July / August 2004 - CSIR

4Royaltyand traditionalleaders fromsouthern Africa topromote indigenous foodsShowing the CSIR’s appreciation for the involvement in theproject is Morewane Mampuru of CSIR Technology forDevelopment. Pictured from left is Queen Lombekiso Sigcau,Her Royal Highness Queen La-Motsa of Swaziland and QueenMother Semane MolotlegiTraditional leaders, queens,queen mothers, delegated wives of chiefs,and government representatives from varioussouthern African nations gathered in theLimpopo Province in July for the launch ofan initiative exploring the role of traditionalleaders in the conservation and promotionof indigenous foods and resources.The new project, funded by the WK KelloggFoundation, will be implemented by the CSIRand follows a related project on the commercialisationof indigenous foods that has beenfinanced by the South African government’snational Department of Science andTechnology (DST) since 2000. Numerousprocessing centres have been establishedcountrywide and a range of products hasbeen developed to date as a result of thisproject.Bishop Malusi Mpumlwana, Southern AfricaRegional Director of the WK KelloggFoundation, says, "The CSIR has - throughinteraction with rural communities - been ableto adopt and adapt appropriate technologiesthat have contributed positively to the socioeconomicdevelopment of these communities.We believe this funding will contribute to foodsecurity and culturally sustainable socioeconomicgrowth and development throughthe combination of indigenous food andnatural resources with technology."Commending the traditional leaders aschampions and promoters of indigenousnutritious resources, the Bishop maintainedthat their role was "in line with the spirit ofAfrican renewal, and brought the NEPAD priorityof food security within reach, throughmaking indigenous knowledge systems comealive in the present-day economy."Areas that have already been identifiedfor further investigation and resourcing enroute to successful commercialisationinclude marula and mopani production aswell as essential oils production. Theseactivities will build on existing work inlocations where the WK Kellogg Foundationis funding development programmes andactivities. These include indigenous foodprojects in Mangaung in the Free StateProvince, Port St. Johns in the EasternCape Province, Limpopo Province andKwaZulu-Natal.Manager of the new project, MorewaneMampuru of the CSIR, says new productdevelopment and niche market exploitationwill be two key aspects in the creation ofupstream and downstream enterprises, withthe ultimate aim of improving rural livelihoods.The Limpopo gathering and launch of theproject was attended by, amongst others,Her Royal Highness Queen La-Motsa of theSwaziland Kingdom; Her Majesty Queen MotherSemane Molotlegi of the Royal Bafokeng Nation;and Her Majesty Queen Lombekiso Sigcau ofEastern Pondoland. Various ministers from thegovernments of Lesotho and Swaziland alsoattended.The delegation paid its respects to Limpopobasedqueen, Her Majesty Queen Modjadji ofthe Lobedu people, at Modjadji's Kloof, beforelearning about the processing of indigenousmelons for jam, chutney and salad dressing atthe Chivirikane project in Tzaneen. They alsoheld a workshop to discuss and map out theirroles in this project. The delegation then visitedmarula production sites before attending a galaevent themed "The Celebration of IndigenousFoods", with a parallel exhibition of indigenousfood products.The participation of these leaders in this projectguarantees ample discussion opportunityaround indigenous resources, the introductionof suitable technologies, and the role oftraditional leaders in this powerful combination.Enquiries:Morewane MampuruTel: +27 12 841 2356fax: +27 12 841 3726Email: MMampuru@csir.co.za

5Explaining the extraction of oil from the kernel ofthe marula, is Ms Girlie Njoni, (right) CEO of MarulaNatural Products, a project participantQueen Lombekiso Sigcau (left) of theEastern Cape at the project launchin Ba-Phalaborwa in the LimpopoProvince. She is flanked by QueenMother Semane Molotlegi (right) ofthe Royal Bafokeng NationImage courtesy of This Day,Nerissa KorbRecipe book on South Africanindigenous foods treasures thetraditions of generations of womenA brand new recipe bookon South African Indigenous Foods - the result of apoverty alleviation project - has been produced andis being sold commercially as a revenue-generatingproject for communities.The recipes have been collected as part of a projectaimed at commercialising and promoting SouthAfrican indigenous foods and has been funded bythe Department of Science and Technology (DST)and implemented by CSIR Food, Biological andChemical Technologies.Tshidi Moroka, Technology for DevelopmentProgramme Manager at the CSIR elaborates,“Five provinces were initially selected for projectimplementation: Limpopo, North West, Free State,KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape. Typically ourimplementation started with community interaction.We met with women in remote corners of SouthAfrica and observed how they traditionally preparefood; we looked at the raw products available in theregions and thereafter staged food fairs to furtherfacilitate interaction with communities.In addition to capturing this information,we evaluated the dishes for commercial potential.At this stage, food scientists joined the process toassist with new product development, studies onstabilisation, food processing and shelf-life.”While some dishes and beverages were the startingpoint for new products that are being commercialised,the recipe book contains the broader rangeof dishes prepared by generations of women. Someof the dishes featured are Morogo (an indigenousgreen leafy vegetable), Mealie Bread, Polokwe(fresh mealie balls), Semphemphe Pudding (wildmelon pudding), Mabele Porridge (sorghum porridge),Masonja (mopani worms and ground peanutdish), and Isigwampa (a vegetable and mealie dish).“The DST, the project funder, has ceded thecopyright of the book to IndiZAFoods, the Section21 company created to facilitate the commercialisationof the indigenous food products. This meansthat proceeds from the sale of the book will be reinvestedinto community initiatives,” saysMs Lerato Thahane, Group Executive, Technologyfor Development of the DST.In her message in the book, the Deputy Minister ofthe former Department of Arts, Culture, Science andTechnology, Ms Buyelwa Sonjica, says the recipebook illustrates the vastness of traditional knowledge,often untapped and quickly disappearing, that couldbe harnessed and used as a vehicle for rural developmentthat specifically empowers women, and in turnwhole communities, given the pivotal role they continueto play in our country.For queries about the book, South African IndigenousFoods – a collection of recipes of indigenous foods,prepared by generations of women, send an e-mailto: info@indizafoods.co.za

