Report of Activities, 2005 - 2008 for Global Forum - Global Ocean ...

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and IslandsReport of Activities, 2005-2008GEF/MSP: Fostering a Global Dialogue on Oceans, Coasts, and SIDS,and on Freshwater-Coastal-Marine Interlinkageswww.globaloceans.orgDecember 2008Vietnam R O Korea Indonesia CanadaFlemish GovernmentBelgium

ContentsI. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................11. The Importance of Oceans, Coasts, and Small IslandDeveloping States ........................................................................12. Brief History of the Global Forum..............................................23. Goals and Objectives of the Global Forum................................54. Perspectives on the Global Forum..............................................55. Purpose of this Report ................................................................6II. GLOBAL FORUM ACTIVITIES 2001-2008....................................7GEF/MSP: Fostering a Global Dialogue on Oceans, Coasts,and SIDS, and on Freshwater-Coastal-Marine Interlinkages1. Advancing the Global Oceans Agenda ......................................72. Promoting Integrated Oceans Governance ............................113. Facilitating Consensus-Building on International Issues ........144. Work with Small Island Developing States (SIDS) ..................165. Long-term Capacity Building in Ocean andCoastal Management ................................................................186. Linking the Management of Freshwater and Oceansand Coasts..................................................................................217. Policy Analyses, Publications, and Information Services........238. Outreach to the Public ..............................................................24III. FUTURE DIRECTIONS: GLOBAL FORUM STRATEGIC ............27PLANNING TO 2016IV. GLOBAL FORUM ORGANIZATION AND ..................................28CONTACT INFORMATIONV. GROUPS WITHIN THE GLOBAL FORUM..................................321. Working Group Leaders and Members ......................................322. Ministerial, Donors, and Industry Roundtables ........................403. Steering Committee, Global Forum on Oceans,Coasts, and Islands ......................................................................43

The Global TheForum Globalon Forum Oceans, on Oceans, Coasts, and Coasts, IslandsIslandsI.The Global Forum onOceans, Coasts, andIslandsOceans, seas, islands and coastalareas form an integrated andessential component of the Earth’secosystem and are critical for globalfood security and for sustainingeconomic prosperity and thewell-being of many nationaleconomies, particularly indeveloping countries.— 2002 World Summit on Sustainable DevelopmentPlan of Implementation, Paragraph 30I. Introduction1. The Importance of Oceans, Coasts,and Small Island Developing StatesOceans, coasts, and islands represent an integral aspectof global sustainable development. The oceans—comprising72% of the Earth’s surface—provide essentiallife-support functions without which life on earth wouldnot be possible and support a wide array of activitieswith significant benefits to humankind. Coastal areas arethe home of 50% of the world’s population. Forty-four ofthe world’s nations are small island developing states(SIDS), which are especially dependent on oceans.Oceans, coasts, and islands support a wide array of useswith significant economic and social value. Marinetransportation accounts for 90% of international trade.Exploitation of coastal and offshore mineral resourcesprovides 25 to 30% of the world’s energy supplies andcontinues to expand, especially in deeper waters.Fisheries are important socially and economically, providingdirect and indirect livelihood for 400 millionpeople. Marine aquaculture represents a rapidly growingindustry and globally accounts for 30% of the world’sfish consumption. The travel and tourism industry is thefastest growing sector of the global economy, especiallywith regard to coastal and marine areas. Furthermore,oceans perform functions that are vital to life on earth.The oceans modulate short- and long-term climate. Onthe other hand, they also generate hazards such asstorms, earthquakes, and tsunamis.The multitude of ocean activities is placing increasingpressure on the integrity of coastal and marine ecosystemsand many oceanic, coastal, and island resources arethreatened through overexploitation. Seventy-five percentof global fisheries are either fully utilized or overutilized. Seventy percent of 126 marine mammal speciesare threatened. Fifty percent of the world’s mangroveshave been lost and important seagrass habitats are rapidlybeing destroyed. Twelve billion tons of ballast watercontaining at any one time around 10,000 marinespecies are shipped around the globe each year, spreadingalien and invasive species. Over the past decade, thefrequency of recorded harmful algal blooms resulting inmass mortality and morbidity of marine organisms hasincreased significantly. Food security for a growinghuman population drives the intensification of agriculturalproduction and results in the increased applicationof fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides, resulting in thedegradation of coastal ecosystems. Various reports have1

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Report of Activities 2005-2008highlighted that oceans, coasts, and islands are experiencingsevere degradation due to overfishing at sea, overdevelopmentalong the coasts, and increasing pollutionfrom cities and farms. This situation is reaching a crisisstate and in many places may lead to significant declinesof ocean wildlife and to the irreversible collapse of oceanecosystems.These problems are exacerbated by the effects of climatechange. The 2007 report of the Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change (IPCC) notes that climate change willhave profound effects on ocean ecosystems and coastalpopulations around the world, especially among thepoorest peoples. It is expected that developing nations inAfrica (which accounts for less than three percent of globalcarbon emissions) and in Asia would be most affectedand the developed wealthy nations far from the equatorleast affected. Asia will be particularly vulnerable to theeffects of climate change, especially in major populationcenters at low elevations such as Mumbai, Shanghai,Jakarta, Tokyo, and Dhaka. The impacts of climate changeon developing nations, especially SIDS, will be significant;the implications of these effects range from changes inocean chemistry and forecasted sea level rise to impactson ecosystems and human health. The need to addressthese issues in the oceans community is a vital first stepin combating potentially severe effects of climate changefocusing especially on the developing world and SIDS.The pressing issues affecting oceans, coasts, and SIDS callfor the mobilization of a broad coalition of interests fromdeveloped and developing countries and including all therelevant actors: governments, UN agencies and otherinternational organizations, nongovernmental organizations,the private sector, and scientific groups. No one cansolve these problems alone. A coming together of all partsof the international community is urgently needed.2. Brief History of the Global ForumThe Global Forum was first mobilized in 2001 to help theworld’s governments place issues related to oceans, coasts,and SIDS on the agenda of the 2002 World Summit onSustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg,South Africa (the ten-year review of progress achieved (orlack thereof) in the implementation of the outcomes ofthe 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro), and was laterformalized at the 2002 World Summit.In the preparatory process for the WSSD, it becameevident that ocean issues were not on the World Summitagenda. Hence, the Global Forum was mobilized to holdthe first Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, andIslands (in December 2001 at UNESCO, Paris) to lay thegroundwork for the inclusion of an oceans perspective atthe WSSD by calling attention to the economic and socialimportance of oceans, coasts, and small island developingStates and the serious problems besetting these areas.These efforts were successful in assisting governments inputting oceans on the WSSD agenda. At the WorldSummit on Sustainable Development in September 2002,Government delegates agreed on an action plan foroceans, coasts, and islands, with specific targets andtimetables for action, to address the problems and threatsto sustainable development noted above. The oceantargets and timetables found in the Johannesburg Plan ofImplementation (see Box 1) represent an importantadvance because there is now a global consensus reachedat the highest political levels that there is an urgent needto take specific actions to achieve the sustainable developmentof oceans, coasts, and of small island developingStates.The Global Forum is a response to perceived needs forfostering cross-sectoral dialogue on ocean issues amonggovernments, NGOs, international organizations, and the2

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and IslandsBOX 1.WSSD Ocean Targets and Timetables*Integrated ocean and coastal management– Encourage the application of the ecosystemapproach by 2010 for the sustainable developmentof the oceans, particularly in the management offisheries and the conservation of biodiversity– Establish an effective, transparent and regular interagencycoordination mechanism on ocean andcoastal issues within the United Nations system– Promote integrated coastal and ocean managementat the national level and encourage and assist countriesin developing ocean policies and mechanismson integrated coastal management– Assist developing countries in coordinating policiesand programs at the regional and sub-regional levelsaimed at conservation and sustainable managementof fishery resources and implement integratedcoastal area management plans, including throughthe development of infrastructureFisheries– Implement the FAO International Plan of Action toPrevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported,and Unregulated Fishing by 2004– Implement the FAO International Plan of Action forthe Management of Fishing Capacity by 2005– Maintain or restore depleted fish stocks to levels thatcan produce their maximum sustainable yield on anurgent basis and where possible no later than 2015– Eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported,and unregulated fishing and to overcapacityConservation of biodiversity– To achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of thecurrent rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regionaland national level as a contribution to povertyalleviation and to the benefit of all life on earth– Develop and facilitate the use of diverse approachesand tools, including the ecosystem approach, theelimination of destructive fishing practices, theestablishment of marine protected areas consistentwith international law and based on scientific information,including representative networks by 2012Protection from marine pollution andmaritime safety– Advance implementation of the Global Programmeof Action for the Protection of the MarineEnvironment from Land-based Activities in theperiod 2002-2006 with a view to achievesubstantial progress by 2006– Enhance maritime safety and protection of themarine environment:a) Ratify, accede to and implement IMOinstrumentsb) Accelerate the development of measures toaddress invasive species in ballast watersScience and observation– Improve scientific understanding and assessmentof the marine environment– Establish a regular process under the UnitedNations for global reporting and assessment ofthe state of the marine environment, includingsocioeconomic aspects, by 2004Small island developing States– Follow-up on the implementation of the resultsof the Mauritius 2005 review of the BarbadosProgramme of ActionWater resources management– Development of integrated water resourcesmanagement (IWRM) plans by 2005*United Nations. 2002. Johannesburg Plan ofImplementation of the World Summit on SustainableDevelopment3

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Report of Activities 2005-2008BOX 2.Major Ocean and Coastal NeedsAddressed by the Global ForumPromotion of cross-sectoral dialogue on ocean andcoastal issues. Existing fora related to oceans are largelysectoral in nature. The Global Forum addressesoceans, coasts, and islands issues in a cross-sectoral andcomprehensive manner, examining the interrelationshipamong issues, as emphasized in both the Law ofthe Sea, the 1992 Earth Summit, and the 2002 WorldSummit on Sustainable Development.Promotion of dialogue among governments, NGOs,international organizations, the private sector, and scientificgroups building consensus on how to addressinternational ocean issues. Existing fora are either intergovernmentalor dominated by private sector, NGOinterests, or scientific groups. The Global Forum providesa mechanism where participants from nongovernmentalorganizations, governments, intergovernmentaland international organizations, the private sector, andscientific groups can interact together, share information,draw lessons from existing practice, consideremerging issues, and engage in dialogue in relativelyequal numbers and on equal terms on potentialsolutions to problems.Oceans advocacy at the highest political levels. Ocean,coastal, and island issues can become lost amongstcomplex international agendas. Members of the GlobalForum serve as advocates for inclusion of oceans,coasts, and islands issues in important global andregional negotiations on sustainable development.Linking freshwater and ocean concerns. Discussions offreshwater management and oceans management typicallytake place separately in different fora. The GlobalForum aims to bridge these separate yet intrinsicallylinked issues.private and scientific sectors; constant advocacy for oceansat the highest political levels; and the imperative of takingan ecosystem-based and integrated approach to oceansgovernance at national, regional, and global levels, includingtreating the water system—from freshwater, to coasts,to oceans—as the interlinked system that it is. See Box 2.Since 2001, the Global Forum has brought together oceanleaders from governments, non-governmental organizations,international and intergovernmental organizations,the private sector, and scientific associations from 105countries (Figure 1 is a map showing Global Forum participants,Steering Committee members and collaborators);organized four Global Conferences (in 2001, 2003, and2006 at UNESCO in Paris, and 2008 in Hanoi, Vietnam);organized the Ocean Policy Summit in Lisbon in 2005 documentingexperiences with integrated oceans governancein over 20 countries and 4 regions around the world; preparedanalyses on the implementation of the WSSD oceantargets, on ocean issues in island states for the 2005Mauritius International Meeting on Small IslandDeveloping States, and on capacity development needs inocean and coastal management in eight world regions;and provided a series of Internet information services,including periodic newsletters. The work of the GlobalForum is directed by a Steering Committee of more than80 members, and run by a small Secretariat, theInternational Coastal and Ocean Organization, an internationalNGO accredited to the UN Economic and SocialCouncil (discussed in section IV of this report).4

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands3. Goals and Objectives of the GlobalForumThe major goals of the Global Forumare to:• Advance the global oceans agenda by:1) promoting the implementation of internationalagreements related to oceans, coasts, and smallisland developing States (SIDS), especially the goalsemanating from the 2002 WSSD;2) analyzing emerging issues such as addressing climatechange effects andimproving the governanceregime for ocean areas beyond national jurisdiction;and3) promoting international consensus-building onunresolved ocean issues;• Work as a catalyst to mobilize knowledge, resources,and organizational action to advance the globaloceans agenda and to promote integrated oceansmanagement;• Foster a mutually-supportive global network of oceanpolicy leaders with the capacity to implement integratedoceans management;• Raise the international profile of oceans, coasts, andSIDS in relevant global, regional, and sub-regionalfora;• Mobilize public awareness on global issues related tooceans, coasts, and islands, and promote informationsharing and dissemination.4. Perspectives on the Global ForumNoted actors in the marine policy field have underscoredthe importance of the availability of an informal processthat can bring together all relevant perspectives toadvance the global oceans agenda. For example:The Global Forum was born at Johannesburg to address theinterdependent issues of oceans, coasts, and islands. Since itsinception we have witnessed a remarkable change in the attitudeand engagement of the international community. TheGlobal Forum had spurred and focused the attention of policymakers in a very short time and the impact of the Forum wasGlobal Forum ParticipationDecember 20085

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Report of Activities 2005-2008soon felt at the very centre of multilateral diplomacy anddecision making i.e. the General Assembly of the UnitedNations and its Subsidiary bodies.-- Awni Behnam, President, InternationalOcean Institute, June 13, 2006In my experience every formal, multi-lateral negotiatingprocess needs an informal process which feeds into it, andwhere ideas can be taken forward in a less formal way.That seems to me to be perhaps the key role for the GlobalForum as the years go by.-- John Richardson, European Commission,June 17, 2006, New YorkThe Global Forum assists, encourages, and facilitates ongoingdiscussions on very important and sensitive oceanissues, so that eventually we will achieve better managementfor the ocean. In this process, the Global Forum playsa very important role because it is a Forum where variousstakeholders can discuss issues and exchange views withoutbeing bound by some formalities. It’s an open discussionthat facilitates and helps everyone. The Global Forum servesas an excellent platform at which you can have industry,civil society, and member States exchanging views in a veryinformal atmosphere. This provides for a comprehensiveapproach, a cross-sectoral approach, and this is a new trend.The Global Forum should strengthen this approach.--Vladimir Golitsyn, former Director,UN-DOALOS, June 17, 2006, New York5. Purpose of this ReportThis report provides an overview of the activities of theGlobal Forum since its inception in 2001 focusing onaccomplishments under the Global EnvironmentFacility project on Fostering a Global Dialogue on Oceans,Coasts, and Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and onFreshwater-Coastal-Marine Interlinkages (GEF/MSP)(September 2005-July 2008). This is a Medium-sizedProject funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF)with the UN Environment Programme as theImplementing Agency, the Intergovernmental OceanographicCommission as the Executing Agency, and theInternational Coastal and Ocean Organization (theGlobal Forum Secretariat) as the Co-Executing Agency.Collaborating partners providing financial and/or inkindsupport for this GEF/MSP project, as well as additionalfunding support received generated by theGEF/MSP project are listed in Box 3.BOX 3. Sources of Global ForumSupport, 2005-2008Initial PartnersGlobal Environment FacilityIntergovernmental Oceanographic CommissionUNEP Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the MarineEnvironment from Land-based ActivitiesU.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationDepartment of Fisheries and Oceans, CanadaPacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC)IOC Sub-Commission for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions (IOCARIBE)Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA)New Partnership for Africa's Development/Coastal and Marine CoordinationUnit (NEPAD/COSMAR)Centro de Ecología, Pesquerías y Oceanografía del Golfo de Mexico, Mexico(EPOMEX)Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT), MexicoConsejo Consultivo del Agua (CCA), MexicoGEF International Waters Learning, Exchange and Resource Network Program(IW:LEARN)The Nippon Foundation, JapanGovernment of SingaporePortuguese Committee for Intergovernmental Oceanographic CommissionThe Nature ConservancyGerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy, University of DelawareInternational Coastal and Ocean OrganizationNAUSICAA Centre National de la Mer, FranceWorld Ocean NetworkAdditional Partners/Support Generated by the GEF/MSPCoastal Services Center (NOAA CSC)Flemish Government and Flemish Minister for Economy, Enterprise, Science,Innovation and Foreign Trade, BelgiumGeneral Directorate for Nature Protection, Ministry for the Environment andTerritory, ItalyGlobal Water PartnershipInternational Ocean InstituteInternational Union for the Conservation of NatureAssociação Industrial PortuguesaBanco Espiritu SantoFundação Calouste GulbenkianFundação OrienteLe Centre de Decouverte du Monde Marin, Nice, FranceLuso-American Development Foundation (FLAD)Ministry of Foreign Affairs and National Parks Board, SingaporeMinistry of Foreign Affairs, PortugalMinistry of Land, Transportation and Maritime Affairs, Republic of KoreaMinistry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, IndonesiaOcean Policy Research Foundation, JapanOceanário de LisboaPort Authority of LisbonPusan National University, KoreaSecretary of State for Maritime Affairs, PortugalUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)Vietnam Institute of Fisheries Economics and Planning, Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Development, VietnamWorld BankWorld Ocean ObservatoryThe support of the organizations noted above is acknowledged with sincere thanks.6

