SPORT SCIENCE - Professional Tennis Registry

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Special Considerations for Female AthletesSome female athletes face complex issues regarding nutrition and health. 18 In training,many young female athletes have relative weakness in the knees, which tend to go inward(sometimes referred to as knee valgus position) when they lower the body or jump. Oftendue to weak hip stabilizers, hamstrings and landing, this effect (knee valgus) is oftenconnected to ACL injuries among female athletes. About 75% to 90% of ACL injuries areamong females. In rigorous movement, the ACL moves and may get pinched, which canrupture or tear the ACL. Research shows that neuromuscular training can help reduce ACLinjuries. 19 Essentially, that means when doing jump plyometrics, it is recommended to trainwith good form and to gradually build strength and complexity over time, especially withfemale athletes.PTR Practical On Court Applications for Sport Science 24
The Most Common <strong>Tennis</strong> Injuries and PreventionDr. Pluim and co-workers 20 conducted a comprehensive study of all research literature ontennis injuries from 1966-2006. They found great variance in the studies due to lack ofmethodology, meaning the studies had different conclusions since they were not consistentwith each other. Problems that typically arise include defining injury severity in terms of timelost, requiring treatment or hospital admission, or costs per injury. On extremes, some studiesinclude blisters and sunburns as injuries, while others only include acute injuries requiringemergency hospital visits. Several studies investigating gender found no significantdifferences between men and women, although some studies indicate there may be amarginally higher rate of injury among men. Some studies found that there is little effect of skilllevel on injuries. That is, a higher level player might be as likely to get injured as a novice whomight be under less stress (e.g., slower balls, slower movement), but is less trained and,therefore, might get hurt despite lower stressors.Most injuries in tennis are microtraumas, often overuse injuries. Microtraumatic injuries aremore common in the upper body and extremities. Acute macrotrauma (i.e., sudden injuriesinvolving a single force) usually occurs in the lower body. A typical macrotrauma might be asprained ankle. Common upper body injuries include lateral epicondylitis (i.e., tennis elbow),medial epicondylitis (golfer’s elbow), rotator cuff tendinitis, muscle strains and stress factures.Among young players, growth plate injuries may also occur.In a review, Kibler and Safran 21 reported that among junior players, the most common area ofinjuries involve lower extremities (39% to 59%), followed by upper extremities (20% to 45%),and finally central core (i.e., head and torso) at 11% to 30%. Studies were fairly consistent inthat order. The two most common lower extremity injuries are the ankle and thigh. In theupper body, shoulder injuries are most frequent, followed by elbow injuries. That order forjunior players is probably reversed for older players given the higher number of one-handedbackhands among adults. Pluim et al reported the most common injury was tennis elbow withan incidence rate of 9% to 35% and prevalence rate of 14% to 41%, depending on the study.Keep in mind, however, that review was from 1966-2006, which includes many years theone-handed backhand was the predominant technique.In addition, juniors might put more stress on the shoulder due to too early learning of kickserves, poor use of legs for upward acceleration, and overuse of the back. Overextending theshoulder and weak shoulder stabilizer muscles can contribute to shoulder injuries, such asimpingement or rotator injuries. It is very important that teaching professionals ensure theirplayers learn the appropriate biomechanics of efficient strokes from a very early age. This notonly helps improve performance, it also reduces the likelihood of injuries.PTR Practical On Court Applications for Sport Science 25
Page 1 and 2: Practical On Court Applications for
Page 3 and 4: ContentsAbout this Publication 3Par
Page 5 and 6: About this PublicationSport science
Page 7 and 8: SpecificitySpecificity means employ
Page 9 and 10: The Physical Demands of TennisThere
Page 11: First Step (Service Line Repeaters)
Page 14 and 15: How the Kinetic Chain WorksMost coa
Page 16 and 17: Planning Training and Playing Sched
Page 18 and 19: Periodization for Players who Compe
Page 20 and 21: 1. Be aware of the temperature, hum
Page 22 and 23: Caloric and Nutritional NeedsToday,
Page 24 and 25: Protein Consumption for Tennis Play
Page 28 and 29: In an ongoing study at this writing
Page 30 and 31: Stretching for TennisStretching is
Page 32 and 33: Best Practices for the Warm UpA war
Page 34 and 35: During a tournament, from match to
Page 36 and 37: Strength TrainingTraditional streng
Page 38 and 39: Deliberate PracticeIn the early 197
Page 40 and 41: PART IIThe information provided in
Page 42 and 43: FroggersStand upright with shoulder
Page 44 and 45: Arm HugsStand upright with shoulder
Page 46 and 47: Essential Cool Down StretchesThere
Page 48 and 49: Crossed Arm StretchHold the left ar
Page 50 and 51: 90/90 External Shoulder RotationUse
Page 52 and 53: Single Arm/Single Leg RowWith the r
Page 54 and 55: Exercises to Strengthen/Stabilize C
Page 56 and 57: Kneeling Super Dog (Bird Dog)Start
Page 58 and 59: Power Exercises with a Medicine Bal
Page 60 and 61: Medicine Ball Granny TossStand hold
Page 62 and 63: Lower Body ExercisesThere are many
Page 64 and 65: Exercises to Strengthen the ServeTh
Page 66 and 67: Single Leg Jump to Romanian Deadlif
Page 68 and 69: V - Volley DrillPlace two cones equ
Page 70 and 71: Additional ResourcesT.R. Bachle, R.
Page 72 and 73: References1. G. Smekal, S.P. von Du
Page 74 and 75: 26. T.F. Tyler, G.C., Thompson, S.J

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