6F O O D T E C H N O L O G Y I N T H E S P O T L I G H TGeoff Meeseto be nationalcontact pointfor EU foodresearchThe Department of Science andTechnology (DST) recently namedSouth Africa’s National Contact Point(NCP) for the Food Quality and Safetytheme of the European Commission (EC)Sixth Framework Programme (FP6),one of the biggest research fundingmechanisms globally.He is Dr Geoff Meese, Strategic InitiativesManager at CSIR Food, Biological andChemical Technologies. Seven newappointees will cover the thematic areasof FP6.South Africa is one of the first countriesoutside the European area to appoint NCPs,which is a demonstration of the DST’scommitment to support closer cooperationbetween the South African and Europeanscience communities.“The NCPs will encourage South Africanresearchers and industry to participate incollaborative research projects, which arepartially funded by the FrameworkProgramme. In addition, we will be providingtechnical advice on proposal preparation,as the mechanisms involved are quitecomplex, while also assisting in findingEuropean partners. The NCPs will be able tohelp European organisations find SouthAfrican partners, provide feedback to theDST and assist in refining their cooperationwith the Framework Programmes,” saysMeese.“The food quality and safety priority aimsto ensure the health and well-being ofEuropean citizens through a better understandingof the influence of food intake andenvironmental factors on human health,and providing safer, high-quality and health-promoting food. However, the EU feelsstrongly about participation of non-EUcountries in its scientific programmes andthis clearly represents an opportunity forSouth African researchers.”Meese says there are many examples ofparticipation in the FrameworkProgrammes, which have led to the developmentof critical expertise bases in SouthSouth Africa’s National Contact Point for the Food Qualityand Safety theme of the EC’s FP6, Dr Geoff MeeseAfrican science and technology organisations,including the CSIR’s genetic transformationskills in cereals.“The growth opportunities for staff towork and interact with some of the bestscientists in Europe and Africa are invaluable,”he concludes.Enquiries:Dr Geoff MeeseCSIR Food, Biological and ChemicalTechnologies.Tel : +27 12 841 2628Fax: +27 12 841 3105Email: gmeese@csir.co.za

Food safety comes under the spotlight in a new European Commission-fundedresearch project in which 33 leading organisations worldwide are participating.South Africa has become the only participating African partner and oneof only two non-European countries, through the inclusion ofCSIR Food, Biological and Chemical Technologies in theresearch consortium. The research will attempt to improvecurrent risk analysis practices for food produced bydifferent breeding approaches and production practices.South Africanbiotechnologistsparticipate inmajor new EuropeanFood SafetyResearch ProjectMaize, the third most planted field crop in the world,will be one of the crops to be researchedby the CSIR, in collaboration with the UP and ARC7“Food safety incidents such as Mad CowDisease, the spreading of dioxins in animalfeed and animal-derived foods as wellas emerging pathogens have evokedbroad public concerns in Europe. In addition,public doubts about the safety ofgenetically modified (GM) food crops withrespect to human consumption andadverse effects on the environment resultedin a European moratorium on thelarge-scale cultivation of transgenic foodcrops. These factors have all contributedto the investment in a research project onfood safety,” says CSIR biotechnologyspecialist, Prof Jane Morris, and Directorof the African Centre for GeneTechnologies, a CSIR/University ofPretoria initiative.The four-year research project willattempt to answer questions such aswhether the different agricultural productionsystems – traditional high-input agriculture,low-input production as carriedout by small-scale farmers, and cultivationof genetically modified crops as food –carry different risks and whether the globalisationof trade may lead to new riskswith negative impact on human healthand the environment, for instance, thespread of new virulent pathogens orantibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. It willlook at new approaches to evaluate thecumulative effects of contaminants andnatural toxins through, for example,toxicity models; at ways of incorporatingpublic concerns into food safety issues; andwhat changes are needed at institutionalstructures in an improved risk analysisscenario.The comparative risk analysis of foods producedby conventional versus modernbiotechnology methods, using the latestmetabolic profiling methods, is a key part ofthe research and the area in which SouthAfrican scientists intend making a significantcontribution. The project also includes a significanttraining component to build thecapacity of South African scientists in thishigh-tech field.Molecular biologists, analytical scientistsand plant pathologists at the CSIR will bejoined by research peers at the AgriculturalResearch Council (ARC) and the Universityof Pretoria (UP) to research the twocommercially important crops that havebeen selected, namely potatoes (the fourthmost important world food crop) and maize(the third most planted field crop in theworld). They will investigate the plants’metabolic profiles, derived from the chemicalreactions that occur during synthesis andbreakdown, as well as the variations in theproteome (the total complement of proteins)produced. This will be done for plants showing“natural” variations, somaclonal variations(e.g. through tissue culture procedures)and genetically modified organisms; forplant materials produced under differentproduction systems; and for plants withfungal or bacterial contamination incomparison with uninfected plants.“From a South African perspective, we areparticularly interested in the results ofnutritional comparisons of crops farmed in ahigh-input agricultural production system asopposed to low-input small-holder farming,”says Dr Morris.She says in addition to the potential value ofthe research outcome to which South Africawill have access, the opportunity for SouthAfrican scientists to interact with the world’sbest researchers in this domain, is invaluable.This has been made possible by asignificant investment by the Department ofScience and Technology, first throughavailing seed funding for meetings andnetworking that led to the CSIR joining theconsortium and subsequently through afinancial commitment to the project.Internationally, the Safe Foods project iscoordinated by the RIKILT Institute of FoodSafety, part of Wageningen UniversityResearch in the Netherlands.Enquiries:Prof Jane MorrisTel: +27 12 420 5498Fax: +27 12 420 3890Email: jmorris@csir.co.za

8F O O D T E C H N O L O G Y I N T H E S P O T L I G H TNew ediblecoatingfor exportfruitsreachesevaluationphase