1The goals of next year’s World Summit on Sustainable Development can only be met if effective action to protect ocean and coastal areas isimplemented—and soon. This conclusion was reached at a meeting held in UNESCO headquarters, Paris, France of over 400 coastal and oceanexperts assembled for The Global Conference on Oceans and Coasts at Rio+10: Toward the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development,Johannesburg.“Sustainable development and poverty reduction cannot be achieved without healthy oceans and coasts,” said the meeting’s Co-Chairs, Dr.Patricio Bernal, Executive Secretary of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, and Dr. Biliana Cicin-Sain, Directorof the Center for the Study of Marine Policy of the University of Delaware (USA). “The key question is how to sustain the natural resource baseand the integrity of coastal and ocean ecosystem services, while continuing to expand economically. We strongly recommend that the UnitedNations put sustainable development of oceans—comprising 70% of the Earth’s surface—as a central feature of the World Summit.”The United Nations will convene heads of state for the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, South Africa in September2002, the tenth anniversary of the 1992 Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro.“We have great reason for concern about the health of our oceans and coastal areas. Participants at the Conference generally agreed that we arein a critical situation of declining trends that requires immediate action by nations and governing bodies worldwide.” This sense of urgency andpriority was corroborated in ministerial statements, as well as by non-governmental, inter-governmental experts, scientists, commercial fishing, andindustrial representatives attending the meeting. “It is significant that this broad array of ocean and coastal experts agrees with this statement,” saidBernal and Cicin-Sain.The highlights of the Conference Co-Chairs’ report:1. Poverty reduction during the coming decade requires more governing oceans and fisheries to ensure harmonized and efficient implementation.For example, the implementation of the fishing instrumentsaccess to sustainable economic livelihoods and wealth derivedfrom the ocean, and development of safer, healthy coastal concluded in recent years (UN Straddling Fish Stocks Agreement, Foodcommunitiesand Agriculture Organization (FAO) Code of Conduct for ResponsibleFishing, and the FAO Compliance Agreement) is an essential elementThe UN Millennium Declaration notes the need to halve, by 2015, in putting fisheries on a sustainable development path that could addressexisting overcapacity and subsidized fishing fleets.the proportion of very poor people in the world, and to reduce the scourgeof diseases like malaria and water-borne infections (250 million clinicalcases of gastroenteritis and upper respiratory diseases are caused annuallyby bathing in contaminated sea water). This is a key concern, andperhaps the most difficult challenge facing our use of the oceans.ocean use is necessaryMeeting these needs requires new commitment to making the benefitsof trade and globalization available to coastal communities, participatorymanagement of resources, programs specificallyopen untapped potential for use of coastal, offshore and Exclusive Eco-Scientific advances and technology development will continue totargeted to reducing vulnerability of coastal people andnomic Zones, and deep ocean areas. Yet our understandingof the role and vulnerability of these re-infrastructure, and commitments to full participationof women and youth in decision-making and activitiessources and habitats is still limited. And all countries,related to locally-based coastal and ocean decisions.rich and poor, lack the needed capacity to manageeven the existing level of development in a well-integratedway.2. Full implementation and effective compliancewith international agreements is neededments to apply effective institutional and legal frame-Thus the capacity of local and national governworksfor integrated coastal and ocean managementThe significant number of international agreementsmust be strengthened. This will enable them to pursueopportunities for economic development in thethat have come into effect since 1992 now need to beproperly implemented and enforced, and their implicationsfor national level action more fully addressed.coasts and oceans while protecting their ecologicalintegrity and biodiversity. It will require, among otherThere is an urgent need for better cooperation and coordinationamong regional and internationalthings, raising public awareness of coastal and oceanbodiesThe Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and IslandsThe project aims to foster a global South-to-South andSouth-to-North dialogue on oceans through the GlobalForum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, focusing especiallyon the implementation of the WSSD targets and timetablesrelated to oceans, coasts, and SIDS.This report also includes activities of the Global Forumrelated to strategic planning to advance the global oceansagenda.II. GLOBAL FORUMACTIVITIES 2001-20081. Advancing the Global OceansAgenda2001-2005:Global Conference on Oceans and Coastsat Rio+10: Toward the 2002 World Summit onSustainable Development, JohannesburgDecember 3-7, 2001, UNESCO, ParisThe Global Forum organized the first global conference onoceans and coasts with a focus on Oceans and Coasts atRio+10: Toward the 2002 World Summit on SustainableDevelopment, Johannesburg (at UNESCO headquarters inParis on December 3-7, 2001). Convened nearly ten yearsafter the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environmentand Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, the GlobalConference assessed the status of oceans and coasts andprogress achieved over the previous decade, identifyingcontinuing and new challenges, and laying the groundworkfor the inclusion of an oceans agenda at the 2002World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD).The 2001 conference involved 424 participants from 61countries, with leading experts from governments, UnitedNations agencies and other intergovernmental organizations,nongovernmental organizations, and the privatesector.The conference found that significant progress had indeedbeen made in ocean and coastal management (ICM) sincethe 1992 Earth Summit, especially in terms of: the adoptionand implementation of a number of major internationalocean agreements; new funding initiatives in oceanand coastal management; many new initiatives in ICM bygovernments at national and local levels; and significantprogress in the development of knowledge, data, andinformation systems on oceans and coasts. However, the“on-the-ground” condition of marine resources (includingfisheries, marine mammals, coral reefs) experienceddeclines during this period and was threatened. Similarly,poverty continued unabated in coastal communities in thedeveloping world. The conference noted that ICM programsmust fully incorporate poverty reduction goals andaddress issues of public health in coastal areas (e.g., 90% ofsewage in the developing world is untreated posing serioushealth risks).Box 4. 2001 Conference ReportsThe outcomes of the 2001 conference were reported infour volumes:• Co-Chairs' Report, Ensuring the SustainableDevelopment of Oceans and Coasts: A Call toActionhttp://globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2001/pdf/CochairsReport.pdf• Concluding Statement by the Conference Co-Chairshttp://globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2001/pdf/ClosingStatement.pdf• Ministerial Perspectives on Oceans and Coasts atRio+10http://globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2001/pdf/MinisterialPerspectives.pdf• Reports of the Conference Working Groupshttp://globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2001/pdf/ReportoftheWorkingGroups.pdfTOWARD THE 2002 WORLD SUMMITON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTJOHANNESBURGEnsuring the SustainableDevelopment ofOceans and CoastsA CALL TO ACTIONCo-Chairs’ Report fromThe Global Conference on Oceans and Coasts at Rio+10Held at UNESCO, ParisDecember 3-7, 2001TOWARD THE2002 WORLD SUMMIT ONSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT,JOHANNESBURGReports of theConferenceWorking GroupsTHE GLOBAL CONFERENCE ONOCEANS AND COASTSDecember 3–7, 2001UNESCO, ParisTOWARD THE2002 WORLD SUMMIT ONSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT,JOHANNESBURGMinisterial Perspectiveson Oceans and Coastsat Rio+10The Global Conference on Oceans and CoastsDecember 3–7, 2001UNESCO, ParisGlobal Conference onOceans and Coasts at Rio+10Toward the 2002 World Summiton Sustainable Development, JohannesburgUNESCO, Paris. December 3- 7, 2001Concluding Statement by Conference Co-Chairs3. Capacity building for good governance of coastal and7

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands2005-2008 (GEF/MSP):Third Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts,and Islands: Moving the Global OceansAgenda ForwardJanuary 23-28, 2006, UNESCO, Paris, FranceThe Third Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands:Moving the Global Oceans Agenda Forward, organized by theGlobal Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, was held onJanuary 23-28, 2006 at UNESCO headquarters in Paris,France. The Conference included 403 participants from 78countries, with 38 ministers and high level governmentrepresentatives in attendance. The Conference broughttogether key national level officials, regional organizations,UN agencies, donors, industry, non-governmental organizations,and scientists to assess progress achieved andobstacles faced in the implementation of internationaltargets on oceans, coasts, and small island developingStates (SIDS), especially those related to the 2002 WorldSummit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), theMillennium Development Goals (MDGs), and other relatedagreements.The conference and the ensuing report, Meeting GlobalCommitments on Oceans, Coasts, Freshwater, and Small IslandStates: How Well Are We Doing? reviewed the available informationand provided a bottom line of progress achieved sofar—a “report card”— on each of the WSSD and MDGocean-related goals. The report underlined the difficultiesinvolved in assessing progress, especially the lack of evaluationframeworks, including indicators; the fact that noone institution has been charged with collecting, on aperiodic basis, national and international data on theentire range of issues related to oceans, especially regardingthe cross-cutting goals (e.g., ecosystem management andintegrated ocean and coastal management); the lack ofregular collection and assessment of information on thesocial and economic well-being of coastal communities;and the absence of linkage among the WSSD/MDG goalswhich are related to one another.Generally, participants at the Global Conference agreedthat progress toward implementation of the global oceanstargets has been slow, but that there are many promisingdevelopments. In some areas, such as integrated coastaland ocean management, GPA, protection of marine biodiversity,integrated water resources management, and UNcoherence, one must conclude that some very tangibleprogress is being made, often with specific efforts underwayin a growing number of countries.In other areas such as fisheries and global marine assessment,the progress has been slower, but especially in fisheries,the groundwork seems to have been established forenhanced progress in the next phase. On small islanddeveloping states and oceans, while the 2005 MauritiusInternational Strategy has been adopted, its implementationis in doubt if financial resources and institutionalcapacity are not enhanced. As the custodians of large areasof the world’s oceans, SIDS need assistance and collaborationfrom the international community to enhance theircapacity to delimit, manage, and enforce these areas. Theleast progress appears to be taking place in meeting theMDGs. In this regard, it is imperative that, increasingly,ocean and coastal management programs address povertyreduction as central goals. It is imperative, as well, that thewelfare of coastal populations—their health, food security,quality of life, and the benefits they derive from the coastaland marine resources they own be periodically measuredto assess the extent to which any of the MDG and WSSDgoals are making the needed difference on the ground.With regard to the next phase of further evolution inimplementation of the WSSD and MDG goals, it is important,as well, to establish for each WSSD/MDG goalintermediate and readily measurable targets and timetablesat the national level, as some countries such as the UnitedKingdom have done. The issue of coordinating the localimplementation of various international mandates shouldalso be addressed. With the WSSD and MDG mandates,nations are being asked to implement a variety ofprograms related to the ocean, coastal, and freshwaterenvironments— integrated coastal and ocean management,ecosystem-management, integrated water resourcesmanagement, GPA and control of land-based activities,biodiversity protection and networks of marine protectedareas. On the-ground, these efforts, address similar issuesand cover, to some extent, similar areas. As furtherimplementation of these efforts gets underway, it will beimportant to assist nations in rationalizing and bringingsynergy among these efforts.9

PortugalFlemish Government, BelgiumThe Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Report of Activities 2005-2008Box 6. 2006 Global Conference ReportsThe outcomes of theconference are reported intwo volumes:1) Meeting the Commitmentson Oceans, Coasts,and Small Island DevelopingStates Made at the2002 World Summit onSustainable Development:How Well Are We Doing? Co-Chairs’ Report – Volume 1,presents a summary of availableinformation on progressmade (or lack thereof) andobstacles faced in the implementationof the ocean,coasts, and SIDS targets ofthe WSSD and MDG, andother related agreements.2) Reports from the ThirdGlobal Conference onOceans, Coasts, and Islands:Moving the Global OceansAgenda Forward, Co-Chairs’Report – Volume 2, providesthe highlights of the GlobalConference and summariesof discussions related to theattainment of major WSSDand MDG ocean goals.Meeting the Commitments on Oceans, Coasts,and Small Island Developing StatesMade at the 2002 World Summit onSustainable Development:How Well Are We Doing?Biliana Cicin-Sain, Veerle Vandeweerd,Patricio A. Bernal, Lindsey C. Williams,and Miriam C. BalgosThe Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts and IslandsCo-Chairs’ Report—Volume 1Third Global Conference on Oceans,Coasts, and Islands:Moving the Global Oceans Agenda ForwardUNESCO, Paris, January 23-28, 2006Major Organizers and SponsorsOther Conference Supportershttp://www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2006/pdf/WSSDReport_100406d.pdfhttp://www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2006/pdf/ParisConferenceReportsFINAL.pdfThe two-volume conferencereport were presented duringthe 7th Meeting of theUnited Nations Open-ended Informal ConsultativeProcess on Oceans and the Law of the Sea in June 2006.Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) -Fisheries, and with leadership roles by a number of organizations,was held from April 7-11, 2008 in Hanoi,Vietnam. The 4th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts,and Islands brought together 439 ocean and coastal leadersfrom 62 countries, representing all sectors, includinggovernments, intergovernmental and internationalorganizations, non-governmental organizations, the businesscommunity, ocean donors, and scientific institutions.The conference assessed essential issues in the governanceof the world’s oceans, with a focus on movingtoward an ecosystem-based and integrated approach tooceans governance at national, regional, and global levels.For the first time, a concerted effort was made to bringoceans policy together with climate change issues, which,as indicated in the 2007 report of the IntergovernmentalPanel on Climate Change will have profound effects onecosystems and coastal populations around the world,especially among the poorest people on Earth and insmall island developing States.The conference focused especially on assessing theprogress that has been achieved (or lack thereof) on theglobal oceans targets established by the world’s politicalleaders at the 2002 World Summit on SustainableDevelopment: Achieving ecosystem-based and integratedocean and coastal management by 2010, reducing marinebiodiversity loss by 2010, establishing networks of marineprotected areas by 2012, and restoring fishery stocks by2015, among others.Fourth Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, andIslands: Advancing Ecosystem Management andIntegrated Coastal and Ocean Management by2010 in the Context of Climate ChangeApril 7-11, 2008, Hanoi, VietnamThe Fourth Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, andIslands: Advancing Ecosystem Management andIntegrated Coastal and Ocean Management by 2010 inthe Context of Climate Change, organized by the GlobalForum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands and by theGovernment of Vietnam, with the leadership of theThe conference underlined that ocean and coastal managersare at the front line of climate changes. The climateissues that ocean and coastal leaders around the worldwill need to face will ineradicably change the nature ofocean and coastal management, introducing increased10

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islandsuncertainty, the need to incorporate climate change planninginto all existing management processes, the need todevelop and apply new tools related to vulnerabilityassessment, and the need to make difficult choices inwhat in many cases will be “no win” situations, involvingadverse impacts to vulnerable ecosystems and communities.Conference participants underlined that we mustbegin this process now, including altering coastal developmentthat is already in the pipeline--we don’t have theluxury of waiting 10 years before we consider the implicationsand before we act.An extensive preparatory process involving twelve multinationalWorking Groups (involving 254 ocean expertsfrom 68 countries representing all sectors and regions ofthe world) was mobilized to prepare analyses and specificpolicy recommendations to the 4th Global Conference inHanoi, Vietnam, April 7-11, 2008. The Policy Briefs preparedby each Working Group are available on theYouTube Channel noted below.Coverage of the Global Conference is available at the followingsites:• The Global Forum, the World Ocean Network and theWorld Ocean Observatory have created a specialGOC2008 website and YouTube channel designedspecifically to inform audiences across the world aboutthe context and work of the Global Forum using richmedia.GOC2008 Website:http://www.thew2o.net/goc2008/index.htmlGOC2008 YouTube Channel:http://www.youtube.com/globaloceans2008These sites enable viewers to:• Explore the proceedings of the Conference and eachmajor ocean issue being addressed• View the reports, recommendations, and Policy Briefs ofthe Global Forum’s 12 Working Groups, which havebeen mobilized to provide recommendations on prioritynext steps that the international community shouldtake on major ocean issues• Watch ocean and coastal experts from various sectorsaround the globe in brief interviews addressing majorocean topics and issues.The International Institute for Sustainable Development –Reporting Services (IISDRS) provided daily coverage ofConference proceedings. This report is available athttp://www.iisd.ca/download/pdf/sd/ymbvol68num4e.pdf.2. Promoting Integrated OceansGovernanceWhile most coastal nations of the world already have avariety of sectoral policies in place to manage differentuses of the ocean (such as shipping, fishing, and oil andgas development), it has only been in the last decade thatcoastal nations have undertaken concerted efforts to articulateand implement an integrated vision for the governanceof ocean areas in their 200-mile Exclusive EconomicZones (EEZs)--to harmonize existing uses and laws, to fostersustainable development of ocean areas, to protect biodiversityand vulnerable resources and ecosystems, and tocoordinate the actions of the many government agenciesthat are typically involved in oceans affairs.This is a very encouraging development, responding, as itdoes, to the reality of serious conflicts of use in mostnational ocean zones and to the prescriptions articulatedin both the Law of the Sea and in the 1992 Earth Summit(given the interrelationship among uses and processes inthe coast and ocean, ocean and coastal governance mustbe "integrated in content and precautionary and anticipatoryin ambit").As they develop integrated and ecosystem-based nationalocean policies, national authorities are often plowingnew ground, in terms of the principles that apply in EEZs:management approaches: means of ensuring interagencyand intergovernmental coordination; approaches toregional marine planning and governance; means of sustainablefinancing. It is thus useful for national authoritiesfrom various countries to come together to compareapproaches, draw lessons from existing practice andassess their possible suitability in other contexts, andbegin to develop international guidance on emerging bestpractices in the development and implementation ofnational and regional ocean policies, and to encouragefurther dissemination of ecosystem-based integratedapproaches to oceans.2001-2005:In 2001, the Global Forum assessed progress achieved onoceans, coasts, and SIDS since the 1992 Earth Summit,focusing especially on the implementation of the prescriptionscontained in Chapter 17 (the oceans, coasts,and SIDS chapter of Agenda 21) which emphasize integratedmanagement of oceans and coasts. At the GlobalConference on Oceans and Coasts at Rio+10: Toward the 2002World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg,December 3-7, 2001, UNESCO, Paris, working group discussionsemphasized the need to build capacity for integratedcoastal and ocean management in order for actual11

