A land manager's guide to conserving habitat for forest birds in ...

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Unharvested Changes in forest structure following various silviculture and harvesting approaches Clear cut Shelterwood Group selection Year 30 Year 15 Year 5 Harvest - year 0 Clear cut Shelterwood Group selection Artwork: Peter Burke, Graphic Design and Editing: Lyn Thompson and Ken Elliott 42 Forest Harvesting
This table illustrates the structure and composition of a typical deciduous forest in southern Ontario under six different harvesting methods at five distinct time periods over the course of 30 years. Forests with more vertical structure or layering will provide more habitat types for a great variety of forest bird species. The unharvested condition is the starting point for each of the six cutting scenarios, and reveals a multilayered structure that is the product of a forest left undisturbed for many decades. Year 0 illustrates the immediate impact of tree removal. Year 5 shows the amount of growth and development that occurs within the first five years following harvesting. Year 15 shows the structure and composition at 15 year mark following harvesting. With shelterwood, group selection, stand improvement, and single-tree selection another harvest would likely occur around Year 15. Trees considered for removal are marked with a spot of orange tree marking paint on their stem. Year 30 shows another 15 years of growth and development on the trees that remained following the initial harvests and the regeneration from Year 0 and Year 15. Each frame in this diagram shows a different stand structure within this 30 year period. If our landscape included a mixture of these 25 varying stand conditions along with others, such as old growth, then we would provide a broad range of habitats over the long term, for a broad range of species, while also allowing for economic returns from the harvesting of wood products. Diameter-limit Stand improvement Single-tree selection Harvest - year 0 Year 5 Year 15 Year 30 Diameter-limit Stand improvement Single-tree selection Forest Harvesting 43
Page 1 and 2: Ministry of Natural Resources A lan
Page 3 and 4: A land manager’s guide to conserv
Page 5 and 6: Male Scarlet Tananger — Photo: Je
Page 7 and 8: Photo: Algonquin Museum INTRODUCTIO
Page 9 and 10: Southern Ontario has a landscape ty
Page 11 and 12: Gray tree frog — Photo: Scott Gil
Page 13 and 14: Researcher removing bird from net
Page 15 and 16: Sugar maples — Photo: Robert McCa
Page 17 and 18: of other wildlife including America
Page 19 and 20: Male Chestnut-sided Warbler — Pho
Page 21 and 22: Female American Redstart — Photo:
Page 23 and 24: Male Black-throated Blue Warbler
Page 25 and 26: Male American Redstart — Photo: G
Page 27 and 28: Artwork: Peter Burke Forest Birds i
Page 29 and 30: Flock of Brown-headed Cowbirds —
Page 31 and 32: Photo: Scott Gillingwater Source an
Page 33 and 34: Imagery produced by the Provincial
Page 35 and 36: destroy nests, and lawns that provi
Page 37 and 38: Northern Cardinal — Photo: Daniel
Page 39 and 40: Photo: Larry Watkins FOREST HARVEST
Page 41 and 42: Tree species Additional Carolinian
Page 43 and 44: Photo: Lucas Foerster normally perf
Page 45: Logging damage — Photo: Lucas Foe
Page 49 and 50: Conifer plantation — Photo: Ken E
Page 51 and 52: Silvicultural system or method Clea
Page 53 and 54: Female Pileated Woodpecker —Photo
Page 55 and 56: Hairy Woodpecker Northern Flicker P
Page 57 and 58: Louisiana Warbler Mourning Warbler
Page 59 and 60: Elderberry — Photo: Robert McCaw
Page 61 and 62: Male Northern Flicker in cavity wit
Page 63 and 64: Cedar Waxwings Mourning cloak butte
Page 65 and 66: Photo: Doug Tozer GUIDELINES FOR FO
Page 67 and 68: Barred Owl — Photo: Dan Kaiser Ol
Page 69 and 70: Redwoods —Photo: Jarrid Spicer so
Page 71 and 72: Photo: Lucas Foerster 6. Retain cav
Page 73 and 74: Types of Cavity Trees escape or roo
Page 75 and 76: 9. Limit timing of harvesting activ
Page 77 and 78: Blackberry — Photo: Robert McCaw
Page 79 and 80: that are similar to the historic va
Page 81 and 82: Great Crested Flycatcher — Photo:
Page 83 and 84: hazards, harvest during winter on f
Page 85 and 86: potential. In these cases, the mana
Page 87 and 88: Male Blue-winged Warbler — Photo:
Page 89 and 90: Trembling aspen — Photo: Robert M
Page 91 and 92: M. C. Brittingham and S. A. Temple.
Page 93 and 94: Glossary of Terms abiotic — non-l
Page 95 and 96: conk — hard bracket or shelf fung
Page 97 and 98:
ground cover — the layer of veget
Page 99 and 100:
nurse crop — any tree, shrub, or
Page 101 and 102:
site preparation — chemical (e.g.
Page 103 and 104:
Chestnut-sided Warbler — Photo: B
Page 105 and 106:
Diet The Ruffed Grouse diet is comp
Page 107 and 108:
Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes er
Page 109 and 110:
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicu
Page 111 and 112:
Hairy Woodpecker Picoides villosus
Page 113 and 114:
Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pilea
Page 115 and 116:
Acadian Flycatcher Empidonax viresc
Page 117 and 118:
Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus 19 m
Page 119 and 120:
Black-capped Chickadee Poecile atri
Page 121 and 122:
Brown Creeper Certhia americana The
Page 123 and 124:
Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina Di
Page 125 and 126:
Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis
Page 127 and 128:
Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora chr
Page 129 and 130:
Cerulean Warbler Dendroica cerulea
Page 131 and 132:
Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla In Ont
Page 133 and 134:
Hooded Warbler Wilsonia citrina Fem
Page 135 and 136:
Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardin
Page 137 and 138:
Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea Fem
Page 139 and 140:
List of Photographers Al Woodliffe
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