9Scientists at the CSIR andthe University of Pretoriaare in the final stages ofevaluating a new edible,biodegradable, plantbasedprotein to be usedas a coating to extendthe shelf-life of fruit andnuts.This work is part of aEuropean Commissionfundedproject aimedat improving southernAfrica’s fruit and nutexports and also utilisingby-products resulting fromsorghum processing.The fruit industry is ofvital importance to theSouth African economy,with almost half of itsfresh fruit productionbeing exported.Climacteric fruits such asbananas, avocados, apples andpears ripen after being harvested,as opposed to non-climactericfruits such as pineapples andgrapes, which must be mature atharvesting and have an acceptableeating quality, as they do notripen further after harvesting.When exporting climacteric fruitssome of the challenges are to preventripening by slowing downrespiration and preventing dehydration,says CSIR Food Scientist,Sonya Buchner. A specific pearvariety was selected as a researchcase study because it is prone tomoisture loss, which causes stemendshrivelling of the skin, andwould attribute to losses duringfruit export.“What we want is a coating thatwill act as gas barrier, slowingdown outward loss of carbondioxide and inward movement ofoxygen, while still allowing fornormal respiration. The coating’shydrophobicity will determineto what degree it will restrictmoisture loss while the proteinmolecular structure should not beinfluenced negatively during, forexample, temperature variations.The coating should also reducemicrobial spoilage.“The desired outcome would bean improvement in fruit shelf-lifeof 25% and a coating that is naturaland of food-grade, completelysafe for consumption,” saysBuchner.In addition to the benefits of sucha solution for the fruit industry,the benefits of an environmentfriendlypackaging solution froman indigenous crop, speaks foritself.The testing will comprise shelflifetesting under controlled laboratoryconditions, followed by anindustrial study, while sensoryacceptance will also be extensivelytested.Prof John Taylor of the Universityof Pretoria’s Department of FoodScience and an Associate to CSIRFood, Biological and ChemicalTechnologies, says the projectrequired expertise in sorghumproteins and polymer science, aswell as food science and technology.He says competencieswere linked to the deliverables.The Swedish Institute for Foodand Biotechnology concentratedon the food physics aspects,while Italy’s contribution was inthe extrusion of sorghum protein.The Institute of Food Research inthe UK investigated the molecularstructure and function of thesorghum while the CSIR focusedon large-scale protein extractionfrom sorghum. The University ofPretoria led with respect to thecasting of the “film” or coatingand sensory testing. Other partnersinclude the EduardoMondlane University inMozambique (focusing on thecoating of nuts) and theUniversity of Mauritius (focusingon tropical fruits).*An information disseminationworkshop will be held in SouthAfrica in November this year, toinform various stakeholders of thefindings of the research. Indicateyour early interest by sending ane-mail with your full details tosbuchner@csir.co.zaEnquiries:Sonya BuchnerCSIR Food, Biological andChemical TechnologiesTel: +27 12 841 3662Fax: +27 12 841 2386Email: sbuchner@csir.co.za

10F O O D T E C H N O L O G Y I N T H E S P O T L I G H TBiotechnologyused in effortsto put food wasteto better useIN BRIEFCSIR completes Breedingstudy onnew wheatspecialityvarietiesmaize productsThe CSIR has completed a study forSouth Africa’s Maize Trust aimed atdeveloping maize speciality foods forSMMEs, based on indigenous foodconcepts. Cristina Pinto, CSIR ProjectManager, says development of theproducts constituted the first phase ofthe project, followed by sensory evaluationsand comprehensive markettesting.She says food technologists modifiedand reformulated recipes whichresulted in a range of products. Theseinclude biscuits, chocolate bars, andnumerous variants of traditional maizebread, using morogo, sun-dried tomatoesand herbs. Other speciality productsdeveloped included a glutenfreemaize bread premix, a maizesalsa, and a non-dairy fermentedmaize dip.Enquiries:Cristina PintoCSIR Food, Biological andChemical TechnologiesTel: +27 12 841 3614Email: cpinto@csir.co.zaThe Winter Cereal Grain Trust has commissionedthe CSIR to develop microspore andanther cultures for the production of haploidwheat varieties. The project is intendedto add value to small-scale farmers andemerging markets through the incorporationof new varieties into current breedingprogrammes.Food Industry Expoand Talk-shopto be heldin SeptemberA Food Industry Expo and Talk-shop isbeing hosted by the South AfricanAssociation for Food Science andTechnology (SAAFoST) at the CSIRConference Centre on 14 and 15 Septemberthis year. This annual event will also featurea half-day focus by CSIR Food Science andTechnology on research projects relating tofood.Should you be interested inparticipating, send an e-mailwith your details to jbarnett@csir.co.zaResearchers have completed the first phaseof a two-year project funded by theGauteng-based Regional Innovation Centre,Biotechnology Partnership and Development(BioPAD), that investigates the utilisation offood processing wastes as an alternativeingredient in animal feed, with specificemphasis on fruit and vegetable wastes.Food security is central to the project, asfood products such as red meat, milk, poultryand eggs are essential protein for SouthAfrican consumers, but extremely reliant onthe fluctuating price of maize. In addition,waste beneficiation is increasingly playing arole in food security endeavours.“Many food wastes contain significantamounts of unused energy, usually in theform of carbohydrates. These carbohydratesare currently lost and have the potential tocreate environmental hazards. If thesesources of energy can be identified andprocessed, using a selection and combinationof new and existing techniques, it willbe possible to produce low-cost ingredientsfor the supplementation of animal feed,”says CSIR Project Manager, Sonia Rech.Researchers at CSIR Food, Biological andChemical Technologies have joined forceswith a private sector producer in an effort toinnovatively utilise and reformulate anunder-utilised energy source as a nutritionalalternative for the main constituent in animalfeed.Enquiries:Sonia RechCSIR Food, Biological and ChemicalTechnologiesTel: +27 12 841 2380Fax: +27 12 841 2386Email: srech@csir.co.za

