Annotated Bibliography of Online Career Development and Related ...

Annotated Bibliography of Online Career Development and Related ResearchMeegan Gillie-Isenhour and Scott Gillie2003A Changing Focus in Evaluation: Linking Process and OutlineBryan Hiebert“…The evidence used to gauge counselors’ success is often not considered evaluation,is not documented, and therefore cannot be used to back up claims that counseling hasbeen successful.” A possible new approach to evaluation would be one that counselorssee as “relevant, practical, and capable of embracing the informal observations thatcounselors and clients make about counseling progress.” Successful evaluation modelsmust accommodate this interplay between counselor and client and between processand outcome.http://www.ericfacility.net/ericdigests/ed414519.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Assessing Career Development with PortfoliosJuliette Lester and Nancy Perry”As career development becomes an increasingly important component of educationalsystems, the issues of measurement and accountability are raised.” This digest focuseson the use of portfolios in assessing career development.http://ericcass.uncg.edu/assess/lester.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Canada’s School to Work Report Card: Grade FPhillip S. Jarvis”Canada’s school-to-work transition efforts have failed too many youth and adultsbecause they have not had a framework of essential life/work skills for all to learn.These essential life/ work skills complement the academic and technical skills nowrequired for completion of formal education and training. Adopting such a framework,and implementing curricula and resources such as The Real Game Series to helpeveryone master these skills, help more youth and adults become fulfilledand self-reliant.”http://icdl.uncg.edu/pdf/102601-03.pdfDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Career Academies: Impacts on Students’ Initial Transitions to Post-SecondaryEducation and EmploymentJames J. KempleIn 1993, the Career Academies Evaluation, a 10-year longitudinal study of the Academymodel in nine schools around the country, was begun. In the evaluation, more than 1,700Academy applicants in the 8th or 9th grade were randomly assigned to enroll in their highschool’s Academy (the Academy group) or to enroll in any other high school program (thenon-Academy group)…The new impact findings presented in this report are based onsurvey data collected about one year after scheduled high school graduation.http://www.mdrc.org/Reports2002/CA_StudentsImpacts/CA_StudentImpact_ExSum.htmDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003

Career Counseling and Job PlacementD. Stern, N. Finkelstein, J.R. Stone, J. Latting and C. Dornsife”Career counseling and job placement services have sometimes been provided as partof vocational education in high schools… In a survey of programs which emphasizeguidance, counseling, and job placement the following categories of students wereidentified by at least one program as its focus: handicapped, disadvantaged, at-risk,limited-English proficiency, teen parents, migrants, and displaced homemakers, as wellas the entire school population.”http://vocserve.berkeley.edu/Abstracts/MDS-771/MDS-771-Career.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Career Development for African American and Latina FemalesJeanne Weiler”Low-income African American and Latina adolescent females need extensive supportfor developing and implementing career plans. Many reside in economically depressedinner-cities where access to decent schools and opportunities for employment isseverely limited. Thus they may lack academic skills and career-related experiences,and perceive narrow career opportunities for themselves, which combine to poseformidable obstacles to obtaining future jobs or careers…”http://www.ericfacility.net/ericdigests/ed410369.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Career Development Issues Affecting Secondary SchoolsCarolyn Maddy-Bernstein“Despite the abundance of resources on career development, the literature andinteractions with educators indicate there are still areas needing clarification or furtherattention. This paper draws from literature on research and best practices as well as thewisdom of practitioners and leaders in the field in order to focus on these careerdevelopment issues affecting secondary schools.”http://www.nccte.org/publications/infosynthesis/highlightzone/highlight01/highlight01-careerdevelopment.pdfDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Career Education and Applied AcademicsMichael Wonacott“The principles of infusion and career emphasis are critical in developing the work force.…Guidance systems that provide information on careers and counseling in making asuitable career choice are critical components of the transition from education toemployment. …A number of urban high schools have had great success in preparingat-risk students for specific occupational fields as well as for college entrance."http://www.ericfacility.net/ericdigests/ed350488.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/20032

