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Swan 45 Tuning Guide - Sailmaker.org

Swan 45 Tuning Guide - Sailmaker.org

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<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong><strong>Tuning</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>Rig <strong>Tuning</strong>Target speeds and anglesHeadsail TrimMainsail TrimSpinnakersExpert TipsFaster by Designwww.northsails.com<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> set-up instructions using North Sails. Suitable for all North <strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> sail designs. Valid for all North Sails designs as ofJanuary 2005. Current <strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> Class Rule is available at: www.naut<strong>org</strong>roup.com/racingevents/download/classrulev03-2.pdf.For current information from Nautor/<strong>Swan</strong>: www.naut<strong>org</strong>roup.com


<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> <strong>Tuning</strong> <strong>Guide</strong><strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong>Gold Cup 2004North customers...4 of top 58 of top 108 of 9 racesCongratulations!Rig <strong>Tuning</strong>Setting up the sparStep #1Step carbon spar onto adjustable mast step.Step #2aAdjust mast step such that the forward faceof the carbon spar is located 58cm behindthe aft face of the forward cabin bulkhead.This applies to most boats (refer to photo).Step #2bSet the spar position fully aft in the partnerhole for maximum “J”. Value is 5.40 metersmeasured from headstay CL at stem shearintersect.Step#3With the upper and lower shrouds not quite“hand tight” shift the hounds left or rightsuch that the hounds are in the center.Use the centerline Headsail halyard for themeasurement to the cap shroud tangs.Step#4Locate a permanent reference point on theside of the spar 1.3 meters below the topedge of the gooseneck “white band” on theside of the spar. This should be just above thepartner hole.


<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> <strong>Tuning</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>Step#5Using the centerline headsail halyard, swingthe halyard to the TuffLuff headstay andmake a reference mark on the TuffLuff. Thehalyard is tensioned by hand to the locatorpoint on the side of the spar in Step#4and then swung to the headstay whilemaintaining the same tension.Step#6Measuring from the thwartship clevis pinwhich attaches the headstay to the stemfitting adjust the headstay turnbuckle untilthe distance from the clevis pin center tothe reference arc mark on the headstayis 1.25m. This is the light air base setting.Note: Headstay load should be 1000 psi foran accurate measurement of headstay .1.24mSwing centerline Halyard forthe headstay “arc.” Swing fromthe mast near partner hole tothe TuffLuff as shown. Adjustturnbuckle until arc is 1.25m.This is “light air base.”Measure 1.30 meters down from top of thiswhite band. Swing arc to the headstay andmake an indelible mark. Adjust the headstayturnbuckle until the distance from theheadstay pin to the mark is 1.25 meters. Thisheadstay length is suitable for 7 knots true ifyou prefer to sail with maximum rake. (LightAir Base setting)whiteband


<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> <strong>Tuning</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>Step #7With rig in the middle and diagonalshrouds loose and backstay off, jack therig up until the jack value (psi) reads 2000.To reach light air base setting for the D1and D2 ease D1 by 4 turns and D2 by threeturns.Step#8Mark your S 1(bottom spreader) and S 2withreflective tape from the center of the sailgroove.S1 = 93cm from center at back of sparand spreader.S2 = 70cm from center at back of sparand spreader.NOTE: You should expect the rig to settleafter use in strong winds. Some yachtsencountered approximately 1000 psivariation after 6 days of sailing.Upwind in light air (4-8 vt)• Set headstay arc measurement at =1.25m.• Jack pressure is approximately 2000# onthe upstroke.• D1 and D2 are very loose and visiblysagging.• You should see the rig spooned toleeward (Sag) with the tip to windwardslightly when fully trimmed.• Headstay should wobble in a smallseaway.• Butt 2.25cm aft of full fwd.• Tighten D1 by 3 x 360°• Tighten Caps by 3 x 360°Jack pressure should now be approximately4000#, and you should see the maststraight sideways.Upwind in Heavy Air (16-25 vt)From medium air measurements...• Shorten headstay further until arcmeasurement is 1.23m.• Tighten D1 by 4 x 360°• Tighten Caps by 5 x 360°Jack pressure should be approximately6000#, and you should see the D1 andD2 slightly to windward with mast tip toleeward approx. 2cm.For Offshore sailing with an eyetoward headsail reachingFrom heavy set-up...• Shorten headstay 12 turns.• Ease Upper shrouds approximately 5turns.• Add 2 turns to the lower diagonals.• Move mast butt aft 2cm. to 60cm as perStep #2.The boat will now sail at higher angles ofheel without excessive rudder pressure.Diagonals and mast tip should look thesame as for heavy air.The maximum tension on the backstay isapproximately 4200 PSI. The rig should beaggressively but evenly bent at that time.Upwind in medium Air (9-15 vt)From light air measurements...• Shorten headstay until arc measurementis 1.24m.