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Report of Activities 2005-2008implementation to take place. In the 2002 JohannesburgWorld Summit on Sustainable Development, integratedocean and coastal management was featured prominentlyas was the allied concept of ecosystem-based management(see wording in Box 1.Following the WSSD, the Global Forum has carried out anumber of activities to help achieve the WSSD targets ofachieving integrated ocean and coastal management andecosystem-based management.2005-2008 (GEF/MSP):TOPS 2005: The Ocean Policy SummitOctober 10-14, 2005, Lisbon, PortugalAs part of the GEF-MSP, and with the support of theNippon Foundation and other partners, the GlobalForum organized the TOPS 2005: The Ocean PolicySummit International Conference on Integrated Ocean Policy:National and Regional Experiences, Prospects, and EmergingPractices held on October 10-14, 2005, in Lisbon,Portugal, to present and analyze the experiences of 20+nations and 4 regions of the world that have taken concretesteps toward cross-cutting and integrated policy(cross-national study undertaken by the NipponFoundation Research Task Force on National OceanPolicies). The conference also presented other work onintegrated national and regional ocean policies, such aswork undertaken by the Asia-Pacific EconomicCooperation (APEC), the UNEP Regional SeasProgramme, Large Marine Ecosystems supported by theGlobal Environment Facility; and other regional experiences.The conference drew lessons from the comparativeanalyses and began to develop international guidance onbest practices.The conference brought together 218 participants fromgovernments, regional organizations, UN agencies, academia,non-governmental organizations, donor agencies,and industry representatives, representing 53 countries.Through conference working groups, international guidanceon emerging best practices in the development andimplementation of national/regional ocean policies wasdrawn from the experiences reported, and subsequentlyfeatured during a one-day Ocean Strategy Workshop fordecision makers on ocean policy development and implementation,with a special emphasis on decision makersfrom small island developing States, developing countries,and countries with economies in transition.Discussions on national and regional perspectives onintegrated ocean and coastal management were held atthe 2008 4th Global Oceans Conference in Hanoi,Vietnam.Book on Integrated Ocean PolicyA book on Integrated Regional and National Ocean Policies:Comparative Practices and Future Prospects, resulting fromthe work reported at TOPS 2005: The Ocean PolicySummit will be published by the United NationsUniversity Press. The book, which brings together theexperiences of 18 countries and 4 regions in integratedocean policy, includes 23 chapters authored by 53authors (see Box 7).In bringing together key national level officials, regionalorganizations, UN agencies, scholars specializing in nationalocean policy, donors, nongovernmental organizations, andindustry to examine the growing experience around theworld with the formulation and implementation of integratedocean policies at national and regional levels, the GlobalForum was able to produce important work from which wewere able to draw lessons and suggest emerging best practicesfor the development of the national ocean policy of Mexico.-- Antonio Diaz de Leon, Director-General,Environmental, Regional Integration andSectoral Policy, Environment and NaturalResources Ministry (SEMARNAT), MexicoThe work that the Global Forum completed on comparativenational and regional ocean policies, funded by the NipponFoundation and the Global Environment Facility as partners,was very useful in our effort in Japan in drafting and achievingenactment of the Japanese Basic Ocean Law.-- Hiroshi Terashima, Executive Director,Ocean Policy Research Foundation, Japan12

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and IslandsBOX 7. Book onINTEGRATED NATIONALAND REGIONAL OCEAN POLICIES:COMPARATIVE PRACTICES ANDFUTURE PROSPECTSBiliana Cicin-Sain, David VanderZwaag, andMiriam C. Balgos, EditorsContentsForewordINTRODUCTIONChapter 1. IntroductionBiliana Cicin-Sain, Gerard J. Mangone Center for MarinePolicy, University of Delaware; David VanderZwaag,Dalhousie Law School, Dalhousie University, Canada; andMiriam C. Balgos, University of DelawareChapter 2. International Agreements ProvidingGuidance for National and Regional Ocean PoliciesJon M. Van Dyke, University of Hawaii School of LawNATIONAL OCEAN POLICIESChapter 3. Australia’s National Oceans PolicyDonna Petrachenko and Ben Addison, Marine Division,Department of the Environment and Heritage, AustraliaChapter 4. Canada’s National Ocean PolicyCamille Mageau and Sue Farlinger, Department of Fisheriesand Oceans, Canada; David VanderZwaag, Dalhousie LawSchool, Dalhousie University, CanadaChapter 5. Toward a National Ocean Policy inNew ZealandPrue Taylor, Department of Planning, University of Auckland,New ZealandChapter 6. China’s Ocean Policy FrameworkHaiqing Li, Department of International Cooperation,State Oceanic Administration, China, and Jiao Yongke,China Institute for Marine Affairs, ChinaChapter 7. Strategy for Marine EnvironmentConservation and Development: United KingdomHance D. Smith, Iwan Ball, Rhoda C. Ballinger, and TimStojanovic, Cardiff UniversityChapter 8. Towards Integrated Ocean and CoastalPolicy in the United StatesBiliana Cicin-Sain, K. Caitlin Snyder, Kateryna Wowk,Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy, University ofDelaware, and Gerhard Kuska, Good Harbor ConsultingChapter 9. Towards an Integrated Policy for theOcean in PortugalMario Ruivo, Intersectorial Oceanographic Commission,Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education;Tiago Pitta e Cunha, Cabinet of the Commissioner forFisheries and Maritime Affairs, European Commission;Francisca Menezes-Ferreira, Intersectorial OceanographicCommission and Ministry of Science, Technology andHigher Education, PortugalChapter 10. Norway’s Marine Policy: TowardsComprehensive Oceans ManagementAlf Hakon Hoel, University of Tromso, and Terje Lobach,Fisheries Directorate, NorwayChapter 11. The Marine Policy of the RussianFederation: Its Formation and RealizationYuriy M. Kolochkov and Yuriy Mikhaylichenko, Ministry ofEconomic Development and Trade; Valentin P. Sinetsky andGenrikh K. Voitolovsky, Council for Study of ProductiveForces, Russian FederationChapter 12. Brazil’s National Ocean PolicyMilton Asmus and Guilherme G. Vieira, FundaçãoUniversidade do Rio Grande, Brazil; Etiene Marroni,Independent Consultant, BrazilChapter 13. Jamaica’s Oceans and Coastal PolicyLaleta Davis-Mattis, National Environmental and PlanningAgency, JamaicaChapter 14. Development of National Ocean Policyin JapanHiroshi Terashima, Institute for Ocean Policy, Ocean PolicyResearch Foundation, Japan, and Moritaka Hayashi, WasedaUniversity School of Law, JapanChapter 15. Development of a National OceansPolicy in MexicoPorfirio Alvarez Torres, Antonio Díaz de León Corral, SofiaCortina, Mariela Ibáñez, Gaelle Brachet, Gustavo PérezChirinos, Juan Carlos Aguilar, Roberto Rosado, and FaustoEfrén Burgoa, SEMARNAT, Mexico; Evelia Rivera Arriaga,Centro EPOMEX, Mexico; Isaac Azuz, CETYS-Universidad,Campus Ensenada, Mexico; and Patricia Muñoz, NationalPolytechnic Institute (IPN), MexicoChapter 16. The Philippine National Marine Policy:An Ongoing Evolution Toward Integrated Coastaland Ocean ManagementJay Batongbacal, Philippine Center for Marine Affairs, Inc.,and Robert Jara, Department of Environment and NaturalResources, Philippines13

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Report of Activities 2005-2008Chapter 17. National Marine Policy: A VietnamCase StudyNguyen Chu Hoi, Institute of Fisheries Economics andPlanning, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development,Vietnam; Hoang Ngoc Giao, Law School, VietnamNational UniversityREGIONAL OCEAN POLICIESChapter 18. European Maritime PolicyNathalie Hesketh, Maritime Policy Development andCoordination, European CommissionChapter 19. Pacific Islands Regional Ocean Policy:Towards ImplementationMary Power, Pacific Islands Applied GeoscienceCommission (SOPAC), FijiChapter 20. Toward Integrated Ocean Policy at theNational and Regional Levels in AfricaIndumathie Hewawasam, World Bank, and BerniceMcLean, Endangered Wildlife Trust, South AfricaChapter 21. The Sustainable Development Strategyfor the Seas of East Asia: Policy Implications atLocal, National and Regional LevelsStella Regina Bernad and Chua Thia-Eng, Partnerships inEnvironmental Management for the Seas of East AsiaCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND COMMENTARYChapter 22. Comparative Analysis of National andRegional Ocean Policies: Lessons Learned andImplications for International GuidanceBiliana Cicin-Sain, Gerard J. Mangone Center for MarinePolicy, University of Delaware; David VanderZwaag,Dalhousie Law School, Dalhousie University, Canada; andMiriam C. Balgos, University of DelawareReferencesAbout the Authors3. Facilitating Consensus-Building onInternational Issues2005-2008 (GEF/MSP)As noted in the discussion above, a major emphasis of theGlobal Forum has been, and continues to be, collaboratingwith governments and other international actors in promotingeffective implementation of international oceangoals.In addition to this major emphasis, the Global Forum isconcerned with anticipation of important issues that willbe facing the international oceans community and/or willbe the subject of important UN negotiations in the nextdecade. The intent here is to contribute—through policyanalyses and multistakeholder policy dialogues-- to clarifyingthe issues, developing options, laying out variousperspectives, and identifying possible avenues for consensus-buildingamong disparate interests.One such issue is the problem of governance of marineareas beyond national jurisdiction. Almost two thirds ofthe world’s oceans are found more than 200 miles from thecoast of any nation, and therefore, in principle beyond thelimits of national jurisdiction. While in the past the ocean’scapacity to resist or recover from human impacts wasthought to be limitless, it is becoming increasingly apparentthat humans are impacting all aspects of the ocean system.Key issues in areas beyond national jurisdictioninclude illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing,overfishing, destructive fishing practices, extraction ofmarine genetic resources, pollution (including ocean acidification)and climate change, among others. To date thereis no consensus on the various legal and policy issues surroundingmarine areas beyond national jurisdiction, andthere are many different options being elaborated and discussedabout how these issues should be resolved. Thisissue will no doubt be the subject of intense UN negotiationsin the next decade.Prior to the 2006 Global Conference, the Global Forumorganized a Working Group on Improving Governance ofMarine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction to facilitatemulti-stakeholder dialogue prior to, at the GlobalConference itself, and beyond, and to provide input toother fora addressing these issues. The Working Groupapproached the issue of governance of areas beyondnational jurisdiction broadly and through an expert paneland two multi-stakeholder dialogue sessions, addressedissues relating both to the high seas (defined in part VII ofthe United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) andthe deep seabed, or the “Area” as defined by Part XI of theConvention. The Working Group includes about 70 members(from both developed and developing nations), and14

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islandsfrom a broad range of sectors including national governments,academia, UN agencies, intergovernmental organizations,non-governmental organizations, and industry.According to a number of representatives from governments,UN agencies, and nongovernmental organizations,the work of the Global Forum’s Working Group was veryuseful in laying the groundwork for the subsequent UN AdHoc Open-ended Informal Working Group to study issuesrelating to the conservation and sustainable use of marinebiological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdictionwhich took place in February 2006. Participants notedthat the informal nature of the policy dialogues that tookplace at the January 2006 Global Conference and theinformal interchange of perspectives which took placeboth before and during the Third Global Conference verymuch facilitated the cooperative nature of the discussionsat the UN February meeting by providing a venue for thesharing of perspectives among governments (both developedand developing), UN and other international agencies,NGOs, and industry without the pressure of formalinstitutional positions.The work of the Global Forum's Working Group on ImprovingGovernance of Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction wasvery useful in laying the groundwork for the subsequent UNInformal Working Group that took place in February 2006.The informal interchange of perspectives that took place bothbefore and during the 2006 Global Conference very muchfacilitated the cooperative nature of the discussions at the UNFebruary meeting by providing a neutral and informal venuefor the sharing of perspectives among governments (bothdeveloped and developing), UN and other international agencies,NGOs, and industry, in a candid and direct manner.-- Lorraine Ridgeway, Director-General,International Coordination and PolicyAnalysis, Department of Fisheries andOceans, Canada, and Co-Chair, UN OpenendedInformal Consultative Process onOceans and the Law of the Sea,June 17, 2006, New YorkGovernance of Marine Areas BeyondNational JurisdictionAs a follow-up on the recommendations emanating fromthe discussion of the Working Group on Governance ofMarine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction at the 2006Global Conference, the following activities have beenorganized:Assemblage of Existing Information on Governanceof Marine Areas Beyond National JurisdictionAugust 2007-January 2008Strategic Planning Workshop on Global Oceans Issuesin Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction in theContext of Climate ChangeJanuary 23-25, 2008, Nice, FrancePolicy Analyses and Workshop on Governance of AreasBeyond National Jurisdiction: Ecosystems and UsesPolicy Analyses: January-March 2008Workshop: April 5, 2008, Hanoi, Vietnam (in conjunctionwith the 4th Global Conference)Policy Analyses and Workshop on Governance of AreasBeyond National Jurisdiction: Management Issues andPolicy OptionsPolicy Analyses: May-October 2008Workshop: November 3-5, 2008, SingaporeStrategic Planning Workshopon Global Ocean Issues inMarine Areas Beyond NationalJurisdiction in the Context ofClimate ChangeJanuary 23-25, 2008,Nice, FranceThe Global Forum on Oceans,Coasts, and Islands and partnersconvened the Strategic Planning Workshop on GlobalOcean Issues in Marine Areas Beyond NationalJurisdiction in the Context of Climate Change on January23-25, 2008, in Nice, France, with the gracious hosting ofNice officials and nongovernmental organizations as a keystep in an informal process to bring together major relevantinterests to facilitate open and constructive multistakeholderdialogue to inform and support the more formalprocesses that have been or may be established by theUnited Nations General Assembly or other fora regardingsuch issues. The Workshop brought together 45 expertsfrom governments (developed and developing countries),NGOs, international organizations, science, and industrygroups (submarine cables, fishing, marine transportation),all participating in their personal capacity in these informaldiscussions and following the Chatham House rule.The Workshop participants considered strategic perspectivesfor the next 5-10 years; clarified some issues; laid outvarious perspectives; developed options; and identifiedpossible avenues for consensus-building among disparateinterests. It should be stressed that not all the participantsagreed with all points considered; nevertheless theWorkshop discussions were most successful in charting15

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Report of Activities 2005-2008some options for advancing this important issue in thenext decade.Working Group on Governance ofMarine Ecosystems and Uses inAreas Beyond the Limits of NationalJurisdiction at the 4th GlobalConference on Oceans, Coasts, andIslandsApril 7-11, 2008, Hanoi, VietnamThe Working Group on Governance of Marine Ecosystemsand Uses in Areas Beyond the Limits of NationalJurisdiction gathered at the 4th Global Conference onOceans, Coasts, and Islands with the goal to assist with theprocess of collecting relevant information that may providea valuable contribution to the second meeting of theUnited Nations General Assembly Ad Hoc Open-endedInformal Working Group to study issues relating to theconservation and sustainable use of marine biologicaldiversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction (New York,28 April – 2 May 2008).More specifically, the objectives of the work of theWorking Group at the Hanoi Conference were:• to hold focused discussions on a continuum of coherentpolicy options from sectoral solutions to cross-sectoralglobal solutions; and• to discuss next steps needed for developing and applyinga set of evaluative criteria to examine each optionin the continuum (e.g. to what extent would the conservationand sustainable use goals be achieved,responses to climate change be effective, ocean uses beallowed, the institutional and administrative feasibilityof individual measures, their political feasibility, etc.).The Working Group focused its work on the main themeof the 4th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, andIslands, namely “Advancing Ecosystem Management andIntegrated Coastal and Ocean Management in the Contextof Climate Change.”16Workshop on Governance of MarineAreas Beyond National Jurisdiction:Management Issues and PolicyOptionsNovember 3-5, 2008, SingaporeThe Singapore Workshop built on thetwo workshops noted above and continuingwork carried out by the Global Forum’s ExpertWorking Group on Governance of Marine Areas BeyondNational Jurisdiction. The Singapore Workshop aimed toprovide expert and multi-stakeholder perspectives onaddressing important issues related to the governance ofmarine areas beyond national jurisdiction, specifically by:1. Assessing each of the major management options forimproved governance of marine areas beyond national jurisdiction(ranging along a continuum of enhancing institutionalcapacity for ecosystem-based management), building onthe outcomes of the Nice Workshop and of the HanoiConference;2. Addressing the following focal areas in the management ofmarine genetic resources: Identifying opportunities and enhancingunderstanding of values and processes, and issues related tointellectual property, options for access and benefit sharing, andgovernance gaps, taking into account the outcomes of the8th meeting of the UN Open-ended Informal ConsultativeProcess on Oceans and the Law of the Sea (ICP-8, June2007) and the second meeting of the UN Ad Hoc OpenendedInformal Working Group to study issues relating tothe conservation and sustainable use of marine biologicaldiversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction (April-May2008);3. Discussing priority activities that might be taken to movetoward ecosystem-based governance of marine areas beyondnational jurisdiction (including the Arctic) that could be consideredfor support through future Global EnvironmentFacility (GEF) funding.The Workshop was co-chaired by Biliana Cicin-Sain,Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands; DavidFreestone,World Bank; Ambassador Mary Seet-Cheng,Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Singapore; Eden Charles,Permanent Mission of Trinidad and Tobago to the UnitedNations; and Salvatore Arico, UNESCO, Co-Chair of theWorking Group.4. Work with Small IslandDeveloping States (SIDS)2001-2005:While typically small in land size, small island developingStates (SIDS) can be characterized as large ocean states dueto establishment of 200-mile Exclusive Economic Zones(EEZs), resulting in these small islands being custodians ofmuch of the world’s ocean space. An issue of major concernto SIDS is the threat of climate change and the associatedsea level rise predictions. The significant vulnerabilityof the natural environment, economy, and social structureof SIDS has been well established. Even though similarproblems are present in most developing countries,because of the inherent characteristics of SIDS, they are feltmore acutely by these countries.While most SIDS are keenly aware of the importance of themarine environment and its resources to their sustainable