11The largest environmental programme inAfrica continues to tackle alien invasivesLeft: Invasive Australian wattles have beenbrought under control through the introduction ofgall-forming wasps which prevent the productionof seedsWith an annual budget of R400 million, theWorking for Water programme is arguablythe largest single environmental programmeon the African continent. By theend of the 2001/2 financial year, the programmehad invested R1,59 billion in clearingprogrammes during its first seven yearsof existence. It has received widespreadinternational acclaim and many awards.Launched in 1995 in an effort to tackle theproblem of invading alien plants and unemployment,the Working for Water programmeis a multi-departmental initiativeled by the Departments of Water Affairsand Forestry (DWAF), Environmental Affairsand Tourism and Agriculture. The programmeaims to enhance water security,improve ecological integrity, restore theproductive potential of land, promote sustainableuse of natural resources and investin the most marginalised sectors of SouthAfrican society.“The CSIR’s role was initially to provide thelogistical support and capacity to start theprogramme and manage it through its firstyear of existence,” says Dr Brian vanWilgen of CSIR Water, Environment andForestry Technology. “Subsequently, theorganisation provided support in transferringthe management of the programme toDWAF, and assisting in transformation. Italso set up and ran a research programmeto support Working for Water, conductingfocused research into mainly hydrologyand resource economics.”The name of the programme captures itsfocus on job creation in support of animportant ecosystem service (the protectionof water supplies threatened by invasivealien plants). The invasion of ecosystemsby alien species that are knowinglyor accidentally introduced to new areas isa problem of global significance. Theseinvasions can alter the composition, structureand functioning of ecosystems andaffect their capacity to deliver a range ofbenefits to humankind.The prime argument for the establishmentof the Working for Water programme wasthe prediction that these invasions wouldhave severe impacts on surface waterresources. Initial funding from DWAF,aimed at the prevention of these putativeconsequences, has been combined withfurther generous funding from thegovernment’s allocation to poverty relief.This intervention has created thousandsof employment opportunities, andenhanced the lives of poor people inimpoverished rural areas.There has been a strong focus on gettingmost of the funds to poor people; however,the programme has more recentlyinvested funds (amounting to R42 millionover the past three years, or roughly 2,5%of the current annual programme budget)into much-needed research aimed at supportingdevelopment and implementation.There is no doubt that the Working forWater programme has, through itsfunding of relevant research, createdstimulus for continued achievements inthis field by South African scientists.Middle: Working for Water employee clearinginvasive rooikrans (Acacia cyclops) in the WestCoast National ParkRight: Specially-trained Working for Water teamsclearing invasive pines from the steep slopes of amountain catchment areaSays van Wilgen, “The programme’sactivities provide extraordinary opportunitiesfor innovative experimentation andresearch. The range of ecosystems inwhich clearing operations are located andthe scale of operations, combine to offeropportunities that are rarely foundanywhere else. We have not yet fullycapitalised on these prospects, and thisremains largely unexploited opportunitiesfor scientists.”In a recent special issue of the SA Journalof Science (March 2004), edited by vanWilgen, 17 CSIR researchers contributedas authors or co-authors of 11 of the 19papers in the issue. “This is indicative ofthe level of support the CSIR has providedthe programme,” comments van Wilgen.”Enquiries: Dr Brian W van WilgenCSIR Water, Environmentand Forestry TechnologyTel: +27 21 888 2479Fax: +27 21 888 2693Email: bvwilgen@csir.co.za

12A research consortium,including the CSIR, theUniversity of Natal, theInstitute for CommercialForestry Research, theModelling and MensurationResearch Consortium,consultant programmers andforestry modellers, isdeveloping an innovativeSouth African-specificprocess-based model (PBM)to predict growth and wateruse in forest plantations.Predicting growth and water usein South African forest plantationsBased in Pietermaritzburg, the consortiumsecured three years of funding from theInnovation Fund to set up a particularPBM, namely 3-PG (PhysiologicalPrinciples in Predicting Growth), topredict forest growth and water usewith useful accuracy. This model hasbeen successfully tested in manykinds of forests internationally.According to the CSIR’s Mark Gush, amajor advantage to PBMs is that theycan take into account varying weatherconditions that may restrict rates ofgrowth and water use. The potentiallydevastating effects of drought on theentire forestry industry are well known inSouth Africa. Growth may be slowed orcompletely halted until further rainfallpermits the trees to recover. Year-on-yearvariation in temperature, air humidity andsunlight may also influence rates ofgrowth and water use. Since growth ratescannot be accurately predicted over a fullrotation, a mid-rotation and pre-harvestinventory is typically undertaken to reviseestimates of final yield. PBMs mayremove the need for such costly inventories,either simulating the entire growthcycle, or the period between the midrotationinventory and final harvest.Of special significance to the SouthAfrican forestry industry is the amount ofwater used by forest plantations. PBMscan take account of many site, standand weather factors influencing evapotranspirationrates from forests, andare expected to greatly improve ourpredictions of forest water use.“This project is significant in providingthe first opportunity for these organisationsand scientists to pool their collectiveknowledge and work as a single teamfor the benefit of the South Africanforestry industry,” says Gush. “It is themost ambitious application of a forestryPBM anywhere in the world, reflectingthe need to take into account the greatdiversity of climate, soil and tree speciesin our forestry regions.”The project aims at producing a CD-basedcomputer simulation tool that allows theuser to run 3-PG for any given location.By simply clicking on maps, it will bepossible for the user to access temperature,rainfall and other required inputdata that are applicable to the selectedsites. By further stipulating the treespecies, site conditions and managementactivities, a month-by-month computersimulation of a stand of trees will begenerated. It is anticipated that such simulationswill permit:■ improved predictions of final yield■ better understanding of what is limiting thegrowth rates of trees■ scenario comparisons of different speciesmanagement options■ improved assessment of risks to forestplantations, and■ improved prediction of plantation water use.Good progress is being made in designing auser-friendly interface that will guide the user inrunning the model for any given local conditions.Model testing against a wide range of availablegrowth data for Eucalyptus grandis, Pinus patulaand P. elliottii is also currently taking place.In addition, the project team plans to develop aversion of 3-PG that links up to geographic informationsystems in use by forestry companies.Enquiries: Peter DyeTel: +27 33 260 5782Fax: +27 33 260 5266Email: pdye@csir.co.zaMark GushTel: +27 33 260 5783Fax: +27 33 260 5266Email: mgush@csir.co.zaCSIR Water, Environment & ForestryTechnology

