Gem and Ornamental

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Greens me larger than hawksbills and me similarly found in warmseas worldwide. The young are carnivores but when mature theybecome vegemriom, grazing on algae and sermgrolsses in shallow waters.The scutes on the carapaa and the pksm are welded to the underlying bony layer, those on the carapaas usually displaying a beautiful,stre* pattern in oolours varying hm honey to greenish, and brownm black. The scutes are very thin and hgile compared with those ofthe hawlabill, but have been used for veneer. Green turtle shells aremore likely to be polished and sold whole, still attached to the bonylayer beneath, than sold as separate scutes for working.Loggerhead turtleLoggerhead turtles, Carem carem, are the largest of the three turtlesand, like the others, are primarily found in warm seas, although theynest in more temperate mas than the other species. They have largeheads and powerful jaws with which they can crush mstaceoms andthe other creatures that make up their prey.The scutes on the carapace of the loggerhead are not nearly as prettyas those of the other turtles, and are as thin and w e as those of thegreen turtle. Nonetheless the material has been used as tortoiseshell,though mainly as veneer. The shells me dso sold whole.Figure 8.5 Three tortoiseshell boxes: left, on white base; bottom, blond;right, natural.
Figure 8.6 Brush back with silver pi& work, and 'watermark' pattern.TREATMENTS AND USESTortoiseshell is dull and slightly rough until it has been polished. Theraw material displays a pattern of wavy lines on both the back and frontof the scutes that are presumed to be a form of growth nhgs. Over aperiod of time the poliahed d c e of hished tortoidell items dulls,and this pattern, commody referred to as 'watermarks', reappears8.6). It can be removed by repolishing,Figure 8.7Tortoiseshell card awes: left, pressed; right, &.
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Gem and OrnamentalMaterials of Orga
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Contents
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Introduction
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Photo credits
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AMBER AND COPAL 3Figure 1.1-Insect
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AMBER AND COPAL 5F M1.5 Poorly pres
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AMBHR AND COPAL 7Figure 1.7 Piece o
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10 GEMS AND ORNAMIWTAL MATBEUAZS OF
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12 GEMS AND ORNAMENTAL MA- OF ORGAN
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14 GaMs AND ORNAMENTAL ~~ OF ORGANI
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20 GHMS AND ORNAMlNTAL MATBRIAIS OF
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22 GEMS AND ORNAMHNTAL MATERMIS OF
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24 GEMS AND ORNAMENTAL MATERIMS OF
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AMBER AND COPAL 29Figure 1.34 Piece
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AMBER AND COPAL 35- - -Figure 1,37
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Figure 1.39 Amber and ivmy casket,
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40 GEMS AND ORNAMHNTAL MATERMIS OF
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42 GEMS AND ORNAMENTAL MATBElIALS O
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F I 2.6 Jet simuht showing uneven c
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Figure 2.9Vulcanite chain linlc whi
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Figure 2,12tesLJet simulant bead, a
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54 GaMs AND ORNAMENTAL ~~ OF ORGANI
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58 GaMs AND ORNAMENTAL MIXRIMS OF O
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The fedes dso any tu& though theirs
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mything hm fish and birds to the la
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70 GEMS AND ORNAMHNTAL MATERIALS OF
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Figure 3.9'Ivorine' plah he&, imimt
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+Even,76 GEMS AND ORNAMWTAL MA- OF
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Page 100: 4 Bone
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Page 108 and 109: 5 Antler
Page 113 and 114: Figure 5*3 Tupilakof reindeer antle
Page 117 and 118: 6 Rhino horn
Page 119: 104 GaMs AND ORNAMHNTAL MATERMIS OF
Page 123 and 124: 7 Horn
Page 126 and 127: HORN 111
Page 128: Figme 7.4Various modem horn items.F
Page 132 and 133: ~igare 7.8 Hmn s m m m under mad-po
Page 135 and 136: aq ppo g 'my1103 3emdmw Po02 ta apt
Page 138: Figure 7.13 Horn p d t by Mme Bone.
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Page 146 and 147: Figure 8.8w=.Detail of pmsed card c
Page 148 and 149: Figure 8.11 Tomkhell dressing table
Page 150: Figure 8.13colour .Plastic imimtiug
Page 157 and 158: 9 Pearl
Page 160 and 161: Figure 9.2 Broken blister pearl in
Page 163 and 164: America. The pearls were plentiful,
Page 165 and 166: 150 GHMs AND 0-AL MA- OF ORGANIC OR
Page 167: 152 GEMS AND OKNAMENTAL ~~ OF ORGAN
Page 170 and 171: Figure 9,12 DyedChinese &&waterpear
Page 172 and 173: masn q~w q ma^ umqmd pamapnu pamp n
Page 175 and 176: Figure 9,17Cultured pearl, ahowing
Page 178: Figure 9.22Coated p hk bead with wo
Page 184: 10 Shell
Page 187 and 188: Figure 10.2Cowrie ahells: natural a
Page 190 and 191: Figure 10.5Three opercula (magn5ed)
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178 GEMS AND ORNAMENTAL MAlXRlMS OF
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180 GaMs AND ORNAMHNTAL MATBRIALS O
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of the shell is lost. It is usually
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184 GHMs AND ORNAMENTAL MATERIALS O
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××
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11 Coral
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Tlis order covers soft corals, but
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198 GBMs AND ORNAMENTAL MATBRIALS O
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200 G W AND ORNAMENTAL MATERIMS OF
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202 G W AND ORMAMENTAL MA-OF ORGANI
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204 GEMS AND OKNAMENTAL MATERIMS OF
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206 GHhZs AND ORNAMENTAL MllRUU OF
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210 GaMs AND ORN-AL MATERIM3 OF ORG
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212 GaMs AND ORN-AL MATERIAIS OF OR
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12 Miscellaneous organics
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222 GEMS AND 0-AL MA- OF ORGANIC OR
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Figure 12.5 Chinme lacquer brooch (
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Figure 12.8Vegetable ivorg structur
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MIScELIANROUS ORGANICS 233Figme 12.
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Figum 12.12 Two demtive cups of osi
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Figare 13,lShellac Union case.Shell
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244 GEMS AND OKNAMENTAL MATERIMS OF
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246 GaMs AND 0-AL MATERIMS OF ORGAN
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Glossary×
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