Policy Notes - TNAU Agritech Portal

POLICY NOTE 2010-11ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEPARTMENTDEMAND NO. 6INTRODUCTIONThe livelihoods of most rural and low incomecommunities in developing countries are to a largeextent based on agriculture / livestock / poultry. TheAnimal Husbandry sector plays a vital role inproviding subsidiary employment to rural folk andguaranteed household income to landlessagricultural labourers, small and marginal farmers.The majority of livestock population in the State isconcentrated in villages. Animal Husbandry alsocontributes to many other social spin offs likeslowdown of rural-urban migration, theempowerment of women and protection of theenvironment.Livestock provide economic stability to thepoor masses. They act as cash buffer in case ofsmall stock and as captive reserve in case of larger1

1. To strengthen the functioning of the AnimalHusbandry Department, 57 VeterinaryAssistant Surgeons were selected throughTNPSC and will be appointed soon inVeterinary Dispensaries. 444 Grade-IVeterinary Sub-Centres have been convertedinto upgraded Veterinary Sub Centres.412 Junior Veterinary Assistant Surgeonsselected through TNPSC have been newlyappointed in the upgraded Veterinary SubCentres.2. Government have permitted to recruit andtrain 200 individuals in District LivestockFarm, Hosur and post them as LivestockInspectors. 221 Grade II LivestockInspectors have been promoted and postedas Livestock Inspectors Grade-I.3. For appointment of Animal HusbandryAssistants, 111 Casual Labourers werebrought under regular establishment asAnimal Husbandry Assistants.4. A total of 53 Officers including 5 AdditionalDirectors, 12 Joint Directors, 29 DeputyDirectors, one Deputy Director (Personnel), 4Administrative Officers, one Senior ResearchOfficer and one Research Officer werepromoted. In addition to this, 59 MinisterialStaff were also promoted.5. A new Regional Joint Director's officeexclusively for Tiruppur District has beenestablished on 14.09.2009 for betteradministration.6. A total of 138 officials have been providedcapacity building training on various technicalaspects at various institutions in the country.7. To create awareness among farmersregarding fodder cultivation, model foddercultivation plots in the premises of veterinaryinstitutions have been laid out.VETERINARY SERVICESAnimal health care services and preventionof animal diseases is a priority for maintenance of a89

healthy stock for optimum production. Protectiveand promotional activities of the Animal HusbandryDepartment are being conducted through variousinstitutions such as, Veterinary Poly Clinics,Veterinary Hospitals, Veterinary Dispensaries,Mobile Veterinary Units, Upgraded Sub Centres,Sub Centres etc.,(a) Veterinary InstitutionsVeterinary Institutions have expanded from ahumble beginning of around 120 institutions during1959-60 to 1,374 institutions during 2009-10. Atpresent, the veterinary institutions comprising 6Polyclinics manned by Assistant Directors,22 Clinician Centres manned by Clinicians(Assistant Directors), 139 Veterinary Hospitalsmanned by Veterinary Surgeons (AssistantDirectors) and 1,207 Veterinary Dispensariesmanned by Veterinary Assistant Surgeons provide awide spectrum of Veterinary services.Polyclinics are functioning in six MunicipalCorporations namely, Chennai (Saidapet), Madurai(Thallakulam), Coimbatore, Tirunelveli, Salem andTiruchirapalli. These provide specialized services inGynaecology, Surgery and Medicine and haveX-ray and inpatient facilities. Besides these sixinstitutions, the institutions at Pollachi, Vellore,Dindigul, Erode, Kancheepuram, Thoothukudi arealso equipped with X-ray facilities. Apart fromregular treatment, these institutions are alsoconducting Artificial Insemination for improving thelocal cattle and buffaloes and are also providinghealth care through vaccination and deworming.The problems of infertility are also taken care of bythese institutions.During 2009-10, to expand the veterinaryhealth services, 444 Sub centres were upgraded asUpgraded Veterinary Sub centres manned by JuniorVeterinary Assistant Surgeons.(b) Mobile Veterinary Units55 Mobile Veterinary Units manned byVeterinary Assistant Surgeons provide veterinaryhealth services like vaccination, deworming and1011

eeding coverage like artificial insemination tolivestock reared by farmers residing in remote areaswho face difficulties to reach veterinary institutions.These Units go around their area of operation on ascheduled programme. The services provided bythese Units are well recognized by the public asthey provide benefits at the doorsteps of thefarmers. During the year 2009-10, 3.79 lakhs oflivestock were treated by these Units.(c) Sub-CentresThese centres are headed by LivestockInspectors and provide first-aid to ailing animalsbesides carrying out Artificial Insemination for cowsand she buffaloes. They also conduct pregnancyverification and yearly livestock and poultry censusenumeration work of their sub-centre area. Theirservices are also utilized for vaccination anddeworming with the technical guidance ofVeterinary Assistant Surgeon. At present, 1,385Sub Centres and 444 upgraded Sub Centres arefunctioning in various parts of the State.The species wise work done in the aboveveterinary institutions during 2009-10 is as follows:SpeciesCases treatedCastrationVaccinationDeworming(In lakhs)ArtificialInseminationCattle &Buffalo101.02 2.24 127.64 39.08 38.05Sheep &Goat81.27 6.00 37.35 202.91 -Dog 6.29 0.11 1.60 2.56 -Poultry 11.03 - 303.21 4.49 -Others 2.91 0.07 - 2.02 -Total 202.52 7.62 469.80 251.06 38.05FEED AND FODDERNutrition plays very important role in our dayto day lives towards better health. The same is truefor livestock as well. Rather, it is more importantsince it is directly linked with efficient reproductionand milk production.Feed and fodder are the major factors inenhancing farm animal productivity. The economicviability of livestock husbandry depends on sources1213

of feed and fodder as feeding cost constitutes65-70% of the total cost of livestock farming.Balanced feeding alone can bring about anincrease of 30 percent in milk production. The greenfodder resources for livestock are mainly derivedfrom grazing in grass lands and pastures, foddercrops from cropped lands, weeds, bund grasses,tree leaves and mixed forages. Crop residues,mainly sorghum and paddy straws which are poor innutritive value, constitute the major fodder forlivestock. The total area available for grazing in theState is 1.10 lakh hectares.The availability of green fodder has beenrestricted to selected areas and seasons. Rapidurbanization has resulted in shrinking of grazinglands. Besides, with the increase in the pressure ofland for growing food grains, oilseeds and pulses,the gap between the demand and supply of greenfodder has very much increased. To promote fodderdevelopment, the Government have ordered not totransfer the grazing lands for other purposes unlessalternate land of the same extent is developed forgrazing in the same district. An outlay ofRs.1014.575 lakhs has been provided for fodderdevelopment during eleventh plan in the State.Based on 2004 livestock census, the deficitof green fodder in the year 2009-10 has beenworked out as 20.10% to total demand. The Statewas in comfortable position with regard toavailability of dry fodder. As against the totalrequirement of 166.80 lakh tonnes of dry fodder, thetotal availability in the State was estimated at175.609 lakh tonnes in 2008-09. However, theestimated total availability of green fodder stood at399.900 lakh tonnes and shortfall was 100.620 lakhtonnes. Keeping this in view, the department hasbeen carrying out fodder development work undervarious schemes. To enable the landless families and poorfarmers to take up animal husbandryactivities, establishment of community feedand fodder banks with the help of Self-HelpGroups are being encouraged.1415

Distribution of fodder seed minikits free ofcost is also undertaken. During Kharif andRabi seasons of 2009-10, 21,494 and 6,125minikits of fodder seeds of different cropsrespectively have been distributed tofarmers. The department has fodder seeds, slips andtree seedling Production Units in PadappaiSeed Farm and District LivestockFarms at Hosur, Chettinadu, Abishekapatti,Eachenkottai, Chinnasalem andUdhagamandalam. Cultivation of perennial high yielding foddergrass like Cumbu-Napier, Co3, Co4, Paragrass, Kolukattai grass, Guinea grass andCongo signal grass and fodder cereals likeSorghum, Maize and Bajra are beingencouraged. Cultivation of Cow pea,Stylosanthus and Co 3 grass in coconut andmango groves as inter crop is also beingencouraged. Distribution and cultivation of fodder seedminikits free of cost, fodder crops and treeseedlings cultivation in Veterinary Institutionsare being taken up in the State. Fodder slips are supplied to the interestedfarmers from these Departmental Farms foraugmenting fodder production. During 2009-10, 190.960 lakhs of fodder slips, 32.50 kgsof fodder seeds and 0.083 lakh of treeseedlings were distributed to farmers.Under TN IAMWARM Project To meet out green fodder shortage, 2,668hectares of land under Tamil NaduIrrigated Agricultural Modernization andWater-bodies Restoration and Managementproject (TN IAMWARM) have beendeveloped with fodder crops in the years2007-08 and 2008-09. During 2009-10,2,538 hectares of private land weredeveloped with fodder crops.1617

Under National Agriculture DevelopmentProgramme (NADP) The Green fodder production, in an area of1,091 acres under irrigated condition, fodderseeds and fodder trees in 252 acres andpasture land development in 1,366 acres hasbeen taken up in six District Livestock Farms.A total of 59,030 MT of fodder is expected tobe produced. Apart from this, a total of 2,470lakh fodder slips are expected to beproduced and supplied to the farmers forraising fodder in their own lands. Further, fodder cultivation is also beingundertaken in an area of 1,540 acres offarmers’ lands. A total of 1,84,800 tonnes ofgreen fodder will be produced in a total areaof 1,540 acres. It is expected that the projectwill have positive impact throughdemonstration effect and encourage thefarmers to take up fodder cultivation.Provision of chaff cutters to avoid wastage offodder. Livestock, when fed with green fodder tendto waste a lot of these precious feed. Further,when the fodder is chopped and fed, theutilization of the fodder (both green fodder &dry fodder) is enhanced and the feedconversion efficiency also increases. Chaff cutters are being provided to 6departmental farms to chop the fodderthereby reducing wastage.Silo for sugarcane tops. The sugarcane tops are wasted after harvestof sugarcane as they are burnt in the fielditself. This biomass can be used as feed for cattle.The sugarcane farmers will be encouraged toensile the post-harvested green sugarcanetops to supplement their animal feed duringsummer. The sugarcane tops will bechopped and put into silo pits measuring7x7x4 cubic feet along with urea and1819

molasses to augment the nutritive value andpalatability. The department is in the process ofestablishing 221 silo pits in 12 sugarcaneintensive districts of Coimbatore, Cuddalore,Dharmapuri, Erode, Krishnagiri,Nagapattinam, Namakkal, Salem, Thanjavur,Thiruvannamalai, Tiruvarur and Vellore.LIVESTOCK FARMSThis department maintains 11 LivestockFarms, out of which 3 are Sheep Farms. In additionto these, one Fodder Farm and one Farmexclusively meant for breeding Poultry are alsobeing maintained. The farms are maintained forselective scientific breeding of specific species oflivestock and serve as demonstration farms andtraining centres for farmers. Moreover, theyfunction as a source for quality livestock to thefarmers.SPECIES MAINTAINED IN DEPARTMENTFARMSSheep Farm,MukundarayapuramDLF, Hosur(Cattle, Sheep,Goat Pig Horse &DLF, Ooty(Cattle)Sheep Farm,Sattur(Sh &Poultry Farm,Kattupakkam(Poultry)DLF, Chettinad(Cattle, Sheep,Goat & Pig )DLF, Abishekapatti(Buffalo, Pig &Sheep Farm,Chinnasalem(Sheep & Goat)DLF,Orathanad(Cattle, Buffalo& Poultry)LF,Korukkai(Cattle)ECBF,Eachenkottai(Cattle & Buffalo)DLF, Pudukottai(Cattle, Sheep,Goat & Pig)2021

