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Computational BuildingPerformance Simulation• changing context• traditional vs simulation• quality assurance• software <strong>and</strong> use• our work• IBPSAprof.dr.ir. Jan Hensenunit Building Physics & Systems1
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAChanging Context2
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAContextual challengescurrently buildings:consume ~ 37% world energyexploit ~ 40% of world resourcesproduce ~ 40% of world wasteJan Hensen - Building performance simulation3
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAFlexibility & robustnessOrganizations change continuouslysource: www.futuresense.comJan Hensen - Building performance simulation4
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAHigher comfort dem<strong>and</strong>ssource: www.learn.londonmet.ac.uksource: www.automotiveworld.comJan Hensen - Building performance simulation5
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAIndoor quality vs. productivitysource: Wargocki, P 2002 "Making the Case For IAQ", ASHRAE IAQ ApplicationsJan Hensen - Building performance simulation6
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAIndoor quality vs. healthJan Hensen - Building performance simulationEconomic impact:$ energy$$ productivity$$$ health7
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAIncreasing real world complexityJan Hensen - Building performance simulation source: High Performing Buildings, spring 20088
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAIncreasing real world complexityJan Hensen - Building performance simulation9
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAGoal <strong>and</strong> vision A sustainable energy-positive built environmentwith indoor environmental quality optimized forhealth, comfort <strong>and</strong>/or productivity Requires a multiscale/ multiphysics <strong>and</strong>transdisciplinary approach which:addresses technological solutions for energy generation,storage, distribution <strong>and</strong> dem<strong>and</strong> reduction, <strong>and</strong>integrates <strong>and</strong> optimizes these in design, construction<strong>and</strong> operation of new <strong>and</strong> existing buildings Computational building performance simulationcan play an important roleJan Hensen - Building performance simulation10
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSATraditional vs. Simulation Tools11
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSATraditional design tools mono-disciplinary solution oriented narrow scope static extreme conditions analytical methods(exact solution ofvery simplifiedmodel of reality)source: www.virtual-north.comJan Hensen - Building performance simulation12
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAThe best way to predict the futureis to create itSimulation tools multi-disciplinary problem oriented wide(r) scope dynamic all conditions numerical methods(approximatesolution of realisticmodel of reality)Jan Hensen - Building performance simulation13
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAWhat is the difference?fundamentaldifference betweentraditional <strong>and</strong>simulation tools isin thecomplexitytherefor much more need for:• quality assurance• knowledge / skills• resourcestraditional models–perhaps 10 variablescomputer simulation–often > 10,000000 variablessource: IBPSA-USAJan Hensen - Building performance simulation14
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAIs difference important?Confrontation of cooling load calculations100%Czech St<strong>and</strong>ard CalculationDynamic computer calculationCooling load80%60%40%20%25%0%Jan Hensen - Building performance simulation15
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAQuality Assurance16
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSASimulation vs. measurementsMeasurements essential for verification, validation <strong>and</strong> calibration !Jan Hensen - Building performance simulation17
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSADon’t simulate when1. the problem can be solved using "common senseanalysis“2. the problem can be solved analytically (using a closedform)3. it's easier to change or perform direct experiments onthe real4. the cost of the simulation exceeds possible savings5. there aren't proper resources available for the project6. there isn't enough time for the model results to beuseful7. there is no data – not even estimates8. the model can't be verified or validated9. project expectations can't be met10. system behavior is too complex, or can't be definedJan Hensen - Building performance simulationBanks & Gibson, 199718
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSATechnology hype cycleComputational Fluid Dynamics90-iesNowJan Hensen - Building performance simulation20
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAQuality assurance needssimulation needs to be learnedsufficient domain knowledgemodeling <strong>and</strong> simulation skills <strong>and</strong>knowledge about principles, assumptions,limitations, when (not) to use, …quality controlappropriate model (scale, resolution,complexity)validation, verification <strong>and</strong> calibrationproper application methodologyJan Hensen - Building performance simulation21
