lede by ons aangesluit het namiddag<br />

vir die Algemene Jaarvergadering. Hier het ons onder<br />

leiding van Jimmy van der Spuy van Adderley Boerdery<br />

sake van belang bespreek en verslag vanaf die raadslede<br />

ontvang rondom hul werksaamhede in 2010. ook is<br />

die nuwe raadslede bekend gemaak en verwelkom.<br />

ons bedank dan ook Trevenen en<br />

Hesphia Barry vir<br />

hul onbaatsugtige<br />

bydrae aan die<br />

<strong>Hereford</strong>s die jare<br />

wat Trevenen op die<br />

raad gedien het. ook<br />

vir hul reuse bydrae<br />

met die opskerping<br />

van die grondwet.<br />

Ure en dae se harde<br />

werk en sweet het<br />

hierin gegaan. ons<br />

sal jul ewig dankbaar<br />

wees daarvoor. PJ<br />

Budler van Bonhaven<br />

Beef Cattle neem dan<br />

nou ook Trevenen se plek in op<br />

die raad. Die volgende raadslede is herverkies:<br />

Dr Carl Scholtz, Bertus Mong en Russell Clark.<br />

Na afloop van die Algemene Jaarvergadering is ons op<br />

die hande gedra by die asemrowende venue Ladolsavita<br />

van Wilinda Hanekom in Moorreesburg.Hier is ons<br />

bederf met die heerlikste ete en is ons lede vereer vir<br />

hul hardewerk met toekennings vir onder andere die<br />

beste TKP, Voeromset vir ‘n Fase C bulgroep,ens. ons<br />

is ook vermaak deur Fanie Veldskoen oftewel Erick<br />

Venter. Voorwaar ‘n musikant wat iets vir almal gebied<br />

het – veral die senior lede het hul gate uit geniet. Na<br />

afloop van al die verrigtinge is daar heerlik gesellig<br />

saam gekuier – met goeie wyn en nog beter geselskap<br />

– ‘n kuier soos net die Kapenaars kan.<br />

Die volgende dag het ons vroegoggend geluister<br />

na Ernst Janovsky hoof ekonoom van Absa, wat vir<br />

ons verduidelik het hoe sake in die ekonomie staan<br />

en wat boere te doen staan om te verseker dat hulle<br />

winsgewend bly. Hierna het ons per bus vertrek na<br />

osdam Privaat Voerkraal – voorwaar ‘n belewenis.<br />

Hier het ons eerstehands ervaar hoe dinge in ‘n<br />

voerkraal gebeur, vandat die diere op die<br />

plaas aankom totdat hulle<br />

geslag word. Dit is ook<br />

hier waar die Kaap se<br />

weer homself gestant<br />

gedoen het aangesien<br />

ons al 4 seisoene in<br />

een dag beleef het. Van<br />

hier het ons vertrek<br />

na die Boesmanland<br />

Plaaskombuis by<br />

Langebaan. Weereens<br />

is ons hier verras<br />

met die hartelikheid<br />

van die Kaap. Die<br />

Boesmanland<br />

Plaaskombuis het<br />

‘n heerlike buffet van<br />

enige kossoort onder die son bedien,<br />

van bredies en seekos tot tradisionele boerekos en<br />

tuisgebakte brood en dit alles terwyl jy kan hoor hoe<br />

breek die branders. Hierdie is voorwaar ‘n plek om te<br />

besoek as u ooit naby Langebaan is.<br />

ons opregte dank aan Philip de Waal en sy klublede<br />

vir al die reëlings en moeite met die Algemene<br />

Jaarvergadering en die verrigtinge wat daarmee<br />

saamgegaan het. Julle het voorwaar ‘n hoë standard<br />

gestel vir die KwaZulu Natal klub wat hierdie jaar aan<br />

die beurt kom.<br />

ons kan met heelwat goeie herinneringe terugdink aan<br />

die Algemene Jaarvergadering te Moorreesburg.<br />

90<br />

<strong>Hereford</strong> Joernaal 2011 Journal


Telers word vereer<br />

Toekennings:<br />

Kategorie Plek Stoetnaam Eienaar TKP<br />

0-10 kalwings 1ste Klipgat <strong>Hereford</strong>s Madri Blom 367<br />

11 - 30 5de Wilkloof Willie Groenewald 375<br />

5de Sanniesguns Lust Petrus & Carlette van Eeden 375<br />

4de Nagenoeg Gerhard Botha 370<br />

4de Kabul Danie & Johan Kriek 370<br />

3de Hopedale Alan Harvey & Sons 365<br />

3de Riccor Corrie de Vos 365<br />

2de Vicedale Köster Familie 362<br />

2de Kliprivier Albertus van der Merwe 362<br />

1ste Syferpan Lawrence Moorcroft 353<br />

1ste Miquiline Louws Boerdery Trust 353<br />

31 - 60 5de GBH <strong>Hereford</strong>s Howard Long 380<br />

4de PP Mong Trust Bertus Mong 378<br />

3de Griffin <strong>Hereford</strong>s Graham Griffin 373<br />

2de Heelbo Boerdery Charlotte Schuite 370<br />

1ste Rospa Piet Rossouw 369<br />

61 - 90 5de Waldecke Ewald Köhne 394<br />

4de Mooifontein Anneri otto 388<br />

3de Locheim <strong>Hereford</strong>s Willem & Philip de Waal 387<br />

2de KRM Russell & Ed Clark 362<br />

1ste Platdoorn Wessel Wessels 353<br />

91 + 1ste VIP <strong>Hereford</strong>s Johan Scholtz 381<br />

1ste Zuikerkop Dr Carl Scholtz 381<br />

Beste Fase C kudde (VOV):2010<br />

Zuikerkop <strong>Hereford</strong>s<br />

Gem. VoV: 5.10 oor 3 bulle<br />

<strong>Hereford</strong> Joernaal 2011 Journal 91


The Value of Central (Phase C)<br />

and On-Farm (Phase D)<br />

Performance Tests<br />

Leslie Bergh<br />

ARC-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene, 0062 South Africa<br />

Tel. +27 (0) 12 672 9145, Mobile +27 (0) 82 801 2026, E-mail: leslie@arc.agric.za<br />

