DIVISION OF GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING

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19killing) were reflected in high grain yield and high1000 kernel weight (TKW).With the aim to estimate the crude proteincontent in grain by NIR method, certain areas ofspectra were predicted as more effective.Chemical composition of wheat grain wasanalysed in detail and the results were comparedwith dietary value tested on brown rats. A set oflines carrying 1B/1R translocation differed fromlines without translocation in higher content ofessential amino acids. Other traits were verysimilar. The control cultivar ‘Šarka’ was notovercome by any tested line.Cultivars of white mustard and Phacelia weretested for suitability of their use as catch crops.Important criteria – earliness, biomass productionand nitrogen content in biomass were evaluated.(Stehno Z., Dotlačil L., Dvořáček V., HermuthJ. Michalová A.)Research Plan, MZe ČR 0002700602: Phase 8.Hazard monitoring and informationdatabases for sustainable development inagriculture and for biosafetyThe studies were aimed at data gathering andpresentation for utilisation in agricultural researchand breeding. The main tasks of the phase aredevelopment and updating of databases andmonitoring system of frost resistance, includingprediction of risks for a wide use in agriculturalpractice.The three databases of international importanceare available at the RICP server. Two of them areECP/GR central crop databases: ‘European WheatDatabase’ (EWDB) http://genbank.vurv.cz/ewdb/(134,099 records) and Arrhenatherum andTrisetum Database http://genbank.vurv.cz/Arrh_Tri/(340 records).The third database ‘Wheat Pedigree and IdentifiedAlleles of Genes’ http://genbank.vurv.cz/wheat/pedigree/ has been developed in collaborationwith Dr. Martynov (VIR St. Petersburg).Another useful database including data from anagrometeorological station at RICP Praha can befound in the form of tables at http://www.vurv.cz/meteo/ or in the graphical form for the last 24 hoursat http://www.vurv.cz/meteo/meteograf.htm.International cooperation in the field of PGRFAdocumentation was in progress. The European Catalogueof PGRFA EURISCO http://eurisco.ecpgr.org/was updated by providing information from Czechcrop collections. Participation in the FAO pilotproject “National Information Sharing Mechanismon GPA Implementation in the Czech Republic”and presentation of Czech data in the systemFAO WIEWS were made available athttp://www.pgrfa.org/selectcountry.jspx. The finalreport describing the project activities can befound at http://www.pgrfa.org/gpa/cze/CZE_GPA_Final_report.pdf.Monitoring of frost resistance was carried out on82 old local European cultivars and 17 newlyregistered cultivars of winter wheat. (Faberová I.Dotlačil L. Kuklík L., Prášilová P.)National Programme on Conservation andUtilisation of Plant Genetic Resources andAgro-biodiversityThe new National Programme (since 2004) basedon Act No. 148/2003 on Plant Genetic Resourcesis aimed at gathering (including collectingmissions), documentation, description, evaluationand conservation of plant genetic resources andalso on the provision of services to users. The GeneBank in RICP Praha ensures long-term storage ofseed samples for all seed-propagated collections(long-term storage at –18° C or –5° C) as well asprovides services of the National InformationSystem on Plant Genetic Resources (EVIGEZ) for allcooperating institutions. Annually, 4-5 thousandaccessions are provided to users. There are 48,000accessions gathered in the Czech collections,among them over 18% of vegetatively propagatedspecies; extensive collections of wheat, barley,flax, potatoes, some vegetables and fruit treesare available (Fig.). All Czech collections are fullydocumented in passport data and evaluation dataare available for 52% of accessions. An intensivedescription and evaluation of genetic resources iscarried out to facilitate their utilisation in breedingand in agricultural practice. Collecting missions aswell as conservation and monitoring of valuableresources conserved “in situ” also contribute to themaintenance and evaluation of local resources.Fig. Crop structure of plant genetic resource collections in the Czech Republic in 2004
20In 2004, gene bank storage amounted to 34,750accessions, which is 89.5% of all seed propagatedaccessions. EVIGEZ documentation system hasbeen further developed.The updated crop catalogue EVIGEZ containingpassport data is on-line available to users onthe URL: http://genbank.vurv.cz/genetic/resources/.Systematic two-year evaluation of plant geneticresources continued in 2004 in the form of fieldexperiments, post-harvest analyses and laboratorytests. A total of 560 accessions of wheat, 82 winterbarley, 28 triticale, 190 wild relatives of Triticeae,168 buckwheat and 60 other minor crops wereevaluated. (Dotlačil L., Stehno Z., Faberová I., HolubecV., Dvořáček V., Kuklík L., Michalová A.)Maintenance of biological value of seeds inselected species with low seed longevity usingthe combination of effects of physical factors(QD 1325)The project that ended last year was aimed at plantspecies with naturally low seed longevity. A set of8 vegetable