NEW FARM POLICYThe Government of Tamil Nadu has evolveda new farm policy for maintaining breeds oflivestock at the 11 District Livestock Farms, landdevelopment and fodder cultivation in wider extentin the Farms. For this, it is proposed to propagatethe livestock breeds at their native tracts, restrictingthe number of breeds to one or maximum of two ineach farm depending on its location so as to avoidgenetic mismatch and to maintain the purity of thegermplasm.The local and growing demand in thelivestock market will be considered for this purposeand emphasis will be given to produce and sell asmany animals as possible for breeding especiallythe males to the farmers through the StateLivestock Farms. It is also proposed to take up landdevelopment by utilizing the area available in thefarms for fodder cultivation to demonstrate thetechnology, convince farmers on such alternatecrop patterns for their land to augment profitability,supply the required slips and seeds to improve thequality and quantity of fodder supply in the State.According to the new farm policy, thefollowing are the livestock breeds that will bemaintained in the department farms:Sl.No123Name of the FarmExotic Cattle BreedingFarm, Eachenkottai(Thanjavur district)District Livestock Farm,Hosur(Krishnagiri district)District Livestock Farm,Abishekapatti(Tirunelveli district)Species to be maintainedCattle -Cattle -Sheep -Goat -Pig -Poultry -Horse -Cattle -Sheep -Pigs -Poultry-Jersey, Cross bredJersey,Umbalachery, &Murrah BullsCross bred Jersey,CrossbredHolstein Friesian,Jersey , RedSindhi, KangeyamMecheri, TrichyBlack,Kodi aadu, TellicheriLarge WhiteYorkshireGiriraja, Aseel, Whiteleghorn, TurkeyKathiawar, ThoroughbredCross bred Jersey,SahiwalKilakarisalLarge WhiteYorkshire, Landrace,Landrace CrossNandanam Colourbroiler2223

Sl.No456789101112Name of the FarmDistrict Livestock Farm,Udhagamandalam(The Nilgiris district)District Livestock Farm,Pudukottai(Pudukottai district)District Livestock Farm,Orathanad (Thanjavurdistrict)District Livestock Farm,Chettinad(Sivagangai district)Livestock Farm,Korukkai (Tiruvarurdistrict)Sheep Farm,Chinnasalem(Villupuram district)Sheep Farm,Mukundarayapuram(Vellore district)Sheep Farm, Sathur(Virudhunagar district)Poultry Farm,Kattupakkam,(Kancheepuram district)Species to be maintainedCattle - Jersey, Cross bredJersey,Holstein Friesian,Holstein FriesianCrossCattle - Jersey Cross,Sheep - Ramnad White,Goat - Jamunapari,Pig - LandraceBuffalo - MurrahPig - Large WhiteYorkshireCattle - Jersey Cross,Tharparkar,Sheep - Ramnad WhiteGoat -Pig -Cattle –Sheep -Goat -Sheep -Sheep -Goat -Poultry -JamunapariLarge WhiteYorkshireUmbalacheryMecheri, MadrasRed,Tellicheri, SalemBlack,Madras RedVemburKanniNandanam colourchicken /CARI Nirbheek,NandanamTurkey – INEW BREEDING POLICYThe department is following the revisedbreeding policy for cattle and buffalo to improve themilk production in livestock and to sustain growth inthe dairy sector. Selective breeding of native breeds is to befollowed in Erode, Coimbatore, Karur andDindigul districts for Kangeyam and inNagapattinam, Tiruvarur and Thanjavur forUmbalachery and for lesser known breeds likePulikulam, Bargur, Alambadi and Malaimadu intheir respective breeding tracts. Crossing of low yielding non-descript cows withJersey or Holstein Friesian depending on theagro-climatic conditions. In addition to the use ofpurebred Jersey, high pedigreed Indian milchbreeds Red Sindhi and Tharparkar may also beused. Likewise, Sahiwal breeds may be used inplace of Holstein Friesian. Jersey crosses are to be bred with bulls of 50%Jersey inheritance and Holstein Friesian crosses2425

are to be bred with bulls of 50% HolsteinFriesian inheritance by inter se mating. Upgrading of Non-descript and Graded buffaloeswith Murrah. Pure breeding of Toda buffaloes in the highranges of the Nilgiris.CATTLE AND BUFFALO DEVELOPMENTThe total cattle population of 91.41 lakhsaccounts for 36.65% of total livestock in the State.Cattle comprises 84.64 % of the total bovinesreared in the State. The exotic, crossbred,indigenous and native pure account for 0.44%,55.79%, 6.01% and 37.76% respectively. Buffalocomprises 15.36% of the total bovine populationand 7 % of the total livestock in the State.Non-descript animals have low productiontraits but higher disease and thermal resistant traitswhereas the exotic breeds have higher productionbut lower resistant traits. Therefore, appropriateblood level crossing is derived and crossbreeding isbeing carried out.FROZEN SEMEN PRODUCTIONTo cater to the needs of the ArtificialInsemination Centres, 3 Frozen Semen ProductionStations are functioning in the State. The MinimumStandard Protocol (MSP) guidelines prescribed bythe Government of India are strictly adhered to inthese Frozen Semen Production Stations to ensureproduction of quality semen. All the 3 Stations arein the process of upgrading to ISO standards.A total number of 238 breeding bulls ofJersey, Holstein Friesian, Sindhi, Crossbred,Kangeyam, Umbalachery and Murrah are stationedin these Farms and mini straws are produced in allthe Frozen Semen Production Stations. During theyear 2009-10, 11 bulls were purchased and 78breeding bulls which were not upto the MinimumStandard Protocol were culled to improve thequality of the Frozen Semen Straws produced in theabove farms.2627

SlNo.123Name of theFarmExotic CattleBreeding Farm,EachenkottaiDistrict LivestockFarm, HosurBreeding BullsJerseyHFJerseyCrossHF CrossRed SindhiUmbalacheriKangeyamMurrahTotal31 - 50 - - 1 47 129- - 26 4 18 - 14 - 62District LivestockFarm,19 7 19 2 - - - - 47UdhagamandalamTotal 50 7 95 6 18 1 14 47 238During 2009-10, 31.78 lakhs Frozen SemenStraws were produced in the above Frozen SemenProduction Stations.Sl.No123Frozen Semen Production(In lakhs)ProposedFrozen Semen Station Productiontarget2009-102010-11Exotic Cattle BreedingFarm, Eachenkottai10.99 11.55District Livestock Farm,Hosur11.69 10.00District Livestock Farm,Udhagamandalam9.10 9.10Total 31.78 30.65LIQUID NITROGEN PRODUCTION AND SUPPLYFive Liquid Nitrogen Plants to produce LiquidNitrogen for freezing and storing semen straws arefunctioning in the State with 2 nos. at Eachenkottai,1 each at Hosur, Udhagamandalam and Saidapet(Chennai). 12 Frozen Semen Banks are functioningone each at Coimbatore, Salem, Dharmapuri,Dindigul, Madurai, Sivagangai, Tirunelveli,Tiruchirapalli, Thanjavur, Cuddalore, Vellore andChennai to store and distribute liquid nitrogen andfrozen semen straws to various veterinaryinstitutions involved in Artificial Insemination.During 2009-10, 1.42 lakhs litres of liquidnitrogen was produced in the above plants.Liquid Nitrogen Production(In lakhs)Sl.No123Liquid NitrogenPlantsExotic Cattle BreedingFarm, EachenkottaiDistrict LivestockFarm, HosurDistrict LivestockFarm,UdhagamandalamNo. ofPlantsProduction2009-10Proposedtarget2010-112 0.61 0.851 0.62 0.751 0.06 0.304 Saidapet 1 0.13 0.15Total 5 1.42 2.052829

ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION:The department introduced ArtificialInsemination with liquid semen of exotic and gradedbreeds since 1948. Further, with the introduction offrozen semen during 1975, liquid semen wasgradually replaced and all the Artificial InseminationCentres started using frozen semen from 1993onwards. Artificial Insemination work is beingcarried out at 3,258 Centres functioning in theState.Animal Husbandry Department is procuringhigh quality Frozen Semen Straws with highyielding germplasm through Tamil Nadu LivestockDevelopment Agency (TNLDA) to improve the milkproduction potential of breedable animals and forfaster multiplication of genetically superior milkproduction traits in the State. Artificial Inseminationis being carried out at 3,258 Artificial InseminationCentres functioning in the State. Apart from theabove institutions, this work is also being carried outin the camps organized for this purpose, "KalnadaiPadhukappu Thittam" camps and in remotevillages, through mobile veterinary units, by privateArtificial Insemination workers trained by TamilNadu Livestock Development Agency and byutilising the services of unemployed veterinarygraduates under World Bank assisted Tamil NaduIrrigated Agriculture Modernization and WaterbodiesRestoration and Management Project.During 2009-10, 38.05 lakhs of ArtificialInseminations were done and it is proposed to carryout 39.00 lakhs Artificial Insemination during2010-11.Year wise Artificial Insemination particularsare as follows:Sl.No1Work done Breed 2007-08ArtificialInsemination2008-09(In lakhs)2009-102010-11ProposedTargetCattle 32.19 33.35 35.52 36.30Buffalo 2.60 2.45 2.53 2.70Total 34.79 35.80 38.05 39.003031

Estimated Milk Production(In Lakh MT)ESTIMATED MILK PRODUCTION & PER CAPITAAVAILABILITY OVER 3 DECADES60.0050.0040.0030.0020.0010.000.0016.819831.0916040.6018355.8623456.732351977-78 1987-88 1997-98 2007-08 2008-09Year250200150100500Per Capita Availability PerAnnum (In Gms.)CONSERVATION OF NATIVE BREEDSThe Native pure breed accounts for 6.01%and indigenous breed accounts for 37.76% of thetotal cattle population. Native breeds are unique intheir adaptation to agro-climatic conditions of theirhabitat and management practices. They not onlythrive under harsh climatic conditions and very lowinput system but also produce albeit at subsistencelevel. Moreover, they possess favourable genetictraits like tolerance to tropical climatic stress,superior feed conversion ability to poor qualityforages and resistance to some of the tropicaldiseases.Tamil Nadu is known for its native breeds likeKangayam, Umbalachery, Burghur, Pulikulam,Alambadi cattle and Toda buffalo. The departmentin close coordination with Tamil Nadu LivestockDevelopment Agency is not only protecting theabove native breeds from further degradation butalso ensure their conservation and improvement.The department is maintaining 1 Umbalachery and14 Kangayam breeding bulls for frozen semencollection.During 2009-10, 1.89 lakh ArtificialInseminations were carried out utilizing theKangayam and Umbalachery semen. During2010-11, it has been planned to carry out 2.00 lakhArtificial Inseminations utilizing the semen of nativebreeds.SHEEP AND GOAT DEVELOPMENTSheep and Goat Husbandry is an importantsubsidiary animal husbandry activity in the State. It3233

is the primary source of income for majority oflandless agricultural labourers and supplements theincome of small and marginal farmers. It providesmeat and milk for human consumption and wooland other products for human / industrial use.Moreover, it also earns the much needed foreignexchange through export of leather products. Inaddition, sheep and goat manure play an importantrole in enriching soil fertility. As per 17 th LivestockCensus, Tamil Nadu accounts for 55.93 lakhssheep and 81.77 lakhs goats.Quality rams/bucks and ewes/does producedin the departmental farms are sold to local farmersto improve the progeny of local sheep/goat and alsofor breeding purposes. As on 31.03.2010, a stockof 99 rams, 1,477 ewes, 525 lambs and 41 bucks,287 does, 90 kids are maintained in theDepartmental Farms. During 2009-10, 563 sheepand 218 goats were sold to the farmers.Intensive Health Cover ProgrammeSheep and goats are reared mainly bygrazing thus making them highly vulnerable toparasitic infestations. These infestations causemany health problems in them like weight loss,delayed maturity, high mortality rate, low fertility rateetc., apart from making them susceptible to otherinfections. To overcome the above deleteriouseffects, the department is implementing anIntensive Health Cover Programme since 1982-83.Under this Programme, the sheep maintained byfarmers are dewormed periodically to overcome theproblems due to parasites. During 2009-10, drugsworth of Rs.40.00 lakhs were used to deworm thesheep.PIGGERY DEVELOPMENTPig farming has ample scope for providingself employment, improved nutrition and additionalincome to weaker sections of the society. LargeWhite Yorkshire pigs are bred in the DistrictLivestock Farms at Orathanad, Hosur,3435

Abishekapatti, Chettinad and Pudukottai. As on31.03.2010, 22 boars, 155 sows and 336 piglets aremaintained in the above farms. During 2009-10,1,910 pigs were sold in the Farms.HORSE BREEDINGTo revive the breeding and to conserve theequine species, one horse-breeding unit isfunctioning at District Livestock Farm, Hosur.Kathiawar and Thorough bred horses are bred inthis Unit. The stallions viz., Kathiawar andThorough bred are allowed for natural service. Atpresent, 6 stallions, 7 mares and 5 young ones aremaintained in this Unit.DOG BREEDINGOur State has the privilege of havingexcellent dog breeds like Rajapalayam, Kombai andChippiparai. To preserve these native breeds andto propagate them, a Dog Breeding Unit wasestablished at Saidapet, Chennai during the year1980-81. As there is heavy demand for otherbreeds like Labrador and Doberman, these breedswere also added to the existing unit during the year1997-98. The puppies bred in this Unit are sold tothe public.At present, the following breeds aremaintained in this unit.Sl.AdultPupsBreedsNoMale Female Male Female1 Rajapalayam 3 5 - 92 Chippiparai 1 1 - -3 Doberman 2 3 - -4 Labrador 2 1 - -5 Dalmatian - - 1 16 Rottweilar - - 1 2POULTRY DEVELOPMENTPoultry farming has undergone atransformation from being mere backyard unit to thepresent vibrant and dynamic commercial enterprise.Poultry farming took a step ahead with theintroduction of deep litter system during the late1960's. The introduction of new scientifictechniques, new strains of poultry and Californiacage system have revolutionized the industry.3637