<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> <strong>Tuning</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>Target Speeds and AnglesUpwind TargetsOptimum Sail TWS Speed TWA AWALight Jib 4 4.8 44 20Light Jib 5 6.2 41.3 20.3Light Jib 6 7.0 39.3 20Light Jib 7 7.4 36.1 20.9Light Jib 8 7.6 35.3 21.7Medium Jib 12 7.7 35.4 23Medium Jib 14 7.8 35.9 24.3Medium Jib 16 7.8 36.7 24.3Heavy Jib 18 7.9 37.2 26.9Heavy Jib 20 7.9 37.4 27.3Heavy Jib 22 8.0 37.6 27.9HWJ 24 8.0 38 29HWJ 26 8.0 38 29Downwind TargetsSail TWS Speed TWA AWA1A 4 3.9 143 74.51A 6 5.2 143 831A 8 6.7 143 861A 10 7.1 150 1082A / 2S 12 7.5 156 1262A / 2S 14 7.7 169 1572A / 2S 16 8.2 173 1662A / 2S 18 8.6 175 1714A / 4S 20 9.1 174 1694A / 4S 22 9.6 173 1674A / 4S 24 10.1 172 166Target speeds and angles are based on the original work of Jim Teters. For updates, please contact Jim at hise-mail address: jim@tytech.<strong>org</strong>.


<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> <strong>Tuning</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>Headsail Trim Jib TrimLight Headsail in 8 knots true windspeed. Backstay is tensioned to 2900 lbs.Note headsail leech close to trim marks on spreaders.Medium headsail in 17 knots true windspeed...looking good!


<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> <strong>Tuning</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>Heavy jib nicely trimmed in 20 knots true windspeedNote, the jib leech reference marks nearthe middle of each spreader (see redarrows) in relation to the leech. Leechon the heavy jib is set-up to fly far moreopen than the light or medium in orderto allow faster sailing without backwindon the mainsail. Sheeting angle isapproximately 10°.NOTE: Sheeting angleand clew position ofheavy jib is approxi. 8°.


<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> <strong>Tuning</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>Mainsail TrimThe mainsail trimmer’s job is to producea wide range of shapes using an array oftools. The trimmer’s toolbox includes:• Outhaul and sheet tension control depthand twist.• Cunningham can be key in strongerwinds. Adjusts draft throughout themain.• Boom vang to even up the entry angleand control low bend fore and aft.• Traveller controls sheeting angle andhow fast the boat builds speed.• Backstay tension determines the camberof the mainsail via mast bend.• Headstay length...shorter for less prebendand longer for more. Modifies lowdepth.• Mast bend, fore-aft and sideways.Controls draft and camber.• Batten, stiffness and tension. Moves thedraft fore and aft.• Spreader sweep (more or less) controlswhere the mast bends.• Butt position (fore and aft.) controlsmast bend.• Mainsheet is critical in controling shape.


<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> <strong>Tuning</strong> <strong>Guide</strong><strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> 3DL 860 Carbon/Aramid MainsailFeatures• Full-length top batten with softforward end.• Four Carbon Seaman battenswith two extras for light air.Refinements for 2005• Additional roach in upper half• 3DL lens foot• Increased high wind capacity• Increased curvature in lowleech for better pointing whileunderpowered.• Optional window for class racing• New advanced load bearingfiber layout based on Alinghi ACdesigns.3DL 860 laminate features ablend of high-modulus Carbon andAramid fibers.


<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> <strong>Tuning</strong> <strong>Guide</strong><strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> main in lightest of airFor Upwind in lightair : 4-8 vt:• Jack press. approx.2000# (on upstroke)• Rig: 6mm sidewayssag with mast tipslightly to windward• Headstay shouldwobble comfortablyin a small seaway• Butt 2.25cm behindfull forward• Backstay andouthaul fully eased• No Cunningham or vang• Traveler 30cm to windward of center• Arc: for all main stuffMainsail shape in 10-14 true windspeedThis is the optimumshape for sailing at fullspeed and pointing.• Top batten is 3 0above boom parallel.• Batten selectionis the softestcombination possibleto allow draft tomove aft as much aspossible, minimizinginterference withheadsail.• Mast butt is slightlyaft to induce somelow bend.• No vang or Cunningham tension is applied.• Boom end is 30 cm above centerline.


