Gem and Ornamental

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CORAL 203Figure 11,12Brown bamboo coral: necklace and mu&.Figme 11,13Detail of dyed bamboo cod, showing accumulation of dye.
204 GEMS AND OKNAMENTAL MATERIMS OF ORGANIC ORIGINAnother Mediterranean black coral is Germ&, of the orderZoanthhiaria. It is brownih to black, with a smooth surface, and cangrow to 2 metres tall with a very sturdy 'W. It has been lmown andused for centuries.Gorgonian black corals of the order Alcyonacea are also used forgem purposes. They have no central canal, and their growth rings maybe more irregular than those of the antipatharians. Their texture is alsomore fibrous and nwer displays any translucency. Gorgonians nwerhave spines, but may have h e grooves (Fii. 11.19).Both antipatharim and gorgonim corals can also occur in goldenvmieties. Here there is wen more difficulty in identifying the specieswith absolute accuracy, as black cord can be bleached to a goldencolour. The bleach can permeate quite deep into the cod, and it canbe impossible to tell - without complicated tmts - whether the goldencolour is natural or bleached (Figs 11.17 and 11.18).Fosdkd c dFossilised corals used today are of the orders Scler-, Rugosa andTabdata. The latter two are extinct. All three types of c d hadFigure 11.14-.Black antipatharian d rough and beads. Top and &ads
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Gem and OrnamentalMaterials of Orga
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Contents
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Introduction
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Photo credits
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AMBER AND COPAL 3Figure 1.1-Insect
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AMBER AND COPAL 5F M1.5 Poorly pres
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AMBHR AND COPAL 7Figure 1.7 Piece o
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10 GEMS AND ORNAMIWTAL MATBEUAZS OF
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12 GEMS AND ORNAMENTAL MA- OF ORGAN
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14 GaMs AND ORNAMENTAL ~~ OF ORGANI
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20 GHMS AND ORNAMlNTAL MATBRIAIS OF
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22 GEMS AND ORNAMHNTAL MATERMIS OF
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24 GEMS AND ORNAMENTAL MATERIMS OF
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AMBER AND COPAL 29Figure 1.34 Piece
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AMBER AND COPAL 35- - -Figure 1,37
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Figure 1.39 Amber and ivmy casket,
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40 GEMS AND ORNAMHNTAL MATERMIS OF
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42 GEMS AND ORNAMENTAL MATBElIALS O
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F I 2.6 Jet simuht showing uneven c
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Figure 2.9Vulcanite chain linlc whi
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Figure 2,12tesLJet simulant bead, a
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54 GaMs AND ORNAMENTAL ~~ OF ORGANI
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58 GaMs AND ORNAMENTAL MIXRIMS OF O
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The fedes dso any tu& though theirs
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mything hm fish and birds to the la
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70 GEMS AND ORNAMHNTAL MATERIALS OF
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Figure 3.9'Ivorine' plah he&, imimt
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+Even,76 GEMS AND ORNAMWTAL MA- OF
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80 GBMs AND ORN-AL MATERMIS OF ORGA
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4 Bone
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88 GEMS AND ORNAMWTAL MA- OF ORGANI
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5 Antler
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Figure 5*3 Tupilakof reindeer antle
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6 Rhino horn
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104 GaMs AND ORNAMHNTAL MATERMIS OF
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7 Horn
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HORN 111
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Figme 7.4Various modem horn items.F
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~igare 7.8 Hmn s m m m under mad-po
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aq ppo g 'my1103 3emdmw Po02 ta apt
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Figure 7.13 Horn p d t by Mme Bone.
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126 GEM AND ORNAMENTAL MATERMU OF O
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Greens me larger than hawksbills an
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Figure 8.8w=.Detail of pmsed card c
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Figure 8.11 Tomkhell dressing table
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Figure 8.13colour .Plastic imimtiug
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9 Pearl
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Figure 9.2 Broken blister pearl in
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America. The pearls were plentiful,
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150 GHMs AND 0-AL MA- OF ORGANIC OR
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Page 170 and 171: Figure 9,12 DyedChinese &&waterpear
Page 172 and 173: masn q~w q ma^ umqmd pamapnu pamp n
Page 175 and 176: Figure 9,17Cultured pearl, ahowing
Page 178: Figure 9.22Coated p hk bead with wo
Page 184: 10 Shell
Page 187 and 188: Figure 10.2Cowrie ahells: natural a
Page 190 and 191: Figure 10.5Three opercula (magn5ed)
Page 193 and 194: 178 GEMS AND ORNAMENTAL MAlXRlMS OF
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Page 197 and 198: of the shell is lost. It is usually
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Page 202: ××
Page 207: 11 Coral
Page 211 and 212: Tlis order covers soft corals, but
Page 213 and 214: 198 GBMs AND ORNAMENTAL MATBRIALS O
Page 215 and 216: 200 G W AND ORNAMENTAL MATERIMS OF
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Page 221 and 222: 206 GHhZs AND ORNAMENTAL MllRUU OF
Page 225 and 226: 210 GaMs AND ORN-AL MATERIM3 OF ORG
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Page 234 and 235: 12 Miscellaneous organics
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Page 243 and 244: Figure 12.5 Chinme lacquer brooch (
Page 245 and 246: Figure 12.8Vegetable ivorg structur
Page 248 and 249: MIScELIANROUS ORGANICS 233Figme 12.
Page 250: Figum 12.12 Two demtive cups of osi
Page 256 and 257: Figare 13,lShellac Union case.Shell
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Glossary×
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