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Using <strong>Soil</strong> <strong>Taxonomy</strong>to Identify PotentialHydric <strong>Soil</strong>s
<strong>Soil</strong> <strong>Taxonomy</strong>A basic system of soil classification formaking and interpreting soil surveysObjective:To develop a hierarchical classification thatreflects the relationships between differentsoils, and between soils and the factorsresponsible for their character.
<strong>Soil</strong> <strong>Taxonomy</strong><strong>Soil</strong>s are classified on the basis of:• <strong>Soil</strong> properties observed in the field (e.g.,soil horizons, texture, color, pH) and• <strong>Soil</strong> properties inferred from the combineddata of soil science and other disciplines(e.g., soil temperature and moisture regimesinferred from soil science andmeteorology).
<strong>Soil</strong> <strong>Taxonomy</strong>Order12 OrdersEntisolSub OrderFirst sign of wetnessGreat GroupSub GroupFamilyFluventUsticMollicFine-loamy, mixed, frigidSeriesKorchea
Fine-loamy, mixed(calcareous), frigid,Mollic Ustifluvent(Korchea series,western ND)
<strong>Soil</strong> <strong>Taxonomy</strong>Nature ofNumber DifferentiatingCategory of Taxa CharacteristicsOrder 12 <strong>Soil</strong>-forming processesas indicated by presenceor absence of majordiagnostic horizons
<strong>Soil</strong> Orders• Alfisols• Andisols•Aridisols• Entisols•Gelisols• Histosols• Inceptisols• Mollisols•Oxisols• Spodosols• Ultisols• Vertisols
Dominant <strong>Soil</strong> OrdersAlfisolsAndisolsAridisolsEntisolsGelisolsGel/Inc (AK)HistosolsInceptisolsMollisolsOxisolsSpodosolsUltisolsVertisols
Taxonomic Names<strong>Soil</strong> OrderAlfisolAndisolAridisolEntisolGelisolHistosolInceptisolMollisolOxisolSpodosolUltisolVertisolName Ends in:-alf-and-id-ent-el-ist-ept-oll-ox-od-ult-ert
Entisol Suborders• Aquents(L. Aqua, Water)Wet Entisols•Fluvents(L. Fluvius, River)Floodplain <strong>Soil</strong>s• Orthents(Gr. Orthos, True)The Typical Ones• Psamments(Gr. Psammos, Sand)Sandy <strong>Soil</strong>s
Examples of Entisol Great Groups• SuborderAquents(Wet Entisols)• Great GroupsCryaquents - coldFluvaquents - floodplainHydraquents - waterPsammaquents - sandEpiaquents - perched
Examples of Entisol Great Groups• SuborderFluvents(Floodplainsoils)• Great GroupsTorrifluvents - torrid(hot and dry)Tropofluvents - tropical(warm and humid)Udifluvents - humid(not dry in most years)Ustifluvents - semi-arid(between Udic-Aridic)Xerofluvents - semi-arid(Mediterranean climate)
Examples of Entisol Great Groups• SuborderPsamments(Sandy <strong>Soil</strong>s)• Great GroupsCryopsammentsQuartzipsamments -QuartzTorripsammentsUdipsammentsUstipsammentsXeropsamments
Interpreting Taxonomic NamesSubgroup - Great Group, Suborder, Order4 3 2 1Vertic Udifluvent• 4 - Vertic subgroup - invert, shrink-swell, high clay• 3 - Udi(c) great group - humid climate• 2 - Fluv(ic) suborder - floodplain• 1 - Ent(isol) order - little soil development
Aquic <strong>Soil</strong> Moisture Regimes• Typic subgroup of anaquic suborder:• Typic ____aqu____–wettest• Aeric subgroup of anaquic suborder:• Aeric ____aqu____– better aerated• Aquic subgroup:• Aquic ___________–driest From Mausbach 1992
Examples of Subgroups4 3 2 1Typic Fluvaquents4 1 2Typical Entisols with aquic moisture regimes3that occur on floodplains.1. Order 3. Great Group2. Suborder 4. Subgroup
Examples of Subgroups4 3 2 1Mollic Fluvaquents1 2Entisols with aquic moisture regimes that3occur on floodplains and have thick,4dark surface layers.1. Order 3. Great Group2. Suborder 4. Subgroup
Examples of Subgroups4 3 2 1Aeric Fluvaquents1 3 2Entisols on floodplains with aquic moistureregimes that are not so wet. They are better4aerated in the “upper” part of the soil profile.1. Order 3. Great Group2. Suborder 4. Subgroup
<strong>Soil</strong> <strong>Taxonomy</strong>Nature ofNumber DifferentiatingCategory of Taxa CharacteristicsSeries 15,000+ May have virtually the full range ofproperties that is permitted in afamily, but in one or more propertiesthe range is restricted, such as:- Kind and arrangement of horizons- Color-Texture- Structure
Typic Medisaprists
TypicMedisaprists
Terric Haplosaprists
TerricHaplosaprists
Lithic Cryofolists
LithicCryofolists
Aquic Paleudalfs
AquicPaleudalfs
Aquic Glossudalfs
AquicGlossudalfs
Typic Aquisalids
Typic Aquisalids
AquicQuartzipsamments
AquicQuartzipsamments
Typic Humaquepts
TypicHumaquepts
Typic Argiaquolls
TypicArgiaquolls
Argiaquic Argialbolls
ArgiaquicArgialbolls
Aeric Calciaquolls
AericCalciaquolls
Aeric Alaquods
Aeric Alaquods
Typic Umbraqults
Typic Umbraqults
Chromic Epiaquerts
ChromicEpiaquerts
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