RPR-2011-17 - ERIA

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LIST OF PROJECT MEMBERSPROF. DR. FUKUNARI KIMURA (Project Supervisor): Chief Economist, EconomicResearch Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (<strong>ERIA</strong>), Indonesia; Professor,Faculty of Economics, Keio University, Japan.PROF. DR. YANRUI WU (Project Leader): Professor, Economic Department,University of Western Australia, Australia.DR. XUNPENG SHI (Project Coordinator): Energy Economist, Economic ResearchInstitute for ASEAN and East Asia (<strong>ERIA</strong>), Indonesia.DR. SUN XUEGONG: Deputy Director, Institute of Economic Research, NationalDevelopment and Reform Commission, China.DR. ZENG ZHENG: Associate Professor, Institute of Economic Research, NationalDevelopment and Reform Commission, China.DR. GUO LIYAN: Associate Professor, Institute of Economic Research, NationalDevelopment and Reform Commission, China.DR. YU SHENG: Associate Research Fellow, Australian National University,Australia.DR. YOUNGHO CHANG: Assistant Professor, Division of Economics, School ofHumanities and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore.DR. YANFEI LI: Research Fellow, Energy Research Institute, Nanyang TechnologicalUniversity, Singapore.DR. NGUYEN QUOC KHANH: Independent Researcher, Former Senior Researcher ofInstitute of Energy, Vietnam.DR. KHALID ABDUL HAMID: Senior Research Fellow, Malaysian Institute ofEconomic Research, Malaysia.DR. ZAKARIAH ABDUL RASHID: Executive Director, Malaysian Institute ofEconomic Research, Malaysia.DR. TRI WIDODO: Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics and Business,Gajahmada University, Indonesia.ii
Page 1: ERIA Research Project Report 2011,
Page 5 and 6: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. Background and
Page 7 and 8: accessing fuel and finance for priv
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 1The Electricity Sector Lea
Page 11 and 12: developed, they could play a role i
Page 13 and 14: 25% in 2009, Cambodia is expected t
Page 15 and 16: With regards to income distribution
Page 17 and 18: 1. Continuously work toward a close
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER 2Economic Development, Ener
Page 21 and 22: country studies generally lack pric
Page 23 and 24: in developed countries is still dom
Page 25 and 26: Energy Consumption Per Capita (ton
Page 27 and 28: 3. Theory, Methodology and DataFoll
Page 29 and 30: The appropriate measure of differen
Page 31 and 32: exist, at least the first column mu
Page 33 and 34: Table 1: The GMM Estimations of Pri
Page 35 and 36: un. Estimated price and income elas
Page 37 and 38: distinction between the long-term a
Page 39 and 40: elasticity of energy consumption of
Page 41 and 42: 6. ConclusionThis study uses a dyna
Page 43 and 44: Sheng, Y. and X. Shi (2011), 'Energ
Page 45 and 46: 1. IntroductionElectricity demand i
Page 47 and 48: study delivers implications on the
Page 49 and 50: e the carbon emissions per unit of
Page 51 and 52: Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malay
Page 53 and 54:
Other parameters include carbon cos
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While demand is growing fast, the f
Page 57 and 58:
Table 3: Development of Additional
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According to the summarization in T
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development of power generation fro
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Appendix A. Input Data of the Model
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Table A5: Transmission Loss and Cos
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1. IntroductionIn the coming decade
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considerably across the countries r
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Denmark). Though electricity market
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Regional electricity market integra
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Figure 4:Electricity Market Develop
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(or gentailors). Currently, the New
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to the distributors and retailers.
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Mekong Sub-regional (GMS) connectiv
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electricity businesses. Members who
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many EAS members should focus on th
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IEA (2009a), IEA Scoreboard 2009, P
Page 89 and 90:
CHAPTER 5Market Entry Barriers for
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2. Chinese Electricity Market Refor
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3. The Evolving Role of Foreign and
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of that in 1997. The decline of the
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withdrawal of big foreign players f
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eversing flow, a deeper analysis re
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e overstated. The Chinese coal mark
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otherwise they would be a prey of o
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carefully to deter risk accumulatio
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the regulatory system, and improve
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CHAPTER 6Lessons from Electricity M
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This paper is organised as follows.
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2.2. International Practice in Vert
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However, these studies do not take
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In reviewing the electricity market
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common ownership of electricity dis
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The aim of this amendment was to im
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Electricity spot prices can vary si
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Wellington, which they acquired fro
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$200 million. They concluded that N
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wholesale market. Retailers pay dis
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is the number of customers switchin
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In 2010, New Zealand enacted a new
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implementation of proposals.In summ
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Vertical integration where an elect
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2003, retail prices have been risin
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take care in using ownership unbund
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Ministry of Economic Development (1
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CHAPTER 7Cambodia’s Electricity S
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electricity sector, this paper cons
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3. Electricity in the Energy Sector
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expected to increase by as much 500
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purchasing electricity from IPPs, w
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Table 6 demonstrates monthly electr
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4. Governance of the Electricity Se
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No. Name of Standard Documents Prom
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To evaluate and resolve consumer co
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The EDC, a national utility enterpr
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Figure 6: Interconnection of Power
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government has indicated that it in
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Table 12: Transmission Master Plan
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market integration has been barely
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usiness environment. Access to affo
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ReferencesADB (2007a), Country Stra
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CHAPTER 8Impact of Fuel Subsidy Rem
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fuel subsidy expenditure at the end
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The government, however, must simul
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Removal of subsidy would impose neg
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output by 2% in the short-term (Cle
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directly affected by the shock. Hyp
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Figure 4: Flow Diagram of Circulati
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assume that reduction in fuel subsi
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of fuel subsidy removal. The multip
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households, particularly managers,
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The impacts of reallocation to outp
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Direct influence (DE) of sector i o
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Figure 6: Distributional Effect of
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Figure 8: Distributional Effect of
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5. ConclusionsThe analysis of impac
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Burniaux, J. and J. Chateau (2011),
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Schwarz, G. (2010), ‘Contribution
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CHAPTER 9Economic Impacts of Subsid
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total operating expenditure as comp
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the TNB to increase electricity tar
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Assuming subsidized and unregulated
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subsidies were even used to encoura
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Program (ESMAP, 2004), Manzoor, et
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worth of a given industry’s outpu
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X ij = a ij X jWhere a ij = coeffic
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Crude oil, natural gas & coal Petro
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household demands; export demands;
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comprehends all transactions in mon
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alance, i.e. a database is called b
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subsidy comprises 3.40 % of total i
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Figure 7: Impact of Removing Fuel S
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The higher the multiplier index rep
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Description 10%increase20%increase3
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Figure 9: Sectoral Output Post-subs
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factor input due to technical gains
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Reallocating-Pro-wage and Pro-growt
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economic and natural circumstances
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many reasons for discount, argument
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Oktaviani, R., Hakim, D. B., S. Sir
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ChangeSector CE SectorOther Manufac
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CHAPTER 10Study on the Impact of El
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To address these challenges the Gov
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electricity tariff on prices of con
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Adding superscript * to the new mat
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Table 1: Direct and Total Electrici
Page 269 and 270:
A relative measure is needed to ide
Page 271 and 272:
Table 5: CPI Increase as a Function
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