The process was speeded up with the help ofPoultry Extension Centres, which acted asdemonstration farms and extension centresproviding training to farmers to take up poultryfarming. Moreover, widespread immunizationagainst Ranikhet disease and easy availability ofquality feeds etc. also contributed to development ofpoultry rearing as an industry. Poultry rearing whichhad been a cottage industry all along has nowbecome a big industry by itself in many places inthe districts of Namakkal, Salem, Erode andCoimbatore. There is a good potential for export ofeggs, egg products and frozen chicken meat fromour State to Gulf countries, Russia etc. The TamilNadu poultry industry contributes 16.5% ofcountry’s total poultry export.ESTIMATED EGG PRODUCTION & PER CAPITAAVAILABILITY OVER 3 DECADESEstimated EggProduction (In MillionNos.)1000080006000400020006821521974132175483941238810188001977-781987-881997-982007-082008-09Year20015010050Per Capita AvailabilityPer AnnumBACKYARD POULTRY DEVELOPMENTThough poultry farming has developed into abig industry, eco-friendly backyard poultry rearing isalso practised in the State as a profitable traditionalbackyard enterprise. It still continues to be thelivelihood preposition of several poor farmers in therural areas and contributes to 4% of the total eggproduction in the State. Backyard poultry rearingconsists of 5 to 10 birds per household and isreared with little investment. The household getsmeat and eggs from these birds. Birds are on freerange and feed on worms, insects, waste grains,white ants etc. and they convert the farm and3839

kitchen waste into egg and meat. These birds arevery susceptible to the highly fatal Ranikhetdisease. To protect the poultry from this disease,the department is providing vaccination against thisdisease on specified days at the veterinaryinstitutions and sub centres every week and also inthe camps conducted under `Kalnadai PadukappuThittam'. Apart from this, the department alsoconducts a Statewide Two Weeks Vaccination driveagainst Ranikhet disease during the month ofFebruary every year.The number of poultry vaccinated underSpecial Ranikhet Vaccination Camps stood at37.95 lakhs in 2008-09 and at 38.05 lakhs in2009-10. The egg production rose from 8044 lakhsin 2006-07 to 8394 lakhs in 2007-08 and further to8810 lakhs in 2008-09. The percentage of increasewas 4.35% for 2007-08 and 4.96% for 2008-09. Theper capita availability of egg had improved from 123in 2006-07 to 128 in 2007-08 and further to 133 in2008-09 against the required level of 180.TURKEY REARINGAs per the 17 th Livestock Census, Tamil Naduhas 0.51 lakh of turkey in which the percentageshare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes is10.45 and 0.57 respectively. With the aim ofcreating awareness on turkey rearing as one of theprofitable backyard businesses and to popularize itas rural farming and to create self-employment, thedepartment is maintaining Turkey Units at thePoultry Farm, Kattupakkam. The Government havesanctioned Rs. 68.00 lakhs to develop the TurkeyUnits at Poultry Farm, Kattupakkam. At present,191 turkeys are maintained in the above Unit.AVIAN INFLUENZAAvian Influenza is one of important zoonoticdiseases threatening mankind. Though the diseasehas not been reported in the State, the followingpreventive and precautionary measures have beentaken by the department after the outbreak of AvianInfluenza in Northern States.4041

‣ Active surveillance work is carried out byVeterinary Assistant Surgeons visiting thepoultry farms in their jurisdiction regularly forensuring poultry health / mortality reporting.‣ The bird sanctuaries are visited byVeterinarians in Animal Disease IntelligenceUnits assisted by Forest Department for thesurveillance work, especially to monitor themovement of migratory birds.‣ Targeted sera samples are collected from alldistricts and are regularly sent to SouthernRegional Disease Diagnostic Laboratory,Bangalore through Central ReferralLaboratory, Chennai for screening. So far,12,547 samples have been tested.‣ In case of unusual sickness and death inpoultry, clinical samples are collected andsent to High Security Animal DiseaseLaboratory at Bhopal.‣ Two Poultry Disease Diagnostic laboratoriesone at Andagalurgate (Namakkal) andanother at Erode are being upgraded to BSLII at a cost of Rs.22 lakhs each in order toscreen the samples collected from poultrysera in our State itself.‣ Government of India have sanctioned theestablishment of a Bio-Security Level IVLaboratory at Padappai near Chennai inTamil Nadu. An extent of 30 acres of landhas been handed over to Government ofIndia for setting up the laboratory. Thisprestigious project is being sanctioned for thepurpose of certifying Tamil Nadu as a zonefree of Avian Influenza, in case of outbreaksof bird flu in other parts of the country, so asto facilitate uninterrupted export of eggs,chicks and their products.‣ A State High Level Task Force, headed byChief Secretary to Government of TamilNadu, is monitoring the surveillance andpreparedness of the State for tackling AvianInfluenza.‣ Three hundred Rapid Response Teams(RRT) have been formed in the State and4243

adequately trained to combat any outbreak ofAvian Influenza and prevent spread of thedisease by culling of birds and disinfection.‣ A State fund of Rs.50.00 lakhs has been keptin reserve for giving compensation for thebirds culled in case of emergency.‣ A sum of Rs.85.33 lakhs has been allottedfor training in preparedness, control andcontainment of Avian Influenza. So far, 1,880Veterinarians, 1,075 Para Veterinarians,3,000 Animal Husbandry Assistants andother departmental staff for RRT weretrained. A sum of Rs.7.67 lakhs wassanctioned for training the villagerepresentatives and so far, 1,601 personshave been trained.SCHEMESGrowth in human population, rapidurbanisation, shrinking arable land, vagaries ofmonsoon, depleting water resources and oscillatingreturns from agriculture has resulted in farmers toshift to some kind of livestock rearing to earn aliving. Hence, to provide employment, to enhancethe participation of the poor in livestock rearing andas part of Poverty Alleviation Programmes, thedepartment is implementing various beneficiaryoriented schemes.I STATE SPONSORED SCHEMES1. Kalnadai Padukappu Thittam‘Kalnadai Padukappu Thittam’ is a novelscheme inaugurated on 18.01.2000 by Hon'bleChief Minister Dr. Kalaignar at Thirukazhukundramin Kancheepuram District.Under this Scheme, total health cover bothpreventive and curative is provided to livestock andpoultry reared by farmers by conducting specialcamps in remote villages where veterinary facilitiesare inadequate. On the day prior to the camp,ample publicity is given in the village andsurrounding places informing the place where thecamp is to be conducted. Pamphlets and leafletsare also distributed regarding the various servicesprovided during the camp.4445

Special camps are conducted at the rate of onecamp per month in all the 385 Panchayat unions ata cost of Rs.4200/- per camp. In these camps,various activities like health care, diseaseprevention, deworming, castration, artificialinsemination, pregnancy verification, infertilitytreatment etc. are carried out free of cost. In thecalf-rally, prizes worth of Rs.400/- per camp arebeing distributed to best calves. The above campsare conducted under the direct supervision of theDivisional Assistant Directors and monitored by theconcerned Regional Joint Directors. A team ofVeterinarians and Para-Veterinarians working in thePanchayat Union and nearby Panchayat Unions isdrafted for conducting the camps. The services ofTamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity are also utilised in needy places.In addition, exhibitions depicting variouslivestock diseases and preventive measures, fodderdevelopment measures etc. are conducted forcreating awareness among the farmers. During2009-10, 5,500 camps were conducted in which67.60 lakhs livestock and poultry were providedveterinary health services against various animaldiseases and 9.30 lakh farmers were benefited.During 2010-11, it is proposed to conduct 5,500camps at a cost of Rs.4,200/- per camp. All animalgrowers in the villages and nearby villages wherethe camps are conducted will continue to bebenefited out of these camps. Since all the servicesare provided at the farmers' doorsteps free of cost,this Scheme is very popular among the ruralfarming community.Kalnadai Padukappu Thittam (2008-09 and 2009-10)Sl.Noa.b.c.Details 2008-09 2009-102010-11(Proposed)No. of campsconducted5500 5,500 5,500No. of animalsbenefitedCattle 18,46,487 18,63,285 20,00,000Buffaloes 2,62,205 2,39,462 2,90,000Sheep 16,73,564 18,30,389 18,50,000Goats 16,69,387 17,14,339 17,50,000Other Livestock 42,857 52,251 60,000Poultry 9,08,631 10,60,095 11,00,000Total 64,03,131 67,59,821 70,50,000No. of farmersbenefited6,38,400 9,30,142 10,00,0004647

d.e.f.Fund Utilized(In lakhs)Average animalattendance/campCalf Rally(No. of calvesparticipated)231.00 231.00 231.001,164 1,229 -1,42,698 2,17,283 -2. NABARD (Rural Infrastructure DevelopmentFund)Infrastructure is the key to improve veterinaryservices, with a consequent increase in overallproductivity, growth and rural development. TheGovernment accorded sanction for Rs.5,978.92lakhs with assistance from NABARD RuralInfrastructure Development Fund X to improve theinfrastructure in the department, out of whichRs.4,380.38 lakhs was utilised for construction of 71Veterinary Dispensaries, 10 Veterinary Hospitals, 9Semen Banks, 23 Field Monitoring Units, 9 DiseaseDiagnostic Units, 82 Dressing Sheds, 146 In-patientUnits and 17 X-ray blocks. The equipments worthRs.1374.54 lakhs were purchased and supplied toveterinary institutions and diagnostic centres andRs.224.00 lakhs utilized for purchase of furniture to111 newly constructed veterinary institutions anddisease diagnostic centres.Government have accorded sanction forRs.332.50 lakhs with assistance from NABARDRural Infrastructure Development Fund XI forconstruction of bull sheds at Hosur,Udhagamandalam and Eachenkottai DistrictLivestock Farms and Quality Control Laboratories atHosur and Udhagamandalam. Construction ofQuality Control Laboratories at District LivestockFarm, Hosur and Udhagamandalam and Bull Shedwork at Exotic Cattle Breeding Farm, Eachenkottaiwere completed.II. WORLD BANK ASSISTED PROJECTS1. Tamil Nadu Irrigated AgriculturalModernization and Water-Bodies RestorationManagement (TN IAMWARM PROJECT)Animal Husbandry Department is one of theline departments involved in implementation of theWorld Bank assisted Tamil Nadu IrrigatedAgricultural Modernisation and Water-bodies4849

Restoration and Management Project. The projectis being implemented in the State from 2007 to2013 for a period of 6 years. The prime objective ofthe project is to increase income of the farmers byimproving the utilization of each and every unit ofwater resource in agriculture and related activities.For animal husbandry component, the World Bankhas allotted Rs.39.30 crores for implementingvarious Schemes in the 63 sub-basins during theproject period.The objectives of the Animal HusbandryDepartment in the Project are:• To improve the production potentialities oflivestock in the sub-basins.• To provide veterinary services and breedingsupport at the farmers' doorsteps or nearestto the farmers.• To ensure total health cover, both preventiveand curative.• To improve conception and calving rate inbovines.• To reduce the gap between the requirementand availability of green fodder.• To improve the knowledge level of thefarmers on best animal husbandry practices /techniques.The interventions by the department in the subbasinsare: Establishment of Cluster Sub basinVeterinary Extension Units to provideveterinary services and breeding support tolivestock reared by farmers in unservedareas by utilising the services of unemployedveterinary graduates. Improving the quality in delivery of veterinaryservices and diagnosis by strengthening theessential and needy infrastructure ofveterinary institutions. Increasing the availability of green fodder bybringing more area under fodder cultivation. Ensuring total health care and improving theconception rate by conducting Fertility cum5051

total health care camps and distribution ofmineral mixture. Improving the knowledge level of farmers onbest animal husbandry practices / techniquesthrough various mass communication andtraining programmes, propaganda andpublicity methods.During 2007-08, the project wasimplemented in 9 sub-basins at a cost of Rs.2.39crores. During 2008-09, in addition to the above9 sub-basins, 15 more sub-basins were taken up forimplementing this project at a total cost of Rs.3.53crores. The following activities were carried outduring the years 2007-08 and 2008-09.• 65 Cluster Sub-basin Veterinary Units havebeen established to provide breeding supportand veterinary services at the farmers'doorsteps utilising the services ofUnemployed Veterinary Graduates on PublicPrivate Partnership.• 2,668 hectares of private land have beenbrought under fodder cultivation by providingfodder inputs such as Co3 slips, maize andkolukattai grass seeds to the farmers free ofcost.• 60 Demos on Azolla cultivation have beenconducted and Azolla inputs have beenprovided to 600 farmers free of cost.• 1,380 Fertility cum total veterinary healthcare camps have been conducted.• 1,490 Farmers' interactive meetings havebeen conducted.• 7.73 lakhs sheep and goats have beendewormed periodically free of cost.• Training on best animal husbandry practiceshave been provided to 9,825 farmers.The following activities were carried outduring 2009-10 in 9 sub basins (phase I) 15 subbasins (phase II) and 20 sub basins (phase III) at atotal cost of Rs.4.34 crores. 57 Cluster Sub-basin Veterinary Units havebeen established to provide breeding supportand veterinary services at the farmers'doorsteps.5253