PHASES OF THE SCHEME<br />

The National Beef Recording<br />

and Improvement Scheme (the<br />

Scheme) of the Agricultural<br />

Research Council (ARC) of South<br />

Africa makes provision for testing<br />

of beef cattle in various phases,<br />

namely:<br />

• Reproduction and Herd<br />

Testing (Phase A): This phase<br />

is the basis of the Scheme<br />

and also by far the most<br />

important phase as it is the<br />

phase where the economically<br />

most important traits in<br />

the production process are<br />

evaluated. These traits include<br />

reproduction (fertility), ease<br />

of calving, pre-wean growth<br />

and cow efficiency. Phase<br />

A is the only phase of the<br />

Scheme which is mandatory to<br />

participate in from the ARC’s<br />

side. However, most breeders’<br />

societies compel their breeders<br />

also to participate in Phase B.<br />

• on-farm post wean testing<br />

(Phase B): In this phase the<br />

post weaning growth-rate of<br />

young heifers, bulls and oxen<br />

is evaluated under normal<br />

farm conditions through their<br />

weights at 12 - and 18 months<br />

of age.<br />

• Central performance<br />

tests (Phase C): In this<br />

phase, bullocks are tested<br />

immediately after weaning<br />

under intensive (feedlot)<br />

conditions at a central testing<br />

station under standarised<br />

conditions.<br />

• on-farm performance tests<br />

(Phase D): In this phase,<br />

bullocks are tested after<br />

weaning on the farm in an<br />

ARC-monitored test.<br />

INTENSIVE OR ON THE VELD?<br />

Although there are still<br />

disagreements about the role of<br />

intensive and extensive post wean<br />

performance tests, most scientists<br />

believe that it is ideal for animals<br />

to be tested under the same<br />

conditions under which they are<br />

to produce offspring. Some people<br />

will now immediately say that the<br />

answer is very simple: Bulls must<br />

be tested under field conditions<br />

because cattle in South Africa<br />

produce on natural pasture. But is<br />

the answer really that simple?<br />

In South Africa almost all<br />

weaners are produced on natural<br />

pasture (veld). In contrast, about<br />

75% of all beef produced in<br />

South Africa comes from feedlots.<br />

This means that most weaners<br />

are grown and rounded off for<br />

marketing in feedlots. When one<br />

also considers that the arrival<br />

weight of calves are approximately<br />

doubled during the feeding<br />

period in a feedlot, it is clear that<br />

feedlots play a huge role in the<br />

provision of high quality beef to<br />

the South African consumer. For<br />

the foreseeable future this situation<br />

is likely to remain the case, as SA<br />

does not have sufficient capacity<br />

to produce enough beef for the<br />

market from natural pasture. The<br />

reason for this is simply that the<br />

national cow herd will have to<br />

be drastically reduced to make<br />

room for the production of young<br />

animals post weaning on the veld.<br />

This will inevitably have the result<br />

that much less weaners will be<br />

produced.<br />

Despite the abovementioned,<br />

there is a growing awareness,<br />

especially among sophisticated<br />

consumers, about the benefits<br />

of veld-produced beef – mainly<br />

because of health and ethical<br />

considerations. It is expected<br />

that this market will continue to<br />

grow in the foreseeable future,<br />

especially if such beef is available<br />

at competitive prices. It is,<br />

however, with the information<br />

now available to us, very unlikely<br />

that this trend would mean a<br />

massive swing away from feedlotproduced<br />

beef to veld-produced<br />

beef. Therefore we can with<br />

reasonable certainty predict that<br />

feedlots will in the future remain<br />

a very important link in the beef<br />

chain. In future, bulls’ daughters<br />

will therefore still be required to<br />

produce and reproduce on natural<br />

veld and their calves, at least until<br />

weaning, also. But after weaning<br />

the same calves should be able to<br />

adapt to feedlot conditions and<br />

grow fast and efficient to the point<br />

of marketing. on this basis, we are<br />

