Pathology of the Head and Neck

38 N. Gale · N. Zidar1study of 258 consecutive patients. J Laryngol Otol 115:112–118365. Vaidya MM, Sawant SS, Borges AM, Ogale SB, Bhisey AN(1998) Cytokeratin expression in precancerous lesions of thehuman oral cavity. Oral Oncol 34:261–264366. Vedtofte P, Holmstrup P, Hjorting-Hansen E, Pindborg JJ(1987) Surgical treatment of premalignant lesions of the oralmucosa. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 16:656–664367. Velden LA van der, Schaafsma HE, Manni JJ, Ruiter DJ, RamaekersFCS, Kuijpers W (1997) Cytokeratin expression innormal epithelium and squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 254:376–383368. Violaris NS, O’Neill D, Helliwell TR, Caslin AW, Roland NJ,Jones AS (1994) Soft tissue cervical metastases of squamouscarcinoma of the head and neck. Clin Otolaryngol 19:394–399369. Volavšek M, Bračko M, Gale N (2003) Distribution and prognosticsignificance of cell cycle proteins in squamous carcinomaof the larynx, hypopharynx and adjacent epithelial hyperplasticlesions. J Laryngol Otol 117:286–293370. Vural E, Hutcheson J, Korourian S, Kechelava S, Hanna E(2000) Correlation of neural cell adhesion molecules withperineural spread of squamous cell carcinoma of the headand neck. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 122:717–720371. Waal I van der, Schepman KP, van der Meij EH, Smeele LE(1997) Oral leukoplakia: a clinicopathological review. OralOncol 33:291–301372. Wain SL, Kier R, Volmer RT, Bossen EH (1986) Basaloidsquamouscarcinoma of the tongue, hypopharynx, and larynx.Report of 10 cases. Hum Pathol 17:1158–1166373. Waldron CA, Shafer WG. Leukoplakia revisited (1975) Aclinicopathologic study 3256 oral leukoplakias. Cancer36:1386–1392374. Ward KA, Napier SS, Winter PC, Maw RD, Dinsmore WW(1995) Detection of human papilloma virus DNA sequencesin oral squamous cell papillomas by the polymerase chain reaction.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod80:63–66375. Wenig BM (2002) Squamous cell carcinoma of the upperaerodigestive tract: precursors and problematic variants.Mod Pathol 15:229–254376. Wiernik G, Millard PR, Haybittle JL (1991) The predictivevalue of histological classification into degrees of differentiationof squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynxcompared with the survival of patients. Histopathology19:411–417377. Winzenburg SM, Niehans GA, George E, Daly K, Adams GL(1997) Basaloid squamous carcinoma: a clinical comparisonof two histologic types with poorly differentiated squamouscell carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 119:471–475378. Wolf GT, Fisher SG, Truelson JM, Beals TF (1994) DNA contentand regional metastases in patients with advanced laryngealsquamous carcinoma. Laryngoscope 104:479–483379. Woolgar JA (1999) Micrometastasis in oral/oropharyngealsquamous cell carcinoma: incidence, histopathological featuresand clinical implications. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg37:181–186380. Woolgar JA, Rogers SN, Lowe D, Brown JS, Vaughan ED(2003) Cervical lymph node metastasis in oral cancer: theimportance of even microscopic extracapsular spread. OralOncol 39:130–137381. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours (2005)Pathology and genetics of tumours of the head and neck.IARC, Lyon382. Yilmaz T, Hoşal AŞ, Gedikoğlu G, Kaya S (1999) Prognosticsignificance of histopathological parameters in cancer of thelarynx. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 256:139–144383. Yilmaz T, Hoşal AS, Gedikoĝlu G, Őnerci M, Gürsel B (1998)Prognostic significance of vascular and perineural invasionin cancer of the larynx. Am J Otolaryngol 19:83–88384. Yoshihara T, Yamamura Y (1997) An unusual case of laryngealcarcinoma metastasizing to the small intestine. J LaryngolOtol 111:575–577385. Yoshimura Y, Mishima K, Obara S, Yoshimura H, MaruyamaR (2003) Clinical characteristics of oral adenosquamous carcinoma:report of a case and an analysis of the reported Japanesecases. Oral Oncol 39:309–315386. Young SK, Min KW (1991) In situ DNA hybridization analysisof oral papillomas, leukoplakias, and carcinomas forhuman papillomavirus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol71:726–729387. Yucel OT, Yilmaz T, Unal OF, Turan E (1999) Distant metastasesin laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin CancerRes 18:285–288388. Zaatari GS, Santoianni RA (1986) Adenoid squamous cellcarcinoma of the nasopharynx and neck region. Arch PatholLab Med 110:542–546389. Zain RB (2001) Cultural and dietary risk factors of oral cancerand precancer – a brief overview. Oral Oncol 37:205–210390. Zakrzewska JM, Lopes V, Speight P, Hopper C (1996) Proliferativeverrucous leukoplakia: a report of ten cases. OralSurg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 82:396–401391. Zarbo RJ, Crissman JD, Venkat H, Weiss MA (1986) Spindle-cellcarcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract mucosa.An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of 18 biphasictumors and comparison with seven monophasic spindle-celltumors. Am J Surg Pathol 10:741–753392. Zbären P, Borisch B, Lang H, Greiner R (1997) Undifferentiatedcarcinoma of nasopharyngeal type of the laryngopharyngealregion. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 117:688–693393. Zbären P, Lehmann W (1987) Frequency and sites of distantmetastases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Ananalysis of 101 cases at autopsy. Arch Otolaryngol Head NeckSurg 11:762–764394. Zidar N, Gale N, Cör A, Kambič V (1996) Expression of Ki-67 antigen and proliferative cell nuclear antigen in benignand malignant epithelial lesions of the larynx. J LaryngolOtol 110:440–445395. Zidar N, Gale N, Kambič V, Fischinger J (2001) Expression oftenascin and fibronectin in benign epithelial hyperplastic lesionsand squamous carcinoma of the larynx. Anticancer Res21:451–454396. Zidar N, Gale N, Kambič V, Fischinger J (2002) Proliferationof myofibroblasts in the stroma of epithelial hyperplasticlesions and squamous carcinoma of the larynx. Oncology62:381–385