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islandsdevelopment and economic stability, many SIDS nationslack specific institutions or administrative processes toimplement cross-cutting approaches to planning and managementof oceans and coasts. Among the 44 SIDS nations,most SIDS have not delimited their outer limits of the continentalshelf, only eight SIDS have dedicated coastal managementinstitutions; and only three (7%) have enactedcoastal legislation.The Global Forum has worked with the Alliance of SmallIsland States (AOSIS) since 2001 when SIDS and oceaninterests became particularly active in advancing the SIDS,oceans, and coasts agenda at the World Summit onSustainable Development. The Global Forum participatedin and provided analytical input to the 2005 MauritiusInternational Meeting to review the 1994 BarbadosProgramme of Action for the Sustainable Development ofSmall Island Developing States, and has worked with SIDSrepresentatives in assessing and responding to capacitydevelopment needs in ocean and coastal management.2001-2005 (GEF/MSP):Global Forum Towards Mauritius2005 Paper SeriesThe Global Forum contributed to the oceans agenda at the2005 Mauritius International Meeting to review the 1994Barbados Programme of Action for the SustainableDevelopment of Small Island Developing States by preparinga series of policy analyses on ocean and coastal managementissues in SIDS. The reports of the policy analyseswere presented at the Mauritius International Meeting.This work was sponsored by the UNEP/GPA.The Reports include:Voluntary Partnership Initiatives from the 2002 WorldSummit on Sustainable Development and Small IslandDeveloping States Toward Mauritius 2005 Paper Series No.2003-1Iniciativas de Asociación Voluntarias Derivadas de laCumbre Mundial 2002 sobre el Desarrollo Sostenible y losPequeños Estados Insulares en Desarrollo TowardMauritius 2005 Paper Series No. 2004-1Global Multilateral Environmental Agreements andSmall Island Developing States Toward Mauritius 2005Paper Series No. 2004-2Small Islands, Large Ocean States: A Review of Oceanand Coastal Management in Small Island DevelopingStates since the 1994 Barbados Programme of Action forthe Sustainable Development of Small Island DevelopingStates (SIDS) Toward Mauritius 2005 Paper Series No.2005-1Island Bellwether: Climate Change and Energy PolicyStrategy for Small Island Developing States TowardMauritius 2005 Paper Series No. 2005-2The Global Forum also devoted a conference panel and discussiongroups on SIDS during the 2nd Global Conferencein Paris in November 2003 in preparation for the MauritiusInternational Meeting. At the Meeting, a side event wasalso organized by the Global Forum focusing on SIDSocean and coastal management issues highlighted in thepolicy analyses reports.2005-2008 (GEF/MSP):Working Group on SIDS on the Implementation ofthe Mauritius International StrategyA Working Group composed of SIDS ocean experts fromthe Pacific, Caribbean, and AIMS (Indian Ocean, Atlantic,Mediterranean, and South China Sea) has been formed towork with AOSIS, UNDESA, and others on the rapid implementationof the decisions made at the MauritiusInternational Meeting, and to address issues related tocapacity development in SIDS.The Working Group met in Lisbon, Portugal, during theTOPS 2005 The Ocean Policy Summit, to discuss the implementationof ocean and coastal issues specified within theMauritius Implementation Strategy and the BarbadosProgramme of Action and to examine the issues of capacitybuilding. Panels and dialogue sessions on SIDS issueswere featured at the 2006 Third Global Conference on Oceans,Coasts, and Islands, with experts from the three SIDSregions deliberating on how to go forward in the developmentof implementation strategies for the MauritiusInternational Strategy. A major obstacle emphasized at theGlobal Conference was insufficient institutional supportfor systematic follow-up to the Mauritius Strategy--includingthe absence of a mechanism for assessing implementationat national and regional levels; the need to integratethe Mauritius Strategy into the work programs of the UNagencies; establishing indicators for implementation success;and strengthening the capacity of AOSIS to assessprogress on implementation and to eliminate obstacles toimplementation.Thank you to the Global Forum for capturing the issues thatare facing small island developing States. These issues werewell covered in both in the Third Global Conference and inthe reports coming out of the conference.-- Ambassador Enele Sopoaga, former UNPermanent Representative of Tuvalu to theUnited Nations and Vice-Chair, Alliance ofSmall Island States, January 27, 2006, Paris17

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Report of Activities 2005-2008Regional Assessments on Capacity Buildingin 4 SIDS RegionsUnder the framework of the Global Forum GEF-MSP onFostering a Global Dialogue on Oceans, Coasts, and SIDS, andon Freshwater-Coastal-Marine Interlinkages, the Global Forumhas organized four regional capacity assessments on thespecific steps that can be taken to rapidly implement theMauritius Strategy (2005) in four SIDS regions: Caribbean;Pacific Islands; Indian Ocean, and Atlantic SIDS, with leadershipfrom regional SIDS experts, as follows:Implementing the Pacific Islands Regional OceansPolicy: A Rapid Assessment on the Status of Ocean andCoastal Management in the Pacific Islands Region withRecommendations for Immediate Priority ActionsCristelle Pratt and Mary Power, Pacific Islands AppliedGeoscience Commission (SOPAC), and Alf Simpson,Independent Consultant (2006)Strategies for Implementing Coastal and OceanManagement in the Wider Caribbean RegionPeter Edwards (Jamaica), University of Delaware, andFranklin McDonald, United Nations EnvironmentProgramme/Caribbean Environment Programme (2007)Implementation Strategy for Advancing Ocean andCoastal Management in the Atlantic SIDSMarina Pereira Silva, Independent Consultant (CapeVerde), and Isabel Torres de Noronha, Community ofPortuguese-Speaking Nations (CPLP) Oceans StrategyAdvisor (2006)Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, and the SouthChina Sea (AIMS) SIDS Rapid Assessment: PolicyAnalysis on Strategies for Implementation of Ocean andCoastal Management PrioritiesNirmal Jivan Shah, Nature Seychelles, Peter Edwards(Jamaica), LaVerne Walker (St. Lucia), Lindsey Williams(US) (2006)Small Island Developing States (SIDS) OceansStrategy WorkshopApril 4, 2008, Hanoi, VietnamA workshop was convened on April 4, 2008 in Hanoi,Vietnam, to continue discussion on furthering the implementationof the Mauritius Strategy. The workshop provideda venue for SIDS government officials and regional leadersto discuss and consider information, approaches, andtools for addressing ocean governance and achieving sustainabledevelopment of oceans and resources includingthe implementation of the Pacific Islands Regional OceanPolicy and other SIDS regional initiatives at the nationallevel, specifically looking at potential appropriate institutionalstructures and processes for integrated ocean andcoastal management in the SIDS regional context, and inthe context of global climate change. The workshop alsoaddressed the salient problem of formally delimiting theExclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and continental shelfboundaries in SIDS nations as a prerequisite for effectiveEEZ management by establishing the legal boundaries formanagement interventions.5. Long-term Capacity Building inOcean and Coastal ManagementIntegrated management of the coast and the marine environmentis altogether an essential aspect of improving the socialand economic conditions of communities which are mostlyestablished in such coastal zones— hence the need for vigilanceon the part of all those involved in development to ensure bettermanagement of the marine and coastal environment, a revenuesource that must be managed in an ecologically rational way.-- Honorable Thierno Lo, Minister for theEnvironment and Protection of Nature,Senegal, January 25, 2006, Paris2001-2005:Capacity building for the governance of ocean and coastalareas has been an important priority focus area of theGlobal Forum since its formation in 2001. Capacity developmentis essential for achieving integrated managementof the oceans, especially in developing countries, SIDS, andcountries with economies in transition.Participants at the 1st and 2nd Global Conferences in 2001and 2003 made key recommendation on capacity development:1) Carry out capacity building that would support theinvolvement of both the national and sub-national levelsof government in the development and implementation ofintegrated coastal management programs;2) Increase the capacity of local governments and community-basedgroups to manage coastal and marine areas withappropriate scientific inputs and participatory processes;and3) Promote the formulation of policies for the managementof EEZs as a new frontier to maximize the economicreturn from ocean resources, in particular through thedevelopment of common vision for sustainable developmentacross all ocean.The Global Forum GEF/MSP has addressed these priorityareas especially in SIDS, developing countries, and countrieswith economies in transition, as noted below.18

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands2005-2008 (GEF/MSP):Assessment of Capacity-building Needs forthe Development and Implementation ofEcosystem-based National and RegionalOcean Policies Among DevelopingCountries and RegionsCapacity building in light of national ocean policy developmentand improved ocean governance involves capacity developmentat three levels: Individual, institutional, and societallevel. Individually there is a need to develop ocean policyexpertise through human resource development programs.Institutional capacity development involves providing supportfrom internal and external sources to advance the design,implementation, and evaluation of ocean legislation, includingthe development of implementation strategies such asintergovernmental and cross-sectoral coordination mechanismsand conduct of targeted research and development projects.At the societal level, capacity building involves the developmentof public awareness and empowerment to be able totake part in decision-making in ocean governance.Ultimately, to be successful, the good practice principles ofcapacity building need to be followed which, in spite of theircontext-specificity and complexity, are clear. Similarly, sufficientresources (both skills and money) need to be set aside asit is a long process, institutional and societal. Only within thisunderstanding and framework will sufficient capacity be builtand lead to efficient and effective ocean governance. This willinvolve risk and demand courage and requires that government,private organizations, local civil society organizations,international non-governmental organizations, and donorstake responsibility for addressing their contributions to capacitybuilding.– Ali Mohammed and James Kamula,New Partnership for Africa’s Development(NEPAD) Coastal and Marine CoordinationUnit (COSMAR) Secretariat, fromDraft assessment, June 15, 2007The Global Forum has organized eight regional capacityassessments related to ocean and coastal management toexamine:1. Gaps and problems in capacity and determine theirrelative importance to current and future ocean governanceinitiatives, including national and regionalintegrated policy development2. The presence (or absence) of university formal programsrelated to ocean and coastal management incountries in the region, as well as needs for enhancingthese3. The presence (or absence) of informal programs ofocean and coastal management targeted to decisionmakersin countries in the region, as well as the needsfor enhancing such programs4. Approaches to institutionalizing “Extension” servicesat the community/local level for problem-solving andcommunity education regarding ocean and coastalresources5. Strategic solutions to the identified gaps and needsthrough the development of an implementationstrategy for capacity building in the regions, includingfunding sourcesThe following assessments have been carried out:-- Four rapid assessments on the specific steps that canbe taken to rapidly implement the Mauritius Strategy(2005) in four SIDS regions including assessing theassociated capacity development needs (see discussionand report titles in the section on SIDS);-- A capacity assessment on ocean and coastal managementby the Community of Portuguese-SpeakingNations (CPLP) (8 nations) (see details in Box 8);Assessment of Needs in Capacity Development forOcean and Coastal Management in the Communityof Portuguese-Speaking NationsCommunity of Portuguese-speaking Nations (CPLP)(2006)-- Regional capacity assessments on integrated oceanand coastal management in Africa, East Asia, andLatin America.Assessment of East Asia’s Capacity Building in Oceansand Coastal Governance PEMSEA, UNESCO-IOC, andthe Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands,(2007)Assessment of Africa’s Capacity Building Needs for theDevelopment and Implementation of Ecosystem-basedOcean GovernanceAli Mohammed and James Kamula, New Partnership forAfrica’s Development (NEPAD) Coastal and MarineCoordination Unit (COSMAR) Secretariat (in draft)Capacity Assessment in Ocean and CoastalManagement in Latin AmericaSecretariat of Environment and Natural Resources(SEMARNAT), Mexico, and Patricia Muñoz, NationalPolytechnic Institute (IPN), Mexico (Assessment underway)The Global Forum Working Group on CapacityDevelopment has been mobilized and produced a PolicyBrief on Capacity Development for the 4th GlobalOceans Conference. The Policy Brief makes a number of19

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Report of Activities 2005-2008recommendations for next steps for the Global Forum toconsider, including promoting the development of oceanleaders in partnership with global/regional organizations,i.e. AOSIS, WIO, GEF/ASLME, WIOMSA, CTI, facilitating ahigh-level multi-donor (public and private) multi-partnerconference on capacity development, and enhancing educationin marine affairs/policy for the next generation ofocean leaders (through regional consortia of universities).Oceans Strategy Workshop for SIDSTOPS 2005 The Ocean Policy SummitOctober 14, 2005The Global Forum organized the Oceans Strategy Workshop,which was attended by 60 participants, including 22SIDS participants and 21 lecturers and resource persons. Theworkshop covered the areas of integrated ocean governance,with a focus on upstream (land-based sources) anddownstream governance (continental shelf and ExclusiveEconomic Zone governance), and the importance of linkinginitiatives at both ends of the governance spectrum. Theworkshop aimed to increase awareness among participantson Exclusive Economic Zone and continental shelf delimitationand management; multilateral environmental agreementsnegotiations; and implementation of the GlobalProgramme of Action for the Protection of the MarineEnvironment from Land-Based Activities, and to provide anopportunity for discussion of issues and opportunities relatedto the workshop topicsCollaborative Activities with IW:LEARN inEnhancing Replication of Outcomes from GEF IWProjectsThe Global Forum and the UNDP/UNEP/WB-GEFInternational Waters Learning, Exchange, and ResourceNetwork Program (IW:LEARN) are collaborating in a numberof capacity development activities: 1) supporting thework of the Oceans Training Partnership (UNEP/GPA,UNDOALOS, UNDP/GEF, International Ocean Institute,IW:LEARN, UNESCO-IHE, Global Forum) especially inimplementing a framework for the electronic posting ofexisting courses administered by the various partners; 2)Internet dissemination of best practices and lessonslearned from the Global Forum GEF/MSP, other GlobalForum initiatives, and GEF International Water projects.Box 8. South-to-South Cooperation onCapacity Development among 8Portuguese Speaking NationsThe Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries(CPLP) organized the first-ever workshop on The Seasof the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countriesduring the Global Forum’s The Ocean Policy Summit(October 10-14, 2005), to identify the common needs ofits member states--Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal, São Tomé and Príncipe,and East Timor--in the development of national oceanpolicies as a major strategy for strengthening their nationaleconomies as well as their external relations. The totalarea of the Exclusive Economic Zones of the memberStates of the CPLP is approximately 10 million sq. km,and for centuries the histories of these countries havebeen closely related to the oceans, rendering their oceansas a major cultural and socio-economic asset.The workshop The Seas of the CPLP, which took place onOctober 10, 2005, constituted a historic meeting wherehigh level representatives of the CPLP Member States discussed,for the first time, the sustainable management ofoceans; prioritized common major issues on oceans management;and identified avenues for cross-national collaborationto address these issues. The participants drew up anaction plan for enhanced cooperation among memberstates, including the holding of a high-level officials workshopfor raising awareness on oceans management.The Government of Brazil subsequently hosted aMinisterial-level workshop for the CPLP, held in Brasiliaon May 24-26, 2006, which resulted in a Framework ofCooperation on the Environment among CPLP MemberStates. The framework represents a renewal of the commitmentsmade by the Community of Portuguese-SpeakingCountries to multilateral environmental agreements, particularlythe Johannesburg Plan of Implementation andthe Millennium Development Goals. In addition, the CPLPFramework of Cooperation on the Environment gives priorityto the implementation of existing institutionalarrangements already in place, particularly in respect to theBali Strategic Plan for Technology Support and Capacity20

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and IslandsBuilding, the UNEP Global Programme of Action for theProtection of the Marine Environment from Land-basedActivities, and the GEF International Waters Program.The workshop participants agreed that a fruitful cooperationamong CPLP nations could be achieved in the areasnoted below with different countries taking responsibilityfor serving as the lead on the issue:• Biodiversity• Combating Desertification and Mitigation of theEffects of Drought• Ecotourism• Environmental Education• Ocean and Coastal Management• Waste Management• Integrated Water Resources Management• Climate Change and Renewable Energies.The Framework will be implemented in variousways, including through:• Exchange of information;• Professional enhancement, through trainingcourses, student exchange and academic programs;• Strengthening environmental managementprograms;• Implementation of joint projects in each of thethematic areas included in this Framework;• Exchange of technicians, consultants and researchers;• Organization of seminars, symposia andconferences; and• Provision of equipment and other necessarymaterials for the accomplishment of specificprojects.Implementation of the Framework is already underwaywith a specific two-year agreement with funding betweenBrazil and Cape Verde to provide support for Cape Verdein capacity building, training, methodologies, and publicationsrelated to integrated management of coastal shoresand to oil spill prevention.6. Linking the Management ofFreshwater and Oceans and CoastsAll the Millennium Development Goals – reducing poverty,hunger, diseases, and environmental degradation – depend onwater for their achievement. That in turn calls for IntegratedWater Resources Management, and because water is an integralsystem, we must marry Chapter 18 of Agenda 21 onfreshwater resources, to Chapter 17 of Agenda 21 on oceansand coasts, and similarly, we must bring together the waterand oceans communities. The Global Forum is well poised tobring these two communities together.-- Dr. Torkil Jønch-Clausen, King Hassan IIPrize Awardee, 2006 World Water Forum,Mexico City, October 17, 2006, Beijing2005-2008 (GEF/MSP):Due to interrelated natural processes, what happensupstream affects the downstream environment and viceversa.In order to preserve overall system integrity, it isimperative to link management measures regardingoceans and coasts to the improved management of riverbasins and watersheds to insure that development activitiesupstream are planned and implemented with fullknowledge of the potential impacts to the ecosystems andeconomic activities and livelihoods in the coastal andmarine areas. The costs of inaction are high. It is knownfrom river rehabilitation practices that the costs of ignoringupstream-downstream management linkages havebeen enormous—the costs of rehabilitation are muchhigher than the costs of prevention.However, it is difficult, in practice, to connect the managementof freshwater, with the management of coasts andoceans since decisions about these areas generally takeplace in different institutions and by different actors.There has also generally been little systematic contactbetween the technical and policy communities in freshwaterand oceans.One of the goals of the GEF/MSP project was to foster dialogue,and eventually partnerships, with global waterinstitutions, such as the Global Water Partnership, theWorld Water Council, the Swedish International WaterInstitute, others. In the period 2005-2007, the GlobalForum thus spent considerable effort to insert an oceansaspect in important global water gatherings (such as theWorld Water Forum and the Stockholm World WaterWeek) as well as to bring freshwater perspectives intooceans fora such as the 2006 global oceans conference. Inrelated action, the Global Forum worked with UNEP/GPAin the preparations for the Second Intergovernmental21