Career Intervention for Women Survivors of Domestic ViolenceKrista Gragg”The Restoring Career Opportunities (RCO; Gragg, 2000) program is a careerintervention program created specifically for women survivors of domestic violence.”The primary goals of this career intervention program are: “(1) to facilitate women’sidentification of career interests, (2) increase awareness, development, and use ofcareer-related skills, (3) increase knowledge of career opportunities, (4) facilitateutilization of community resources, and (5) facilitate identification and planning of futurecareer goals.”http://inpathways.net/_acrna/gragg.pdfDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Career Management Paradigm Shift: Prosperity for Citizens, Windfalls for GovernmentsPhillip S. Jarvis”The new career management paradigm recognizes that career development is alifelong process of knowledge and skills acquisition reflecting a continuum of learningand mastery. The key to success in the modern workplace, as in life, is not finding theright job or life partner, it’s becoming the right person, continuously. The new paradigmsees youth and adults learning a new set of career and life management skills that willenable them to construct personal meaning and plan their lives and careers withconfidence and intention.”http://inpathways.net/research/career_paradigm_shift.docDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Comprehensive School Counseling Programs: A Review for Policymakers andPractitionersL. Dianne Borders and Sandra M. Drury“This article describes components of effective school counseling programs that haveemerged from 30 years of empirical research and professional standards. Results aresummarized in seven sections: core principles of school counseling programs, programresources, program interventions, program evaluation, program renewal, writtenpolicies, and program climate.”http://www.siuc.edu/~epse1/prichard/epsy502/Borders.htmDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Decisions without Direction: Career Guidance and Decision-Making Among AmericanYouthThis national survey shows that most young people nationwide plan to pursue a fouryeardegree in college, then follow their hearts into a career that appeals to them on apersonal level. The telephone survey of 809 high-school juniors and seniors wasconducted in Fall 2001.http://inpathways.net/_acrna/decision.pdfDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/20033

Delivery of Career Counseling Services: Videodisc & Multimedia Career InterventionsRichard Bradshaw”It is estimated that over one-third of Canada's high-school students will drop out ofschool… One of the great challenges to career development professionals is how tomotivate this massive "at-risk" youth population (a) to persist with education & trainingthrough high school and beyond, and (b) to take responsibility for, and action toward,their own career development. The advent of multimedia computer technology hasincreased the potential for "high impact" career interventions.”http://www.ericfacility.net/ericdigests/ed414516.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Discover Makes a DifferenceACT, Inc.Several research studies support the effectiveness of DISCOVER as a method forincreasing users’ career decidedness and occupational certainty. Results of thesestudies reveal that DISCOVER – whether used alone or in conjunction with a groupworkshop or an individual counseling session- often increases an individual’s careerdecidedness.http://www.act.org/discover/pdf/research.pdfDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Evaluating Career Counseling Centers: A Collaborative ApproachWilliam Schulz“Professional evaluation of career counseling programs is becoming increasinglyimportant as funding becomes more limited and accountability more pervasive. Thechallenge is to make evaluation a positive experience for the counselors, administrators,and clients, while, at the same time, satisfying the more quantitative needs of the policyplanners and program funders. … This paper describes the approach used by anoutside team to evaluate seven small career counseling programs.”http://www.ericfacility.net/ericdigests/ed414517.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Evaluating School Guidance ProgramsNorm Gysbers“To achieve accountability, evaluation is needed concerning the nature, structure,organization and implementation of school district/building guidance programs; theschool counselors and other personnel who are implementing the programs; and theimpact the programs are having on students, the schools where they learn, and thecommunities in which they live. Thus, the overall evaluation of school district/buildingguidance programs needs to be approached from three perspectives: programevaluation, personnel evaluation, and results evaluation.”http://www.ericfacility.net/ericdigests/ed388887.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/20034