13Inaugurating the MODIS antenna at SAC areAlex Fortescue (SAC), Dr S Mkhize (AssistantDirector General: Department of Agriculture),Dr G Mayende (Director General:Department of Land Affairs),Deputy Minister Advocate Dirk du Toit,SAC Centre Manager Mothibi Ramusi,and Philip Frost (SAC)Satellite imageryand data boostdecision-makingand researchin AfricaDecision-makers and researchers in Africa nowhave access to improved satellite images andremote-sensing data in the fields of risk management,land use, agriculture and various others.Advocate Dirk du Toit, Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Land Affairs,inaugurated the reception capability of two earth observing satellitesystems, MODIS and Landsat, on 20 July 2004 at the CSIR’s SatelliteApplications Centre (SAC) at Hartebeesthoek.This is the first MODIS direct broadcast receiving station in Africadeveloped to monitor land, ocean and atmospheric processes that provideinformation on food security, crop yield monitoring, grazing capacity, andland degradation assessments, as well as global change, disaster managementand mitigation. SAC has been developing novel applications basedon MODIS images, notably an advanced fire warning service, which will greatly benefit the Southern AfricanDevelopment Community (SADC).The Deputy Minister also announced free access to all Landsat images, including the archives that date back to 1986,to all governments, research organisations and non-governmental organisations in SADC. These images are usedin managing agriculture, forestry, natural resource, environmental monitoring and land use mapping as well asgeological and hydrological applications. The Ministry for Agriculture and Land Affairs has mobilised in excess ofR12 million since March 2000 to provide national, regional and international access to these two satellite systems.“Excessive dollar-based costs for access to information from earth observation satellites has led to a gross underutilisationof the technology on the continent. The provision of free access to Landsat images represents aninternationally unprecedented shift in data policy and accessibility, and reaffirms the South African government’scommitment to the NEPAD process,” commented the Deputy Minister.“Both projects are aligned with the CSIR’s mandate,” said Dr Anthos Yannakou, Executive Vice President: Operationsof the CSIR and Chair of the SAC Advisory Board. “This is a prime example of us working in partnership with thepublic and private sectors to contribute to improved quality of life for South Africans,” he said.Enquiries: Biffy van Rooyen Tel +27 12 841 3887 Fax: +27 12 841 3652 Email: bvrooyen@csir.co.za

14Mapping anINNOVATIVEFUTUREThe DST’s Dr Bethuel Sehlapelo (thirdfrom right) and Linley Nadasen (far left)with participants at the ICT Roadmaproadshow held in Port ElizabethJohan Eksteen, CSIR ICTCoordination Manager(right), with Guy Vellacottof General Motors, whowas one of the industryspeakers during theRoadmap roadshow eventsThe CSIR, being future-looking bynature, makes use of futures toolssuch as foresight exercises androadmaps for internal and externalstrategies. The CSIR is ofteninvolved in such initiatives on anational level, the most recentbeing coordinating the roadmappingprocess in information andcommunication technology (ICT)on behalf of the Department ofScience and Technology (DST).Roadmaps assist industry and governmentin providing direction for thedevelopment of technology and industrystrategies through sensible, structuredconversations about the future pathway tofollow. The aim is to enable South Africato direct its resources and thus developan even more innovative ICT industry thatis vibrant and globally competitive.In June, the ICT Roadmap was taken on aroadshow to increase public awarenessand participation. “We kicked off with theGauteng launch, which proved to betremendously successful with some 200people from industry, traditional researchorganisations, government departments,and academia taking part,” says JohanEksteen, the CSIR ICT CoordinationManager and coordinator of the ICTRoadmap exercise on behalf of the DST.Successful technology roadmappinginitiatives worldwide are based on activeparticipation of industry and government.In South Africa, industry should decidewhich areas in ICT need to be developed toensure the country becomes an innovativecreator of competitive local products andbusinesses. This was the message ofMr Mosibudi Mangena, Minister of Scienceand Technology, at the Gauteng launch.“In Port Elizabeth and Cape Town, theroadshows were popular, with the majorityof the audience being of a different makeupthan in Gauteng. The involvement ofsmall and medium enterprises is one ofthe concerns raised by industry,” Eksteencomments.” We’ll have structured discussionsaround issues raised during theroadshows, including the optimal use ofcurrent incentive instruments of a numberof government departments. Such instrumentsinclude the Innovation Fund andTHRIP (Technology and Human Resourcesfor Industry Programme).”The first phase of the ICT Roadmap projectinvolved an open process that included thedissemination of documentation to all groupsinterested in participating. During phase two,knowledge and information that emerge fromworking groups will be shared within thatspecific group only. This is to ensure nondisclosureof R&D needs that emerge andthat may include pre-competitive technologydevelopment and commercialisation processes.Phase two will start in August with workshopsdedicated to the five technology areasaddressed in the ICT Roadmap, namelyFutureWeb; Human-computer Interfaces; GeoinformationScience; Wireless and SatelliteApplications; and High-performanceComputing.“Technology roadmapping promotes collaboration,sharing of knowledge and reduces therisks of investing in technology without takingaway the individual firm’s competitive position.Substantial benefits can accrue to individualfirms that engage in roadmapping,” saysEksteen.People interested in participating in the focusedworkshops should visit the website and expresstheir interest. The presentations made duringthe roadshows as well as draft reports on thefive technology areas are also available at:www.ictroadmap.co.za

15New initiative to boostFicksburg tourism SMMEsThe CSIR is part of a consortium that will be involved in redeveloping vacantbuildings for the development of a training and tourist business site in Ficksburg.In 2003/4, the Thuba Makote project inFicksburg saw the development of newfacilities for Boitumelo Secondary School,which was relocated from its temporaryaccommodation at the old Technical HighSchool sandstone buildings in town toMeqheleng. The same consortium oforganisations involved in the schooldevelopment has recently received povertyalleviation funding through theDepartment of Science and Technologyfor the first phase of the development ofthe Ficksburg Tourism SMMEDevelopment and Training Centre at thenow vacant site with the old sandstonebuildings.The project will involve redeveloping thevacant, dilapidated sandstone buildingsinto a facility for workshops, training anda tourist business site for entrepreneurship.The aim of the Tourism SMMEDevelopment and Training Centre is todevelop a centre for job creation andincome generation towards alleviatingpoverty. Once completed, the Centre willpresent a range of opportunities to thediverse Ficksburg community, includingsupporting markets for local enterprises andcreating a venue for new businesses andskills to be built. It is envisaged that thelocal education institutions and communitywould benefit from both the skills trainingand income generated.Restoration of the historic buildings will betreated sensitively due to the historicalsignificance of the beautiful structures.The project is also seeking to capitalise onlocal skills, materials, resources and networksto ensure the success and sustainability ofthe facility. Consultative processes andasset-mapping exercises will be conducted toidentify a broad range of local inputs.The consortium, which includes the CSIR,Eizon Investments (Pty) Ltd, the CentralUniversity of Technology (formerly knownas Technikon Free State), and BotshabeloCommunity Guidance Centre, has developeda deep interest and commitment tothe community through its Thuba Makoteinvolvement and looks forward to continuingits work with the Ficksburg communitytowards achieving its development objectives.The project has the endorsement ofthe Setsoto Local Municipality.Enquiries:Moses MsotywaTel: +27 51 534 8600Email: botshgc@mweb.co.zaGeci KaruriCSIR Building and ConstructionTechnologyTel: +27 12 841 2545Fax: +27 12 841 3504Email: gkaruri@csir.co.za