of the opinion that there is a place<br />

for both intensive and on-veld<br />

testing of bullocks post wean.<br />

To further put Phase C<br />

and Phase D intensive tests in<br />

perspective, one should remember<br />

that these phases are only a<br />

small portion of the total testing<br />

of bulls, since they are kept and<br />

tested under extensive conditions<br />

up to weaning and also after the<br />

completion of a Phase C or D<br />

tests. Heifers are kept and tested<br />

under extensive conditions both<br />

pre-wean and post-wean and the<br />

same goes for cows during their<br />

production life. The evaluation of<br />

92<br />

<strong>Hereford</strong> Joernaal 2011 Journal


adaptability traits under extensive<br />

conditions thus receive enough<br />

attention in the Scheme.<br />

PHASE C TESTS<br />

Test Procedure<br />

As mentioned above, bullocks<br />

in Phase C are tested immediately<br />

after weaning under intensive<br />

(feedlot) conditions at a central<br />

testing station. Phase C1 tests are<br />

conducted at four ARC Phase C<br />

centres (Irene, Vryburg, Glen and<br />

Cedara) and Phase C2 tests at one<br />

of the many private Phase C test<br />

centres, overseen by the ARC.<br />

As no minimum number of bulls<br />

per breed per test is required in<br />

Phase C1 and C2 tests, meaningful<br />

evaluations within a particular<br />

test is not necessarily possible,<br />

especially where there is only one<br />

or a few bulls in a particular test.<br />

In order to overcome this problem,<br />

all Phase C tests are standardised<br />

in terms of nutrition, management,<br />

test length as well as arrival weight<br />

and age of the bulls. This makes it<br />

possible to evaluate bulls across<br />

tests. ADG (Average Daily Gain)<br />

and FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio)<br />

indices are therefore calculated on<br />

the cumulative rolling average of<br />

all bulls of that breed which have<br />

been tested over the past 10 years<br />

at that particular Phase C center,<br />

regardless of how many bulls there<br />

was in a particular test.<br />

For all Phase C tests a<br />

standard feed mixture, which was<br />

specifically formulated for Phase<br />

C, is used. All bulls should be<br />

between 151 and 250 days old at<br />

the beginning of the adaptation<br />

period. The bulls should also<br />

be within certain weight limits<br />

determined by breed. The test<br />

lasts 84 days after an adaptation<br />

period of 28 days. Each bull’s feed<br />

intake is individually measured<br />

during the test so that the bull’s<br />

efficiency of feed conversion (kg of<br />

feed needed for one kg in weight<br />

gained) can be calculated.<br />

Unlike Phase C1 and C2<br />

tests where the is no minimum<br />

number of bulls required, at least<br />

10 bull calves of the same breed<br />

which do not vary more than 100<br />

days in age and which fall within<br />

certain weight limits per breed,<br />

are required for Phase C3 tests.<br />

Because a minimum number<br />

of bulls per breed per test are<br />

required, meaningful evaluations<br />

can be done within a particular<br />

test and therefore performance<br />

indices are calculated within a<br />

Phase C3 test.<br />

The importance of feed<br />

efficiency<br />

Production efficiency is a<br />

function of inputs and outputs.<br />

In a beef production system<br />

the biological efficiency are<br />

determined by the amount of<br />

nutrients used to produce one<br />

unit (kilogram) of edible beef.<br />

Feed intake and feed conversion<br />

efficiency is thus an important<br />

component of production costs.<br />

In extensive production systems<br />

it is practically impossible and/<br />

or very expensive to measure feed<br />

intake directly. Phase C is the<br />

only phase where feed intake (as<br />

a measure of biological inputs) is<br />

directly measured on individual<br />

animals and feed conversion ratio<br />

(FCR) subsequently evaluated.<br />

The direct measurement of feed<br />

intake and calculation of FCR<br />

is the most accurate method to<br />

estimate breeding values for feed<br />

conversion efficiency. Breeding<br />

values estimated for FCR which<br />