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and IslandsReview Meeting of the UNEP Global Programme of Actionfor the Protection of the Marine Environment from LandbasedActivities (IGR-2), especially in the preparation ofIGR-2 partnerships.Working Group on Linking Management of Freshwaterand OceansThe Global Forum organized a Freshwater to OceansWorking Group to focus especially on the implementationof the UNEP Global Programme of Action for theProtection of the Marine Environment from Land-basedActivities and on best practices in linking watersheds tooceans. The Task Force is composed of experts in bothwatershed management and in integrated coastal andocean management from various organizations andregions. The activities of the Global Forum and of theFreshwater to Oceans Working Group to foster dialoguewith the global water community and to work on the IGR-2 are summarized in Box 9.The Global Forum also developed a new partnership withUNEP/GPA and other partners that was featured at the IGR-2 in Beijing in October 2006. The partnership, entitledAdvancing the WSSD Targets on Ecosystem Management andon Integrated Coastal Management through the GPA: GlobalReporting and Case Studies, will involve the preparation of aglobal report on the status and trends in the implementationof policy initiatives in ecosystem management, andintegrated coastal and ocean management, based on collaborationwith national authorities (on a voluntary basis),national experts, regional organizations, UN organizations,and other expert entities. This report was featured at the2008 4th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, andIslands in Vietnam (discussed later in this report). The conferencebrought together experts from around the world toexplicitly focusBox 9. Activities of the Global Forum and of theWorking Group on Freshwater and Oceans toConnect Freshwater and Ocean ManagementProcessesThe Working Group organized the InternationalWorkshop on Freshwater-Coastal-Marine ManagementInterlinkages, held on January 10-11, 2006 in Mexico City,sponsored by the GEF/MSP Fostering a Global Dialogue onOceans, Coasts, and SIDS, and on Freshwater-Coastal-MarineInterlinkages in collaboration with IOC, the ConsejoConsultivo del Agua, Mexico, SEMARNAT, Mexico, CentroEPOMEX, the Global Forum, UNEP Global Programme ofAction for the Protection of the Marine Environment fromLand-based Activities (GPA) and other collaboratingorganizations. Thirty-nine (39) experts from 29 countriesparticipated in the workshop.The Working Group organized a panel session and stakeholderdialogue sessions on linking freshwater-to-oceans initiativesat the Third Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, andIslands, held in UNESCO, Paris, France, January 23-28, 2006,and made preparations for the second IntergovernmentalReview of the UNEP-GPA (IGR-2) held on October 16-20,2006, in Beijing, People’s Republic of China.A session on Management Link for Freshwater andCoasts--Progress in Local Actions organized by theUNEP/GPA, the National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration, and the Global Forum was held at the 4thWorld Water Forum in Mexico City on March 18, 2006,which aimed to promote integrated watershed and coastalmanagement through the UNEP-GPA framework, partnershipsand other approaches.Another session on Strengthening Cross-cutting SchemesToward the Integrated Management of Rivers and Coastsorganized by SEMARNAT General Directorship forEnvironmental Policy, Regional and Sectoral Integration,and the Global Environmental Facility (GEF), was held atthe 4th World Water Forum on March 18, 2006, which promotedcrosscutting interventions along the watershed toprotect coastal areas from land-based sources of pollution,and highlighted the need for integrated watershed andcoastal management.Together with the Stakeholder Forum, the Global Forumproduced a set of newsletters, GPA Outreach, related toUNEP-GPA and IGR-2 during the Stockholm World WaterWeek (August 2006). The newsletters featured a number ofpartnerships that were presented during Partnerships Dayat IGR-2.The Global Forum also collaborated with the StakeholderForum on a GPA Event at the World Water Week onDeveloping Solutions to Protect the Marine Environmentfrom Land-based Activities: Stakeholder Consultation,August 22, 2006, Stockholm. In preparation for IGR-2, thisside event brought together stakeholders from around theworld to discuss issues threatening the marine environment.Participants were given the opportunity to commenton the draft Beijing Declaration on furthering the implementationof the Global Programme of Action for theProtection of the Marine Environment from Land-basedActivities produced during the IGR-2.The Global Forum participated in the 11th Global WaterPartnership Consulting Partners Meeting and 10thAnniversary Celebration held on August 18-20, 2006 inStockholm, Sweden, and in the 2006 World Water Weekalso in Stockholm, August 20-26, 2006, where several22

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islandspotential collaborators were identified in an effort topromote the development of a collaborative relationshipbetween the Global Forum and water-related institutions.In particular, collaboration was established with theDanish Hydraulic Institute Water and EnvironmentGroup and the UNEP Collaborating Centre on Waterand Environment (UCC-Water), focusing on: 1) Workon the GWP IWRM Tool Box to strengthen the integratedocean and coastal management tools available forboth IWRM and integrated ocean and coastal management(ICM) users; 2) Plan the conduct of a series of casestudies on freshwater to oceans linkages in severalregions of the world; 3) Conduct demonstrations on theuse of the enhanced IWRM tool box in the several forthcomingfreshwater and ocean workshops/meetings; 4)Collaborate in the planning of the content of freshwaterto oceans activities at forthcoming global water andglobal oceans events, including the World Water Forum,and the Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, andIslands.The Working Group on Freshwater to Oceans produceda Policy Brief on Linking the Management ofFreshwater, Oceans, and Coasts. The Policy Brief wasused as the basis for discussions during the 4th GlobalConference, which led to the identification of five goalsfor the Working Group to: (1) Identify and recognizethe costs and implications of failure to link IWRM andICM; (2) Challenge participants to identify ways to betterlink IWRM and ICM that can be suitable for governments,donors, planners, and key stakeholders; (3)Identify success stories; (4) Provide input to the GlobalForum related to recommendations and next steps; and(5) Identify post-Hanoi activities, including input to themarine section at the 5th World Water Forum. TheGlobal Forum is undertaking preparations for participationin the 5th World Water Forum to be held inIstanbul in 2009.7. Policy Analyses, Publications, andInformation ServicesThe Global Forum produces a broad variety of policyanalyses, publications, and information services, includingan electronic newsletter and other online information,with the goal of providing relevant and timelyinformation about integrated ocean policy to the globaloceans community, with a particular emphasis on decision-makers.See Box 10 for a list of publications.Box 10. Publications and Internet Services bythe Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands1. Integrated National and Regional Ocean Policies:Comparative Practices and Future ProspectsUNU Press (forthcoming in 2009)2. Workshop onGovernance of Marine Areas BeyondNational Jurisdiction: Management Issues and PolicyOptions (2009)3. Report to the Ninth Meeting of the Conference ofthe Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity,19-30 May 2008, Bonn, Germany (2008)4. Submission of the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts,and Islands to the UN Ad Hoc Open-Ended InformalWorking Group to study issues relating to the conservationand sustainable use of marine biologicaldiversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction,New York, 28 April - 2 May 2008 (2008)5. 4th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, andIslands: Conference Overview and EarthNegotiations Bulletin Summary Report (2008)6. Policy Brief on Climate, Oceans, and Security (2008)7. Policy Brief on Achieving EBM and ICM by 2010and Progress Indicators (2008)8. Policy Brief on Large Marine Ecosystems (2008)9. Policy Brief on Marine Biodiversity and Networks ofMarine Protected Areas (2008)10. Policy Brief on Fisheries and Aquaculture (2008)11. Policy Brief on SIDS and Implementation of theMauritius Strategy (2008)12. Policy Brief on Freshwater and Oceans (2008)13. Policy Brief on the Governance of Marine Ecosystemsand Uses in Areas Beyond the Limits of NationalJurisdiction (2008)14. Policy Brief on Maritime Transportation (2008)15. Policy Brief on Capacity Development (2008)16. Policy Brief on Compliance and Enforcement (2008)17. Policy Brief on Developing a Strategy for PublicEducation/Outreach (2008)18. Meeting the Commitments on Oceans, Coasts,and Small Island Developing States Made at the2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development:How Well Are We Doing? Co-chairs’ Report –Volume 1 (2006)23

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands19. Reports from the Third Global Conference on Oceans,Coasts, and Islands: Moving the Global Oceans AgendaForward, Co-Chairs’ Report – Volume 2 (2006)20. Small Islands, Large Ocean States: A Reviewof Ocean and Coastal Management in Small IslandDeveloping States since the 1994 Barbados Programmeof Action for the Sustainable Development of SmallIsland Developing States (SIDS) (2005)21 Island Bellwether: Climate Change and Energy PolicyStrategy for Small Island Developing States (2005)22. Mobilizing for Implementation of the CommitmentsMade at the 2002 World Summit on SustainableDevelopment on Oceans, Coasts, and Small IslandDeveloping States– Co-Chairs’ Report of the 2003 Global Conference onOceans, Coasts, and Islands, UNESCO, Paris, November12-14, 2003 and Subsequent Developments (May 2004)23. Global Multilateral Environmental Agreements andSmall Island Developing States (2004)24. Voluntary Partnership Initiatives from the 2002 WorldSummit on Sustainable Development and Small IslandDeveloping States (2003) (also in Spanish)25. A Guide to Oceans, Coasts and Islands at the WorldSummit on Sustainable Development: IntegratedManagement from Hilltops to Oceans (2002)26. Ensuring the Sustainable Development of Oceans andCoasts: A Call to Action. Co-Chairs' Report, the GlobalConference on Oceans and Coasts at Rio+10, Paris,UNESCO, December 3-7, 2001 (2001)27. Ministerial Perspectives on Oceans and Coasts atRio+10 (2001)28. Reports of the Conference Working Groups, The GlobalConference on Oceans and Coasts at Rio+10, Paris,UNESCO, December 3-7, 2001 (2001)29. Internet services: www.globaloceans.org provides a varietyof information services on global, regional, andnational developments related to oceans, coasts, andislands30. Global Forum Newsletter, an electronic newsletter, is publishedperiodically (available on www.globaloceans.org)8. Outreach to the Public2001-2008:The Global Forum has organized ocean events especiallyaimed at decisionmakers and is collaborating with theWorld Ocean Network in the creation and disseminationof information on global oceans issues to the public.Ocean EventsThe Global Forum hosts side events at nearly all relevantinternational conferences and meetings that focus on theglobal agenda on oceans, coasts, and SIDS. See Box 11 fora list of events.Box 11. Side Events Organized by the GlobalForum on Oceans, Coasts, andIslands during Major Ocean Meetings1. Side Event at 9th Meeting of UN Open-ended InformalConsultative Process on Oceans and theLaw of the Sea (ICP-9): “Advancing EcosystemManagement and Integrated Coastal and OceanManagement in the Context of Climate Change:Special Focus on Maritime Security and Safety”(Co-organized with the Permanent Mission of theSeychelles to the UN), New York, June 23, 20082. Side Event at the 16th Meeting of the UN Commissionon Sustainable Development: “Sea Level Rise,Climate Change and its impacts on Food Security inSIDS: Challenges and Opportunities” (Co-organizedwith the Sea Level Rise Foundation) New York,May 12, 20083. Side Event at the UN Ad Hoc Open-Ended InformalWorking Group to study issues relating to the conservationand sustainable use of marine biologicaldiversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction:“Governance of Marine Ecosystems and Uses inAreas Beyond National Jurisdiction in the Contextof Climate Change: Prospects and Challenges”(Co-sponsored with the Permanent Mission ofSouth Africa to the United Nations),New York, April 29, 20084. Side Event at the 8th Meeting of the United NationsOpen-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceansand the Law of the Sea (ICP-8): “Meeting the WSSDGoals of Achieving Ecosystem Management andIntegrated Coastal and Ocean Management by 2010 (atNational and Regional Levels and in Areas beyondNational Jurisdiction) Taking into Account ClimateChange: Challenges, Progress, Political Will,”New York, June 26, 200724

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands5. Side Event at World Water Week: “DevelopingSolutions to Protect the Marine Environment fromLand-Based Activities: Stakeholder Consultation,”(Co-organized with the Stakeholder Forum for aSustainable Future), Stockholm, August 22, 20066. Side Event at the 7th Meeting of the United NationsOpen-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceansand the Law of the Sea (ICP-7): “Meeting theCommitments on Oceans, Coasts, and Small IslandDeveloping States Made at the 2002 World Summit onSustainable Development: How Well Are We Doing?,”New York, June 13, 20067. Session at the 4th World Water Forum on“Management Link for Freshwater and Coasts –Progress in Local Actions” (Organized by theUNEP/GPA, NOAA, SEMARNAT and the GlobalForum), Mexico City, March 18, 20068. Side Event at the 2nd Meeting of theIntergovernmental Review of the UNEP-GPA:”Advancing the Oceans, Coasts, Small IslandDeveloping States (SIDS), and Freshwater/OceansAgenda in the Next Decade: Key Issues andOpportunities,” Beijing, October 19, 20069. Side Event at the Mauritius International Meetingon SIDS: “Mobilizing for Further Implementation ofOcean and Coastal Management in SIDS,”January 11, 200510. Side Event at the 3rd World Water Forum,March 16-23, 200311. Side Event at the 20th Anniversary of the Lawof the Sea, 2002Outreach to the Public Through Museums andAquariaThe Global Forum recognizes the importance of increasingpublic awareness of the global agenda on oceans, coasts,and island to advance the global oceans agenda. Since2002, the Global Forum has enjoyed a close collaborationwith NAUSICAA (Centre National de la Mer, France), alsothe organizer of World Ocean Network (WON) (the networkof museums, aquaria, and ocean learning centersaround the world). With WON and NAUSICAA andwith funding from the GEF/MSP, the Global Forum hasprepared and disseminated a package of public informationmaterials highlighting global oceans issues anddemonstrating how individual citizens can make a differencein achieving sustainable development of oceans.The WON and NAUSICAA have developed a long-rangeplan (to 2015) with a framework for public informationactivities in support of Global Forum goals and objectives(see figure on opposite page).Safeguarding the potential of the world’s ocean is an immensecollective and individual challenge for all citizens of the BluePlanet. The oceans sustain livelihoods of all inhabitants of theEarth. It is only natural that all citizens, and not only decisionmakers,should be involved in stewardship and governance ofthe oceans. The role of the general public is two-fold: To participateactively in policy- making and to adapt their everydaybehaviour towards a sustainable way of life. Without a strongpublic awareness of human connectedness with the marineenvironment and a strong sense of common maritime identity,no policy will succeed.The role that aquaria, science centres, natural science museums,and zoos can play makes them an important asset. Visited bymore than 200 million people every year, our institutions are situatedat a crossroads where several worlds converge: The worldof politics, scientists and professionals, the world of massmedia, and general public institutions. We are ideally placed toexplain the complexities of maritime issues, inform the publicabout sustainable policies, make new laws more easily accepted,involve people in their implementation, and find out whatthe general public really thinks and needs.- Philippe Vallette, General Manager,NAUSICAA (Centre National de la Mer,France), and Co-Chair, World OceanNetwork, June 24, 2007, New YorkThe Global Forum Working Group on Public Educationand Outreach, organized in 2007, has developed a PolicyBrief, which was presented and discussed at the 4th GlobalOceans Conference in Hanoi, Vietnam.Directory of Non-Governmental OrganizationsInvolved in Oceans, Coasts, and SIDSThis directory provides concise information on about 500non-governmental organizations (NGOs) around theworld that are involved in furthering the agenda of theWorld Summit on Sustainable Development regardingoceans, coasts, and small island developing States. TheDirectory is web-based to make it widely accessible and forease in updating existing NGO information and addingnew organizations. It is located at the Global Forum onOceans, Coasts, and Islands website:www.globaloceans.org.25

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Report of Activities 2005-200826

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and IslandsIII. FUTURE DIRECTIONS:GLOBAL FORUM STRATEGICPLANNING TO 20162005-2008:In late 2006, the Global Forum began a strategic planningeffort in collaboration with governments, United Nationsagencies, NGOs, industry, and scientific groups, to advancethe global oceans agenda over the ten-year period to 2016.Twelve Multinational Expert Working Groups, involving254 experts from 72 countries, have been organized on thefollowing three major themes based on the WSSD targetson oceans, coasts, and SIDS, also considering a number ofoverarching, cross-cutting issues, as shown in the chartbelow.The Working Groups have prepared a set of PolicyAnalyses addressing:• The major problems/obstacles that affect the issue areaand ways of overcoming these• How the global ocean goal/target under considerationcan be assessed and progress (or lack thereof) measured;the extent to which intermediate and readily measurabletargets and timetables might be set as implementationbenchmarks; and the relationship of the oceangoal/target to other global ocean goals/targets• Strategic opportunities for advancing the global goal/target in the next decade, by whom, and in what fora• Recommendations on 3-5 specific priority action stepsfor implementation by national and international decisionmakersto advance the issue in the next phaseThe following policy briefs are available atwww.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2008/:1. Ecosystem Management and Integrated Coastal andOcean Management and Indicators for Progress2. Large Marine Ecosystems3. Marine Biodiversity and Networks of MarineProtected Areas4. Linking the Management of Freshwater, Oceans,and Coasts5. Fisheries and Aquaculture—Sustainability andGovernance6. Maritime Transport7. Governance of Marine Ecosystems and Uses inAreas Beyond National Jurisdiction8. Climate, Oceans, and Security9. Small Island Developing States (SIDS) andImplementation of the Mauritius Strategy10. Compliance and Enforcement11. Capacity Building12. Public Education and OutreachTheme 1: Achieving EcosystemManagement and IntegratedCoastal and Ocean Managementby 2010a. Coordinating Group onTheme 1: Cross-Cutting Issuesb. Large Marine Ecosystemsc. Marine Biodiversity and MPAsd. Freshwater, Oceans, and Coastse. Fisheries and Aquaculturef. Maritime TransportationGlobal Forum Working Groups MatrixTheme 2: Climate, Oceans, and Securitya. Coordinating Group onTheme 2: Cross-Cutting Issues• Vulnerable Communities--Adaptation--Environmental Refugees--Public Health• Vulnerable Ecosystems--Natural Disasters--Sea Level Rise--Ocean Acidification--Ocean Warmingb. SIDS and the Mauritius StrategyTheme 3: Governance of MarineEcosystems and Uses in AreasBeyond National Jurisdictiona. Coordinating Group onTheme 3: Cross-Cutting Issues• Overall Governance Issues• Ecosystems and Uses--Marine Biodiversity--Fisheries--Bioprospecting--Deep Seabed Mining--Tourism--Maritime TransportationOverarching, Cross-Cutting Issuesa. Capacity Developmentb. Indicators for Progressc. Compliance and Enforcementd. Public Education/Outreach/Media27