16Close-up view of theDAP flutter exciterMkII mounted on anMk 82 bombcarried underan aircraftdevelops unique flutter exciterCSIR Defence Technology hasdeveloped a novel flutter exciterto excite aircraft during flutterflight testing. Flutter flight testingis aimed at demonstrating that theaircraft flight envelope is flutterfree.Response measurements fromdeliberate excitation of the structureare used to identify and trackfrequency and damping valuesagainst velocity, and to identifyflutter conditions without actuallyencountering flutter. Flutter is aself-sustaining oscillation that canlead to structural failure and theloss of an aircraft, and should beavoided at all costs.The DAP flutter exciter Mk II can provide aflutter flight test capability to any militaryaircraft carrying an external store. Theflutter exciter is installed into or onto theexternal store, thus requiring no structuralmodifications to the aircraft. No dedicatedwiring is needed and the exciter is controlledby the normal store signals availablein an aircraft such as “fire” or “jettison”.The flutter exciter has a mass of7.5 kg, diameter of 127 mm and is 460 mmlong, which makes it easy to install ina variety of external stores. The flutterexciter is pre-programmed to executea frequency sweep and generates anoscillating rectilinear force using contrarotating,aerodynamically unbalancedimpellers. The device is driven by the airflow and the power requirement is minimal.The DAP flutter exciter Mk II was demonstratedin flight in March 2004 at the TestFlight and Development Centre (TFDC) ofThe South African Air Force. The exciterwas mounted to the nose of a Mk 82 bombcarried under a Cheetah C test aircraft.The exciter performed according to expectationat altitudes of 10 000 and 35 000feet, at Mach numbers up to 0.96 andspeeds up to 540 knots equivalent airspeed (equivalent to 1 000 km/h at sealevel).The flutter exciter has been marketed internationallyat exhibitions such as theAerospace Testing Exposition 2004 inHamburg where it generated considerableinterest. It will also be on show at theCSIR Defence Technology stand at theAfrican Aerospace and Defence 2004 showat Waterkloof Airforce Base in Septemberthis year.The CSIR provides a complete flutterprediction and aeroelastic analysis service,including ground vibration testing, finiteelement modelling-based structural dynamicanalysis, unsteady aerodynamic analysis,flutter calculations and support of flutterflight tests through near real-time dataanalysis.Enquiries:José MartinsTel: +27 12 841 4890Fax: +27 12 349 1156Email: jmartins@csir.co.za

Dr Sibusiso Sibisi, CSIR President, Mr Mosibudi Mangena, Minister ofScience and Technology, and Dr Steve Lennon, Managing Director of Eskom’sResources and Strategy DivisionMr Mangena observes theDigital Doorway in action17Gautenggets its firstDigital Doorway -Computerliteracy forMamelodicommunityResidents of Mamelodi now have theopportunity to reap the benefits from scienceand technology by becoming moretechnologically literate through teachingthemselves computer skills.The Minister of Science and Technology,Mr Mosibudi Mangena, launched theDigital Doorway installation in Mamelodiin June 2004. It is the first installation inGauteng and only the second one in SouthAfrica, with the other one situated in therural community of Cwili in the EasternCape.“The launch of the Digital Doorway centrein Mamelodi is a great opportunity to celebratethe important partnership betweenthe Department of Science and Technology(DST), the CSIR, Eskom and the MamelodiTown Council. Such partnerships areimportant not only for ensuring the successof this Digital Doorway project, butalso for creating a multi-sectoral platformthat has the capacity to highlight the significanceand value of science and technologyin our communities,” Mr Mangenasaid.President Thabo Mbeki has mentioned thatit is important to ensure that as manySouth Africans as possible master moderntechnologies and integrate themin their social activities. It iswithin this context that the DSTand the CSIR introduced theDigital Doorway project, whichgives people access to a multimediakiosk (terminal). The terminalis embedded in a steelhousing and has an LCD screen,a mini keyboard, and a touchpad.The terminal is equipped with educationalgames and applications, design functionsand access to the internet.“The Eskom sponsorship entails the installationof the Digital Doorway terminal inMamelodi, and the research and developmentwork associated with it for a period ofone year,” says Dr Steve Lennon, ManagingDirector of Eskom’s Resources and StrategyDivision. “The community itself is also acritical partner - this Digital Doorway willonly make a difference to their lives if theymake use of it,” he says.“The enabling role of information and communicationtechnology (ICT) has beenwidely recognised. The technological gainsand applications of ICT have becometremendous engines for economic growthand productivity. The reality is, however,that it is mostly the developed world thatreaps the vast majority of these gains. Weneed to close the digital divide, not merelybridge it, to foster an inclusive informationsociety,” says Dr Sibusiso Sibisi, Presidentof the CSIR.The Digital Doorway project promotes functionalcomputer literacy and learningthrough the use of minimally invasive education(MIE). The concept of MIE is thatgroups of children and older people canteach themselves to become computerliterate, given an appropriate and challengingenvironment with entertaining andmotivating content.The Digital Doorway is currently multilingualand the aim is to expand it to all11 official languages. The software andapplications installed have been selectedto be relevant in the South African contextwith content that features local issues andpeople.The Digital Doorway initiative consists oftwo phases: the first is the research phaseduring which nine Digital Doorways will beinstalled in various geographic and demographicareas to test the viability of MIE inthe South African context. The results ofthis phase will inform the second phase,which will focus on large-scale deploymentof Digital Doorways throughout SouthAfrica, should MIE prove to be relevant toSouth Africa.Enquiries: Ms Ronel SmithTel: +27 12 841 3104Fax: +27 12 841 4720Email: rsmith@csir.co.za