Exemplary Career Guidance Programs: What Should they Look Like?Carolyn Maddy-Bernstein and Esmeralda S. Cunanan“Counselors, vocational educators, administrators, and other counseling professionalscan gain valuable information from this monograph for improving their career guidanceand counseling programs. It is organized into the following chapters: a clarification ofthe school counselor's role in career guidance and counseling, a description of theframework for identifying exemplary career guidance and counseling programs,information about three schools striving to build comprehensive, integrated careerguidance and counseling programs, a description of the National Career DevelopmentGuidelines.”http://www.nccte.com/publications/ncrve/mds-08xx/mds-855.aspDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Follow-Up Evaluation of Career-Counseling ProgramsRobert Flynn“Meta-analyses have shown that career counseling produces gains as large as thosegenerated by well-developed psychological, educational, or behavioral interventions ingeneral. Additional follow-up evaluations are needed, however, to improve ourunderstanding of why career counseling is effective, with whom, on which outcomes, forhow long, and under what conditions.”http://www.ericfacility.net/ericdigests/ed414525.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Guidance--The Heart of Education: Three Exemplary ApproachesThomas Ellis“Unlike the reform movement of the eighties, the new movement in the role of schoolguidance takes full account of students' personal needs in formulating educationalgoals. Proponents of this school of thought recognize the close relationship betweenstudents' academic development and their personal growth; accordingly, they areseeking to place guidance at the heart of the educational process. The three exemplaryguidance programs presented here represent three different, but compatibleapproaches to this goal.”http://www.ericfacility.net/ericdigests/ed328829.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003How do Career Interventions Impact the Educational Choices of Eighth GradeStudents?G.W. Peterson, K.L. Long and A. Billups”Preparation of eighth grade students prior to their registration for ninth grade classesmay impact the decisions students make regarding the courses they select throughouttheir high school years. These choices in turn will impact students' abilities to appropriatelyplan for their futures, including their abilities to attain postsecondary goals.http://www.umass.edu/schoolcounseling/ResearchBrief1.2.pdfDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/20035

Interactive Internet Program Teaches Parents to Facilitate Children’s CareerDevelopmentGinger Clark and John Horan”There is a consensus in the literature that career development is a life long processthat begins as early as four years old… Scientists also agree that parents are the singlemost influential factor in the career development and choice of their children… but arenot adequately informed about how to help…” This paper discusses the interventionsthat have been targeted towards parents in the past, and the effectiveness of usingcomputer-based and Internet-based programs in parent education. It then presents anon-line parent education program that incorporates all of these components, anddiscusses the results of the authors’ evaluation of its effectiveness.http://horan.asu.edu/d-gc-apa-y2k-diss.htmDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003International Career Development Library’The International Career Development Library (ICDL) is a free, online collection of fulltextresources for counselors, educators, workforce development personnel, and othersproviding career development services.”http://icdl.uncg.edu/Downloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Leading and Managing Comprehensive School Guidance ProgramsNorman Gysbers and Patricia Henderson“…this digest first focuses on the fundamental beliefs and the organizational structure ofcomprehensive guidance programs. Then attention is given to guidance program leaderroles, titles, and functions that we feel are necessary to lead and managecomprehensive school guidance programs.”http://ericcass.uncg.edu/digest/2001-07.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Making Schools Career FocusedPaula Hudis”Some high schools are organizing all or parts of their curricula around careers, in aneffort to help students achieve greater academic success and make better decisionsabout the future. This new focus has created a hybrid model that marries the broad goalof comprehensive high schools--to prepare students for further education and careers--with the more immediate employment-related objectives of vocational-technicaleducation.”http://inpathways.net/_acrna/career_majors.pdfDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Managing Life, Learning and Work in the 21 st Century: Issues Informing the Design ofan Australian Blueprint for Career DevelopmentMary McMahon, Wendy Patton and Peter TathamThis paper “synthesizes the theoretical, policy and practice perspectives that will help toinform the development of the Blueprint within the Australian context. It also provides auseful, concise and informative resource for those with an interest in assisting people toeffectively manage their lives, learning and work in the 21st century.”6