is based only on the correlation<br />

between FCR and other traits, such<br />

as ADG, is inaccurate.<br />

The value of Phase C tests<br />

Besides the purchase price<br />

of calves, feed cost is the biggest<br />

cost in a feedlot. FCR is thus a<br />

very important trait determining<br />

the profitability of a feedlot. By far<br />

the most important value of Phase<br />

C tests is that it is the only phase<br />

in the Scheme where FCR can be<br />

evaluated.<br />

Because Phase C tests are<br />

carried out under standardised<br />

conditions, it is the only stage<br />

where a bull’s actual performance<br />

can be compared to bulls from<br />

different herds of the same breed<br />

and also between different years.<br />

Regarding the breeding value of<br />

animals, BLUP methodology of<br />

course now makes it possible to<br />

determine the genetic merit of<br />

animals across herds and years<br />

without the need to test them<br />

under standardised conditions.<br />

Although all genetic<br />

evaluations in the Scheme is<br />

only within breed context, Phase<br />

C results makes it possible to<br />

compare breeds in respect of the<br />

performance traits evaluated in<br />

Phase C tests.<br />

other benefits of Phase C is<br />

similar to the benefits of Phase D -<br />

see below.<br />

PHASE D TESTS<br />

Different types of Phase D tests<br />

As mentioned before, calves<br />

can be finished after weaning<br />

for the market under different<br />

production systems and breeding<br />

objectives may vary accordingly.<br />

Therefore, the Scheme makes<br />

provision in Phase D tests for the<br />

testing of bullocks according to<br />

the producer’s choice, namely<br />

under intensive-(feedlot), semiintensive<br />

(e.g. on planted pasture)<br />

or extensive (natural pasture)<br />

conditions. The ARC is thus<br />

not prescriptive regarding the<br />

system under which these tests<br />

should be performed in order<br />

to accommodate for the needs,<br />

circumstances and goals which<br />

may vary from breeder to breeder.<br />

For a Phase D test at least<br />

10 bull calves of the same breed<br />

which do not vary more than<br />

100 days in age, are required. In<br />

order to limit pre-test effects to the<br />

minimum, it is preferable to start<br />

a Phase D test as soon as possible<br />

after the bulls are weaned, i.e.<br />

about 7-8 months of age.<br />

To evaluate post wean growth<br />

rate accurately, it is important<br />

that a certain growth rate (ADG)<br />

and total weight gain is achieved.<br />

Intensive tests last, depending on<br />

the feeding level and subsequent<br />

growth rate, 84 to 112 days after<br />

an adaptation period of at least 21<br />

days. Semi-intensive tests usually<br />

last 112 to 140 days. The main<br />

benefit of intensive tests is that<br />

the bulls’ adaptability, growth<br />

ability and, indirectly, efficiency<br />

of growth under feedlot conditions<br />

are evaluated.<br />

With extensive tests, the tests<br />

usually only start at the beginning<br />

of the next rainy season after the<br />

calves were weaned and the bull<br />

calves are about 12 months old.<br />

The maximum age at which a<br />

<strong>Hereford</strong> Joernaal 2011 Journal 93


ull can start a Phase D test, is<br />

425 days (14 months). Extensive<br />

tests can run up to a maximum<br />

period of 270 days (nine months).<br />

Usually these tests are done<br />

during the summer growing<br />

season of the veld, when the bulls<br />

are in a growth phase. The main<br />

advantage of veld tests, except<br />

for the fact that this could be<br />

cheaper than intensive tests, is that<br />

the adaptability (including tick<br />

resistance) and growth potential<br />

of bulls are evaluated under veld<br />

conditions. The main potential<br />

drawback of veld tests is that the<br />

growth rate is largely determined<br />

by rainfall and that it can be erratic<br />

and very low. As a minimum<br />

growth rate (see below) is required,<br />

this could mean that there is<br />

always a risk that a test may be<br />

canceled if the growth rate is not<br />

adequate, especially if feeding is<br />

not an option to sustain a certain<br />

growth rate.<br />