18Auto industrydevelopment centreopens in Eastern CapeDr Paulo Fernandes and Daimler Chrysler MD,Christoph KöpkeProf Irene Moutlana of PE Tech, Eastern Cape MEC of Finance, Enoch Godongwana, andDr Paulo Fernandes signed agreements with various educational institutionsDriven to grow South Africa’s internationalshare of the automotive export market, theAutomotive Industry Development Centre(AIDC) officially opened an office in PortElizabeth.The Eastern Cape is home to four ofAfrica’s largest vehicle manufacturers andover 150 component manufacturers, whichcontribute significantly to South Africa’s0,9% share of total world vehicle outputand 83% of Africa’s vehicle output.Staffed with high-calibre automotive sectorexperts, many of whom have significantautomotive industry experience, the AIDCis expected to contribute significantly tothe competitiveness of the industry in theprovince.The AIDC is already involved in several keyprojects, including the feasibility study andproject management of an automotivelogistics and light industrial assembly parkin Uitenhage – a multimillion rand investmentinto the local industry.The Centre is mandated by government tohelp entrench the region as a hub of manufacturingquality by providing cutting-edgeconsulting services in the areas of logistics,production and process engineering work-ing towards shop floor improvement andhuman resource development.In February, the AIDC rolled out its uniqueHIV/Aids workplace programme in theregion, aimed at managing the costs thatthe epidemic places on the sector andensuring that its workforce remains welland globally competitive.The AIDC was established through initialseed funding raised by government agencies,the Eastern Cape DevelopmentCorporation and Blue IQ, along with theCSIR, but will operate as a commerciallydriven entity, whose services will bededicated to the automotive sector.The Motor Industry Cluster (MIC), whichplays an important role in supporting theautomotive industry, has been incorporatedinto the AIDC.While global production increased by 3,8%in 2000, South Africa’s production expandedby 9,6%. The automotive industrydirectly employs 304 000 people andaccounts for 6,3% of GDP as the country’sthird largest economic sector.AIDC national coordinator, Dr PauloFernandes, said the fact that the region’seconomy was heavily reliant on the automotiveindustry meant that the AIDC’sinfluence would be felt across all sectors.“Our Centre is resourced with industryexperts and a knowledge pool that combinesbest industry practices. Together with governmentand industry players, the AIDC will playa leading role in assisting the industry toacquire greater global exports,’’ Fernandessaid.He said the AIDC aimed to address the needfor improvement in quality, cost and deliveryperformance of local suppliers in order tobecome and remain competitive, with a strongfocus on the development of SMEs.Among its priorities of human resource development,production and process engineering,and SME development, the AIDC offers logisticsservices focusing on logistics and supplychain management. It develops state-of-theartsolutions, specifically adapted to addressthe needs of the South African automotiveindustry.Dr Paolo FernandesAIDC National CoordinatorTel: +27 12 564 5252www.aidc.co.za

20Newly appointeddirector ofCSIR MiningTechnology,Vishnu PillayVishnu Pillayappointed as Directorof CSIR MiningtekDr Sibongile Pefilejoins the CSIR asIntellectualProperty andInnovation DirectorAs Intellectual Property and Innovation Director in theCSIR’s Intellectual Property (IP) and CommercialisationOffice, Sibongile Pefile is responsible for the strategicmanagement of innovation. "To improve the organisation'sefficiency in managing innovation, we need to monitorfactors such as business development, research managementand technology management, which have an impacton innovation. By bringing together all these processes wewill be able to enhance our capacity to manage innovationeffectively," she says.Vishnu Pillay has accepted the position of Director of CSIR MiningTechnology as of 1 July. At Gold Fields for 21 years, his experience spansmineral resource management across multiple commodities in South Africaas well as in other parts of the continent. In his capacity as SeniorConsultant: Mineral Resource Management, he was responsible for developingand implementing structures and systems that support the IntegratedResource and Reserve Information System in Gold Fields. Vishnu alsoensured that Gold Fields is at the forefront of Public Resource and Reservereporting.In a farewell message, his colleagues at Gold Fields expressed their assurancethat “he will continue to serve the mining industry with the distinctionand dedication for which he has become known.” Pillay has impressed withhis very strong views on what CSIR stands to achieve as R&D institute andspecialist technology consulting agency in the mining sector on the continentwithin the objectives of NEPAD.“Our mandate is to conduct relevant science, and deliverin a way that ultimately improves the lives of all SouthAfricans. This means that we have to ensure that technologiesare available and accessible to society," she explains.Pefile became involved in IP Management while doing herdoctoral studies at the University of Cape Town. Part of herwork involved gathering information on traditional medicinesand indigenous knowledge from the holders of suchinformation. To achieve this, it became necessary to understandthe ethical and legal implications and processes tobe followed to obtain this information without infringingon the rights of her sources.Her expertise in Knowledge and IP Management was furtherhoned when the Rockefeller Foundation appointed heras a consultant to help set up the Centre for theManagement of IP in Health Research and Development(MIHR).

21Gold Mametja, Mr Joel Masilela,Dr Brigalia Bam, Mrs Romanoand Mrs MametjaJustice Johann Kriegler with Gold MametjaThe Ten Years of Democracy AwardGold Mametja designs IEC AwardGold Mametja of the CSIR’s National Product Development Centre was calledupon by Dr Brigalia Bam of the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) toharness his creative skill to produce an award for the IEC. The award,entitled "The Ten Years of Democracy Award", was bestowed on the foundingcommissioners of the IEC (1994) and some of the existing staff members in recognitionof their various contributions to the success of the IEC in South Africaand in celebration of the ten years of elections, which parallels the tenthanniversary of democracy in South Africa. Gold has distinguished himselfpreviously through several national designs, which include a number of SouthAfrica's National Orders and the ICC Cricket World Cup Man of the Series trophy.

22Steve van Huyssteen – Winner of the JD Roberts AwardCSIR researcher wins JD RobertsAward for contribution toconstruction industry developmentAt a function held in Johannesburg, Murray and Roberts ConstructionCommercial Director, Jerome Govender, presented the 2004 JDRoberts Award to CSIR Building and Construction Technology’sSteve van Huyssteen in recognition of his outstanding contributionto construction industry development in South Africa, over a numberof years.Van Huyssteen was a member of the secretariat of the ConstructionIndustry Development Task Team, and in this support capacity contributedtowards the establishment of the Construction IndustryDevelopment Board (CIDB). After the establishment of the CIDB, hecontinued to support its successful implementation. In this regard, heplayed an important role in the development of the CIDB governanceguidelines and its first business plan and budget.Speaking at the award event, Brian Bruce, CEO of Murray and Roberts,pointed out that Van Huyssteen had played a leading role in the conceptualisationand development of the 2002 Status Reports on theSouth African construction industry. “In particular, Steve was intimatelyinvolved in the perception survey of the state of the industrythat formed part of the 2004 Report, including interviews with clients,contractors, designers and materials suppliers, and with the analysisand interpretation of the results,” he said.Van Huyssteen’s most important contribution, however, was his leadingrole in the conceptualisation and development of constructionindustry indicators (CIIs) in 2002, under contract to the Department ofPublic Works. He was subsequently involved in the development ofthe CIIs for 2003 (including the development of empowerment indicators)under contract to the CIDB. These indicators will lay the foundationfor ongoing measurement of the construction industry performance.Dr Rodney Milford, Director of CSIR Building and ConstructionTechnology and president of the CIBDirector of CSIR Buildingand Construction Technologyelected president of CIBDr Rodney Milford, Director of CSIR Building andConstruction Technology, was elected president of theInternational Council for Research and Innovation inBuilding and Construction (CIB) during an annualmeeting of the CIB General Assembly in Canada recently.He currently serves as a member of the CIB Board andchairman of the CIB Programme Committee.The CIB was established in 1953 with the support ofthe United Nations, as an association which aims tostimulate and facilitate international cooperation andinformation exchange between governmental researchinstitutes in the building and construction sector, withan emphasis on those institutes engaged in technicalfields of research.The CIB has since developed into a worldwide network ofover 5 000 experts from about 500 member organisationsactive in the research community, in industry or in education,who cooperate and exchange information in over50 CIB Commissions covering all fields of building andconstruction-related research and innovation.More information on the CIB can be accessed ontheir website - http://www.cibworld.nl

