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Trial ohjelma<br />
Kognitiivisen radion ja verkon<br />
kokeiluympäristö<br />
Johtoryhmän edustajan<br />
puheenvuoro<br />
Mikko.a.uusitalo@nokia.com<br />
Company Confidential<br />
1<br />
© 2008 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / YYYY-MM-DD / Initials
Consumer needs are guided by<br />
•New ways to act and behave<br />
•Dew devices<br />
•Availability of bandwidth<br />
Nokia Copyright<br />
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5 billion people<br />
connected<br />
CR2010/TAV Marraskuu 2010
Traffic Forecast – x100<br />
Global FIXED traffic (ExaByte/month)<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
3<br />
Voice<br />
Traffic<br />
© 2010 Nokia<br />
Business<br />
Internet<br />
Residential<br />
Unicast TV<br />
Residential<br />
Internet<br />
0<br />
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015<br />
Fixed broadband traffic<br />
is 40x mobile in 2015<br />
Source: Lauri Oksanen,<br />
Nokia Siemens Networks<br />
Global MOBILE traffic (ExaByte/month)<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.5<br />
Source: analyst reports and internal research<br />
Voice<br />
Traffic<br />
Handheld<br />
data traffic<br />
Laptop<br />
Data Traffic<br />
0.0<br />
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015<br />
I want only one TV channel - Mine!<br />
Mobile data traffic<br />
grows 300 fold<br />
Price per bit needs to<br />
decrease significantly!
Real data on traffic increase<br />
Source: CEPT PT1<br />
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CR2010/TAV Marraskuu 2010
Data traffic increases rapidly in Finland<br />
• 1.1M customers with wireless data mid-2010, 21% of population, growth rate 73%<br />
• Average traffic per user 1.9 GB per month 1H/2010<br />
• Increase influenced by amount of consumers and their behavior<br />
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CR2010/TAV Marraskuu 2010<br />
1.3 GB/sub<br />
/month<br />
1.5 GB/sub<br />
/month<br />
1.84 GB/sub<br />
/month<br />
1.88 GB/sub<br />
/month
Is the Current Spectrum being used Efficiently?<br />
Source: D Cabric, S M Mishra, R W Brodersen, “Implementation Issues in Spectrum Sensing for <strong>Cognitive</strong> <strong>Radio</strong>s”,<br />
Thirty-Eighth Asilomar Conference onSignals, Systems and Computers, 2004.<br />
6 © 2010 Nokia<br />
White spaces in the spectrum<br />
(unused spectrum)<br />
Spectrum Utilization between 0 and 6 GHz
Motivation<br />
• Trend: Increasing growth of mobile traffic<br />
7<br />
• More than 5 billion mobile phone users today…and growing at a startling rate<br />
• “7 trillion wireless devices serving 7 billion people in 2017” – Wireless World<br />
Research Forum<br />
• “Mobile Internet traffic handled by mobile operators will grow from 7 billion<br />
megabytes worldwide [in 2008] into 63 billion megabytes in 2013 (CAGR 54%)”<br />
– Informa<br />
• Trend: Regulators allowing secondary spectrum access<br />
• FCC opened door for TV White Spaces in USA<br />
• CEPT and several administrations are getting active<br />
• Active discussion predicted on regulatory measures in the 2012 World<br />
<strong>Radio</strong>communication Conference (WRC-12)<br />
© 2010 Nokia
Other challenges<br />
• Usability: how to hide increasing complexity?<br />
• Sustainability: how to provide more in a sustainable way?<br />
• Security and trust: with more decentralization and increased dependency on<br />
ICT and wireless?<br />
• New challengers from other industries and from other economies: How to be<br />
the winner in the new ecosystem?<br />
• How to win in new application areas?<br />
8<br />
© 2010 Nokia
Liberating Spectrum to Enable New Opportunities<br />
<strong>Cognitive</strong> <strong>Radio</strong><br />
Empowering a new realm of devices and services<br />
through optimized connectivity. The world is<br />
moving towards a new era where mutuallyconscious<br />
intelligent devices leverage awareness<br />
of environmental circumstances and user needs<br />
to determine how to communicate on the fly via<br />
dynamic spectrum use for improved connectivity<br />
and capacity.<br />
Research is centered in Helsinki, Finland, including<br />
at the Otaniemi lab, and is focused on:<br />
9<br />
• Methods for flexible spectrum use<br />
• Novel ways of sensing the radio environment<br />
and location<br />
• Distributed networks that intelligently cooperate<br />
• Low power flexible implementation of radio<br />
modem<br />
© 2010 Nokia
Consicous and polite radio<br />
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• Transmits and receives<br />
• Hears and sees<br />
• Knows its status and the environment<br />
• Understands needs via applications<br />
• Discusses with other radios<br />
• Discusses with databases<br />
• Might cause interference<br />
• Prevention of harmful interference<br />
• Expects politeness<br />
• Essential challenges outside traditional radio technology!<br />
CR2010/TAV Marraskuu 2010<br />
Heterogeneous Networks,<br />
<strong>Cognitive</strong> <strong>Radio</strong>s and Coexistence<br />
<strong>Cognitive</strong> Mesh<br />
Network (CMN)<br />
MUEs with<br />
Rules Rules Rules<br />