<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> <strong>Tuning</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>Mainsail shape in 16 knots true windspeedThis is a fast shape for the upper end ofthe medium or bottom of the heavy.• Cunningham pulled to remove wrinklesplus 2cm• Outhaul out to white band at boom end• Vang has 75 lbs. of pull on the finalpurchase.• Headstay shortened to produce an arcor 1.23m.• Caps/D1s and D2s are tightened by6x360 °• Mast Jack is showing approximately6400 PSI• Traveller is 2/3 down


<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> <strong>Tuning</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>High speed sailingwith the A4 andheavy weather jib!SpinnakersDownwind rangesand crossoverbetween sailsIn winds from 4-12 knotsthe A1 is the best sail sincethe optimum apparent windangle progresses from 75°AWA all the way to 120°AWA. Once 120° AWA hasbeen reached, the polewants to square more than3 meters; indicating it’s timeto change to the A2 or S2.There are differing opinionsto whether asymmetrics orsymmetrics are faster in theclass. Time will tell.S2A2


<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> <strong>Tuning</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>The North A1 ClassAsymmetric• True Wind Speed range 5-10true• True wind Angle range 71 ° -120 °• Optimum apparent wind anglefrom 85 ° -110°. Use tweaker ifcaught above optimum TWS.• Cloth choice: AirX 500 orNorLite 50/60• Sail is close to cross overwith the A2. Two boat testingindicates the cross over lies at12-13 knots or when you canhold speed with a true windangle greater than 152 ° .NOTE: In 9-12 knots truewindspeed with only one personin the cockpit the fore aft trimcould be improved by movingmore crew weight forward.Backstay and outhaul are eased.Attention is paid to keepboatspeed at the posted target.If boatspeed is allowed to dropby sailing low, the net VMG lossdue to the subsequent speedbuildoutweighs the short termVMG gain.


<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> <strong>Tuning</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>The North 2A classasymmetrics• True Wind Speed range 16-25° true• T rue wind Angle range 150°-167°• Optimum apparent windangle from 120°-165°CLOTH CHOICE:• AirX 600/700 for the 2A• 700/900 for the 4A• NorLite 60/50ABOVE: In 15 knots the boatshould be sailed with neutralhelm and 3° weather heel. Thecrew is evenly split on the portand starboard side.Luff projection to windward ishelped by the weather heel.


<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> <strong>Tuning</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>Jibing an asymmetric spinnaker with a poleBy Robbie Haines.Onboard RUSH, we have a dedicatedwinches for pulling in the “snout” line priorto gibing.When a gybe is called, the afterguy isreleased and the snout line is overhauledas close to the bow as possible. Becausethe tack comes closer to centerline, thehelmsman will have to sail slightly higherin order to keep the Asymetric full. As soonas the afterguy is released the tack of theAsymetric is brought in to centerline andthe helmsman can then start turning theboat. Once the helmsman gets the boatDDW, the old sheet is released very quickly.The person on this needs to make surethat the line has no snags and runs veryeasily and quickly. Once the sail flies past


<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> <strong>Tuning</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>the bow and is almost on centerline, thehelmsman, now holding the boat DDWfor only a few seconds, can make his turnto the new course. The new sheet needsto be pulled in extremely fast. Having adedicated person over handing the newsheet helps get it in faster and keepsthe spinnaker from wrapping. It’s veryimportant that the spinnaker be full whenchanging course down to DDW and notcollapsed.Some key points are:• The helmsman’s course during the gibingprocess can make or break a good gybe.Knowing how long to keep the boat DDWso the trimmers can keep up is important.• Having a good feel for what the newcourse/angle will be also make for a bettergybe.• Having the old sheet run free VERYquickly is key. A snag in a block orsomeone stepping on the sheet will ruin agybe.mainsail first while the spinnaker is all theway eased and way in front of the boat.Then work on pulling in the new sheet.• After releasing the afterguy and whilethe tack is on the snout line the helmsmanshould not worry about the pole. The sailwill fly nicely on the snout line provided thehelmsman sails a slightly higher course inorder to keep the spinnaker full. The onlytime this is a bit hairy is in lots of wind. Theboat becomes a bit unstable when one hasto sail a higher course. Getting the poleback to the tack and pulled aft is importantin big breeze for control.Again, the helmsman basically controlswhether the spinnaker stays full incooperation with the trimmers. And again,having a fast way to get the snout linedown is important. Having the snout linepulled in to the bow is not importantbecause the spinnaker will fly fine with iteased. It’s just that the spinnaker and boatare more controllable with the tack closerto the bow.• If the spinnaker starts wrapping aroundthe headstay the helmsman needs to goback to the old gybe before the spinnakerwraps in a knot.• The bow man must position the new lazysheet on the Gybeulator during the gybeand make 100% certain that the lazy sheetcannot go under the bow.• In heavy air, concentrate on gibing the