Phase D tests with bulls of the<br />

same owner is called Phase D1<br />

tests. Where two or more owners’<br />

bulls are tested together it is called<br />

a Phase D2 test. The requirements,<br />

including the maximum<br />

permissible weight variation<br />

between the bulls, for Phase D2<br />

are stricter than for Phase D1 tests.<br />

It is important to take note<br />

that veld bull tests done under<br />

the auspices of Veld Bull SA only<br />

qualify as an official Phase D test<br />

of the ARC if the club applied for<br />

the test to be done as an official<br />

Phase D test and provided that<br />

the test and all animals in the test<br />

adhere to the applicable Phase<br />

D requirements. The test should<br />

also be ended and validated by<br />

an ARC officer. Please note that<br />

only official Phase D test data<br />

is recorded and processed on<br />

the INTERGIS and printed in the<br />

official INTERGIS/Stud Book sale<br />

catalogs. This means that data only<br />

processed by Veld Bull SA (in other<br />

words not as an official Phase D<br />

test recognised by the ARC), has<br />

no official status.<br />

The value of Phase D tests<br />

Phase D testing offers many<br />

advantages over Phase B testing.<br />

Although Phase D is essentially a<br />

growth test, it offers the breeder<br />

the opportunity to evaluate many<br />

more traits. This data is then<br />

available to both the breeder and<br />

bull buyers.<br />

• All Phase D tests are planned<br />

and executed under the<br />

supervision of a technician<br />

approved by the ARC<br />

Animal Production Institute,<br />

which verify that the test is<br />

performed according to the<br />

stipulated guidelines and rules<br />

applicable to Phase D tests of<br />

the Scheme.<br />

• The ARC technician is<br />

personally present at the<br />

end of the test to weigh<br />

the bulls and record other<br />

measurements. This ensures<br />

inter alia that the test and<br />

all relevant traits evaluated,<br />

meet the scientific principles<br />

of performance testing. In<br />

addition to this, the validation<br />

of the test by an independent<br />

institution gives additional<br />

credibility to the results of<br />

Phase D tests.<br />

• A minimum of 10 bulls per<br />

test is required to ensure that<br />

a meaningful evaluation is<br />

possible. Most breeders use<br />

breeding seasons and all the<br />

bull calves that are weaned<br />

(except perhaps the very<br />

weakest) are usually tested<br />

together. This ensures that<br />

contemporary groups are<br />

usually much larger than<br />

the minimum of 10 bullocks<br />

which, of course, ensures a<br />

more meaningful comparison<br />

of the bulls.<br />

• A minimum average growth<br />

rate and minimum total weight<br />

gain is required during the<br />

testing period to ensure that<br />

growth rate can be evaluated<br />

effectively. A minimum ADG<br />

of 500 - 550g per day and a<br />

minimum total weight gain of<br />

110 - 120kg is, for example,<br />

required for medium frame<br />

breeds.<br />

• The bulls in a Phase D test are<br />

weighed regularly during the<br />

test to monitor their growth<br />

rate and for early identification<br />

of potential problems.<br />

• The scrotum circumference of<br />

the bulls is measured at end of<br />

the test by the ARC technician<br />

present. This ensures that<br />

this important fertility trait<br />

are evaluated in all Phase D<br />

tested bulls. Furthermore, the<br />

testicles are also examined<br />

for any abnormalities, such as<br />

hypoplasia, swellings or other<br />

injuries.<br />

• Shoulder height (or hip<br />

height, depending on the<br />

breed) and body length of<br />

the bulls are also measured<br />

by the technician (optional)<br />

at the end of the test.<br />

These measurements give<br />

information on the frame type<br />

of the bull.<br />

• Real Time Ultrasound (RTU)<br />

scanning of the bulls is also<br />

done (optional) at the end<br />

of the test. Subcutaneous<br />

fat thickness, intramuscular<br />

fat deposition (marbling)<br />

and eye muscle area are<br />

the traits that are measured.<br />

These measurements are used<br />

to calculate traits such as<br />