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSASimulation Software & Use22
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAGreen design “guidance”Voluntary “best green” performance of some buildingsMore complex tools are acceptedLEED, GBTool,CASBEE, ……per rformanceM<strong>and</strong>atory minimum energy performance of every buildingTools must be as simple as possibleEPBDJan Hensen - Building performance simulation23
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSASimulation softwareJan Hensen - Building performance simulation24
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSASimulation usersUse anythingincluding <strong>research</strong>toolsOnly if m<strong>and</strong>atory<strong>and</strong> easy-to-userobust toolsEager for flexible /exp<strong>and</strong>able toolsWant easy-to-use<strong>and</strong> robust toolsRather nosimulation at allJan Hensen - Building performance simulation25
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSASimulation tasksMostly for architectural / environmentalengineering design tasks, very little forM-E designJan Hensen - Building performance simulationsource: P Torcellini / P Ellis26
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSASimulation task - exampleJan Hensen - Building performance simulation27
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSASimulation task - exampleFloorle v e lM a x im u m s e n s ib lec o o lin g lo a dS e n sib le c o o lin g lo a d re d u c tio ndue to the double-skin façadeC a s e AkWC a s e BkW W W /m2 floor %8 th 3.53 3.29 240 6 77 th 3.51 3.24 270 7 86 th 3.50 3.20 300 8 95 th 3.50 3.14 360 10 104 th 3 . 45 3 . 08 370 10 113 rd 3.38 2.95 430 11 132 nd 3.14 2.67 470 13 15Jan Hensen - Building performance simulation28
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSASimulation task - examplePassive cooling External shading High thermal mass(exposed floor / ceiling, ribs)Low energy cooling All air system Night ventilation Top cooling Heat recoveryJan Hensen - Building performance simulation29
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSASimulation task - example Using calibrated building +systems model, 10 operationscenarios were simulated: 6scenarios with variouscombinations of flow rates <strong>and</strong>control periods, 5 scenarios withreduced cooling coil capacityCoold Comfort Hot14 000El. energy for coolingEl. energy for fantemperatureributionInside airdistr100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%Energy co nsumption [kW Wh]12 00010 0008 0006 0004 0002 0000%0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 FC0Case 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 FCCasesource: Milos LainJan Hensen - Building performance simulation30
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSASimulation task - exampleJan Hensen - Building performance simulation31
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSASimulation in designCIBSE’s guide for future:1. switch off2. spread out3. blow away4. cool when necessaryTrias Energetica:1. reduce dem<strong>and</strong>2. use sustainable sources3. use fossil fuel efficientlyJan Hensen - Building performance simulationsource: P Torcellini / P Ellis32
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSASimulation for design, but …<strong>and</strong> realperformanceoccurs afterconstructionOperations &MaintenanceCommissioningRetrofitDesignConstructionwhile earlydesigndecisionshave muchmore impactit is usedmainly fordesigndevelopmentJan Hensen - Building performance simulationsource: eetdnews.lbl.gov33
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAOur Work34
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSASome simulation challenges Provide better design supportEarly phase design supportMulti-scale (construction detail … district level)Uncertainty <strong>and</strong> sensitivity analysisRobustness analysis (use/environmental scenarios, …)Optimization under uncertaintyInverse approach (what if => how to)Multi-physics (power flow modeling, …)Integrate in design process (BIM, process modeling, …) Building operation <strong>and</strong> management supportAccurate in-use energy consumption predictionWhole building (energy) performance analysisModel predictive (supervisory mimo) controlJan Hensen - Building performance simulation35
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAExp<strong>and</strong>ing simulation scopeUCL Belgiumto earlier in the design process by:• uncertainty analysis• sensitivity analysisZKU Turkey•multi-objective decision making• optimization under uncertaintyJan Hensen - Building performance simulation36
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSA“Uncertainty analysis” (1984)Variability due to (stochastic)occupant behaviourin terms of Tset, Qint, ACRJan Hensen - Building performance simulation37