<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> <strong>Tuning</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>Steve Benjamin: Crew weightdistribution for winds under 12 is bestwith two people in front of the uppershrouds going upwind. In winds under sixknots try three people in front of the uppershroud.Tom McLaughlin: Rig tension at #4000is very good for winds between 10-14knots true.Wally Henry: Tune mastto sag sideways (approx.4cm) for winds from 0-14. This requires loosediagonals.Andreas Josenhans: Sail testing hasshown the light headsail is very good upto 13 knots.Jody Lutz: When sailing VMG anglesdownwind keep the boatspeed at targetor the speed will plummet. If speed doesplummet, the speed build will be glacial.Dave Scott: Headsail must be leadwell forward to add foot depth and besubstantially in-hauled this technique addsfeel and pointing for the light headsail.The jib should carry foot depth all theway down to the deck in very light air.However, as wind speed builds, the leadmust go aft to reduce drag and allow theboat to speed up and point high.Kevin Dailey: When sailing downwindwith the A1, the crew should be wellforward, with at least four people aheadHot Tipsfrom experts who havesailed the <strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong>of the upper shroud. In some cases thereshould be six people ahead of the uppershroud. This will reduce wetted surface.Tom MacLaughlin: Optimum set-up for7-9 VT. was with clew over SS handrail andlead well forward for additional depth.Specifically for the light headsail.Chris Williams: TheMedium design is veryfast above 10 VT.Andreas Josenhans:Rig tuning for 15+requires the leewardupper shrouds to havetension while fully trimmed and crewed.Will Keyworth: When sailing downwindin winds over 14 there should be slightweather heel (3-5 degrees) to maximizewindward luff projection.Bill Liberty: Try to get as much extragear out of the boat as possible for bestspeed in the light air of Long Island Sound.Chris Larson: The A1 flies optimally withthe inboard end of the pole just above thegooseneck in light air.Kevin Dailey: When sailing upwind invery light air, pull the traveler to windwarduntil the boom is 30cm above thecenterline. The traveler car will be 30cmbelow the top.Matt Beck: In light air upwind the


<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> <strong>Tuning</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>backstay must be fully eased to preventthe main leech from getting fouled intacks and jibes.Andreas Josenhans: Coat the A1 withMcLube. During light-air jibes, the sail willslide across the headstay more easily.David Hirsch: For optimum mainsail trimin 8 knots, sheet the main very hard andthen play the traveler to keep the boat inthe groove.Brad Read explains: If the rig isbouncing around in light air while sailingdownwind, tie the D1 to the cap shroudwith a sail tie to prevent the shrouds frombanging around.Jordan Murphy/Phil Gow (trimmers):For smooth jibes use the cabin topwinches for the guy. This will allow for abetter transfer of the asymmetric sheets.Jim Monks (trimmer aboardGoombay), suggests the A1 is bestflown in light air with a two-panel curlwhile over 8 knots of windspeed it shouldbe flown with a minimal curl in orderto expose the maximum sail area to thewind.Neil Mackley: Be sure to order the fullrace package from Nautor since all thedetails will be right and ready to race.Kevin Dailey: Add purchase to the vangfor better control of the main leech in over14 knots of breeze.Matt Beck: Good upwind speed in lightair is developed only when the backstay isapplied, allowing a drag reduction whichthen permits a further speed build.Kevin Burnham: For light air downwindsailing you cannot have more than thehelmsman and one trimmer in the cockpit.North Sails <strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> ClassOptimum Inventory 3DL 860L 22400 dpi loose-footbolt-rope mainsail 4-12 VT 3DL 860L 19600 dpi lightnumber one headsail (maximumsize for foretriangle) 10-17 VT 3DL 860L 22400 dpimedium headsail 16-25 VT 3DL 860 L 23800 dpiheavy headsail 24-35 VT 3DL 600L 26000 dpiORC Category 4 aramid headsail 5 AWS-17AWS Code 1-3AAirX 700/600 VMG reachingasymmetric 7AWS-14AWS Code 2A ContenderSuperlight runner 13 AWS-22 AWS Code 4 AirX 1 AWS-17AWS at AWA from 35-70 Code 0 NorLam 1.7 oz.For more information about North<strong>Swan</strong> <strong>45</strong> sails contact:NA: Andreas Josenhans: +902.521.9999UK: Neil Mackley +44.023.9252.5588IT: Gigio Russo +39.0185.3526.07DK: Casper Neilsen +<strong>45</strong>.3915.7755

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