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Report of Activities 2005-2008Global Forum Activities Planned for2009-2012Organizations with an interest in advancing the globaloceans agenda are invited to collaborate with the GlobalForum in the further development and implementation ofthe strategic plan to advance the global oceans agenda andassociated activities.The Global Environment Facility (GEF) has committedsupport as core funding to support this work. Co-financinghas been invited from a wide range of collaborators fromUN agencies, national governments, nongovernmentalorganizations, foundations, research centers, and aquariaand museums.Major Activities to Be Undertaken:• STRATEGIC PLANNING TO ADVANCE THEGLOBAL OCEANS AGENDA:Work by Global Forum Secretariat and 12 MultinationalWorking Groups to implement the policy recommendationsmade at the Hanoi Global Oceans Conference and bythe Working Groups to advance the global oceans agendato 2016• CO-ORGANIZATION OF THE GLOBAL OCEANPOLICY DAY AT THE WORLD OCEAN CONFER-ENCE, MANADO, INDONESIA, MAY 11-15, 2009At the 2009 World Ocean Conference, high-level politicalleaders and other eminent persons will focus on thespecific actions and initiatives that should be taken by theinternational community to address the policy recommendationsdeveloped at the 4th Global Conference on Oceans,Coasts, and Islands in Hanoi. This conference is beingorganized by the Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs andFisheries and the Government of North Sulawesi, in collaborationwith the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, andIslands, and other international partners.Bringing together the high-level leaders around the world in aninformal way, in the Global Conferences and in the MinisterialRoundtable, has been very useful in broadening the debate toinclude the perspectives of developing nations, developednations, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmentalorganizations, industry, and civil society, and has helped toinspire Indonesia to take a leading role in global ocean affairsby convening the World Ocean Conference in 2009 which willbe organized in coordination with the Global Forum.-- Indroyono Soesilo, Chair, Agency for Marineand Fisheries Research, Ministry of MarineAffairs and Fisheries, Indonesia• SPECIAL ANALYSES IN THREE MAJOR AREAS:1. Extent of implementation of Ecosystem-Based Management(EBM) and Integrated Coastal Management (ICM), includingfreshwater aspects, at national and regional levels, inpartnership with national and regional collaborators2. Improving governance of marine areas beyond nationaljurisdiction3. Planning and financing for adaptation to climate change indeveloping countries, especially SIDS• 5TH GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON OCEANS,COASTS, AND ISLANDS: ADVANCINGINTEGRATED OCEAN GOVERNANCE ATNATIONAL, REGIONAL, AND GLOBAL LEVELS,UNESCO, PARIS, FRANCE, APRIL 5-9, 2010The Conference, which will, in part, also celebrate the 50thanniversary of the Intergovernmental OceanographicCommission and the 2010 International Year ofBiodiversity, will address the following themes:• Oceans, Climate and Security: Major Issues in Mitigation,Adaptation, and Financing• Integrated Marine and Coastal Policies: Best Practices atNational and Regional Levels• Progress Markers in Achieving Integrated Ecosystem-BasedManagement by 2010, Including Linkages to Freshwater• Marine Biodiversity (2010) and Networks of MarineProtected Areas (2012), and celebrating the 2010International Year of Biodiversity• Next Steps in Building Consensus on IntegratedGovernance of Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction• Enhancing United Nations Capacity to Respond to Cross-Cutting Issues in Ocean Governance• Mobilizing to Support Capacity Development inDeveloping Countries and Small Island Developing States(SIDS)• Mobilizing the Public and the Private Sector for GlobalOcean Stewardship• OCEAN/CLIMATE STRATEGY/VISION/ LEADER-SHIP TRAINING FOR HIGH-LEVEL DECISION-MAKERS FROM AROUND THE WORLD (FOCUSON PERMANENT OCEAN OFFICIALS IN-COUN-TRY AND PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES TOTHE UN)This initiative aims to foster the development of “oceanleadership” among high-level decision-makers in developingcountries and SIDS, including both the highest levelpermanent officials at national levels and in the UN coun-28

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islandstry missions in New York. This Ocean Leadership TrainingProgram will combine the following aspects: (i) substantiveaspects related to the interplay of oceans, coasts, climate,and biodiversity and related international andnational frameworks; (ii) leadership skills; (iii) negotiationskills. Specific modules in this training program mayinclude (i) Implementation of WSSD targets on oceans,coasts, and SIDS: State-of-the Art: (a) Status of Ecosystemsand Resources; and (b) How Well are We Doing?; (ii)Effective Communication, Negotiation, and Decisionmaking;and (iii) Oceans and Climate Change: (a)Developing Strategies and Linkages Among ManagementInitiatives; (b) Putting Oceans in the Climate Agenda; and(c) Addressing Climate Change Impacts on VulnerableEcosystems and Communities. The Ocean LeadershipTraining Program will be developed and delivered, withpartners, initially in English. Subsequently, the programmay be delivered in different languages together with leadingpartners from different countries.• PUBLIC EDUCATION AND OUTREACHThe Global Forum will collaborate with the World OceanNetwork (WON) (reaching more than 250 museums andaquaria around the world), the World Ocean Observatory(WOO), and other groups specializing in public outreachto craft and disseminate messages to the public to promoteappropriate individual and social behavior toward theoceans, in conjunction with the world’s museums andaquaria. In 2009, this work will be especially devoted tooceans and climate to coincide with the Global Forum’sefforts associated with the 2009 World Ocean Conferenceand the UNFCCC negotiations. A series of public-orientedbriefings focused on the oceans/climate priority areas to becovered at WOC2009 will be prepared and widely disseminatedin print form as well as in other media.IV. GLOBAL FORUM ORGANIZATIONAND CONTACT INFORMATIONThe Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands is governedby the following:1. Three Co-Chairs:Co-Chairs, Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts,and Islands:Dr. Biliana Cicin-Sain, Head of Global Forum SecretariatDirector, Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine PolicyUniversity of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USATel: 1-302-831-8086;Fax: 1-302-831-3668Email: bcs@udel.eduDr. Patricio Bernal, Executive SecretaryIntergovernmental Oceanographic Commission/UNESCO1, rue Miollis Cedex 15Paris, FranceTel: 33-1-45-68-39-83Email: p.bernal@unesco.orgDr. Veerle VandeweerdDirector, Environment & Energy GroupBureau for Development PolicyUnited Nations Development Programme304 East 45th Street, 9th FloorNew York, NY 10017 , U.S.A.Tel: +1 (212) 906-5020Email: veerle.vandeweerd@undp.org2. The Steering Committee of the GlobalForum on Oceans, Coasts, and IslandsThe Steering Committee is comprised of 90 ocean leadersfrom the governmental, intergovernmental, and nongovernmentalsectors from all regions of the world (pleasesee list on page 43).The Steering Committee provides policy guidance for thecurrent and future activities of the Global Forum3. The Secretariat of the Global Forum onOceans, Coasts, and IslandsThe Secretariat of the Global Forum is the InternationalCoastal and Ocean Organization (ICO), an internationalnongovernmental organization accredited to the UnitedNations roster for the UN Commission on SustainableDevelopment since 1993, and granted Special ConsultativeStatus with the Economic and Social Council of the UnitedNations in July 2006. ICO is registered as a non-profit andtax-exempt organization (501 (c) (3) in the State ofMassachusetts, USA. ICO has been the Secretariat of theGlobal Forum since 2004.ICO is governed by an international Board of Directors,noted by a double asterisk in the List of SteeringCommittee members in the Appendix. All members of theICO Board of Directors are also members of the SteeringCommittee of the Global Forum. The ICO Board ofDirectors provides operational guidance for ICO as theSecretariat of the Global Forum.ICO is hosted at the Gerard J. Mangone Center for MarinePolicy, University of Delaware, USA. Center researchers,together with partners around the world, coordinate theanalytical functions of the Global Forum on Oceans,Coasts, and Islands, the preparation of policy analyses onthe implementation of global oceans agreements, and theconduct of the Global Forum’s global conferences, publications,and educational activities.29

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Report of Activities 2005-2008See the Global Forum organizational structure onthe next page.Contact InformationFor additional information on the Global Forum onOceans, Coasts, and Islands or to become engaged inGlobal Forum activities, please contact the Global ForumSecretariat.Global Forum SecretariatInternational Coastal and Ocean Organizationc/o Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy,University of DelawareNewark, Delaware 19716, USATelephone: 1-302-831-8086;Fax: 1-302-831-3668Internet: http://www.globaloceans.orgContact:Dr. Biliana Cicin-Sain, Global Forum Co-Chair andHead of Secretariat (bcs@udel.edu)Dr. Miriam Balgos, Global Forum Program Coordinator(mbalgos@udel.edu)30

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and IslandsGlobal Forumon Oceans,Coasts, andIslandsSecretariat: InternationalCoastal and OceanOrganization (ICO), housed atthe Gerard J. Mangone Centerfor Marine Policy, University ofDelaware ICO, the Global ForumSecretariat, is the operating body ofthe Global Forum ICO is a non-profit and taxexemptorganization registered inMassachusetts, USA. ICO hasbeen accredited to UN processesrelated to the UN Conference onEnvironment and Developmentsince 1991. ICO was accredited tothe UN Commission onSustainable Development in 1993,and was granted specialConsultative Status with the UNEconomic and Social Council in2006 ICO is governed by anInternational Board of Directors,which serves as the ExecutiveCommittee of the Global Forumand provides operational guidanceto ICO as the Secretariat of theGlobal Forum Meets 1-2 times a yearOrganizational StructureGlobal ForumSteeringCommittee:93 multinational,multi-sectoralmembers Provides policyguidance for theactivities of theSecretariat of theGlobal Forum Members invited fortheir expertise, regionalknowledge, sectoralrepresentation in threemajor categories:governmental,intergovernmental andinternationalorganizations,nongovernmental(including industry,educational andresearch institutions,foundations)Global Forum Working Groups:Composed of ~250 volunteermulti-national, multi-sectoral expertsworking on 12 thematic areas:1. Climate, Oceans, and Security2. Ecosystem-based Management andIntegrated Coastal Management by 2010in the Context of Climate Change3. Large Marine Ecosystems4. SIDS and Implementation of theMauritius Strategy5. Fisheries and Aquaculture6. Marine Biodiversity and Networks ofMarine Protected Areas7. Linking Freshwater to Coasts to Oceans8. Maritime Transportation9. Governance of Marine Areas BeyondNational Jurisdiction10. Compliance and Enforcement11. Capacity Development in Ocean andCoastal Management12. Public Education/Outreach/Media Organized to undertake strategic planningon the global oceans agenda for the period2006-2016 Three-year term,renewable Meets 1-2 times ayear Provide recommendations on theimmediate and long-term steps to be carriedout by the Global Forum and other majoractors to advance the global oceans agenda Meet via conference calls and occasionalface-to-face meetingsWorld Ocean Network:Network of more than 250aquariums, sciencecommunicationinstitutions, and sciencecenters, which aims topromote the sustainableuse of the oceans Serves as the publicoutreach arm of the GlobalForumCouncil of Global ForumDonors:Representatives of donorand other organizationsproviding major financialsupport to the GlobalForum Being formed in 2009 Will advise on priorityareas for funding andstrategic planning forprogram development Will meet once a year31

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Report of Activities 2005-2008V. Groups within the Global Forum1. Working Group Leaders and MembersThe Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands hasundertaken a strategic planning effort for the period 2006-2016 to develop policy recommendations for specific nextsteps needed to advance the global oceans agenda aimed atgovernments, UN agencies, NGOs, industry, and scientificgroups. To this effect, Working Groups have been organizedaround 13 major topic areas related to the globaloceans commitments made at the 2002 World Summit onSustainable Development and to emerging issues facingthe global oceans community.The Working Groups have been organized and coordinatedby the Global Forum Secretariat, under the direction ofDr. Biliana Cicin-Sain, Co-Chair and Head of Secretariat,Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, and involvingthe following staff from the Gerard J. Mangone Centerfor Marine Policy, University of Delaware: Miriam Balgos,Kateryna Wowk, Caitlin Snyder, Shelby Hockenberry, andKathleen McCole.WORKING GROUP ON CLIMATE, OCEANS,AND SECURITYWORKING GROUP LEADERS:Gunnar Kullenberg, Independent Consultant, and formerExecutive Secretary of the Intergovernmental OceanographicCommission of UNESCOJanot-Reine Mendler de Suarez, Global EnvironmentFacility/IW-LEARNAmbassador Tuiloma Neroni Slade, Former PermanentRepresentative of Samoa to the United Nations, formerChair of AOSIS, and former Judge for the InternationalCriminal CourtIk Kyo Chung, Pusan National University and Gi- Jun Hanand Jai Young Lee, Ministry of Land, Transport, andMaritime Affairs, Republic of KoreaBill Eichbaum, Managing Director and Vice President of theMarine Portfolio, World Wildlife FundIndroyono Soesilo and Tonny Wagey, Ministry of MarineAffairs and Fisheries, IndonesiaChristopher Tompkins, Independent Consultant, UK,formerly DEFRARobert Corell, Arctic Climate Impact AssessmentPaul Epstein, Associate Director, Center for Health and theGlobal Environment, Harvard University Medical SchoolMargaret Davidson, NOAAMagdalena A.K. Muir, Arctic Institute of North AmericaKateryna M. Wowk, University of Delaware and NOAADavid VanderZwaag, Dalhousie University, IUCN SpecialistGroup on Ocean Law and GovernanceEdward Miles, School of Marine Affairs, University ofWashingtonDavid Zilkoski, Director, National Geodetic Survey,NOAA/NOSWORKING GROUP MEMBERS:Ellina Levina, OECDLeonard Nurse, University of West Indies, Cave Hill Campus,Barbados and former Permanent Secretary (Environment),Ministry of Physical Development and Environment,BarbadosAmbassador Gunnar Palsson, IcelandEduard Sarukhanian, Director, World-Weather-Watch-Applications, World Meteorological OrganizationKen Sherman, NOAA-NMFSAmbassador Enele Sopoaga, Permanent Secretary (CEO)for Foreign Affairs and Labour, TuvaluVu Thanh Ca, Institute of Hydrography and Meteorology,VietnamClive Wilkinson, Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network32

Agenda for 2005-2007The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and IslandsChristopher Corbin, Caribbean Environment Programme,UNEPMargaret Davidson, Zac Hart, and Ginger Hinchcliff, NOAACoastal Services CenterWORKING GROUP MEMBERS:WORKING GROUP ON ECOSYSTEM-BASEDMANAGEMENT AND INTEGRATED COASTALAND OCEAN MANAGEMENT AND INDICATORSFOR PROGRESSWORKING GROUP LEADERS:Steven Murawski and Jack Dunnigan, NOAANguyen Chu Hoi, Deputy Administrator, VietnamAssociation for Seas and Islands, VietnamAl Duda and Peter Bjornsen, Global Environment FacilityGi-Jun Han, Ministry of Land, Transportation and MaritimeAffairs, Republic of KoreaCamille Mageau/Jake Rice, Department of Fisheries andOceans, CanadaAntonio Diaz de Leon and Porfirio Alvarez, Environmental,Regional Integration and Sectoral Policy, Environment andNatural Resources Ministry (SEMARNAT), MexicoEllik Adler, UNEP Regional Seas ProgrammeDavid Johnson, OSPARKhulood Tubaishat, The Regional Organization for theConservation of the Environment of the Red Sea andGulf of Aden (PERSGA)David Freestone, World BankMagnus Ngoile, Marine and Coastal EnvironmentManagement Project (MACEMP), TanzaniaAli Mohammad, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of State forSpecial Programmes, KenyaTonny Wagey, Ministry of Marine Affairs andFisheries, IndonesiaIndumathie Hewawasam, Independent Consultant,formerly The World BankMick O’Toole, Benguela Current Large Marine EcosystemProgrammeQinhua Fang, Environmental Science Research Centreof Xiamen University, ChinaJulian Barbiere and Stefano Belfiore, IOC, UNESCOPhilippe Vallette, World Ocean Network, NAUSICAA, FranceFernando Almuna, ChileMilton Asmus, International Representative, BrazilianAgency for Coastal ManagementDan Basta, NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries ProgramDominique Benzaken, Marine Division of the Department ofthe Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, AustraliaFatima Dia Toure, SenegalRudolf Dorah, Solomon IslandsKristina Gjerde, IUCNVladimir Golitsyn, Moscow State UniversityLynne Hale, The Nature ConservancyMarea Hatziolos, World BankAndrew Hudson, UNDPPablo Huidobro, GEF Gulf of Mexico LMETimothy Kasten, UNEP, DEPI, NairobiCarl Lundin, IUCNVladimir Mamaev, UNDP, Europe and the CISYuriy Mikhaylichenko, Ministry of Economic Developmentand Trade of the Russian FederationTony Ribbink, CEO, Sustainable Seas Trust, South AfricaJohn Richardson, Maritime Policy Task Force, EuropeanCommissionAlan Simcock, Independent Consultant, UK, formerCo-Chair, UNICPOLOSIndroyono Soesilo, Agency for Marine and FisheriesResearch, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, IndonesiaKristian Teleki, International Coral Reef Action Network,SwitzerlandHiroshi Terashima, Institute for Ocean Policy, Ocean PolicyResearch Foundation, JapanIsabelle Van der Beck, GEF International Waters Projects inLatin America, UNEPDavid VanderZwaag, Dalhousie University, IUCN SpecialistGroup on Ocean Law and GovernanceDixon Waruinge, UNEP Regional Seas ProgrammeClive Wilkinson, Global Coral Reef Monitoring NetworkYihang Jiang, GEF Yellow Sea LMEIgnatius KV Kauvee, University of Namibia33