estimated slaughter percentage<br />

and red meat yield. only RTU<br />

measurements of accredited<br />

technicians are accepted, as<br />

these measurements require<br />

specialised technical skills and<br />

equipment.<br />

• Pelvic measurements (pelvic<br />

opening height and width) of<br />

the bulls can also be measured<br />

(optional) at the end of the<br />

test by a veterinarian or other<br />

accredited person. These<br />

94<br />

<strong>Hereford</strong> Joernaal 2011 Journal


measurements are used to<br />

select bulls that will breed<br />

heifers with a sufficiently<br />

large pelvic opening for easy<br />

calving.<br />

• In extensive (field) Phase D<br />

tests the number of ticks on<br />

each bull (counted in certain<br />

areas on the animal) can<br />

be recorded or scored on a<br />

regular basis during the test.<br />

These tick counts or scores are<br />

processed at the end of the test<br />

in an index indicating which<br />

of the animals are more tick<br />

resistant. With dips which are<br />

becoming more expensive and<br />

ticks becoming more resistant<br />

to dips, this is a trait that<br />

should enjoy more attention.<br />

(By the way, breeders can<br />

do tick counts or scoring<br />

themselves on animals tested<br />

in Phase B).<br />

• The growth test data, body<br />

measurements, etcetera of<br />

bulls tested in Phase C and<br />

D tests are included in the<br />

BLUP analysis that the ARC<br />

provides for the applicable<br />

breed (if, of course, sufficient<br />

data are available) and in this<br />

way these bulls get reliable<br />

breeding values for the traits<br />

evaluated in Phase C and D<br />

tests. This means that both<br />

breeders and bull buyers<br />

have reliable breeding values<br />

at their disposal to use for<br />

selecting their animals.<br />

CONCLUSION<br />

Depending on an individual<br />

breeder or breed’s specific<br />

circumstances, needs and breeding<br />

objectives, Phase C and D growth<br />

tests provide several options for the<br />

testing of bullocks after weaning.<br />

The main benefit of Phase C<br />

and D tests is that it is done under<br />

direct supervision and control<br />

of an independent body, namely<br />

the ARC, and consequently the<br />

performance test data from these<br />

phases are highly regarded in<br />

the industry in terms of accuracy,<br />

reliability and credibility. Phase<br />

C has the added advantage that<br />

FCR, economically speaking a very<br />

important trait, is evaluated.<br />

<strong>Hereford</strong> Joernaal 2011 Journal 95


<strong>Hereford</strong> Joernaal 2011 Journal<br />

97


2011 SA <strong>Hereford</strong><br />

Nasionale Kampioenskappe<br />

VERTOONVENSTER VAN DIE BESTE HEREFORDS IN SUID-AFRIKA!<br />

Een maal elke drie jaar kry <strong>Hereford</strong>telers<br />

die geleentheid om die resultate van hul<br />

fyn beplande teelbeleid aan die res van<br />

die land en mede telers ten toon te stel.<br />

Dit is wanneer die Nasionale <strong>Hereford</strong><br />

Kampioenskappe aangebied word en geen<br />

teler kan bekostig om hierdie geleentheid<br />

te mis nie.<br />

Die 2011 SA <strong>Hereford</strong> Nasionale Kampioenskappe sal<br />

vanaf die 31ste Mei tot die 2de Junie tydens die Royal<br />

Skou in Pietermaritzburg aangebied word. Die laaste<br />

maal dat die Royal Skou die gasheer was vir ’n <strong>Hereford</strong><br />

Nasionale Kampioenskap was bykans 25 jaar gelede.<br />

Dit is dus geen wonder dat KZN <strong>Hereford</strong> Klub lede<br />

baie opgewonde is oor die geleentheid om hul <strong>Hereford</strong><br />

kollegas hier in KwaZulu Natal te verwelkom nie!<br />

Die Pietermaritzburg Agricultural Society het reeds in<br />

1851 tot stand gekom en het ook hul eerste skou daardie<br />

jaar gehou! Behalwe tydens die Anglo Boere oorlog<br />

vanaf 1899 – 1902 en die Bambatha Rebellie is die Skou<br />

nog elke jaar gehou.<br />

Dit is as gevolg van die omvang van die skou dat die<br />

Genootskap in 1904 met die goedkeuring van Koning<br />

Edward VII sy “Royal” status verkry het en die eerste<br />

Royal Skou het in 1905 plaasgevind. Alhoewel Suid-<br />

Afrika reeds in 1960 ’n Republiek geword het, het die<br />

“Royal” sy naam en status behou en is die Royal vandag<br />