Artificial Inseminations were carried out to2.20 lakh animals. 2,538 hectares of private land have beenbrought under fodder cultivation by providingfodder inputs such as Co3 in 427 hectares,Sorghum in 1223 hectares, Maize in 733hectares and Kolukattai / Stylo in 155hectares to the farmers free of cost. 40 Demos on Azolla cultivation wereconducted and Azolla inputs were providedto 400 farmers free of cost. 780 Fertility cum total veterinary health carecamps have been conducted. 515 Farmers' interactive meetings have beenconducted. 9.11 lakh sheep and goats have beendewormed periodically free of cost. Training on best animal husbandry practiceshave been provided to 6,225 farmers.2. Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project(ETRP)The Tsunami waves that struck Tamil Naducaused devastation in 13 coastal Districts. By wayof providing relief and alternative livelihood, theGovernment accorded sanction of Rs.866.702 lakhswith assistance from World Bank to take upimprovement of infrastructure facilities, foddersecurity and training in animal husbandry activities.Under the above Scheme, 9 VeterinaryDispensaries, 3 Veterinary Hospitals, 13 DistrictVeterinary Extension Centres, 2 Fodder banks,12 Community Based Veterinary Worker Centresand 62 Sub centres were established. Theseinstitutions were equipped with necessaryinfrastructure facilities. In addition, as alternativelivelihood opportunities, 82 local unemployedyouths were trained on first aid, deworming,vaccination and breeding support. Besides these,10,000 interested farmers were trained on livestockrearing.5455

III. CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES1. National Agricultural Development Project(NADP)During the year 2007-08For tracking of the movement of animals totrace their origin and spread of disease outbreak, 9lakh breedable female bovines were ear tagged at acost of Rs.157.00 lakhs.Under this Project, the following componentswere undertaken.During the year 2008-09 Sheep rearing was introduced as asustainable alternative livelihood opportunityto farmers, by supplying 20+1 sheep unitwith concentrates @ 250 gm/day/animal for6 months for one Self Help Group @ oneSelf Help Group /block for 362 blocks at atotal outlay of Rs.85.43 lakhs. Awareness was created in using sugarcanetops as enriched silage for cattle feed byconstructing 221 silo pits in 12 sugarcanegrowing districts at a total outlay ofRs.56.405 lakhs. 8 Mobile Disease Diagnostic Laboratorieswere purchased to undertake spot diagnosisand eradication of diseases even in remoteareas, at a total cost of Rs.96.00 lakhs. Tracking the movement of animals at a costof Rs.217.69 lakhs by ear tagging of 13.73lakhs breedable female bovines are underprogress. Motorised (10 HP) chaff cutters with blowerswere provided to 6 District Livestock Farmsto increase the feed efficiency of cattle at atotal cost of Rs.8.286 lakhs Awareness was created among farmersabout the importance of feeding green fodderto animals, by cultivating fodder at the rate of4 acres/block at 50% subsidy with a totalcost of Rs.76.365 lakhs Mitigating fodder shortage by developingfodder cultivation in 2,709 acres of land in 65657

District Livestock Farms at a total cost ofRs.449.88 lakhs is in progress..During the year 2009-10 Genetic upgradation of livestock through 7Departmental Livestock Farms at a total costof Rs.385.03 lakhs. Purchase of 8 Mobile Disease DiagnosticLaboratories to undertake spot diagnosis anderadication of diseases even in remoteareas, at a total cost of Rs.96.00 lakhs. Development of small ruminants in 55 blocksof 4 Districts with feed cost and insurancecost at 50% subsidy for Rs.247.50 lakhs Provision of 8 Walk-in-coolers for maintainingcold chain of vaccines at a total cost ofRs.152.00 lakhs.2. Assistance to States for Control of AnimalDiseases (ASCAD)To control economically important diseasesaffecting livestock, "Assistance to States for Controlof Animal Diseases Programme (ASCAD) is beingimplemented with 75 % Central assistance and with25 % of State share. For "Training / Seminar"component, 100 % assistance by Government ofIndia is given as grant.Vaccination Particulars - (2007-08 to 2009-10)(in lakhs doses)Sl.NoVaccineTarget2007-08 2008-09 2009-10Achievement1 Anthrax 30.00 31.51 31.95 35.15 25.00 27.422 Black Quarter 20.00 20.00 20.90 21.11 6.00 6.37345HaemorrhagicSepticaemiaFoot andMouthDiseasePeste DesPetisRuminantsTargetAchievementTargetAchievement20.00 20.00 16.23 20.46 4.00 4.0083.50 82.06 183.00 169.14 192.00 110.0060.00 43.44 81.82 55.77 15.00 15.00ASCAD - Financial OutlaySl.Project costYearNo(Rs.in lakhs)1 2007-08 824.772 2008-09 1869.853 2009-10 2121.255859

Under Immunization Programme, 97% oftargeted livestock population in the State has beencovered, which has resulted in effective control ofoutbreak of diseases. The total number of outbreakof livestock diseases has come down from 316 inthe year 2007-08 to 19 in the year 2008-09 andfurther to 15 in the year 2009-10. The Foot andMouth Disease which causes major loss to livestockowners, has been controlled by double vaccinationin the year 2008-09 and the outbreak of thedisease was ‘nil’ during the year 2009-10. Theimplementation of ASCAD Scheme from the year2004-05 to this year has the salutary effect oncontrol of animal diseases in the State.3. Foot and Mouth Disease Control ProgrammeFoot and Mouth disease is a devastating viraldisease with high morbidity. The livestock affectedwith Foot and Mouth disease cause loss to thenation’s economy due to reduction in milk yield,reduced working efficiency, sterility and reduction inthe value of skin and hides.To carry out Foot and Mouth disease vaccineand control programme in a phased manner, this100 % centrally sponsored Scheme wasimplemented in Kanyakumari District from2003-2004 at 81 revenue villages covering 23Veterinary Dispensary areas in all the 9 blocks. Thishas resulted in effective control over Foot andMouth Disease in that area due to the coverage ofentire population in a planned manner.FMDCP - Financial OutlaySl.NoYearProject cost(Rs.in lakhs)1 2005-06 40.612 2006-07 12.883 2007-08 10.004 2008-09 5.005 2009-10 5.004. Assistance to State Poultry FarmsTo propagate backyard poultry with lowinput technology, to create additional avocations,employment opportunities and supplement theincome of marginal farmers, landless labourers, Self6061

Help Groups and other socially backward sectors ofthe society and thereby improving their livingstandards, the department is implementing aCentral and State Share Scheme (80:20) at thePoultry Farm, Kattupakkam. The Governmentsanctioned Rs.68.00 lakhs to develop Turkey Unitsand a sum of Rs.34.00 lakhs was released as 1stinstalment in 2008-09. Further, a sum of Rs.34.00lakhs has been sanctioned to develop infrastructureand supply birds at the District Livestock Farm,Abishekapatti.5. Integrated Sample Survey SchemeSince 1977, the Government of Indiaprovides grant in-aid to the State on 50:50 sharingbasis for the implementation of the Scheme,covering all the districts. It is being conducted forthe estimation of major livestock products such asmilk, meat and eggs and to study the AnimalHusbandry attendant practices of livestock in theState. Since the livestock products have attainedmuch importance for the purpose of planning andare considered as one among the major economicindicators, this survey is continued as a regularfeature.The season wise estimated production ofmilk, egg and meat during the year 2009-10 is asfollows:ItemMilk(Thousand tonnes)Egg(Lakhnumbers)Meat(Thousand tonnes)SummerseasonRainyseasonWinterseasonTotal1835.842 2040.977 1901.293 5778.11231499.346 37775.445 39201.074 108475.865149.311 161.801 149.674 460.7866. Livestock CensusConsidering the shorter life span of livestock,the census on livestock, poultry, agricultureimplements and fisheries is conducted once in 5years since 1951. It provides Animal HusbandryStatistics to serve as a base for planning andmonitoring developments in the field of AnimalHusbandry and Veterinary Sectors. The 18thQuinquennial Livestock and Poultry Census was6263

carried out by the department of Animal Husbandryin 2007 with a financial allocation of Rs.18.00 croreswith 15.10.2007 as the reference date.The details of 17th Livestock Census are asfollows:Species17 th Census2004 (in lakhs)Cattle 91.41Buffalo 16.58Sheep 55.94Goat 81.77Horses and Ponies 0.25Pigs 3.21Total Livestock 249.42Dogs 27.16Rabbits 0.67Total Poultry 865.917. Hill Area Development Programme (HADP)The Scheme is being implemented in theNilgiris District since 1975. During the year 2008-09,the Union Planning Commission, Government ofIndia sanctioned Rs.39.50 lakhs for implementingSchemes in Animal Husbandry sector under HillArea Development Programme. Under thisProgramme, power fencing has been providedaround the District Livestock Farm,Udhagamandalam for a circumference of fourkilometers. Farmers’ Training Centre has beenconstructed at Veterinary Hospital, Udhagamandalam.Construction of new building for VeterinaryDispensary at Thummanatty is under progress.Animal Disease Free Zone in The Nilgiris ismaintained for the 4th year.8. Co-operative SocietiesCo-operative societies for breeding sheep,poultry, pig etc., are functioning in the departmentsince 1964. The Commissioner of AnimalHusbandry and Veterinary Services is the functionalRegistrar of these societies. The objective of thesesocieties is to improve the economic conditions ofthe weaker sections by making them members ofthe society. As on 31.03.2010, 268 societies havebeen registered, out of which 81 societies areactive.6465

DISEASE PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS, CONTROLAND ERADICATION'Healthy livestock leads to healthy nation'.Several livestock diseases contribute to decreasedproduction and death, which has a direct impact onfood security and rural economy. The bacterial andviral diseases cause heavy morbidity and mortalitywhereas protozoan and gastro intestinal parasiticdiseases cause production losses. Control anderadication of many animal diseases is a must notonly for profitable livestock production but alsoessential to make our livestock and livestockproducts globally acceptable. Systematic control ofdiseases will progressively lead to its containmentfirst and eradication ultimately. Information aboutthe prevalence rate and disease burden of theState's livestock population is critical in the fightagainst livestock diseases and this forms the basisfor planning and initiating disease prevention andcontrol strategies through optimal utilisation offunds, veterinary resources and man power.A) DISEASE PREVENTION:Institute of Veterinary Preventive Medicine,Ranipet (IVPM)This department is giving paramountimportance to the prevention of diseases inlivestock and poultry. The Institute of VeterinaryPreventive Medicine, Ranipet, Vellore District isproducing vaccines and other biological productsrequired for the protection of livestock and poultry.At present, the institute is producing 5 types ofbacterial vaccines, 5 types of viral vaccines, 5diagnostic reagents, 4 pharmaceuticals and onediluent. In addition, Indian Council for AgricultureResearch aided All India Coordinated ResearchProject (AICRP) on Foot and Mouth Disease isunder operation in this Institute to undertakeinvestigation into Foot and Mouth Diseaseoutbreaks and for virus typing.6667