The Global Forum on Oceans, Agenda Coasts, for and 2005-2007Islands The Report Global of Activities Forum on 2005-2008 Oceans, Coasts, and IslandsRobin Mahon, Caribbean Large Marine Ecosystem ProjectRodolfo Serra, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero, ChileShannon Dionne, Office of International Affairs, NOAAThomas Laughlin, Office of International Affairs, NOAAYihang Jiang, Project Manager, Yellow Sea Project (YSLME)WORKING GROUP ON LARGE MARINEECOSYSTEMSWORKING GROUP LEADER:Ken Sherman, NOAAWORKING GROUP MEMBERS:Alex Lascaratos, GEF/PDF-B Project ManagerAndrew Cooke, UNEP-GEF Canary Current LMEAnthony Ribbink, Sustainable Seas TrustAntonio Diaz de Leon Corral, Secretaría de Medio Ambientey Recursos NaturalesCarl Lundin, IUCNChidi Ibe, GCLMEDann Sklarew, GEF IW:LEARNDavid Vousden, Agulhas and Somali Current Large MarineEcosystems ProjectGennady Matishov, Murmansk Marine Biological InstituteGeorgy Volovik, UNDP-GEF Black Sea Ecosystem RecoveryProjectGotthilf Hempel, Independent ConsultantHector Soldi, Instituto del Mar del PeruHein Rune Skjoldal, Institute of Marine Research, NorwayHyung Tack Huh, Yellow Sea LME and KORDIIgor Belkin, University of Rhode IslandJames Oliver, Marine Programme, IUCNJan Thulin, ICES and HELCOMJanot Mendler de Suarez, GEF IW:LEARNJulian Barbiere, UNESCOKhulood Tubaishat, Regional Organization for theConservation of the Environment of Red Sea and Gulf ofAden (PERSGA)Marie-Christine Aquarone, NOAAMichael O’Toole, Benguela Current Large Marine EcosystemProgrammeNed Cyr, NOAA FisheriesQisheng Tang, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research InstituteWORKING GROUP ON SMALL ISLANDDEVELOPING STATES (SIDS) ANDIMPLEMENTATION OF THE MAURITIUSSTRATEGYWORKING GROUP LEADERS:Rolph Payet, Advisor to the President, SeychellesAmbassador Tuiloma Neroni Slade, Former PermanentRepresentative of Samoa to the United Nations, former Chairof AOSIS, and former Judge, International Criminal CourtHon. Ronny Jumeau, UN Ambassador for SeychellesCristelle Pratt, Pacific Islands Applied GeoscienceCommission (SOPAC)Tim Adams, Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC)Ambassador Angus Friday, Chairman, Alliance of SmallIsland States (AOSIS), Permanent Representative of Grenadato the United NationsLaVerne Walker, Coastal Zone Unit, Ministry of PhysicalDevelopment, Environment and Housing, St. LuciaGarfield Barnwell, Caribbean Community and CommonMarket (CARICOM)Dianne Quarless, UNDESA SIDS UnitVincent Sweeney, UNEP/Integrating Watershed and CoastalAreas Management Project, CaribbeanAmbassador Jagdish Koonjul, Mauritius, former Chair,Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS)WORKING GROUP MEMBERS:Alfred Duda, Global Environment FacilityFazal Ibrahim Ali, University Consortium ofSmall Island States34

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and IslandsChristopher Corbin, UNEP Caribbean EnvironmentProgramme, Regional Coordinating UnitLaleta Davis-Mattis, Jamaica National Heritage TrustAnnick de Marffy, Independent Consultant, former Director,UN-DOALOSArthur Webb, Pacific Islands Applied GeoscienceCommission (SOPAC)Rudolf Dorah, Constitutional Reform Congress of SolomonIslandsArthur Gray, Representative of the Organisation of AmericanStates (OAS) to HaitiJohn Low, Adviser to the Minister of Marine Resources forthe Cook IslandsFranklin McDonald, UNEP Caribbean EnvironmentProgrammeMarina N’Deye Pereira Silva, Independent Consultant,Portugal (Cape Verde)Nguyen Hong Thao, FrontierCommittee, Ministry of ForeignAffairs, VietnamJames Hardcastle, TNC AustraliaAlf Simpson, Independent Consultant, Pacific IslandsAsterio Takesy, Director, Secretariat for the Pacific RegionalEnvironment ProgrammeCesar Toro, IOCARIBEDirk Troost, formerly Coasts and Small Islands, UNESCODavid VanderZwaag, Dalhousie University, IUCN SpecialistGroup on Ocean Law and GovernanceJon Van Dyke, University of Hawaii Law SchoolFathimath Ghina, Intergovernmental OceanographicCommission, UNESCORaj Mohabeer, Indian Ocean CommissionGerald Miles, The Nature ConservancyNelson Andrade, Caribbean Environment Programme, UNEPDominique Benzaken, Pacific Regional EnvironmentProgramme (SPREP)Mary Seet-Cheng, Ambassador of Singapore to the Republicof PanamaEdna Chia, Permanent Mission of Singapore to the UnitedNationsNatasha Turnquest, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, BahamasWORKING GROUP ON FISHERIES ANDAQUACULTURE – SUSTAINABILITY ANDGOVERNANCEWORKING GROUP LEADERS:Rebecca Lent, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAAChris Tompkins, Independent Consultant, formerlyDEFRA, UKAli Mohamed, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of State forSpecial Programmes, KenyaLe Thanh Luu, Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1,VietnamDavid Balton, U.S. Department of StateJean-Francois Pulvenis de Seligny, FAOKieran Kelleher, World BankMick O’Toole, Benguela Current Large Marine EcosystemProgrammeJohn Connelly and Stetson Tinkham, National FisheriesInstitute, International Coalition of Fishing OrganizationsBarbara Hanchard, GEF UNDP Oceanic FisheriesManagement ProjectWORKING GROUP MEMBERS:Arthur Bogason, World Forum of Fish Harvesters and FishWorkers, IcelandNguyen Chu Hoi, Deputy Administrator, VietnamAdministration for Seas and Islands, VietnamAnthony Cox, Organisation for Economic Cooperation andDevelopment (OECD)Simon Cripps, Chief Executive, Dorset Wildlife Trust, UKAnamarija Frankic, University of Massachusetts BostonJulius Francis, Western Indian Ocean Marine ScienceAssociation (WIOMSA)Matthew Gianni, Deep Sea Conservation Coalition,The NetherlandsStephen Hall, WorldFish Center (ICLARM)Dawn Martin, SeaWebRebecca Metzner, FAO35

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Report of Activities 2005-2008Magnus Ngoile, Marine and Coastal EnvironmentManagement Project (MACEMP), TanzaniaPietro Parravano, Institute for Fisheries Resources, WorldFisheries ForumDaniel Pauly, Fisheries Centre, University of BritishColumbiaJames R. McGoodwin, Professor of Anthropology, Universityof ColoradoGorazd Ruseski, Kelly Moore, Steven Purvis and AnneFrenette, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, CanadaJorge Chocair Santibañez, Undersecretary of State forFisheries, ChileKenneth Sherman, LME ProgramRobin Mahon, University of West IndiesSebastian Matthews, International Collective in Supportof FishworkersRudolf Dorah, Constitutional Reform Congress,Solomon IslandsJoe Terry, NOAAYihang Jiang, GEF Yellow Sea LME ProjectJuan Luis Suárez de Vivero, Department of HumanGeography, University of SevillePaul Holthus, Independent ConsultantPeter Redmond, Wal-MartWORKING GROUP MEMBERS:Julian Barbiere, IOC, UNESCOStefano Belfiore, IOC, UNESCOChu Tien Vinh, National Directorate of Aquatic ResourceProtection and Conservation, MARD, VietnamChris Tompkins, Independent ConsultantRussell Reichelt, CRC Reef Research Centre, AustraliaNik Sekhran, United Nations Development ProgrammeNick Davidson, Ramsar ConventionJulius Francis, WIOMSA SecretariatGregor Hodgson, Reef CheckNoah Idechong, Palau Conservation SocietyCarl Lundin, IUCNArthur Paterson, NOAA IPOEvelia Rivera-Arriaga, EPOMEX, MexicoNirmal Jivan Shah, Nature SeychellesMarjo Vierros, UNU-IASRenee Sauve/Jennifer Mooney, Department of Fisheriesand Oceans, CanadaWORKING GROUP ON MARINE BIODIVERSITYAND NETWORKS OF MARINE PROTECTEDAREASWORKING GROUP LEADERS:Jihyun Lee, Convention on Biological DiversitySue Wells, Independent ConsultantDan Laffoley, World Commission on Protected Areas-Marine,IUCNDan Basta, Marine Sanctuaries Program, NOAADo Van Khuong, Research Institute of Marine FisheriesJames Hardcastle, The Nature ConservancyMarea Hatziolos, World BankNicole Glineur, Global Environment Facility36WORKING GROUP ON LINKING THEMANAGEMENT OF FRESHWATER, OCEANS,AND COASTSWORKING GROUP LEADERS:Torkil Jønch-Clausen, DHI Water, Denmark, and GlobalWater PartnershipClement Lewsey, NOAA/National OceanService/International Program OfficeAntonio Diaz de Leon/Porfirio Alvarez, Ministry ofEnvironment and Natural Resources, SEMARNAT, MexicoAlfred Duda, Global Environment FacilityAndrew Hudson, United Nations Development ProgrammeFelix Dodds, Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable FutureTom Laughlin, Office of International Affairs, NOAA

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and IslandsWORKING GROUP MEMBERS:Margarita Astralaga, IUCN-SpainIsaac Azuz-Adeath, Cetys University, MexicoJulian Barbiere, Intergovernmental OceanographicCommission of UNESCOStefano Belfiore, Intergovernmental OceanographicCommission of UNESCORichard Delaney, Center for Coastal Studies, Provincetown,Massachusetts, USANiels Ipsen, UNEP Collaborating Centre on Water and theEnvironment, DenmarkMagnus Johannesson, Secretary-General, Ministry for theEnvironment, IcelandElizabeth McLanahan/Jennifer Winston, Office ofInternational Affairs, NOAAGonzalo Cid and Jonathan Justi, NOAA/National OceanService/International Program OfficeVincent Sweeney, Caribbean Environmental Health InstituteIvan Zavadsky, Global Environment Facility Danube-BlackSea Regional ProgrammeKathryn Mengerink/Jessica Troell, Environmental LawInstitutePatricia Muñoz, National Polytechnic Institute, MexicoNguyen Ngoc Huan, National Program on ComprehensiveMarine Environment and Resource Survey, VietnamSteven Olsen, Coastal Resources Center, University of RhodeIslandEvelia Rivera-Arriaga, Centro Epomex- UniversidadAutónoma de Campeche, MexicoKen Sherman, NOAA-NMFSWORKING GROUP ON GOVERNANCE OFMARINE AREAS BEYOND NATIONALJURISDICTIONWORKING GROUP LEADERS:Salvatore Arico, Programme Specialist for Biodiversity,Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences, UNESCOSivu Maqungo, Minister-Counsellor, Permanent Mission ofSouth Africa to the United NationsWORKING GROUP MEMBERS:Frida Armas-Pfirter, Austral University, ArgentinaMiriam Balgos, Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and IslandsAwni Behnam, International Ocean InstituteThia-Eng Chua, Partnerships in Environmental Managementin the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA)Biliana Cicin-Sain, Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, andIslandsBruno Corréard, Independent Consultant and ResponsibleFishing AllianceJohn Dolan, Ocean Policy Research Foundation, JapanDavid Freestone, World BankAnne Frenette, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, CanadaSerge Garcia, formerly with Food and AgricultureOrganization (FAO)Valentina Germani, UN Division for Ocean Affairs and theLaw of the Sea (UNDOALOS)Matthew Gianni, Deep Sea Conservation CoalitionKristina Gjerde, The World Conservation Union (IUCN)Lyle Glowka, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)Vladimir Golitsyn, Professor of International Law MoscowState University of International Relations (MGIMO-University)Barbara Hanchard, Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries AgencyArlo Hemphill, Great WildernessPaul Holthus, formerly with Marine Aquarium CouncilElie Jarmache, Prime Minister's Office, FranceSam Johnston, Institute of Advanced Studies, United NationsUniversity (UNU-IAS)Kim Juniper, University of Victoria Lee Kimball, formerlywith The World Conservation Union (IUCN)Gunnar Kullenberg, Independent Consultant, formerExecutive Director, International Ocean InstituteJihyun Lee, CBD SecretariatRebecca Lent, NOAA Fisheries International OfficeEric Mathur, Synthetic Genomics, Inc.Jennifer Mooney, Department of Fisheries and Oceans,CanadaAkari Nakajima, Ocean Policy Research Foundation, JapanDaniel Owen, Fenners Chambers, United KingdomRosemary Rayfuse, University of New South WalesJohn Richardson, European CommissionLori Ridgeway, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada37

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Report of Activities 2005-2008Julien Rochette, High Seas Governance, IDDRIKaren Sack, Greenpeace InternationalCharlotte Salpin, UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Lawof the Sea (UNDOALOS)Renée Sauvé, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, CanadaTullio Scovazzi, University of Milano-BicoccaNorma Taylor Roberts, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, JamaicaHiroshi Terashima, Ocean Policy Research Foundation, JapanChris Tompkins, Department for Environment, Food, andRural Affairs, UKPhilippe Vallette, NAUSICAA, FranceMonica Verbeek, Seas at RiskMarjo Vierros, United Nations University – Institute forAdvanced StudiesWORKING GROUP ON COMPLIANCE ANDENFORCEMENTWORKING GROUP LEADERS:Carl Bruch, Environmental Law Institute (ELI)Paul Nemitz, Maritime Policy Task Force, EuropeanCommissionFuensanta Candela-Castillo, Maritime Policy Task Force,European CommissionBiliana Cicin-Sain, Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, andIslandsWORKING GROUP MEMBERSDaniela Chitu, Maritime Policy Task Force, EuropeanCommissionKathryn Mengerink, Environmental Law Institute (ELI)38WORKING GROUP ON CAPACITYDEVELOPMENTWORKING GROUP LEADER:Indumathie Hewawasam, Independent Consultant,formerly The World BankWORKING GROUP MEMBERS:Fazal Ibrahim Ali, Universities Consortium Coordinator,University of the West IndiesMargarita Astralaga, IUCN-SpainRobert Bechtloff, UNEP/GPAAwni Behnam, International Ocean InstituteCharles A. Buchanan, Administrator Luso-AmericanDevelopment Foundation, PortugalChua Thia-Eng, PEMSEAMargaret Davidson, U.S. National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration Coastal Services CenterEhrlich Desa, Capacity Building Section, UNESCOAmbassador Luís Fonseca, Comunidade dos Países de LinguaPortuguesa (CPLP)Anamarija Frankic, University of Massachusetts BostonJulius Francis, Western Indian Ocean Marine ScienceAssociation, TanzaniaGuillermo Garcia Montero, Acuario Nacional, ComitéOceanografico Nacional, CubaAmpai Harakunarak, Thailand Environment InstituteAlice Hicuburundi, UN DOALOSGunnar Kullenberg, Independent Consultant and formerDirector, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission(IOC)Mai Trong Nhuan, Ha Noi National University, VietnamRobin Mahon, Caribbean LME ProgrammeJan Mees, Flanders Marine Institute, BelgiumAli Mohamed, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of State forSpecial Programmes, KenyaMagnus Ngoile, Marine and Costal EnvironmentManagement Project, Tanzania

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and IslandsMichael O’Toole, Benguela Current LMEMarina N’Deye, PortugalIsabel Noronha, PortugalVictoria Radchenko, International Ocean Institute, UkraineEvelia Rivera-Arriaga, Centro de Ecologia, Pesquerias yOceanographia del Golfo de Mexico, (EPOMEX), MexicoMario Ruivo, Portuguese Committee for IntergovernmentalOceanographic Commission (IOC)Dann Sklarew, GEF IW:LEARNCesar Toro, IOCARIBEGrant Trebble, African Marine and Coastal Resource OverexploitationPrevention Strategy (AMCROPS), South AfricaLaVerne Walker, Coastal Zone Unit, St. LuciaDixon Waruinge, UNEP Regional SeasKhulood Tubaishat, Regional Organization for theConservation of the Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf ofAden (PERSGA)Nedal M. Al Ouran, Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan, andAdvisor to PERSGAAdemilson Zamboni, Integrated Coastal Zone ManagementProgram, BrazilIgnatius KV Kauvee, University of NamibiaWORKING GROUP MEMBERS:John Nightingale, Vancouver AquariumLeonard Neyman, SwedenSylvia Earle, D O E R MarineMatt Gianni, Deep Sea Conservation CoalitionErnesto Julio Godelman, Center for Development andSustainable Fisheries, ArgentinaVu Van Trieu and Bui Thi Thu Hien, IUCN VietnamCamille Mageau, Department of Fisheries and Oceans,CanadaFranklin McDonald, UNEP CaribbeanMagnus Ngoile, Marine and Costal EnvironmentManagement Project, TanzaniaPham Van Ninh, Vietnam Academy of Science andTechnology, VietnamChris Tompkins, Independent Consultant, UK,formerly DEFRAKatherine Warner, Country Group Head, Cambodia,Lao PDR, and Viet Nam, IUCNSue Williams, UNESCO Public AffairsWORKING GROUP ON PUBLICEDUCATION/OUTREACH/MEDIAWORKING GROUP LEADERS:Philippe Vallette and Manuel Cira, World Ocean Network,NAUSICAA, FranceRam Boojh, UNESCO, IndiaPeter Neill, World Ocean ObservatoryDavid Helvarg, President, Blue Frontier Campaign (author,50 Ways to Save the Ocean)Felix Dodds, Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable Future, UKJanot-Reine Mendler de Suarez, Global EnvironmentFacility/IW-LEARNLauren Salm, PERSGA, and Working Group YouthRepresentative39

