Trauma-of-Racism-Report

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Burden of Racial Oppression forBoys and Young Men of ColorPeople of color are disproportionatelyeconomically disadvantaged.Nationally, people of color are more likely to live in poverty thantheir White peers. While 11.6 percent of White Americans livein poverty, 25.8 percent of Black, 23.2 percent of Latino, and 27percent of American Indian and Alaska Natives live in poverty. 2Families of color are also between six and nine times more likelythan White families to live in areas of concentrated poverty,exacerbating the effects of poverty and impeding opportunities toimprove financial situations. 3Boys of color achieve the poorest educational outcomes.In 2009–10, 52 percent of Black and 58 percent of Latino malesgraduated from high school in four years, compared to 78 percentof their White male peers. 4 Black men’s college graduation ratesare the lowest among all genders and racial groups in the U.S. 5Additionally, only 37.2 percent of Black and 42.2 percent of Latinoundergraduates at U.S. colleges and universities were men, thusboys and men of color tend to fare less well in the education systemthan their female peers. 6Black and Latino men experience high rates ofunemployment and underemployment.According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, in the first quarterof 2015, the unemployment rates for Black, Latino, and White menbetween the ages of 20 and 24 were 17.8 percent, 10.6 percent,and 9.1 percent, respectively. Additionally, young people of colorare more likely than their White peers not to be working at theirfull capacity. 7 A 2014 Center for Economic Policy and Researchstudy found that in 2013, 55.9 percent of employed black recentcollege graduates were “underemployed”—defined as “working inan occupation that typically does not require a four-year collegedegree”—vs. 45 percent of recent college graduates overall. 84
Men of color aredisproportionately involved inthe criminal justice system.A U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics reportshowed Black males born in 2001 had a32 percent likelihood of going to prisonin their lives, more than five times thelikelihood for White men. 9 A 2012 studyfound an astounding 68 percent of Blackhigh school dropouts born between 1975and 1979 had been to prison by 2009. 10 Inaddition to long-term negative effects on aman’s economic mobility, having a familymember in prison creates economic andemotional instability in the home, furtherjeopardizing the well-being of the entirefamily.ALL MEN1 in 9ALL WOMEN1 in 56WHITE MEN1 in 17WHITE WOMEN1 in 111BLACK MEN1 in 3BLACK WOMEN1 in 18Lifetime Likelihood of ImprisonmentSource: Bonzcar, T. (2003). Prevalence ofImprisonment in the U.S. Population, 1974,2001.Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics.LATINO MEN1 in 6LATINO WOMEN1 in 45Implicit bias and discrimination further impedesuccess for young men and boys of color.Recent research found that Black boys as young as 10 are viewed asolder and less innocent than their peers among a sample of policeofficers from large urban areas. 11 Another study found that peoplewith “Black-sounding” names (e.g., Jamal and Lakisha) were 50percent less likely to be called for a job than people with “Whitesounding”names when sending identical resumes to a randomsample of employers. 12Promising Policy & Program SolutionsInitiatives like My Brother’s Keeper recognize the urgency ofincreasing fairness for men of color. Policy solutions are beingoffered with some promising initiatives described below. This list isoffered with the simultaneous recognition, that without addressingthe root causes of racial inequity and only intervening in relation tothe consequences of oppression, injustice will be perpetuated.5
Page 4 and 5: Facts Matter! Black Lives Matter!PA
Page 8 and 9: School disciplinary code reformIn N
Page 10 and 11: 8ConclusionBoys and men of color fa
Page 15 and 16: June Cara Christian linkseducation,
Page 17 and 18: in New Jersey, where 85 percent of
Page 19 and 20: ConclusionShirley Chisholm, the fir
Page 21 and 22: Part One of this report, “Researc
Page 23 and 24: ▶ Untimely death (e.g., murders,
Page 25 and 26: concentration of young people whose
Page 27 and 28: from communities of color. Second,
Page 29 and 30: There is much that needsto be done
Page 31: 14. The Council of State Government
Page 34 and 35: 62. Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conserva
Page 36: About the McSilver InstituteThe McS

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