The vaccines and diagnostics produced inthe institute are:Sl.DetailsNoBlack quarter1. vaccine(in lakhs doses)Haemorrhagicsepticaemia2. vaccine (AlumPrecipitated)(in lakhs doses)Enterotoxaemia3. vaccine(in lakhs doses)Anthrax Spore4. vaccine(in lakhs doses)Brucella abortus5. vaccine(in lakhs doses)Ranikhet disease6. 'K' vaccine (inlakhs doses)Ranikhet disease7. 'F' vaccine (inlakhs doses)Duck Plague8. vaccine(in lakhs doses)Ranikhet Lasota9. vaccine (in lakhsdoses)Sheep Pox10. vaccine(in lakhs doses)Brucella abortus11.plate antigen (ml)Brucella abortus12plain antigen (ml)2007-0820082009-10-09 Target Production28.46 23.72 10.00 10.0830.24 18.98 10.00 7.122.37 1.19 2.00 1.7843.16 35.56 30.00 23.620.08 0as perdemand678.04 516.33 500.00 549.350 19.90as perdemand111.94 110.00 80.00 165.37105.20 144.003.53 3.09as perdemandas perdemand1,000 1270 1500 152010,500 4000 5000 5000000013.14.15.Brucella abortusmilkring testantigen (ml)Salmonellapullorumcoloured antigen(ml)CaliforniaMastitis testreagent (ml)1,000 300 1000 8100 1310 1000 28902,300 2000 2000 5000The vaccine and diagnostics produced by theinstitute during 2009-10 are as follows:(Rs. in lakhs)ItemsProduction2009-10Bacterial vaccines 118.30Viral vaccines 89.07Diagnostics reagents 0.49Diluents 1.51Pharmaceutical Products 0.76Total 210.13To meet the international standards invaccine production, it is essential to upgrade thevaccine manufacturing laboratories to GoodManufacturing Practices (GMP) standards. As afirst step, the poultry vaccine production laboratory6869

is upgraded to Good Manufacturing Practices(GMP) standards under Assistance to States forControl of Animal Diseases (ASCAD) Scheme. Theremaining Vaccine Production Laboratories andQuality Control Division at the Institute are to beupgraded to Good Manufacturing Practicesstandards.B) DIAGNOSTIC SERVICESThe department is giving utmost importanceto this component of work. "Animal Health isNation's Wealth". Outbreaks of diseases causehuge economic loss to the farming community byway of livestock mortality and decreasedproductivity. However, a disease surveillancesystem is essential to provide early warning ofoutbreaks while epidemiology helps in systematicstudy of the distribution and determinants of healthproblems. This department is monitoring thedisease situation in the State through a network of20 Animal Disease Intelligence Units spreadthroughout the State, 4 Mobile Laboratories,attached to Animal Disease Intelligence Units oneeach at Madurai, Vellore, Tirunelveli andCoimbatore and 2 Poultry Disease DiagnosticLaboratories one at Andagalurgate (Namakkaldistrict) and another at Erode. These Units are allfunctioning under the technical guidance of CentralReferral Laboratory, Saidapet, Chennai.i) Animal Disease Intelligence Units:20 Animal Disease Intelligence Unitsfunctioning in the State are as follows:Sl. Animal DiseaseNo Intelligence UnitDistricts covered1 Coimbatore Coimbatore, Tiruppur2 Cuddalore Cuddalore3 Dindigul Dindigul4 Erode Erode5 KancheepuramChennai, Kancheepuram,Tiruvallur6 Karur Karur7 Krishnagiri Krishnagiri8 Madurai Madurai, Theni9 Nagapattinam Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur10 Salem Salem, Namakkal11 Sivagangai Sivagangai, Ramanathapuram12 Thanjavur Thanjavur, Pudukottai13 Thoothukudi Thoothukudi14 TiruchirapalliTiruchirapalli, Perambalur,Ariyalur7071

15 Tirunelveli Tirunelveli, Kanyakumari16 Udhagamandalam Udhagamandalam17 Vellore Vellore, Thiruvannamalai18 Villupuram Villupuram19 Virudhunagar Virudhunagar20 Dharmapuri DharmapuriThe main functions of the Animal DiseaseIntelligence Units are: Assisting field staff in disease diagnosis. Monitoring of disease outbreaks and helpingfield staff in containment of outbreak. Monitoring of livestock health in their area. Seromonitoring in vaccine programmes. Surveillance for Avian Influenza.Apart from the above, the Animal DiseaseIntelligence Units are keeping vigil on themovement of the migratory birds around BirdSanctuaries and Water bodies and watch for anyalarming deaths among birds to observe forincidence of Avian Influenza. During 2009-10,3,64,239 specimens have been tested by the aboveUnits.ii) Poultry Disease Diagnostic Laboratory:To cater to the needs of the farmers in areasof high poultry production, 2 Poultry DiseaseDiagnostic Laboratories one at Andagalurgate inNamakkal district and the other at Erode arefunctioning. These are mainly involved inconducting post-mortem, testing of droppings, bloodsamples and other specimens for accuratediagnosis of poultry diseases. In addition, theyrender technical advice to farmers for diagnosis,prevention and control of various infectious andparasitic diseases. During the year 2009-10,1,285 poultry farms and 1,023 villages have beenvisited and 7,581 samples have been examined.Now, Government of India has decided to setup BSL II laboratories in each State to screen anddispatch morbid samples as part of routinesurveillance and samples collected from unusualmortality of poultry. The Poultry Disease DiagnosticLaboratory at Andagalurgate and Erode are the twolaboratories to be upgraded as BSL II labs in ourState. For setting up of BSL II labs, Rs.22.00 lakhs7273

has been allotted to each Poultry DiseaseDiagnostic Laboratory for the various componentsas follows:1. Modification of the laboratory(BSL II facility) : Rs.8.00 lakhs2. Laboratory equipments : Rs.12.50 lakhs3. Recurring expenditure onconsumables etc. : Rs.1.50 lakhsThe upgraded labs will also test serumsamples as preliminary screening for Bird flu virusand forward the positive samples to ReferralLaboratories for further confirmation.iii) Central Referral Laboratory:To co-ordinate the work of Animal DiseaseIntelligence Units and Poultry Disease DiagnosticLaboratories and to help the field staff in diagnosisand allied activities, one Central Referral Laboratoryis functioning at Polyclinic Complex, Saidapet,Chennai. The timely diagnosis and confirmation ofthe diseases helps in containing the disease andprotecting other animals by prompt treatment andvaccination. During 2009-10, 2,155 specimensreceived from the field have been tested and resultscommunicated. ELISA test for PPR, Brucellosis andJohne's disease, screening of farm animals forTuberculosis, Johne's disease and sexuallytransmitted diseases, screening of animals forBrucellosis and BSE surveillance have also beencarried out in this laboratory.This laboratory also deals with testing ofexport materials from animal origin and issuing ofhealth certificates. This laboratory plays a vital rolein creating awareness among poultry farmers aboutAvian Influenza and trains field veterinarians andpara veterinarians and Rapid Response Teams toact in case of emergency. As per the Governmentof India guidelines, during 2009-10, 12,547 sampleshave been sent to SRDDL, Bangalore for screeningof Avian Influenza.C) DISEASE CONTROL AND ERADICATIONAs systematic and periodical vaccination isthe key for prevention and control of variouslivestock diseases causing huge economic loss tothe farmers, the department is giving prime7475

importance to this component of work byvaccinating the susceptible livestock and poultry inall veterinary institutions. All the veterinary servicesare provided by camps conducted under "KalnadaiPadhukappu Thittam", Mass Contact Programmesand ASCAD Scheme.Control and eradication of many animaldiseases is a must not only for profitable livestockproduction but also essential to make our livestockand livestock products globally acceptable.Presence of contagious diseases prevents ourcountry in fully exploiting the international exportmarket, as our livestock and livestock productsshould comply with the zoo-sanitary specificationand standards prescribed by the Office InternationalEpizootics (OIE) to freely enter and compete inworld markets.During the year 2009-10, 469.80 lakhsvaccinations have been carried out. During theyear 2010-11, it has been planned to carry out500.00 lakhs vaccinations through veterinaryinstitutions and under other Programmes.VACCINATIONS(In lakhs)Sl.Target AchievementVaccinationNo.2009-10 2009-101Haemorrhagicsepticemia4.00 5.812 Black quarter 6.00 8.793 Anthrax 25.00 29.044Foot & MouthDisease192.00 99.965Peste-des-petisruminants15.00 16.906 Enterotoxaemia 2.40 2.257 Sheep pox 1.80 2.198 Ranikhet K 273.54 301.459 Others 1.75 3.41Total 521.49 469.80The timely and regular prophylacticvaccination of susceptible animals in the endemicareas has reduced the disease outbreaks in theState. Now, with the eradication of Rinderpest andcontainment of bacterial and viral diseases andseveral other steps taken, the State is steadilymoving towards the goal of freedom from majoranimal diseases.7677

VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTHHealth care of livestock and poultry is veryimportant for economic production of products forhuman consumption. The health care of pets, aviaryand wild life is very important in the context of theirclose association to mankind for companionshipand recreation. Nevertheless, the health care of allthe animals and birds associated with humanbeings is of prime importance to prevent theoccurrence and spread of zoonotic diseases.Zoonoses are those diseases and infections, whichare naturally transmitted from animals to humansand vice versa. Some of the services related tothese aspects are detailed below:(a) Canine Rabies Control Programme:Rabies is a viral disease of zoonoticimportance. The disease is mainly prevalent in thestray dog population and is transmitted to mankindor livestock or pet dogs due to the bite by dogs. Thedisease has higher occurrence in urban, semi-urbanand in rural villages in the stray dogs. The saliva ofthe affected animal contains the virus and thereforea deep bite results in possible transmission mostlyfrom dogs. Thus, elimination of canine rabiesconstitutes the most effective means of controllingtransmission to human beings and other livestock.With this aim, Canine Rabies ControlProgramme Units are functioning at Madurai andTirunelveli with the following objectives:‣ Systematic, periodical door-to-doorprophylactic vaccination to pet dogs againstrabies after collecting the cost of vaccineonly.‣ Post exposure vaccination of all livestockincluding dogs free of cost.‣ Creation of awareness among the publicabout the serious impact of this disease,through publicity and propaganda bydistributing pamphlets and handbills and byconducting dog shows.During the year 2009-2010, a total number of6,438 vaccinations have been done in the abovecentres.7879

) Mass Vaccination and Deworming:The department is conducting regularvaccination and periodical deworming of livestockand poultry reared in the State. Therefore,spreading of zoonotic diseases like Anthrax,Brucellosis, Taeniasis, Strongylosis, Amphistomiasisetc., is greatly reduced, besides breaking the lifecycle of parasites for which the human beings actas permanent or intermediate host.During the year 2009-10, 164.99 lakhslivestock and 303.21 lakhs poultry have beenvaccinated. Apart from this, 34.15 lakhs cattle, 4.93lakhs buffalo, 107.55 lakhs sheep, 95.36 lakhsgoats, 2.56 lakhs dogs and 4.49 lakhs poultry havebeen dewormed.C) Meat Inspection:Regular meat inspection work is conductedby the department in the 107 Registered SlaughterHouses functioning under the control of the localbodies located throughout the State. By this, thechance of getting meat borne diseases liketaeniasis, trichinosis and hydatidosis in meatconsumers is almost eliminated.During 2008-09, 1.914 lakh Bovines, 34.948lakh Ovines and 0.140 lakh Pigs have beenslaughtered and 20,541 tonnes of beef, 41,821tonnes of mutton and 670 tonnes of pork havebeen produced.EXTENSION SERVICESExtension and propaganda acts as a veryimportant tool in imparting knowledge in basic andlatest animal husbandry practices and diseasediagnosis, which in turn can play a vital role insolving many field problems and in containment ofeconomically important diseases faced by farmersday to day. Moreover, it can make the Schemesand Programmes implemented by the departmentmore transparent to the public.The department is also involving itself inconducting exhibitions at various places during localfestivals, fairs and other occasions to educate thepublic on the latest developments in animalhusbandry activities and on veterinary public health.8081

Every year, the department also participates in theAll India Tourist and Trade Fair conducted atChennai and also in the Co-operative WeekCelebrations. Latest information to farmers iscarried through mass media like Television, All IndiaRadio and the Press. In addition, leaflets, folders,pamphlets, newsletters and bulletins on the latestanimal husbandry activities and emerging diseasesare distributed to the public during the “KalnadaiPadukappu Thittam” camps, fairs, festivals andlocal shandies conducted in various parts of theState to create awareness among the farmers.Regular weekly broadcasts on animal husbandryare made through All India Radio.During the year 2009-10, the Governmentallocated a sum of Rs.3.13 lakhs to the AnimalHusbandry Department towards conducting fairsand the department participated in the followingfairs:‣ Dindigul - - Kodai VizhaKodaikannal‣ Yercaud - Kodai Vizha‣ Krishnagiri - Mangani Vizha‣ Villupuram- - Kodai FairKalvarayan Malai‣ Cuddalore - Silver Beach Fair‣ Vellore - Yelagiri - Kodai Vizha‣ Thiruvannamalai - Deepathiru Vizha‣ Chennai - All India Tourist& Trade Fair‣ Madurai - Govt. ChithiraiExhibition‣ Tirunelveli - Govt. ExhibitionA sum of Rs.79,860/- was allocated for thedepartment to take part in Republic Day Paradepageantry at Chennai.ANIMAL WELFARE MEASURESIt has been rightly said by Gandhiji “Thegreatness of a nation and its moral progress can bejudged by the way its animals are treated". Toprevent cruelty to animals and to treat themethically, the Government in coordination withAnimal Welfare Board is addressing the problems ofunethical treatment to animals in a three-prongedapproach.8283