sekerlik die oudste, maar ook sekerlik een van die<br />

grootste Landbouskoue in Suid-Afrika.<br />

Die 2010 Royal Skou is deur 136 000 mense besoek –<br />

6000 meer as in 2009. Daar was bykans 1000 beeste<br />

op Skou en bykans 500 skape. Die Karkas Kompetisie<br />

is sekerlik die grootste Rooivleis geleentheid op die<br />

Rooivleis Kalender en hier het <strong>Hereford</strong>s hulle oor die<br />

jare deeglik laat geld.<br />

<strong>Hereford</strong>s is nog al die jare ’n integrale deel van die<br />

Royal en alle <strong>Hereford</strong> Genootskap lede, vriende en<br />

belangstellendes word hartlik uitgenooi om vanjaar die<br />

Nasionale Kampioenskappe tydens die Royal Skou by te<br />

woon.<br />

Die hoogtepunt van die aktiwiteite is die bekendmaking<br />

van die Goue Beker Wenner op Donderdag Aand,<br />

2 Junie. Hierdie Spoggeleentheid wat saamval met ’n<br />

ete is werklik iets om te onthou – en al ons <strong>Hereford</strong><br />

vertoners is reeds deur die Royal Skougenootskap<br />

uitgenooi na die geleentheid. Sal dit nie wonderlik wees<br />

as ’n <strong>Hereford</strong>teler die Goue Beker omhoog kan hou<br />

nie!<br />

Moet dus nie wag nie- kry jou diere gereed, politoer die<br />

halters en maak seker jy is by die Royal!<br />

2008 Vryburg<br />

Nasionale Kampioenskappe<br />

98 <strong>Hereford</strong> Joernaal 2011 Journal


<strong>Hereford</strong>s<br />

wil weer koning kraai in Karkaskompetisie!<br />

Deur George Nefdt<br />

vir die slagos kompetisie en die karkaskompetisie. Die<br />

KZN <strong>Hereford</strong>telers glo dat dit belangrik is om nie net<br />

die Skou te ondertseun nie, maar ook die kommersiële<br />

gedeelte soos die slagos en karkaskompetisie!<br />

<strong>Hereford</strong>telers word uitgenooi om self of van hul<br />

Bulkopers aan te moedig om aan hierdie kompetisies<br />

deel te neem. <strong>Hereford</strong>s het hulle reeds oor en oor as<br />

die wenras bewys – hier is ‘n geleentheid om te bewys<br />

dat hulle ook die karkaskonings is. <strong>Hereford</strong>s het dit<br />

reeds gedoen kom ons wys hulle weer ‘n keer.<br />

Belangstellendes kan Lizette Vermaak kontak om meer<br />

inligting te kry ten opsigte van inskrywings.<br />

<strong>Hereford</strong>telers en Besoekers aan die 2011 Nasionale<br />

Kampioenskappe en Algemene Jaarvergadering gaan<br />

ook die geleentheid kry om die Slagos Kompetisie<br />

en die Karkaskompetisie te beleef as deel van ons<br />

program. ‘n Suiwer <strong>Hereford</strong>karkas, vertoon deur<br />

Cedara Landboukollege hou nog immers die rekord vir<br />

die Karkas met die hoogste telling ooit by enige Royal<br />

Skou – dit gaan nie maklik wees om ‘n 99.97% te klop<br />

nie. Hierdie karkas was dan ook die 2009 wenner van<br />

die SAMIC Nasionale Karkaskompetisie!<br />

Die Jaarlikse Karkaskompetisie wat tydens die Royal<br />

Skou aangebied word is sekerlik die mees bekende of<br />

beroemde karkaskompetisie in Suid-Afrika. Dit is nie<br />

net as gevolg van die hoë pryse wat behaal word nie,<br />

maar ook die kwaliteit karkasse wat ingeskryf word.<br />

<strong>Hereford</strong>s het hulle die afgelope paar jaar deeglik in<br />

hierdie kompetisie laat geld! Cedara Landboukollege<br />

is gereelde deelnemers aan hierdie kompetisie<br />

met hulle <strong>Hereford</strong> inskrywings, maar gedurende<br />

2008 het die KZN <strong>Hereford</strong>klub egter besluit om<br />

ook Klubinskrywings te doen tydens die 2009<br />

Kompetisie. Die 22 osse wat sou deelneem is deur<br />

Piet Louwrens by verskeie lede gekies en al die osse<br />

vir die Klubinskrywing is deur Ewald Köhne voorberei.<br />

Soos reeds genoem was die wenkarkas hierdie jaar ‘n<br />

inskrywing van Cedara, maar die KZN <strong>Hereford</strong>klub<br />

se inskrywings was in die derde plek en <strong>Hereford</strong> en<br />

<strong>Hereford</strong>kruiskarkasse het 6 uit die top tien karkasse<br />

uitgemaak.<br />

Verlede jaar het daar nog meer <strong>Hereford</strong>s deelgeneem<br />

en vanjaar is die KZN <strong>Hereford</strong>klub en Cedara en<br />

hopelik nog ander <strong>Hereford</strong>telers reeds besig om hulle<br />

diere nie net vir die skou voor te berei nie, maar ook<br />

<strong>Hereford</strong> Joernaal 2011 Journal<br />

