GENETICS REVIEW SHEET Genetics - Arapahoe High School

Biology 2007: GeneticsName___________________________Period___________ Date__________UNIT 3: GENETICS REVIEW SHEETGenetics: The Basics1. Genetics is the study of ______________________________________.2. Heredity is defined as the passing of _______________________ from _____________________ to their__________________.3. Skin, nerve, and muscle cells are classified as _______________ cells and possess __________ pairs,or _______ chromosomes per cell. Cells with a full set of chromosomes are called _________(___).4. Fertilization is the union of a _______________ and an ____________ to form a ___________________,or a fertilized egg. Reproductive cells are called ____________________________________________.5. Gametes must have ______________________ the number of chromosomes, or one chromosomefrom each pair, so gametes possess ________________________ chromosomes. Cells with half thenumber of chromosomes are called _________________________(_____).6. In order for cells to become haploid, cells undergo a division process called __________________.Use the space below to explain this process.7. Crossing over happens when portions of _______________________ break off and attach to other____________________ on the homologous chromosome. Crossing over permits the exchange of_________________ ____________________ between ___________________ and ____________________chromosomes resulting in ______________ ______________________ by producing a new mixture ofgenetic material.8. _______________________ ________________________ is the “Father” of modern genetics, who used_________________________________ to understand important concepts of genetics and heredity.9. A mutation is a change in the _________________________________ of an organism that can cause________________________ but sometimes cane be _____________________________ to an organism.10. Define:a. Allele:b. Gene:11. If the gene pairs are identical, a person is called _________________________________________.12. If the gene pairs are different, a person is called _________________________________________.

Genetics Problems:13. Name the 5 steps to follow when working any genetics problem:1.___________________________________________________2.___________________________________________________3.___________________________________________________4.___________________________________________________5.___________________________________________________COMPLETE DOMINANCE: One __________________ is completely ______________________ over the other.14. In pea plants, green (G) is dominant to yellow (g).a. A homozygous yellow plant would have what genes for this trait?b. What is the phenotype for a plant with the genotype Gg?c. If a homozygous green plant is crossed with a homozygous yellow plant, what genotypesand phenotypes would you expect the F1 generation to have?Punnett Square:Cross: ___________ X ______________Answer the Question:15. A cross between two heterozygous parents, where Blue (B) is dominant to white (b), what arethe phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the F1 generation?Cross: ___________ X _______________Punnett Square:Phenotypic Ratio: ___________ : ___________ (F1 generation)Genotypic Ratio: ________ : ________ : _________ (F1 generation)

Codominance:Occurs when both ___________________ for a gene are expressed in a ________________ offspring.16. In shorthorn cattle, when a red bull (RR) is crossed with a white cow (WW), all the offspringare roan—a spotted, red and white or milky red color.a. What are the chances of the offspring resulting in red cattle, when a roan bull is crossedwith a roan cow?Cross: _________________ X __________________Punnett Square:Answer the Question: There are three different ways to represent this answer.1. ___________________2. ___________________3. ___________________Dihybrid Cross: Cross involving _______________________ traits.17. In pea plants, the allele for round seeds (R) is dominant over wrinkled seeds (r), and the allelefor yellow seeds (Y) is dominant over the allele for green seeds (y).a. What are the results of a cross between two heterozygous round, yellow pea plants?Cross: ___________ X _____________Punnett Square:Results:Ratio: ** __________ : _________ : ___________ : ___________**

Karyotype: A picture of an individual’s _______________________.18. Name two things that we are able to determine by evaluating karyotypes:i.ii.19. Down’s Syndrome babies carry an extra ______________________________________ chromosome.20. Klinefelter’s Syndrome means that a person has an extra ______________________ chromosome.X-Linked Traits: Genes found on the _______________ chromosome.21. Two common, recessive, X-linked traits are: _____________________ and _______________________22. XX= ______________ symbol? _________________XY= ______________ symbol? _________________23. Hemophilia is an X-linked trait. Normal clotting (H) is dominant over hemophilia (h).a. A heterozygous normal (carrier) female is crossed with a male who has hemophilia. Whatare the results of their offspring?Cross: _____________ X _______________Punnett Square:Results:Pedigree24. = _______ = ________ = ________ = _________25. Use the following key to answer the questions: F = Normal f = Cystic FibrosisDetermine the genotype of each individual in the pedigree and write the genotype next to eachindividual above.

Multiple Alleles: Traits controlled by ________________ or more alleles of the same gene that code for a_________________ trait.26. Name an example of a trait that has multiple alleles. ________________27. Mr. A – Type A Mr. B – Type O Baby #1 – Type BMrs. A – Type AB Mrs. B – Type AB Baby #2 – Type ABa. Which baby belongs to Mr. and Mrs. A?___________________b. Which baby belongs to Mr. and Mrs. B?___________________SHOW YOUR WORK BELOW!This is only a REVIEW sheet!Look over notes, hand-outs, homework, labs, and worksheets!STUDY, STUDY, STUDY!