At the Market Place During Transport In the Slaughter HousesAs per section 38 of the Prevention ofCruelty to Animals Act 1960 enacting Prevention ofCruelty to Animals Rules 2001, in every district ofTamilnadu a Society for Prevention of Cruelty toAnimals (SPCA) with the following objectives hasbeen formed:• To rescue and take care of all animals in thedistrict and administer the PCA Act 1960.• To register cases of cruelty to animals andproduce the offenders before the court forconviction.Around 92 Animal Welfare Organisationsrecognised by the Animal Welfare Board of India forimplementing various animal welfare activities arefunctioning in Tamilnadu. The Government haveconstituted State Level Coordination Committeeand District Level Coordination Committees tooversee the enforcement of Prevention of Cruelty toAnimals, Rules.Tamil Nadu Regulation of Jallikattu Act 2009Jallikattu is conducted in the villages ofSouthern Districts of Tamil Nadu every year duringPongal/Harvest seasons as a part of the festivalcelebrations for the 400 years and more. TheDistrict Administration conducts the Jallikattu in theDistricts.To regulate the Jallikattu, so as to ensure thesafety of animals, participants and spectators, a billwas introduced in the Legislative Assembly on21.07.2009 and after enactment, the act has beenpublished as Tamil Nadu Regulation of Jallikattu Acton 07.08.2009. Accordingly, Jallikattu events areconducted from the month of January to May in12 Districts, namely Ariyalur, Dindigul, Karur,Madurai, Namakkal, Pudukottai, Salem, Sivagangai,Thanjavur, Theni, Tiruchirapalli, and Virudhunagar.The above said Act came into force from 26 thAugust, 2009 onwards.8485

Implementation of Schemes during 2009-10:1. The outbreak of Avian Influenza in theNorthern States of our country has causedthe decline of poultry / poultry productexports since 2006. The poultry industry ofTamil Nadu was also affected greatly duringthe phase of outbreak, even though the Statewas free from the outbreak. Therefore, it wasdecided to take up compartmentalization ofpoultry production in the State. Under thisProgramme, it was decided to evaluate 141layer farms in poultry belt districts by anEvaluation Committee with a protocolprepared based on Office InternationalEpizootics (OIE) guidelines.2. For networking the offices of AnimalHusbandry Department through server andclient computers, action is being takenthrough ELCOT to purchase 100 computersat a cost of Rs.44.00 lakhs.3. To purchase 5 Nos. Semi Auto Analyzer withone kit to each Unit for Animal DiseaseIntelligence Units at Karur, Virudhunagar,Krishnagiri, Dharmapuri and Nagapattinam ata cost of Rs.12.50 lakhs, action is beingtaken through TNMSC.4. To purchase Haeme Analyser with one kit toeach unit for Central Referral Laboratory,Saidapet and Animal Disease IntelligenceUnits at Tirunelveli, Madurai, Coimbatore,Erode, Salem and Vellore at a total cost ofRs.35.00 lakhs, action is being taken throughTNMSC.5. To purchase Uriscan with one kit to eachUnit at a total cost of Rs.3.50 lakhs forAnimal Disease Intelligence Units atTirunelveli, Madurai, Coimbatore, Erode,Salem, Vellore and Central ReferralLaboratory, Saidapet, action is being takenthrough TNMSC.6. To purchase two Monopan balance forCentral Referral Laboratory, Saidapet at a8687

cost of Rs.3.00 lakhs, action is being takenthrough TNMSC.7. To purchase one Dark Field Microscope forCentral Referral Laboratory, Saidapet at acost of Rs.5.00 lakhs, action is being takenthrough TNMSC.8. To purchase 2 Nos. deep freezers to CentralReferral Laboratory, Saidapet at a cost ofRs.1.00 lakh, action is being taken throughTNMSC.9. For quick communication between theAnimal Disease Intelligence Units in theDistricts with the State headquarters inrespect of disease surveillance, out breakand diagnosis, Fax Machine is provided to allthe Animal Disease Intelligence Units at atotal cost of Rs.2.00 lakhs.10. The Government have passed order forreducing the Artificial Insemination chargesfrom Rs.15/- to Rs.10/-, so as to benefitcattle owners who are mostly poor ineconomic status.NEW PROGRAMMES FOR THE YEAR 2010-11During 2010-11, it is proposed to carry outFodder Development Activities in District LivestockFarms and Private lands under 975 acres, for thatpurpose Rs.127.50 lakhs is sanctioned and it is a100% Centrally Sponsored SchemeUNDER PART II SCHEMEIt is proposed to strengthen the diseasediagnosis and surveillance facilities of AnimalHusbandry Department to establish the networkingunder e-Governance and to improve theinfrastructure facilities of needy Sub centres at atotal cost of Rs.100.15 lakhs.1. It is proposed to purchase Haeme Analyserwith one kit for each unit at a total cost ofRs.30.00 lakhs to Animal Disease IntelligenceUnits at Tiruchirapalli, Dindigul, Dharmapuri,Kancheepuram, Virudhunagar and Cuddalore.8889

2. It is proposed to provide Uriscan with one kitfor each unit at a total cost of Rs.3.00 lakhs toAnimal Disease Intelligence Units atTiruchirapalli, Dindigul, Dharmapuri,Kancheepuram, Virudhunagar and Cuddalore.Proposed plan for the year 2010-11 underNational Agricultural Development Project(NADP)S.No.Scheme ComponentsTotal Cost(in lakhs)3. For networking the offices of AnimalHusbandry Department through server andclient computers, it is proposed to provide 87computers to Veterinary Institutions, ClinicianCentres and Institute of Veterinary andPreventive Medicine, Ranipet at a cost ofRs.39.15 lakhs.4. It is proposed to provide furniture to 144upgraded Veterinary Sub centres and 56Veterinary Sub centres at a cost of Rs.28.00lakhs.IIIIIIFODDER DEVELOPMENT:Fodder Development throughDepartmental Farms Fodder SeedFarm, PadappaiIMPROVEMENT IN LIVESTOCKHEALTHProductivity improvement ofLivestock through supplementationof minerals16.3514.40GENETIC UPGRADATION OFLIVESTOCKDevelopment of Small Ruminants 297.00TOTAL COST 327.759091

TAMIL NADU LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENTAGENCY POLICY NOTE 2010-11INTRODUCTIONTamil Nadu Livestock Development Agency(TNLDA) has been established as an autonomousState Implementing Agency to implement theNational Project for Cattle and Buffalo Breeding(NPCBB) in Tamil Nadu and is functioning since 09-01-2003.The primary aim of the Agency is to increasemilk production and per animal productivity.The objective of the agency includes bringingall the breedable female cattle and buffaloes underdefined breeding programme through artificialinsemination and natural service in a phasedmanner.OBJECTIVE1. Quality control of goods and services inbreeding.2. Supply of quality genetic inputs.3. Introduction of quality bulls with highgenetic merit for frozen semen production.4. Intensification of Progeny Testing Scheme(PTS)5. Identification of elite cows through FieldPerformance Recording Programme(FPRP).6. Increasing the breeding facilities;‣ Establishing new mobile AI centres bytraining rural youth and equipping them‣ Encouraging Door-step delivery ofbreeding services‣ Facilitating stationary AI centre toperform mobile AI work by conversionof existing Stationary ArtificialInsemination Centre into Mobile cumStationary Centre.7. Support for acquisition of frozen semenand artificial insemination equipment.8. Streamlining storage and supply of liquidnitrogen.9. Conservation of indigenous breeds.9293

10. Human Resources Development throughregular training.QUALITY ASSURANCEThe Minimum Standard Protocol (MSP) ofthe Government of India for frozen semenproduction stations is implemented in the State, Thesemen stations are periodically evaluated by theCentral Monitoring Unit of Government of India toensure quality semen production.PROCUREMENT OF QUALITY INPUTS FORGENETIC UPGRADATIONDuring the year 2009-10, 7.99 lakhs frozensemen straws produced from bulls of superiorgenetic quality were purchased and supplied to theDepartment of Animal Husbandry.ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN DURING THE YEAR2009-101. Strengthening of Frozen Semen ProductionStationsa) To strengthen the Liquid nitrogen storage atfrozen semen stations, two liquid nitrogenbulk storage silos have been installed atDistrict Livestock Farm, Hosur and ExoticCattle Breeding Farm, Eachenkottai,Thanjavur.b) The modification of bull sheds and the frozensemen laboratory has been taken up atDistrict Livestock Farm, Uthagamandalamc) The modification of bull sheds andestablishment of quarantine facility at ExoticCattle Breeding Farm, Eachenkottai, hasbeen taken up.d) 3 Holstein Friesian bull calves & 6 CrossbredJersey bull calves for District Livestock Farm,Udhagamandalam, and 2 Crossbred Jerseybull calves for Exotic Cattle Breeding Farm,Eachenkottai have been procured.2. Strengthening of Artificial InseminationNetwork in the State by establishing newMobile Artificial Insemination Centresa) 22 Rural youth were trained to take updoorstep artificial insemination work duringthe year 2009-10 and action has been9495

initiated to establish new mobile ArtificialInsemination Centres through them.b) 13 Retired Veterinarians / LivestockInspectors have been provided withnecessary facilities during the year to carryout artificial insemination at farmers'doorstep.c) 4 self-employed Veterinary Graduate and 72rural youth have been provided withnecessary equipment to carry out artificialinsemination at farmers' doorstep.3. Strengthening and Streamlining of LiquidNitrogen and Frozen Semen DistributionTo strengthen the Liquid nitrogen storage atthe semen banks, two bulk liquid nitrogenstorage Silos have been installed at the DistrictCo-operative Milk Producers' Unions at Salemand Villupuram.4. Strengthening of Semen BanksCivil works have been carried out in CattleBreeding and Fodder Development Units of theDepartment of Animal Husbandry at,Coimbatore, Erode, Salem, Thiruchirapalli,Madurai, Tirunelveli, Thiruvannamalai Velloreand Chitlapakkam (Kancheepuram).5. Distribution of Young Breeding Bulls ForNatural Service19 breeding bulls have been procured anddistributed to beneficiaries for natural servicepurpose.6. Training ProgrammesTamil Nadu Livestock Development Agencyhas arranged and sponsored the followingtraining programmes during the year 2009-10.a) 5 Veterinarians of Department of AnimalHusbandry and 2 veterinarains of TamilNadu Co-operative Milk producers’Federation, working in Frozen Semenproduction stations were trained in Practicesfor clean semen production at the CentralFrozen semen production and TrainingInstitute, Hesserghetta, Bangalore.9697

