2. What are work-related upper limb musculoskeletal disorders?

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2. What are work-related upper limb musculoskeletal disorders?Muscloskeletal system is the prime mover of our bodily movement. Muscle, skeleton, tendon andnerve are the key structures in mediating the maneuvers of various body positions in particularupper limb movement adopted in our daily activities. Work-related upper limb musculoskeletaldisorders can be resulted from frequent, repetitive and forceful exertion on upper limb andimproper posture adopted at work. Upper limbs refer to the following body parts:Shoulder, upper arm, elbow, forearm, wrist and fingersUpper limb musculoskeletal disorders include the following three types of injuries:1. Muscle injuryWork activities involving repetitive movement andforceful exertion require vigorous muscle contraction.Active pumping of muscular work promotesaccumulation of metabolites which further initiatesmuscle fatigue and results in muscle soreness.Prolonged muscular work without adequate rest notonly delays the recovery process in eliminating themetabolites, but cumulative effect of overusingmuscles also assumes the cause of injuries.muscletendon2. Tendon injuryTendons are the connecting tissues which attach musclesto bones. Tendons are protected and lubricated bytendon sheath to enable smooth movement. Repetitivemovement or forceful exertion would aggravate thesliding of tendon with tendon sheath or the bony partand cause inflammation or even shear injuries.3. Nerve compressionNervous system is responsible for carrying messages withinour body. It innervates muscle and kicks off movement, sothat we can move our hands or feet. Nerve transmissioncan be restricted by increased pressure on nerve. It can becaused by the swelling of inflamed muscles or tendonsaround the nerve endings. Desensitization is one of thesymptom of nerve compression. For severe nervecompression, it can result in muscle degeneration.Pmedian nerve(normal)median nervecompressed byinflamed tendons
3. Common types of work-related upper limb musculoskeletal disordersShoulder tendinitisCarpal tunnel syndromeTenosynovitis of hand and forearmLateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)4. Risk factors associated with work-related upper limb musculoskeletal disordersFactor one Forceful exertion by hands, wrists or armsForceful use of hand and forearm muscles to fitcomponents into placeFactor twoAwkward posture, rapid and frequentmovementMachine pacing to keep up packaging work withconveyor, chopping meat or playing musical instrumentsQ
Page 2 and 3: Table of Contents1. IntroductionO2.
Page 6 and 7: Factor three Awkward and static pos
Page 8 and 9: Manufacturing industryAssembling, p
Page 10 and 11: Use of hand toolsWeight and grip of
Page 12 and 13: Self-care tipsAvoid frequent activi
Page 14 and 15: SplintingFlexing or extending exces
Page 16 and 17: Is riskRisk factorspresentYes NoFur

2. What are work-related upper limb musculoskeletal disorders?

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