APRP - Water Policy Reform - LIFE-IWRMII Project, Egypt

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Other problems and issues related to reduction of drain water volume are the effects ofIIP programs, the introduction of zero-discharge on-farm irrigation techniques, etc.. Theseprograms will undoubtedly affect drainage flow patterns in the Delta and need to beaddressed in an integrated manner along with other water conservation policies.C. Benchmark for Tranche IIThe GOE will develop and approve new policies, regulations, and criteria to promotedrainage water reuse with appropriate incentives and technical support.D. Verification IndicatorsThe GOE will issue new policies, regulations, and criteria on drainage water reuse.E. Expected ResultsBased upon the issuance of a drain water reuse policy package, including reuse criteria,regulations, and associated institutional modifications, more quantity and better quality ofdrainage water will be available for reuse in the Nile Delta.F. Studies to be ConductedStudies will be carried out to address issues of :• evaluation of current drainage reuse practice;• assessment of different mechanisms for promoting drainage reuse; and• environmental, institutional and legal aspects of drainage water reuse.
National Strategy Regarding Irrigation ImprovementA. BackgroundFurther development of Nile River water resources within Egypt must concentrate onconservation and augmentation to meet the water needs of irrigation expansion and therapidly growing population. Irrigation water is diverted and used in perhaps severalcycles from the Aswan Dam to the northern Nile Delta before the remaining flows aredischarged to the Mediterranean Sea. These multiple reuse cycles are the basis for highbasin level efficiency. It has been suggested that water savings can be realized onlywhere irrigation return flows are lost to salt sinks or by exploiting drainage flows.This approach accepts the current level of operation and management of the irrigationdelivery and on-farm water management systems in Egypt. The fact that there aredrainage flows available for exploitation implies there are excessive operational losses incanals and large return flows from irrigation applications. There is nothing wrong withdrainage water exploitation. However, this addresses only symptoms of the real problem:1) inadequate local delivery system resources and infrastructure to measure, control, andmanage water distribution all the way to the mesqa level, and 2) inadequate waterdistribution and management by farmers once they receive water in the mesqas.Basin scale analyses do not inherently deal with problems of water management anddistribution at subregional and local levels and ignore the spatial and temporal value ofirrigation water at these levels. Egypt’s local irrigation districts and many (if not all)irrigation directorates distribute water in canals and distributaries by maintaining flowlevels at specific points in the various watercourses. The volume of water delivered orthe discharge in these watercourses is unknown because canal and mesqa crosssectionalparameters have changed over time. Currently, water is not quite wellmanaged/delivered based on local or directorate demand estimates. Depending on theseason, operational losses may be quite high, or serious maldistribution occurs (headendand tail-end effects, etc.).Low on-farm irrigation efficiencies result in excessive irrigation return flows (surface runoffand deep percolation losses). While it is true that these return flows do eventually reenterthe Nile system over much of its length and contribute to downstream water supply, theyare degraded quality waters which have lost the original intended value (in time andspace) of their diversion.Local irrigation delivery and on-farm water management improvement projects can resultin reduced diversions, thereby resulting in water available for immediate local reallocationand distribution (as opposed to the time delay and spatial departure of return flowsreentering the system). Losses to non-beneficial evapotranspiration are reduced.Agricultural productivity increases. Water quality is preserved for downstream uses.Irrigation improvement projects (IIP) have been implemented on about 100,000 feddansunder the Irrigation Management Systems (IMS) Project. Adequate baseline data werenot collected and detailed evaluations were not carried out to fully document the impactsof IIP and identify the most feasible alternatives to include in the package of waterconservation measures. In addition, continuous flow (as opposed to rotational deliveries)in branch and other distributary canals was implemented, but unfortunately, not fullyevaluated in IIP command areas.Other issues regarding IIP include: concerns that the implementation is too slow,arbitrary methods for prioritizing and selecting areas for implementation, public vs. privatesector involvement in construction/rehabilitation, should mesqa renovation be included or
Page 1 and 2: Ministry of Public Works and Water
Page 3 and 4: Annual Technical Progress Report(7
Page 5 and 6: II. PROJECT STARTUPWith the issuanc
Page 7 and 8: IV. TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMP
Page 9 and 10: WUA leaders were available to discu
Page 11 and 12: ACTIVITIES 1 RESIDENT TEAM STAFF 2
Page 13 and 14: management and use of water at all
Page 15 and 16: number of long-term tenants.Deep Gr
Page 17 and 18: VI. ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORTAdministr
Page 19 and 20: VII. FINANCIAL SUMMARYFinancial sum
Page 21 and 22: Appendix 1: Agenda of Project Start
Page 23 and 24: Appendix 2: Summary of Long Term TA
Page 25 and 26: Appendix 3: Summary of Short Term T
Page 27 and 28: Appendix 4: APRP Tranche II Water P
Page 29: II. Background DocumentationDrainag
Page 33 and 34: • identification of areas where i
Page 35 and 36: Water User AssociationsA. Backgroun
Page 37 and 38: Water Use on RiceWater Use on Sugar
Page 39 and 40: B. Policy Issues to be Addressed in
Page 41 and 42: Appendix 5: Agenda and Attendees of
Page 43 and 44: Session IIIConcepts and Themes (Con
Page 45 and 46: Workshop Concluding Comments by Eng
Page 47 and 48: Appendix 7: An Action Plan for Irri
Page 49 and 50: a threat to their economic well-bei

APRP - Water Policy Reform - LIFE-IWRMII Project, Egypt

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