) 2 Veterinarians of Department of AnimalHusbandry have been trained in QualityControl of Bovine semen at SabarmatiAshram Gaushala, Bidaj, Gujarat.c) 3 Veterinarians of Department of AnimalHusbandry and 1 veterinarian of Tamil NaduCo-operative Milk Producers’ FederationLimited have been trained in Breeding BullManagement, Frozen Semen Technologyand Artificial Insemination at BAIF, Pune.d) 48 veterinarians of Department of AnimalHusbandry have been given refreshertraining at Madras Veterinary College on“Current trends in managing infertility inbovines”.e) 56 Village level workers have been givenretraining on bovine breeding at the trainingcentres of the District Co-operative MilkProducers' Union at Vellore, Salem,Villupuram and Madurai.f) 22 rural youth have been trained to take upArtificial Insemination work.7. Progeny Testing Scheme (PTS)Progeny testing of fourth batch of 13Crossbred Jersey bulls has been completed. Thefifth batch of 23 Crossbred Jersey bulls and sixthbatch of 20 Crossbred Jersey bulls are underprogeny testing programme implemented by theTamil Nadu Cooperative Milk Producers' Federationwith the financial assistance from Tamil NaduLivestock Development Agency.8. Field Performance Recording Programme(FPRP)This programme is implemented by TamilNadu Cooperative Milk Producers' Federation withthe financial assistance from the Tamil NaduLivestock Development Agency. During the year2008-09, under the second set, 1336 eliteCrossbred Jersey cows have been enrolled frommore than 150 Milk Producers' Co-operativeSocieties of 7 District Co-operative Milk Producers'Unions covering 13 revenue districts. From the elite9899

cows enrolled, high yielding cows were selectedand inseminated with proven bull semen and thebull calves born to these cows are selected andreared for semen production in the semen stations.2 calves from the first set and 6 bull calves bornunder second set of the programme have beenprocured during the year 2009-10.9. Propaganda and PublicityA weekly 30 minutes programme titled as'Kaalnadai Selvam' is being sponsored by TNLDAand aired over Prasar Barathi (AIR) Chennai onevery Saturday at 7.30 p.m. The programmecontents include talk by experts, discussion onAnimal Husbandry topics and interviews withexperts and farmers.10. Assistance to Private AI workers22 rural youth have been given assistance ofRs.6000/- per year as support during the initialperiod of one year.11. Infertility Camps658 Cattle and buffalo fertility camps havebeen organised by the Department of AnimalHusbandry and Tamil Nadu Co-operative MilkProducers’ Federation limited and 160650 animalsof 84413 farmers, attended these camps.LIVESTOCK INSURANCE SCHEMEThe centrally sponsored Livestock InsuranceScheme is being implemented by Tamil NaduLivestock Development Agency. During the year2009-10, under the third phase, insurance of milchcattle and buffaloes has been taken up in 15districts viz., Coimbatore, Erode, Salem, Namakkal,Trichy, Thanjavur, Madurai, Dindigul, Thirunelveli,Thiruvannamalai, Cuddalore, Dharmapuri,Krishnagiri, Villupuram and Vellore with a target ofinsuring 2 lakh from the month of January 2010.50% of the premium amount is provided as grantand paid to the Insurance firm by the Governmentand 50% of the premium amount is borne by thefarmers100101

POLICY NOTE FOR THE YEAR 2010-2011TAMIL NADU VETERINARY AND ANIMALSCIENCES UNIVERSITYINTRODUCTIONThe Tamilnadu Veterinary and AnimalSciences University (TANUVAS) was establishedduring the year 1989, the first of its kind in thecountry and the brainchild of the Hon'ble ChiefMinister Dr.Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi with thefollowing objectives:♦ To impart quality education to undergraduate,post-graduate and doctoral students indifferent fields of Veterinary and AnimalSciences, Fisheries Sciences and FoodProcessing Technology.♦ To carry out research in livestock, poultry andfish production, protection and value addition.♦ To disseminate knowledge on importanttechnologies to line Departments and farmingcommunity for the sustenance and growth oflivestock, poultry and fisheries in the State.UNITS OF TANUVASThe constituent units of TANUVAS are givenin Annexure.ACTIVITIES OF TANUVASThe activities of TANUVAS in the area ofEducation, Research, Clinics and Extensionactivities are outlined below:EDUCATIONDetails of students admitted during the year2009-2010 at TANUVAS are furnished below.CoursesMadrasVeterinaryCollege,ChennaiVeterinaryCollege andResearchInstitute,NamakkalFisheriesCollege andResearchInstitute,ThoothukudiInstitute ofFood andDairyTechnology,KoduvalliTotalB.V.Sc. & AH 145 * 85 - - 230B.F.Sc - - 36 ** - 36B.Tech.19- - -(FPT)19M.V.Sc 63 10 - - 73M.F.Sc - - 19 - 19Ph.D.(Veterinary)12 8 - - 20P.G.Diploma inCompanion 1 - --1AnimalPracticeP.G.Diploma inVeterinaryLaboratoryDiagnosis1 - --1102103

M. Phil inBiotechnology8 - - - 8Total 230 103 55 19 407* including four NRI students and one FN student** including one NRI student TANUVAS Specific Mineral Array forRegions of Tamil Nadu (SMART) - MineralMixture developed and released. “National facility for PharmacovigilanceLaboratory for Animal Feed and Food safety”was inaugurated at a cost of Rs. 3.00 crores. The 13 th convocation of TANUVAS was heldon 20.11.2009 at Kalaivanar ArangamChennai. Two hundred and thirty-fourveterinary graduates were awarded degreecertificates. The inaugural ceremony of Silver JubileeCelebration of Veterinary College andResearch Institute, Namakkal along withXXV Annual Convention of the Indian Societyfor Study of Animal Reproduction (ISSAR)and International Symposium on “Expandingthe Horizons of Reproductive Technologiesfor Augmenting Fertility in Farm and PetAnimals in the Global Scenario” was held atVeterinary College and Research Institute,Namakkal. Totally, 410 scientists including 6foreign delegates participated in thesymposium. International Poultry Expo and Conferenceentitled “Technological advances in Poultryproduction, health and management” wasorganized at Veterinary College andResearch Institute, Namakkal. Totally, 64stalls put up by 53 leading poultry orientedcompanies and 5200 visitors visited the stallsduring the expo. Three faculty members of TANUVASreceived Young Scientist Award.RESEARCHExternally Funded SchemesThirty-six external funded researchprogrammes at a total outlay of Rs. 1485.26 lakhshave been sanctioned during 2009-10.104105

Plan SchemesUnder University Plan, 83 Plan Schemeswith the financial outlay of Rs.3,358.37 lakhs fundedby the Government of Tamil Nadu are in operationfor strengthening the infrastructure facilities forhigher studies, innovations, research infrastructureand dissemination of knowledge.Part II SchemesDuring 2009-10, the following two Part-IISchemes have been implemented at TANUVAS:1. Development of an Inactivated Swine fevervirus vaccine at a cost of Rs. 32.00 lakhs2. Empowerment of rural women throughrotational goat and desi fowl rearing atRs.18.00 lakhsAGREEMENTS SIGNEDa. Memorandum of Understanding has beensigned between TANUVAS and GALVmed,UK in order to commercialize TANUVASvaccines for usage at global level.b. Memorandum of Understanding has beensigned between TANUVAS andM/s. Globion Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad forcommercializing the oral pellet vaccine forNew Castle Disease. Subsequent to this, theseed virus along with technology has beentransferred and Rs. 10.00 lakhs has beenreceived by TANUVAS as one time lumpsumgrant.c. Memorandum of Understanding has beensigned between TANUVAS, Chennai andFoundation for Revitalization of Local HealthTraditions (FRLHT), Bengaluru for facilitatingcollaborative research, education, trainingand extension activities on Ethno VeterinaryMedicined. Memorandum of Understanding has beensigned between TANUVAS, Chennai andInstitute of Animal Health, Crompton(BBSRC) to work on Coccidiosis.106107

RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS IN ANIMALSCIENCESANIMAL HEALTHMesenchymal stem cell therapy in induced miceskin burn woundsBone marrow derived cellular isolation forpluripotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) havebeen standardized and characterized for pluripotentMSC markers. These cells marked for lineagetracking were used for cellular transplantation in thewound sites in mice models. The presence of GFPexpression both in vivo and in vitro for more than 30days have been confirmed. The contribution of MSCin enhanced healing of mice skin wounds is beingcarried out. Adaptation of MSC to a nativebiomaterial is being standardized.Production and characterization of monoclonalantibodies against street rabies virusThe brain tissue samples were processed forisolation in Murine Neuroblastoma (MNA) cells. Thepooled suspensions of dog, goat and calfseparately were injected into mice and twopassages were made. Simultaneously, cloning of Nand G genes of street rabies virus was done inpTriEx vector for further expression in prokaryotic /insect cell system. The developed monoclonal maybe used for diagnostics development and also fortherapeutic use in the future.Production, evaluation & standardization ofVero cell adapted live attenuated peste despetits ruminants (PPR) virus vaccine under fieldconditions.Fifty thousand doses of PPRV vaccine wasproduced in vero cells. RT-PCR amplification of Hgene of PPRV vaccine virus was done to carry outsequence analysis. A portion of the H gene wasamplified. Two parts of the H gene were amplifiedand sequenced for a field isolate. Four sets ofPPRV N gene specific primers were designed andtested in RT-PCR to find out the sensitivity of PPRVdetection. One primer set N 4 was found to be mostsensitive and could detect PPRV even in 1:1000diluted vaccine virus samples.108109

Development of a multivalent oral vaccineagainst chicken coccidiosis using localisolates”Ten attenuation trials were carried out inchicken using the 10 field isolates of Eimeria tenellacollected from Coimbatore, Namakkal, Pakkam,Vellore, Tiruchitrampalam, Thanjavur, Nellore,Chittoor, Bangaluru and Nagpur. A markedreduction in the prepatent period from 142 to 136hours with reduction in the gross lesion score from+3 to +1 were also observed in most of the fieldisolates subjected to attenuation indicatingreduction in virulence. Molecular analysis of variousEimeria species were carried out using ITS andSCAR primers for E.tenella, E.brunetti, E.maxima,E.acervulina, E.necatrix and E.mitis to evaluate themolecular changes during attenuation.ANIMAL PRODUCTIONPreparation of Dietetic frozen bifido yoghurt.Frozen yoghurt is a dessert similar to icecream but lower in fat. Frozen bifido yoghurt is aunique way of combining the characteristics of icecream and the therapeutic character of yoghurt.Incorporation of Bifidobacterium bifidum, a probioticorganism with traditional yoghurt will be highlybeneficial to the consumers. Bifido yoghurt madewith artificial sweetners will not only be highlybeneficial in exerting probiotic and possibletherapeutic effects but also in avoiding health risksassociated with caloric sweetners.Formulation of a sugar free icecreamSucralose could be satisfactorily used in thepreparation of acceptable quality ice creamreplacing even upto 100 percent of sugar. Further, itwas observed that a maximum of 50 percent ofAcesulfame k with sugar and 75 percent ofNeotame with sugar could be satisfactorily used inthe preparation of good quality ice cream.Development of synbiotic ice creamAbout 100 ml of control, probiotic andsynbiotic ice creams were served to the volunteersfor 15 days and their faecal samples were analyzedfor pH, L. acidophilus and coliform counts on days0, 7 and 15. Consumption of probiotic and110111

synbiotics in ice cream significantly reduced thefaecal pH. There was no significant difference in thepH within the synbiotic treatment groups. Probioticsupplemented ice cream gave significantly higherfaecal L. acidophilus counts than the control groupon days 7 and 15. Honey and inulin incorporatedsynbiotic ice cream gave significantly higher faecalL. acidophilus count than the maltodextrinincorporated synbiotic ice cream on days both 7and 15. Incorporation of probiotic or synbiotic in icecream significantly reduced the faecal coliformcount compared to control. Inulin and honeyincorporated synbiotic ice cream fed groups hadsignificantly higher reduction in the faecal coliformcount than the maltodextrin synbiotic ice cream fedgroup.Validating the research on mineral map of TamilNaduFour different combinations of mineralmixtures were formulated with inclusion of cobalt inall the area specific mineral mixture.(A) Calcium, phosphorus, cobalt, copper, zinc andmagnesium for districts of Coimbatore,Kancheepuram, Kanyakumari, Madurai,Nagapattinam, Sivgangai, Thiruvallur,Thoothukodi, Trichy, Thiruvarur,Thiruvannamalai and Virudunagar(B) Calcium, phosphorus, cobalt, copper, and zincfor districts of Dindigul, Dharmapuri, Erode,Namakkal, Salem, Thirunelveli, Villupuram andVellore(C) Calcium, phosphorus, cobalt, and copper fordistricts of Cuddalore, The Nilgiris, Karur,Krishnagiri, Perambalur and Theni(D) Calcium, phosphorus, cobalt, copper andmagnesium for districts of Pudukkottai,Ramanathapuram and Thanjavur.CLINICAL SERVICESTANUVAS is offering clinical services to thepet and livestock owners round the clock and thedetails are given below :112113

Out-patient Cases treated during the year2009-2010DescriptionMadrasVeterinaryCollege,Vepery,ChennaiHospitalsVeterinaryUniversityPeripheralHospital,MadhavaramVeterinaryCollegeandResearchInstitute,NamakkalCanine 50485 9810 5268Bovine 13450 2323 3356Feline 1728 176 146Equine 1851 127 52Caprine/Ovine 4422 813 2518Avian 1440 589 1617Others 483 191 127Total 73859 14029 13084Inpatient facilitiesIn Madras Veterinary college teaching hospitalat Vepery, 209 large and 211 small animalswere admitted and treated as in-patients forvarious ailments.At Veterinary College and Research Institute,Namakkal, 2138 large animals were admittedand treated as in-patients. A separate quarantine unit to house animalssuspected for rabies is functioning, in Veperyand Namakkal.Infrastructure and facilities available1. Laparoscope Illumination & Documentationunit2. Canine Laparoscope3. Ultra Sound Scanner - Veterinary LinearScanner with rectal probe4. Ophthalmology with Phaco Emulcifier5. Oxygen generator6. Colour Doppler Ultrasound-SSD-3500 SV7. Real Time Harmonic Volume Mode Probe8. Trinocular Microscope with digital photomicrographic attachment9. Flexible Fibroscope for Deep LungExamination and Urethrocytoscopy for maledogs114115