99


Contact Information<br />

University of Florida<br />

North Florida Research and Education Center – Marianna<br />

Marianna, FL, 32446<br />

Tel: 850-394-9124 (ext 106)<br />

Fax: 850-482-9917 • e-mail: gclamb@ufl.edu<br />

website: http://nfrec.ifas.ufl.edu/contact/GCliffLamb.shtml<br />

G. Cliff Lamb<br />

Dr. Cliff Lamb is currently the Assistant<br />

Director and Professor at the University<br />

of Florida, Florida North Research and<br />

Education Center in Marianna, Florida. He<br />

was born in Zimbabwe and went to primary school<br />

in Zimbabwe and South Africa where he matriculated<br />

from Carter High School in Pietermaritzburg. In 1989<br />

he initiated his studies abroad and graduated with a<br />

Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree at Middle Tennessee<br />

State University in 1992. He received his Master of<br />

Science (M.S.) degree in 1996 and Doctor of Philosohy<br />

(Ph.D.) in 1998 at Kansas State University. In 1998,<br />

after completing graduate school, Dr Lamb became a<br />

Beef Specialist/Assistant Professor at the University of<br />

Minnesota. He was promoted to Associate Professor in<br />

2003. In 2008, Dr. Lamb moved to the University of<br />

Florida where he was promoted to Professor in 2009.<br />

As Assistant Director of the North Florida Research and<br />

Education Center he oversees one of the largest beef<br />

cattle feed efficiency facilities in the world. In addition,<br />

he is responsible for the management of a 1,500 acre<br />

beef research facility that consists of a 300 head beef<br />

cow/calf herd and crops such as maize, peanuts, and<br />

cotton. Dr. Lamb also has a research program that<br />

focuses on applied reproductive physiology in beef<br />

cattle emphasizing efficient management systems for<br />

replacement heifers and postpartum cows. He is author<br />

of more than 60 refereed journal articles, 2 chapters in<br />

texts, and more than 100 presentations and articles in<br />

other scientific and popular press. He also has received<br />

more than $6 million in grant funding and was recently<br />

awarded the American Society of Animal Science<br />

“Outstanding Early Career Achievement Award”. Over<br />

the years Dr. Lamb has judged numerous local, state,<br />

and national cattle shows throughout the United States,<br />

including the World Beef Expo. He is married to Margo<br />

Lynn Lamb, and they have three children.<br />

For additional information feel free to access his<br />

professional website (http://nfrec.ifas.ufl.edu/contact/<br />

GCliffLamb.shtml)<br />

Kevin<br />

KP Miles<br />

Miles<br />

| 045 943 3034 | Table Hill | Dordrecht<br />

Judges<br />

I<br />

was born in Queenstown and matriculated at<br />

Kingswood College in Grahamstown. I started<br />

farming in the Cathcart area in 1972 with my late<br />

father after attending Cedara Agricultural College<br />

in Natal. We first registered as <strong>Hereford</strong> breeders<br />

in 1960 under the name Kevlynn <strong>Hereford</strong>s. The herd<br />

was started with the purchase of females from Coert<br />

Erasmus from Tarkastad and a horned bull from the<br />

Syferpan Stud in Queenstown. I currently farm a mixed<br />

farming operation comprising the <strong>Hereford</strong> Stud, an<br />

Angus Stud, an American Saddle Horse Stud and Dohne<br />

Merino sheep in the Dordrecht area, having moved from<br />

Cathcart in 1984.<br />

I became a senior cattle judge in the early 1980’s and<br />

have since judged numerous shows around the country<br />

including the <strong>Hereford</strong> and Angus Nationals. I served<br />

on the <strong>Hereford</strong> Council for 8 years from the mid 1980’s<br />

to early 1990’s. I have toured the United States of<br />

America and Canada on three occasions in the search<br />

for new genetics.<br />

Kevlynn <strong>Hereford</strong>s have never been show orientated but<br />

participated in numerous phase ‘C’ growth tests in the<br />

earlier years. Our animals did well in these tests and<br />

this is proved by the fact that we took five bulls to the<br />

performance test class at the Pretoria Show in 4 years.<br />

100<br />

H e r e f o r d J o e r n a a l 2 0 1 1 J o u r n a l

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