http://inpathways.net/research/austrailian%20career%20blueprint.pdfDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Occupational Information and International Development: Improving HRD DiagnosticsJ.E.S. Lawrence”In this paper, John Lawrence explores the relevance of the NOICC/SOICC experimentto human resources development. …Dr. Lawrence suggests a number of areas in whichthe NOICC/SOICC forum and experience might be of assistance in human resourcesdevelopment. Although his analysis focuses on less industrialized countries, thedescription of the NOICC/SOICC Network and his recommendations, may be of interestto countries at many different points along the economic spectrum. He also points outopportunities for the U.S. to learn from others in the global community.”http://icdl.uncg.edu/ft/062300-01.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Reducing Negative Career Thoughts with a Career CourseCorey Reed, Janet Lenz, Robert Reardon and Stephen Leierer”While the general effectiveness of integrated theory based career courses has beendocumented, there is a need for research that evaluates courses and specific variableswhich may relate to student and institutional outcomes. …The present study seeks toadd to existing research by examining the impact of a course based upon cognitiveinformation processing theory in reducing negative or dysfunctional career thoughts.”http://icdl.uncg.edu/ft/091001-02.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Research in Career CounselingEdwin Herr“…research in career counseling is important, but complex. Needed is research thatdistinguishes the effectiveness and outcomes of different approaches to careercounseling as well as comparisons of career counseling to other career interventions.Future directions include greater attention to cost-benefit ratios, comparative outcomes,and use of innovative research methodologies.”http://ericcass.uncg.edu/research/herr.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Research on Evaluation of ICDM Training in Three StatesWalter Bailey, Bonnie Blanton and Marva Larrabee”An evaluation of the Improved Career Decision Making (ICDM) training program ispresented. A follow-up study and a qualitative study of the impact of ICDM training onthe clients of participants are included in the research design. This report providesspecific information on each of the three phases of the research. Appendixes includeresearch materials, procedures guides, forms, etc. and evaluation form comments.”http://icdl.uncg.edu/ab/031400-01.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/20037

Research in School CounselingPamela Paisley and Richard HayesERIC Digest“Research by school counselors is essential for preservation of the specialty, enhancementof the knowledge base, evaluation of effectiveness, improvement of services, andunderstanding of professional needs. For meaningful research to be conducted inschools, school counselors need to be involved in research practice from the beginningof their preparation and throughout their involvement in professional practice. Thus,school counseling graduate students, practitioners, counselor educators, andsupervisors should work together in localized collaborative action-oriented research.”http://ericcass.uncg.edu/research/paisley.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003School Counseling Outcome ResearchSusan Whiston and Thomas SextonFound on page 44 of the online journal“In this review, the authors summarize school counseling outcome research publishedbetween 1988 and 1995. Gysbers and Henderson’s (1994) comprehensivedevelopmental guidance model served as the organizing model through which thestatus of empirical literature regarding school counseling is examined. Results indicatedthat research focused more on remediation activities as compared to preventiveinterventions. This review found tentative support for career planning, group counseling,social skill training activities, and peer counseling. Practical implications and futureresearch direction are drawn from these conclusions.”http://www.counseling.org/publications/jcd/jcd_fall98.pdfDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Secondary Career Development InterventionsMichael WonacottThis “In Brief” discussion of the taxonomy of career development interventionsdeveloped by Dykeman and colleagues provides examples of each type of intervention,and how they can be used to produce desired outcomes.http://www.nccte.org/publications/infosynthesis/in-brief/in-brief13/inbrief13-interventions.pdfDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003The Career Thoughts Inventory (CTI) in Research and PracticeStacie H. Vernick”The purpose of this document is to provide an up-to-date analysis of what we havelearned about the Career Thoughts Inventory through the findings of various researchstudies. The negative career thoughts of a variety of populations have been studied,and several correlates to dysfunctional career thoughts have been identified.”http://icdl.uncg.edu/ft/060100-08.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/20038