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Report of Activities 2005-2008Ministerial, Donors, and IndustryRoundtablesThe engagement of high-level policy officials, industry,and donors will be essential in developing the planningstrategy to advance the global oceans agenda by 2016.To prepare for this process of engaging these importantactors, the Global Forum has organized three Roundtablesto encourage the engagement of high-level officials, fundingagencies, and the private sector in addressing globaloceans, coastal, and SIDS issues.Ministerial Roundtables3rd Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and IslandsJanuary 23-28, 2006, UNESCO, Paris, FranceTwo High-Level Informal Ministerial Roundtable sessionsat the Global Conference brought together 19 high-levelgovernment representatives to share their perspectives onthe global oceans agenda in separate informal sessions.The Informal Roundtables aimed to foster the development,in the long-run, of a High-Level GovernmentLeaders Oceans Roundtable, that could meet periodicallyto further the development of strategic and cross-cuttingapproaches to enhancing oceans governance at global,regional, and national levels. Participating ministers andhigh-level government officials agreed that there is generalconsensus on the global agenda for the sustainabledevelopment of ocean and coastal areas and small islanddeveloping States. They underlined the importance andneed for a strong global leadership to ensure the coordinationand successful implementation of the agenda's programsand actions.The ministers strongly supported the informal scope of theMinisterial Roundtables as a rare and exceptional opportunityfor ministers and high-level government officials fromdeveloped as well as developing states to actually discussand interact with each other on major oceans issues withoutthe pressure of making official declarations or statements.4th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts,and IslandsApril 7-11, 2008, Hanoi, VietnamThe Informal Roundtable Discussion at the 4th GlobalConference provided an opportunity for high-level representativesto discuss oceans, climate, and biodiversityissues, including a Post-Bali update. Twenty-nine participantsattended the discussion and emphasized the importanceof bringing climate change into the oceans agenda,and vice versa, as well as discussed funding opportunitiesfor climate change adaptation and mitigation. The discussionhighlighted the importance of developing a moreintegrated approach in addressing ocean and climatechange issues.Ocean Donors Roundtable1) TOPS 2005 The Ocean Policy SummitOctober 10-14, 2005, Lisbon, Portugal2) Third Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts,and IslandsJanuary 23-28, 2006, UNESCO, Paris, FranceThe Global Forum organized the Ocean DonorsRoundtable to bring together public and private donors onoceans to: 1) share information on existing funding programson oceans, 2) consider global needs for funding forocean conservation and management efforts, 3) discussalternatives for filling gaps in global oceans funding, 4)possibly devise approaches for public-private funding forglobal ocean priorities.The first meeting of the Ocean Donors Roundtable washeld on October 10, 2005 in Lisbon, Portugal, as a parallelevent of TOPS 2005 The Ocean Policy Summit. The meetinginvolved a dialogue between 17 public and privatedonors. The group highlighted that country requirementshave to be articulated through specific requests to donorsand that resources need to be available for implementation.The group also identified some emerging conclusions onthis issue, including that oceans are a priority and that thismessage needs to be communicated to policy makers andfunding agencies. Roundtable participants noted that astrategy is needed to engage the media, public, and thinktanks, and underscored the need to link funding with otherinitiatives addressing poverty, economic growth, and businesspromotion. In the ensuing discussion, participantsdiscussed the need for: developing countries to seek donors’assistance and place oceans on their development agenda;private partnerships to become the foundation for fundinglarge-scale projects; project proposals that meet local andgovernment priorities; clarity on how to prioritize oceansrelatedfunding; and an examination of the criteria appliedin helping protect marine resources, especially in SIDS.The Oceans Donors Roundtable held a meeting on January23, 2006, UNESCO, Paris. Among a number of topics discussedto address the scaling up of funding for oceanissues, the Group discussed a possible on-going role forsuch a group and its possible comparative advantage as theonly meeting of donors, from both the public and privatesector, directed at oceans, coasts and SIDS. It was recognizedthat although donor agencies may have innovativeapproaches to financing, they are not agenda setters, butresponsive to the global agenda which has been set and towhich governments are committed (e.g., Millennium40

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and IslandsDevelopment Goals, WSSD Plan of Implementation), andthat donors should bear this agenda in mind.At the 2008 4th Global Oceans Conference in Hanoi, areview of the results of the Working Groups showed thatmany emphasized the need for long-term capacity developmentas the basis for forward movement in the topic area.The Capacity Development Policy Brief recommended theholding of a Donors Conference on Capacity Developmentto develop a public/private strategy on long-term capacitydevelopment in ocean and coastal management.In the next phase, the Global Forum will work to organizethe Donors Conference on Capacity Development todevelop future joint strategies, especially around the issueof ocean leadership awareness and vision among highleveldecision-makers.Business and Industry Leaders Roundtable1) TOPS 2005 The Ocean Policy SummitOctober 10-14, 2005, Lisbon, Portugal2) Third Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts,and IslandsJanuary 23-28, 2006, UNESCO, Paris, FranceThe Global Forum organized the Business and IndustryLeaders Roundtable to bring together key leaders fromocean industries around the world. The Roundtable isexpected to address: 1) the contribution of each majorocean industry to the global economy, 2) the trends andchallenges each major ocean industry will be facing in thenext decade, 3) in particular, the environmental and socialchallenges each ocean industry will be facing, 4) approachesto addressing the emerging environmental and socialchallenges ocean industries will be facing, and 5) the possibleinvolvement of industry interests in the implementationof the global oceans agenda and in the work of theGlobal Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands.At the first meeting of the Business and Industry LeadersRoundtable held at TOPS 2005 The Ocean Policy Summiton October 12, 2005 in Lisbon, Portugal, representativesfrom the range of ocean and coastal business and industriespresent shared their perspectives on the existingand potential contribution of the private sector to the sustainabledevelopment of oceans and coasts. The primarypurpose of the Roundtable is to support the sustainabledevelopment of the oceans through the role of the privatesector. Business and industry representatives at theRoundtable were clear that they were concerned abouttheir responsibility to shareholders, to customers, to stakeholders,and their responsibility as employers and andresources. The participants agreed that the Roundtable wasa useful means for bringing together the private sector andglobal ocean stakeholders to build relationshipsand understanding. Through the Roundtable, participantshoped to generate dialogue on issues such as globalizationand technology changes, science and best practices, andlinking policy and practice.In addition to building relationships among sectorsand between the private sector and oceans stakeholders,participants suggested a potential framework for movingforward. Participants thought it might be helpful to focuson a particular theme in each future meeting (e.g. certification,NGO partnerships) so as to direct the dialogue andoutcomes to targeted areas identified by participants.Participants felt the Roundtable would be a useful meansfor documenting and sharing best practices in sustainabledevelopment of the oceans. The Roundtable could also bea vehicle for engaging business and industry on oceanissues by going to business and industry meetings to ‘market’the issues identified by the group.The Roundtable organized a panel on Ocean Industriesduring the 2006 Global Conference, which focused on theimportance of industry responsibility of sustainable practices.In addition, the necessity of building cross-sectoralpartnerships among business and ocean leaders is ofutmost importance. The panel highlighted several industrieswhich have implemented sustainable practices andwhich focus on the protection of biodiversity in theoceans. Industries are working on protecting the oceansfrom pollution and improving industry standards as wellas working with environmental organizations to achievesustainability goals. Higher quality standards for a varietyof products and environmental standards among corporationsis a consensus of many industries. The panel calledfor multiple stakeholder interaction where protection ofthe oceans is concerned including further industry education.The value of ocean industries is high and furthersustainability measures are recommended.The Business and Industry Leaders Roundtable held ameeting on January 24, 2006 at UNESCO in Paris in conjunctionwith the 2006 Global Conference.The Roundtable Meeting, following the panel sessionhighlighted sustainable development practices of variousindustries, and emphasized the value of ocean industriesglobally, regionally, nationally, and discussed the desirabilityof producing a report on the contribution of oceanindustries to the global economy.In 2007, the Global Forum focused on encouraging theparticipation of industry leaders in various sectors in specificWorking Groups charged with examining particular41

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Report of Activities 2005-2008WSSD goals or emerging issues, as part of the process ofdeveloping a strategic plan for advancing the global oceansagenda to 2016.The next step, once the strategic oceans planning effort hasbeen further elaborated and refined, will be to consult withbusiness and industry stakeholders on their perspectives onthe issues raised by the strategic planning efforts and toreflect the opportunities and constraints that the industrieswill be facing in the next decade. This will involve asystematic effort to canvass and assess the perspectives ofbusiness and industry leaders and to involve them in thedialogue on advancing the global oceans agenda.42

3. Steering Committee, Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and IslandsSTEERING COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP LISTCO-CHAIRSBiliana Cicin-Sain,** Director, Gerard J.Mangone Center for Marine Policy,University of Delaware (also Head ofSecretariat, Global Forum)Patricio A. Bernal,** Executive-Secretary, IntergovernmentalOceanographic Commission, UNESCO,Paris, FranceVeerle Vandeweerd,** Director,Environment and Energy Group, UnitedNations Development Programme(UNDP)GOVERNMENTALThabit Zahran Al Abdessalaam, DirectorMarine Biodiversity Management Sector,Environment Agency, Abu Dhabi, UnitedArab EmiratesDavid Balton, Deputy Assistant Secretaryfor Oceans and Fisheries, Bureau ofOceans, U.S. Department of StatePhil Burgess, Director, Cetacean Policyand Recovery, Department of theEnvironment and Water Resources,AustraliaNguyen Chu Hoi, Deputy Administrator,Vietnam Administration for Seas andIslands, VietnamTorkil J. Clausen, Managing Director,DHI Water Policy, Denmark and SeniorAdviser, Global Water PartnershipAldo Cosentino, Director-General,Directorate for Nature Protection,Ministry of Environment, Land, and SeaProtection, ItalyMargaret Davidson, Director, CoastalServices Center, National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration (NOAA),USAAntonio Diaz de Leon, Director- General,Environmental, Regional Integration andSectoral Policy, Environment and NaturalResources Ministry (SEMARNAT),MexicoGi-Jun Han, Ministry of Land, Transport,and Maritime Affairs, Republic of KoreaElie Jarmache, Chargé de Mission,Secrétariat Général de la Mer, FranceMagnus Johannesson, Secretary-General,Ministry for the Environment, IcelandAmbassador Jagdish Koonjul, Ministryof Foreign Affairs, Mauritius, and formerChair, Alliance of Small Island States(AOSIS)Christophe Lefebvre, AffairesEuropeennes et Internationales, Agencedes Aires Marines Protegees, FranceHaiqing Li, Deputy Director-General,State Oceanic Administration (SOA),ChinaRejoice Mabudafhasi, Deputy Minister ofEnvironmental Affairs and Tourism,South AfricaJan Mees, Director, Flanders MarineInstitute, BelgiumAli Mohamed, Permanent Secretary,Ministry of State for Special Programmes,KenyaGuillermo Garcia Montero, President,National Aquarium, Havana, CubaRudolph Noronha, Director, Ministry ofEnvironment, BrazilRolph Payet,** Special Advisor to thePresident, SeychellesLori Ridgeway, Director-General,International Coordination and PolicyAnalysis, Department of Fisheries andOceans, Canada and Camille Mageau,Director, Marine EcosystemsConservation Branch, Department ofFisheries and Oceans, CanadaMario Ruivo, IntersectoralOceanographic Commission, Ministry ofScience, Technology, and HigherEducation, PortugalIndroyono Soesilo, Gellwynn Jusuf, andGabriel Wagey, Agency for Marine andFisheries Research, Department of MarineAffairs and Fisheries, IndonesiaAmbassador Enele S. Sopoaga, Tuvalu,Former Vice-Chair, Alliance of SmallIsland States (AOSIS)INTERGOVERNMENTAL ANDINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONSSalvatore Arico, Programme Specialist,Ecological Sciences, UNESCOJulian Barbiere, Programme Specialist,Intergovernmental OceanographicCommission, FranceChua Thia-Eng,** Partnership inEnvironmental Management for the Seasof East Asia (PEMSEA), IMO/UNDP/GEF,PhilippinesJacqueline Alder, Director of the Marineand Coastal Branch, David Osborn,Coordinator, GPA Coordination Unit, andAnjan Datta, Programme Officer, GPACoordination Unit, Division ofEnvironmental Policy Implementation,UNEP, NairobiAhmed Djoghlaf, Executive Secretary,Convention on Biological DiversitySecretariatAl Duda, Senior Advisor, InternationalWaters, Global Environment Facility(GEF)Angus Friday, former Chair, Alliance ofSmall Island States (AOSIS), formerPermanent Representative of Grenada tothe United NationsVladimir Golitsyn, Judge, InternationalTribunal on Law of the Sea, and Professorof International Law, Moscow StateUniversity of International RelationsMarea E. Hatziolos, Senior Coastal andMarine Specialist, EnvironmentDepartment, The World BankAndrew Hudson, Principal TechnicalAdvisor, International Waters,UNDP/GEFDavid Johnson, Executive Secretary,OSPAR Commission, LondonVladimir Mamaev, GEF RegionalTechnical Advisor, UNDP, Europe and theCIS, Slovak RepublicJanot-Reine Mendler de Suarez, formerDeputy Director, GEF IW:LEARNVaclav Mikulka, Director, UN Divisionfor Ocean Affairs and the Law of the SeaPaul Nemitz, Head of Unit, MaritimePolicy Development and Coordination,DG Maritime Affairs and Fisheries andConstantin Alexandrou, Head of Unit forInternational Affairs, Law of the Sea andRegional Fisheries Organizations,European CommissionMagnus Ngoile,** Policy andGovernance Coordinator, UNDP/GEF,Agulhas and Somali Current LME Project,Tanzania and South AfricaTiago Pitta e Cunha, Member, Cabinet ofFisheries and Maritime Commissioner,European CommissionJean-Francois Pulvenis de Seligny,Director, Fisheries and AquacultureEconomics and Policy Division (FIE),Fisheries and Aquaculture Department,Food and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations (FAO)Cristelle Pratt, Director, South PacificApplied Geoscience Commission(SOPAC), FijiDiane Quarless, Chief, Small IslandDeveloping States Unit, UNDESAJohn Richardson, former Head, MaritimePolicy Task Force, European CommissionAsterio Takesy, Director, Secretariat forthe Pacific Regional EnvironmentProgrammeMarjo Vierros, Visiting Professor,Institute of Advanced Studies, UnitedNations University, VancouverNONGOVERNMENTAL (INCLUDINGINDUSTRY, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS,AND FOUNDATIONS)Jens Ambsdorf, Chief Executive Officer,Lighthouse FoundationMilton Asmus, InternationalRepresentative, Brazilian Agency forCoastal ManagementAwni Behnam, President, InternationalOcean Institute, Malta and UNCommissioner General for the ShanghaiWorld Expo 2010Charles A. Buchanan, Administrator,Luso-American Development Foundation,PortugalSimon Cripps, Chief Executive, DorsetWildlife Trust, UKRichard Delaney,** ExecutiveDirector,Center for Coastal Studies,Provincetown, Massachusetts, USAAnnick de Marffy, former Director ofDivision for Ocean Affairs and the Law ofthe Sea (UNDOALOS), United NationsInternational ConsultantSylvia Earle, Chair, Deep OceanExploration and Research (DOER), andExplorer-in-Residence, NationalGeographic SocietyCharles Ehler, Consultant to UNESCOJulius Francis, Executive Secretary,Western Indian Ocean Marine ScienceAssociation, TanzaniaDavid Freestone,** Senior Adviser, IUCNand Visiting Professor, GeorgeWashington University Law SchoolSerge Garcia, Independent Consultant,and Former Director, Marine FisheriesResources Division, Food and AgricultureOrganization (FAO)Matthew Gianni, Political Advisor, DeepSea Conservation Coalition, NetherlandsLynne Hale, Director, Global MarineStrategy, The Nature ConservancyIndumathie Hewawasam,**The NatureConservancy and Senior Policy Advisorfor Public Funding, Coral TriangleInitiativeGunnar Kullenberg, IndependentConsultant and former ExecutiveSecretary, IntergovernmentalOceanographic Commission (IOC)Gerhard Kuska, Principal, Good HarborConsulting and Senior Adviser to theCrown Prince of Abu Dhabi for MaritimeSecurityDan Laffoley, Vice Chair, WorldCommission on Protected Areas-Marine,IUCNThomas Laughlin, Deputy Head, GlobalMarine Programme, IUCNDawn Martin, President, Sea Web, USAGerald Miles, Senior Advisor, The NatureConservancy, Pacific Region, Brisbane,AustraliaIouri Oliounine, formerly ExecutiveDirector, International Ocean Institute,Malta, and Coordinator for the 50thAnniversary of the IntergovernmentalOceanographic Commission, UNESCO,ParisPietro Parravano, President, Institute forFisheries Resources, World FisheriesForumSian Pullen Prior, IndependentConsultant, New Zealand, and formerHead of European and Middle EastMarine Program, WWF International, UKDann Sklarew, Associate Professor andAssociate Director, PotomacEnvironmental Research and EducationCenter, Department of EnvironmentalScience and Policy, George MasonUniversity, USAVictoria Radchenko, Director,International Ocean Institute, UkraineTony Ribbink, Director, Sustainable SeasTrust, South AfricaEvelia Rivera-Arriaga, Centro deEcologia, Pesquerias y Oceanographia delGolfo de Mexico (EPOMEX), MexicoAlan Simcock, former Executive Director,OSPAR, and former Co-Chair, UN Open-Ended Informal Consultative Process onOcean Affairs and the Law of the SeaNancy Targett, Dean, University ofDelaware College of Marine and EarthStudiesKristian Teleki, International Coral ReefAction Network, SwitzerlandHiroshi Terashima, Executive Director,Institute for Ocean Policy, Ocean PolicyResearch Foundation, JapanChris Tompkins, IndependentConsultant and formerly DEFRA, UKPhilippe Vallette** and Manuel Cira,NAUSICAA, France, and the WorldOcean NetworkDavid VanderZwaag, IUCN SpecialistGroup on Ocean Law and GovernanceTrust, and Dalhousie University, NovaScotia, CanadaA.H. Zakri, Professor, University ofMalaysia* Please note: Members of the SteeringCommittee participate in their individualcapacities.** International Coastal and OceanOrganization Board Member43

Global Forum on Oceans,Coasts, and Islandsc/o Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy301 Robinson Hall, University of DelawareNewark, Delaware 19716 USATelephone: +1-302-831-8086Fax: +1-302-831-3668www.globaloceans.org