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAUncertainty & sensitivityVariability due to physical parameteruncertainty.Scenario uncertainty t <strong>and</strong> designoptions space not taken into accountJan Hensen - Building performance simulationSensitivity of design parameteron uncertainty of cooling dem<strong>and</strong>Glass Percent. 50 - 100%Glass system therm. Perf. low -highBuild. M ass 110 - 295kg/m 2Floor A rea 48-72m 2Wall Insul. 2.5 - 4.0m 2 K/WRoof Insul. 2.5 - 4.0m 2 K/W-0.8-0.6-0.5-0.4-0.3 -0.2-0.1 0.0 0.10.2 0.30.4 0.50.6 0.70.8St<strong>and</strong>. regression coefficient (SRC)38
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAUncertainty & sensitivityJan Hensen - Building performance simulationSource: Christian Struck39
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAUncertainty & optimizationBefore optimization(initial population)After optimizationunfavorable regionw.r.t. energy consumptionunfavorable regionw.r.t. thermal comfortWide uncertaintymargin for unoptimizedi solutionsLinear trade-offJan Hensen - Building performance simulationSource: Christina Hopfe40
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSACo-simulation (by run-time coupling)<strong>research</strong> issues:• which data• how exchange• what frequencyJan Hensen - Building performance simulation• speed• stability• accuracy41
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAHeat, air <strong>and</strong> moistureJan Hensen - Building performance simulationdeliverables:• prototype software• coupling procedure• coupling validation42
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAHAMPE – case study 1Model‣Volume: 10 (m) *10 (m) * 3.33 (m)‣12 surfaces‣Duration = 1 day (31 st of March)‣2 time steps per hourBES‣Location: Brussels‣Free floating temperatureCFDJan Hensen - Building performance simulation43
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAHAMPE – case study 1room temperature (external coupling)Temperature e (C)109.89.69.49.290 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24Time (hrs)Jan Hensen - Building performance simulationSource: Daniel Costola + Mohammad Mirsadeghi44
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAApplication orientedCVUT PragueCVUT PragueJan Hensen - Building performance simulationIdentifies shortcomings <strong>and</strong> barriers to beaddressed in our more general <strong>research</strong>45
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAApplication - exampleJan Hensen - Building performance simulationSource: Wiebe Zoon46
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAMSc graduation projectsJan Hensen - Building performance simulation47
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSA(Inter)national co-operationesp-rdaiJan Hensen - Building performance simulation48
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAConsultancydaiJan Hensen - Building performance simulation49
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSATeachingIntroductionState-of-the-artCapita SelectadaiJan Hensen - Building performance simulationGeneration 2020 ?50
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAOther Fellow ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigeration <strong>and</strong> Air-conditioning Engineers Past president IBPSA International Building Performance Simulation Association Founding co-editor JBPS Journal of Building Performance Simulation Part-time professor CVUT Czech Technical University Prague, Mechanical Engineering Invited visiting appointments DTU Copenhagen 2010, Kyoto University 2007,FUSC Florianopolis 2006, Georgia Inst of Technology 2003, Korea Inst of Energy Research 1996, … Voorzitter VABI Vereniging Automatisering in de Bouw en Installatietechniek Technische raad TVVL Nederl<strong>and</strong>se technische vereniging voor installaties in gebouwen (Co-)authored over 200 papers h-index = 9 Editorial board <strong>and</strong>/or reviewer ASHRAE International Journal of HVAC&RResearch, ASHRAE Transactions, Automation in Construction, Building <strong>and</strong> Environment, Building Research & Information,Building Services Engineering Research & Technology, Energy <strong>and</strong> Buildings, Engineering Sustainability, TVVL Magazine, …..Jan Hensen - Building performance simulation51
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAIn Conclusion52
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAIn conclusion Increasing real world complexityPoses major challenges tous (practitioners,<strong>research</strong>ers, educators,…), <strong>and</strong> is background of Quality concerns re. users <strong>and</strong> software Cheaper to simulate than to fix “wrong” building Need for exp<strong>and</strong>ing simulation scopefrom IBPSA, design a => global post-construction network /from building => urban levelcommunity of practice Small software market + legacy toolsnecessitates distributed developmentsJan Hensen - Building performance simulation53
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAwww.ibpsa.orgJan Hensen - Building performance simulation54
● changing context ● traditional vs simulation ● quality assurance ● software <strong>and</strong> use ● our work ● IBPSAThank You !55