The Cost/Benefits of Career Development Interventions: A Practitioner’s PerspectiveEdwin Herr” …In general, the national papers reviewed here suggest that the implementation ofcosts/benefits analyses as a national strategy has not become an empirical process, butrather a presumptive process; … in the sense that benefits are expected to flow fromthe implementation of career services, although such hypotheses have not been tested.This paper is an effort to synthesize the views of costs/benefits of career developmentinterventions for 14 nations and to consider the issue from a practitioner’s perspective.”http://www.crccanada.org/symposium/Issue%203%20-%20Ed%20Herr.docDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003The Effects of College Career Courses on Learner Outputs and OutcomesByron Folsom and Robert Reardon”This review of career course literature briefly traces the history of career courses incolleges and universities and reviews 40 reports of the effectiveness of the variouscareer planning courses offered in institutions of higher education throughout thecountry. …The paper concludes with an analysis of this body of research andimplications for further research in this area.”http://icdl.uncg.edu/ft/082400-01.html#ExecutiveDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003The Effects Of A Two-Semester Career Exploration Intervention Class On The CareerDevelopment Inventory Scores Of High School SeniorsMary O’Hara”A one-year career intervention fashioned as a class allowed daily contact between theteacher and students and significantly improved students’ awareness, concern, andcareer exploration behaviors. To a lesser degree, the class also improved the students’knowledge of the world of work and decision-making skills. Knowledge of the preferredoccupation did not have any significant change. Students who leave high school withhigh scores on both attitudinal and knowledge (CDA and CDK) not only say they areready to plan their careers, but they have some valid knowledge about careers and theworld of work.”http://icdl.uncg.edu/ft/080101-02.html#problemDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003The Impact of a Career Course on Retention and Academic PerformanceByron Folsom, Gary Peterson, Robert Reardon and Barbara Mann“This study sought to assess the impact of a career course on the retention andacademic performance of college students.” The course demonstrated a positiveimpact, though slight, on both credit hours taken to graduate and the number of coursewithdrawals executed prior to graduation. “These findings led to the conclusion thatcourse participants took significantly fewer credit hours to graduate and executedsignificantly fewer course withdrawals than non-participants.”www.career.fsu.edu/documents/technical%20reports/Technical%20Report%2034/Technical%20Report%2034.htm - 101kDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/20039

The Taxonomy of Career Development Interventions That Occur in America'sSecondary SchoolsCass Dykeman, Michael Ingram, Chris Wood, Sarah Charles, Meng-Yin Chen andEdwin L. HerrThe lack of a comprehensive listing of career development interventions for teenagershampers both practitioners and researchers in the area of career guidance. “To remedythis situation, the Career Development Research Team of the National Research Centerfor Career and Technical Education conducted research with the aim to (1) identify acomprehensive list of career development interventions that occur in America'ssecondary schools, and (2) create a taxonomy of the identified interventions.”http://ericcass.uncg.edu/digest/2001-04.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003What Are the Expected Benefits Associated with Implementing a ComprehensiveGuidance Program?R.T. Lapan, N.C. Gysbers and Y. SunA statewide evaluation study of the impact of more fully implemented guidanceprograms on the school experiences of high school students. “In schools with more fullyimplemented comprehensive guidance programs: students reported higher grades,better preparation for life after high school, were more likely to report that career andcollege information was readily available to them and were more likely to report apositive school climate.”http://www.umass.edu/schoolcounseling/CenterResearchBrief.pdfDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003What Works and What Doesn’t Work in Career Development ProgramsPaul StevensThis paper reports on recent research concerning career development programs. Issuesdiscussed include: starting a program, assuming ownership, partnership with theemployer, self-assessment tools, use of a career planning database, self-assessmentaccuracy, preferences for learning media, Stevens’ Model of Career Development,workshop design, manager as career coach, career exploration, rejuvenating theplateaued worker, multi-tasking preferences, coping with uncertainty, career decisionmaking, mentoring support, and bottom up succession planning.http://icdl.uncg.edu/ab/061200-07.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Work, Family, and Career Development: Implications for Persons, Policies, andPracticesSunny Hansen and Carole Minor“This chapter examines work, family, and career development results and theirimplications for individuals, policies, and career counseling practice within the NationalCareer Development Association, the National Center for Research in VocationalEducation and the National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee. Societaltrends which indicate new paradigms needed for career development are discussed andimplications for public and corporate policy and for career development practice throughcurriculum, counseling, and teacher and counselor education are examined.”10

http://icdl.uncg.edu/ab/061300-01c.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/2003Working Towards Effective Practices in Distance Career CounselingJames MaloneThe focus of this paper is the actual establishment of a working alliance or counselingrelationship through the use of technology and then the continuation of the counselingwork using technology-assisted methodologies such as synchronous/asynchronous e-mail, telecounseling and videoconferencing. “This digest focuses on initial research aswell as reports from actual distance career counseling practitioners and clients. It alsoexamines counseling techniques and interventions that work effectively. Briefcommentary addresses the importance of training and supervision for distance careercounselors.”http://ericcass.uncg.edu/digest/2002-03.htmlDownloaded from the World Wide Web 6/12/200311