Laboratory services• National facility for PharmacovigilanceLaboratory for Animal Feed and FoodsafetyThis laboratory is involved in analysis ofMycotoxins, Pesticide residues in animalfeed and food substances. During 2009-10,3052 samples were analysed for mycotoxinsand pesticide residues. Out of the 1124samples tested for aflatoxin, 191(17%)samples were positive for aflatoxin. Of the807 samples tested for multitoxin, citrinin andochratoxin A, 672 (83%) were positive formultitoxin and 31 (4%) were positive forcitrinin. Of the 126 samples tested forantibiotic residue (Furazolidone-Furaltadone), 3 (2%) were positive. Nitratetest was done to 12 samples of which 10were positive and four samples done fornitrite test, of which all the four were positive.The results were communicated to theentrepreneurs / farmers so as to enable themto formulate their animal / poultry feed freefrom toxic residues.• Animal Feed Analytical and QualityControl Laboratory, NamakkalA total of 2256 poultry and livestockprogressive farmers from various parts ofTamil Nadu and other states were advisedregarding analysis of feed ingredients andfeeds and were counseled on variousproblems in feeding practices. During thereporting period, 13,730 samples were testedand 33,118 analyses done at this laboratory.• Leptospirosis Research Laboratory,MadhavaramA total of 10,316 human serum samples and433 animal serum samples from suspectedcases were screened by MicroscopicAgglutination Test (MAT) for detection ofleptospiral antibody. Out of 10,316 humansamples tested, 8,494 (82.34%) were foundpositive. The predominant serogroup was116117

Australis followed by Autumnalis andJavanica. Out of the 433 animal samplestested, 304 (70.21%) samples were foundpositive. The predominant serogroup wasAutumnalis.EXTENSION ACTIVITIESThe Directorate of Extension Education isfunctioning with the objective of planning andexecution of all outreach programmes of theUniversity in close coordination with other linedepartments / agencies such as the Dept. of AnimalHusbandry, Tamil Nadu Co-operative MilkProducers’ Federation Ltd., Tamil Nadu LivestockDevelopment Agency and other Governmentorganizations. The activities undertaken by theDirectorate of Extension Education are furnishedbelow.Training Programmes Conducted during 2009-2010Title of theTrainingProgrammeNo. ofTrainingProgrammesOncampusOffcampusMenSC/STWomenBeneficiariesMenOthersWomenTotalDairy farming 103 178 862 2556 3333 3953 10704Sheep & Goatfarming91 70 617 737 2110 852 4316PoultryFarming66 34 364 542 1626 639 3171TurkeyFarming32 5 110 41 423 163 737JapaneseQuail farming17 8 92 44 291 122 549Pig farming 24 7 166 69 649 100 984Rabbit farming 19 7 71 148 239 113 571Milk and Milkproducts7 22 136 208 341 565 1250Home Science 20 29 40 86 247 695 1068Horticulture 44 36 257 425 1309 1101 3092Integratedlivestock 36 53 568 1615 897 1487 4567farmingFish farming /Ornamental 35 26 98 100 645 949 1792fish cultureCrop Science 2 42 34 76AgriculturalEngineering31 65 337 381 1298 979 2995Feed andFodder19 9 75 76 387 169 707CultivationAnimalScience31 12 174 194 719 344 1431Calf rearing 2 5 15 14 32 20 81118119

Other Extension ActivitiesFarmer’s QueriesBy Post 7305In Person 18162By Field Visit 6606By Telephone 8152By Email 487By Touch Screen 2666Radio Programmes 71Television Programmes 85Exhibitions 152TOTAL 43686Technologies developed :Products1. Multi-nutrient Blocks for Small ruminantsThe technique of preparation of Multi-nutrientBlocks for Small ruminants was standardizedby the Department of Animal Nutrition, VC &RI., Namakkal. The Cost of the block isRs.7.00 per kg. Level of intake: Sheep – 19 gper day / animal and Goats - 24 g per day /animal. This will supplement the nutritionalvalue for better growth in small ruminants.2. Mini laboratory type extruderThe mini laboratory type extruder wasfabricated at a cost of Rs. 1.82 lakhs per unitwith an output capacity of 20 kg per hour atthe Department of Animal Nutrition, VC & RI.,Namakkal. Using this machinery, extrusion ofgrains, full fat soya, pet foods etc could becarried out.3. Traditional styled meat pickle from spenthen meatDevelopment of traditional styled meat picklefrom spent hen meat was standardized at theDepartment of Meat Science and Technology,VC & RI., Namakkal. The technology focuseson the use of spent hen meat in preparation ofvalue added product pickle.4. Pet food incorporating dry rendered spenthen meatDevelopment of pet food incorporating dryrendered spent hen meat was standardized atthe Department of Meat Science andTechnology, VC & RI., Namakkal. The120121

technology focuses on the utilization of spenthen meat in pet food.Vaccines5. Inactivated multivalent (pentavalent)bluetongue vaccineInactivated multivalent (pentavalent)bluetongue vaccine (containing BTVserotypes 1, 2, 15, 18 and 23) was developedat Vaccine Research Centre- Viral Vaccine,Chennai. Vaccinated sheep did not show anyadverse reactions and there was nooccurrence of BT in vaccinated sheep.6. Inactivated vaccines against necroticenteritisInactivated vaccines against necrotic enteritisfor chicken was developed at the Departmentof Veterinary Microbiology, VC & RI.,Namakkal and found suitable to controlnecrotic enteritis in meat type of chicken.Vaccination against necrotic enteritis andprobiotic in broilers gave higher body weightgain than broilers vaccinated alone to controlnecrotic enteritis.Diagnostic kits7. PCR diagnostic kit For detection ofMonodon baculovirus (MBV) in shrimpsFor detection of Monodon baculovirus (MBV)in shrimps, PCR diagnostic kit was developedat Vaccine Research Centre,- Viral Vaccine,Chennai.Others8. Pulsed Electro Magnetic stimulatorPulsed Electro Magnetic stimulator has beenfabricated for enhancement of fracture healingin canines at VUTRC, Madurai. This wasfound to be superior to non invasivetechniques in enhancement of femoralfracture healing with minimal periosteal calluswithout any complication.9. Inhalation anaesthetic protocol for largeanimal surgeriesInhalation anaesthetic protocol for largeanimal surgeries was standardized at theDepartment of Clinics, VC & RI., Namakkal.122123

This can be very useful for the farm animalslike cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats inperforming complicated large animalsurgeries.RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS IN FISHERIESSCIENCES Development of Sperm BankMale fishes from different regions have beenutilized for milt collection which will be used forcryopreservation. Through the cryopreservedspermatozoa of outbred stock, we can preventinbreeding and improve hatchability. This willresult in the production of genetically improvedquality seeds for further development intobroodstock. In due course, the geneticimprovement can be brought in the seedsproduced in hatcheries of Tamil Nadu. Lobster production through fatteningtechnology for women empowerment insouthern districtsSeven training programmes were organizedfor eleven groups of women from different SelfHelp Groups and entrepreneurs of foursouthern coastal districts of Tamil Nadu viz.Ramanathapuram, Thoothukudi, Tirunelveliand Kanyakumari. Two hundred and eighteenmembers of SHG belonging to the abovecoastal areas participated in the training.Analysis of fishing practices of Gulf ofMannar Biosphere ReserveQuantitative and qualitative data on bycatch oftrawl net fishing were documented. Thirty fivegenera of fishes were recorded from trawl netbycatch from Thoothukudi coast. Saurida spp.,Upeneus spp., Leiognathus spp., Odonusspp., Therapon spp., Chirocentrus spp. andJohnius spp. were dominating in the bycatch.Trawl catch discards were recorded 60-70percent from the catches below 50m depthand 40-50 percent from the catches above50m depth.Employment generation for rural Self HelpGroup women through training onornamental fish cultureA total of 170 rural women Self Help Groupmembers of Thoothukudi, Alwarthirunagari and124125

Srivaikundam blocks have been trained onfreshwater ornamental fish culture for thecreation of self employment opportunities. Fivewomen Self Help Group members establishedcottage level adoption for ornamental fishculture and breeding practices after gainingknowledge from the trainingSCHEMES IMPLEMENTED DURING 2009-10♦ During 2009-10, Rs. 28.00 Lakhs wassanctioned to develop an Inactivated Swinefever virus vaccine. In this scheme, asuspected case of swine fever outbreakreported at Veppur and Vengaivasal wereattended and tissue materials were collected.Classical Swine fever (CSF) virus wasconfirmed by Polymerase chain reaction(PCR).♦ During 2009-10, Rs. 18.00 Lakhs wassanctioned towards Empowerment of ruralwomen through rotational goat and desifowl rearing. In this Scheme, the villages forimplementation and selection of beneficiarieswere identifiedNEW PART-II SCHEMES FOR 2010-11The following Part II schemes proposed byTANUVAS are under active consideration by theGovernment for the year 2010-11.1. Empowerment of tribal women and womenSelf Help Groups through rabbit, poultry andsheep farming in the Nilgiris district at a totalcost of Rs.20.50 lakhs2. Production of low cost progesterone vaginalsponges anaestrous dairy animals at a totalcost of Rs. 9.50 lakhs.3. Quality monitoring and certification centre forfishery products at a cost of Rs.20.00 LakhsFUTURE THRUST AREASVeterinary Development of biotechnology basedvaccines for the control of livestock andpoultry diseases126127

Mastitis control and eradication Stem cell research for development of celltherapy Conservation of native breeds of cattle intheir own breeding tract Ethno Veterinary MedicineFisheries Conservation of biodiversity of endangeredmarine species Conservation measures for preciousfisheries resources such as sacred chank,coral reefs and sea mammals. Production and breeding of exportablemarine ornamental fishes such as clown,damsel and aravana fishes.ANNEXURE COLLEGESMadras Veterinary College, Vepery, ChennaiVeterinary College and Research Institute, NamakkalFisheries College and Research Institute, ThoothukkudiInstitute of Food and Dairy Technology, Koduvalli,Chennai CENTRES OF ADVANCED STUDIES (CAS)Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence,MVC., ChennaiPoultry Science, Veterinary College and ResearchInstitute, Namakkal CENTRE OF EXCELLENCECentre of Excellence in Animal Biotechnology andImmunology, MVC., Chennai RESEARCH STATIONSSheep Breeding Research Station, Sandynallah,UdhagamandalamMecheri Sheep Research Station, Pottaneri, SalemLivestock Research Station, Kattupakkam,KanceepuramInstitute of Animal Nutrition, Kattupakkam,KancheepuramUniversity Research Station, Madhavaram, ChennaiInstitute of Poultry Production and Management,Chennai128129

VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TRAINING ANDRESEARCH CENTRES1. Coimbatore 2. Dharmapuri 3. Dindigul4. Erode 5. Karur 6. Madurai7. Melmaruvathur 8. Parakkai 9. Cuddalore10. Rajapalayam 11. Salem 12. Thanjavur13. Tirunelveli 14. Tiruppur 15. Tiruchi16. Vellore VETERINARY UNIVERSITY REGIONAL RESEARCHCENTRE, PUDUKOTTAI FISHERIES’ TRAINING AND RESEARCH CENTRE1. Thanjavur 2. Parakkai, Kanyakumari District AVIAN DISEASE LABORATORY1. Namakkal 2. Thalaivasal LABORATORIES‣ Animal Feed Analytical and Quality ControlLaboratory, Namakkal‣ National facility for Pharmacovigilance Laboratoryfor Animal Feed and Food safety, Chennai‣ Central. University Laboratory, Madhavaram MilkColony, Chennai‣ Leptospira Diagnostic Laboratory, MadhavaramMilk Colony, Chennai‣ Shrimp Disease Diagnostic Laboratory,Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai‣ Bacterial Vaccine Research Centre, MadhavaramMilk Colony, Chennai‣ Viral Vaccine Research Centre, Madhavaram MilkColony, Chennai‣ Centralised Instrumentation Laboratory, MadrasVeterinary College, Chennai‣ Centralised Clinical Laboratory, MadrasVeterinary College, Chennai‣ Animal facility at Biosafety level 2 (WHOstandard), Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai FARMERS’ TRAINING CENTRES1. Kancheepuram 2. Tiruvarur 3. Theni KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRAS1. Namakkal 2. Kattupakkam 3. KundrakudiPONGALUR N. PALANISAMYMinister for Rural Industries and Animal Husbandry130131