23CSIR and Battelleformalise bilateralrelationship withMOUA Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) signed in June2004 in Pretoria, has sealed the maturing relationshipbetween the CSIR and Battelle. Dr Richard Adams, SeniorVice-President for International Partnerships, signed theMOU on behalf of Battelle, while Dr Sibusiso Sibisi, CSIRPresident and CEO, signed on behalf of the CSIR.The MOU will allow the CSIR and Battelle (both membersof the Global Research Alliance) to maximise their capabilitiesin selected technological resources and expertise, anddomain knowledge of prevailing environments withinAfrica, to deliver innovative applications and solutions toprivate and public sector organisations. The MOU covers aperiod of one year.Speaking at the signing, Dr Adams commented on Africa’stransition into a set of nations with a stronger global businesspresence and noted that “the re-emergence of SouthSeated left to right: Dr Sibusiso Sibisi, CSIR President, andDr Richard Adams, Batelle Senior Vice-President for InternationalRelationships. Standing left to right: Mel Perel, Batelle Director:Innovation, Commercialisation, Equipment Development andMechanical systems, and Dr Reinie Biesenbach, CSIR InternationalBusiness DevelopmentAfrica into a democratic political system has sparked abroader view that the timing of a pan-African strategy isappropriate.”Dr Sibisi concurred with Dr Adams and underscored theCSIR’s commitment to joining forces with Battelle in the useof science and technology to promote the development ofAfrica and South Africa.The CSIR will have principal responsibility for identifyingbusiness leads and opportunities in Africa, with each partyretaining the right to participate in any opportunity at owndiscretion.Battelle is a non-profit corporation based in Columbus, Ohio,and serves industry and government in developing new technologies,high-quality solutions and products for some of theworld's most successful companies.

24Chris Morris (left) and Ajay Makan (right) picturedhere with the Stockholm Challenge certificate.Team members not pictured: John Hay, Johann Hugo,Anita van Deventer and Saloshni NaidooCSIRtelehealthprojectcomes outtops inStockholmChallengeThe CSIR’s telehealth project based in theEastern Cape was recently selected as oneof three winners in the health category ofthe prestigious Stockholm Challenge.The Challenge is an awards programmefor pioneering information technology (IT)projects worldwide.The CSIR project, Tsilitwa, competed withclose to 1 000 others from more than 100countries in six different categories, namelyhealth, e-government, culture, education,e-business, and environment.“Our telehealth project empowers ruralcommunities by making it possible forclinic sisters to provide improved healthcare,” says Chris Morris, ProjectCoordinator. “The CSIR’s telehealth projectconnects the rural clinic of Tsilitwa bymeans of a wireless network to the NessieKnight Hospital in Sulenkama. The clinicsister is thus able to interact with the doctorat the hospital through data, voice andvideo communications via a wireless system.This facilitates cost-effective healthcarefor patients who would have had totravel long distances,” he says.“The Stockholm Challenge was initiatedin 1994 with the aim of closing the digitaldivide and creating an inclusive informationsociety. The focus is not on the technologyitself, but on how information andcommunications technology (ICT) canbenefit people and societies,” explainsMorris.In 2000, a CSIR project was also placedfirst in one of the categories of theStockholm Challenge. The project wasbased on a completely wireless internetconnection for two schools in the remoteKwaZulu-Natal region of Manguzi.Enquiries:Chris MorrisProject CoordinatorTel: +27 12 841 2509Fax: +27 12 841 4720cmorris@csir.co.zaAjay MakanProject ManagerTel: +27 12 841 4009amakan@csir.co.zaT H E C S I R ’ S B U S I N E S S U N I T S A N D F A C I L I T I E S , W I T H C E N T R A L T E L E P H O N E N U M B E R S :■ Building and Construction Technology: Pretoria (012) 841-3871 ■ Defence Technology: (012) 841-2780 ■ Satellite Applications Centre: (012) 334 5000 ■ Food, Biological andChemical Technologies: Pretoria (012) 841-3260 Modderfontein (011) 605-2615 Cape Town (021) 689-9341 Durban (031) 261-8161 ■ Manufacturing and Materials Technology:Pretoria (012) 841-2411; 841-4392 Port Elizabeth (041) 508-3200 Johannesburg (011) 482-1300 Cape Town (021) 685-4306 Richards Bay (035) 797-3136 ■ Mining Technology:(011) 358-0000 ■ Roads and Transport Technology: Pretoria (012) 841-2905 Stellenbosch (021) 888-2508 Durban (031) 242 2300 ■ Water, Environment and Forestry Technology:Pretoria (012) 841-2674; 841-2682 Stellenbosch (021) 888-2400 Durban (031) 242-2300 Pietermaritzburg (033) 260-5446 ■ Editor: Eunice da Conceicao CSIR CommunicationsTel: (012) 841-3652 Fax: (012) 841-3924 Email: edaconceicao@csir.co.za ■ CSIR Internet: http://www.csir.co.za ■ ISSN 1017-4966 ■ Enquiries: (012) 841-2000■ Design: Loretta Steyn Graphic Design Studio, Pretoria Tel: (012) 804-1674 Email: loretta@icon.co.za