and 7 flower species was tested.Experiments were conducted to evaluate seedgermination of deep-dried seeds stored in threevariable temperature regimes (uncontrolled roomtemperature, +5° C and –18° C) after the applicationof accelerated ageing conditions. The critical level ofwater content in selected seed samples was specifiedand recommendations for the optimum seed storageconditions were elaborated for selected species.Recommendations for the quality testing ofCallistephus chinensis seed lot were also defined.Their validity will further be verified on the materialat SEMPRA Plant Breeding Station at Veltrusy.Sets of measurements of deep-dried seeds werecarried out with differential scanning calorimeterin order to determine physical properties of seedvitrification. Five different types of thermalresponses to the heating/thawing of deep-driedseeds at temperatures from –80° C to +100° C weredetected in 44 species. The thermal response wasfound to be species specific.The methods for expeditious and reliableevaluation of seed viability were validated. Thegermination energy was recommended for thepurposes of gene bank practice. (Faberová I.,Zámečník J., Kuklík L., Hosnedl V., Porš J.)Enhancement of the value of wheat andbarley collections for users and improvementof collection management (QC 1345)During the four years of the project, geneticvariability of broad spectra of characters wasevaluated in selected “core” collections of winterwheat (432 cultivars) and spring barley (270cultivars) in field trials. Characteristics of storageproteins were studied in these model collections(HMW-glutenins in wheat and hordeins in barley)and cultivars were characterised by the presence ofparticular alleles. The whole wheat “core”collection and a part of barley “core” collectionwere characterised by DNA markers (SSR). On thebasis of acquired data genetic distances betweencultivars were calculated using cluster analyses.Representatives of homogeneous clusters andgenetically distant cultivars were selected ascomponents of the “core” collections in both crops.Pedigree analyses of all available data in winterwheat and spring barley collections were carried outand cultivars that represent particular clusters andfrequently occur in pedigree patterns wereidentified. On the basis of all this information "core"collections of winter wheat and spring barley wereestablished. Genetic resources – expected donors ofvaluable characters for breeding were also identifiedand described. The procedures used in this projectcould be applied in large collections of other crops.Simultaneously with experimental work, thecollection and complementation of description andevaluation data in EVIGEZ documentation systemalso continued. Thanks to project activities (whichwere carried out jointly by RICP Prague and ARIKroměříž) evaluation data are now available in69% and pedigree data in 56% of accessions ofthe winter wheat collection, in the spring barleycollection in 75% and 57% of accessions,respectively. (Dotlačil L., Milotová J., Stehno Z.,Faberová I., Leišová L., Dvořáček V., Martinek P.,Nedomová L.)Improved management of collections ofspring wheat, oat and winter barley geneticresources, enhancement of their value forusers (1G 46065)The project is solved jointly by RICP Prague andARI Kroměříž, and its activities in the first yearwere mainly aimed at the selection of experimentalmaterials and their multiplication for subsequentfield experiments in next years. First of all, availableinformation on collections was gathered andanalysed and representatives for model “core”collections were chosen. Selected accessions ofspring wheat and oat were sown in Prague-Ruzyněand in Kroměříž, respectively. Only preliminaryevaluation was carried out due to the lack of seeds;harvested seeds will be used for field experimentsin two localities in 2005. In winter barley, plots forseed multiplication were sown in autumn 2004(Prague-Ruzyně). At the same time all available dataon the above-mentioned collections were gathered,processed and added to the EVIGEZ informationsystem, including information on pedigrees of bredcultivars. Currently, pedigree data in wheat and oatare ready for analyses. (Dotlačil L., Nedomová L.,Stehno Z., Faberová I., Milotová J., Leišová L.,Dvořáček V., Oborný J., Hermuth J., Čejka L.,Polišenská I.)Study and description of selected landracesand Glu-lines with a high content of storageproteins in five cultivated wheat species(521/03/1201)In field trials during the second year of theproject we evaluated 151 lines of bread wheat, 24genotypes of emmer wheat, 9 genotypes of einkornand 10 landraces or obsolete cultivars of speltwheat. Plant and spike analyses proved essentialdifferences in productivity characters betweenlandraces and modern bred cultivars. Specificcharacters of grain quality were confirmed inwheat landraces, especially high crude protein
Page 1: 18DIVISION OF GENETICSAND PLANT BRE
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Page 21 and 22: 38Klíma M., Vyvadilová M., Kučer
Page 23: 40STAFF OF THE DIVISIONIng. L. Dotl

DIVISION OF GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING

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