Regulatory Information System<br />
Composite Wireless Network (CWN)<br />
<strong>Cognitive</strong> Control RAN Type B<br />
Network (CCN) OSM<br />
autonomic operation<br />
Policies Policies<br />
JRRM<br />
P<br />
o<br />
l<br />
i<br />
c<br />
i<br />
e<br />
s<br />
Rules Rules Rules<br />
<strong>Cognitive</strong> NMS (C-NMS)<br />
Multiradio UEs (MUE) with network guided operation<br />
RAN Type A<br />
Legacy UEs
New Spectrum Rules<br />
• US TV White Spaces bring primary/secondary sharing between TV broadcasters<br />
and mobile wireless services<br />
• Possible new ways compared to spectrum use today:<br />
11 © 2010 Nokia<br />
Vertical Sharing Horizontal Sharing<br />
Commons approach •Protected primary with<br />
unique access rights<br />
•Secondary use of unused<br />
resources<br />
•Opportunistic use between<br />
secondary users<br />
Transferable spectrum<br />
usage rights<br />
•Protected owner of<br />
resources that may<br />
exchange them<br />
•Negotiations between<br />
market parties<br />
•Pool of equal resources<br />
•Policies for sharing<br />
between equals<br />
•Optional: No interference<br />
between existing users<br />
•Optional: Negotiations<br />
•Pool of equal resources<br />
•Negotiation between<br />
market parties<br />
•Use of spectrum resources<br />
protected in some sense<br />
•Fairness metric
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Roadmap with spectrum<br />
Licensed<br />
Slow process<br />
High investments in<br />
beginning<br />
Effective<br />
QoS<br />
Enduring business<br />
model<br />
Global<br />
CR2010/TAV Marraskuu 2010<br />
Authorized use<br />
Flexible process<br />
Initial investment according<br />
to market price<br />
Effectiveness and QoS<br />
reachable<br />
New business models<br />
Global contract and local<br />
flexibility<br />
Unlicensed<br />
No process<br />
Low threshold in<br />
beginning<br />
Tragedy of<br />
commons<br />
No guarantee on<br />
QoS<br />
Enduring business<br />
model<br />
Mainly local
Coexistence - Levels of Collaboration<br />
• Wild West: Decision-makers<br />
optimize their own situation, not<br />
taking into account any interests of<br />
others<br />
• Cooperation: Decision-makers<br />
optimize their own situation, while<br />
taking into account the interests of<br />
others<br />
• Collaboration: Interacting decision<br />
makers to optimize their<br />
performance, this is based on<br />
active/explicit communication<br />
between the decision-makers<br />
• Standardization ongoing in IEEE<br />
802.19 and in ETSI RRS<br />
Company Confidential<br />
13 © 2010 Nokia CR Systems.ppt / 2010-05-06 / CW
From wide area to local optimization<br />
1G: Analogue cellular systems (AMPS, NMT, etc.)<br />
2G: Transition to digital (GSM, TDMA, CDMA)<br />
3G: Fusion of voice and data (WCDMA, CDMA2000)<br />
4G: Performance extremes in wide area, more flexible<br />
bandwidth and spectrum deployments, flat network<br />
architecture (3GPP LTE)<br />
Future trend: <strong>Cognitive</strong> <strong>Radio</strong><br />
• The research frontier in wireless<br />
• Changing the rules on how spectrum is being used<br />
Initial steps with this technology are about to be<br />
taken on the U.S. TV White Space frequencies<br />
that recently were made available by the FCC<br />
14<br />
© 2010 Nokia<br />
Wide Area<br />
Access<br />
Local Area<br />
Access
Key Technologies for Future Wireless<br />
15<br />
Heterogeneous Networks,<br />
<strong>Cognitive</strong> <strong>Radio</strong>s and Coexistence<br />
<strong>Cognitive</strong> Mesh<br />
Network (CMN)<br />
MUEs with<br />
© 2010 Nokia<br />
Rules Rules Rules<br />
Regulatory Information System<br />
Composite Wireless Network (CWN)<br />
<strong>Cognitive</strong> Control RAN Type B<br />
Network (CCN) OSM<br />
autonomic operation<br />
Policies Policies<br />
JRRM<br />
P<br />
o<br />
l<br />
i<br />
c<br />
i<br />
e<br />
s<br />
Rules Rules Rules<br />
<strong>Cognitive</strong> NMS (C-NMS)<br />
Multiradio UEs (MUE) with network guided operation<br />
RAN Type A<br />
Legacy UEs<br />
Technologies to minimize<br />
power consumption<br />
Flexible, frequency agile platforms<br />
Grand challenge<br />
WLAN<br />
TCP/IP<br />
A<br />
D<br />
Generic Multiradio RF<br />
D<br />
A<br />
A<br />
D<br />
D<br />
A<br />
D<br />
A<br />
PLL PLL<br />
PLL<br />
Application 1 Application 2 Application 3 Application 4<br />
A<br />
D<br />
MTP<br />
Vector<br />
processor<br />
Vector<br />
processor Vector<br />
processor<br />
CPU<br />
CPU<br />
CPUCPU<br />
Generic Multiradio BB<br />
RAM ROM<br />
SW mechanisms to efficiently utilize<br />
heterogeneous network access<br />
BT<br />
3G/LTE HDMI BT USB
Regulation creates an attracting<br />
environment in Finland<br />
16<br />
© 2010 Nokia<br />
180MHz<br />
New!<br />
80MHz 350MHz<br />
http://www.showmywhitespace.com/<br />
Tests going on already!
Status today<br />
Nokia Copyright<br />
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?<br />
CR2010/TAV Marraskuu 2010<br />
• Regulation<br />
• USA: TV White Space is minimum solution, enables<br />
quick start<br />
• EU/RSPG, CEPT, ITU<br />
• National questions, Finland active<br />
• Technology<br />
• Research: EU, Companies, TEKES, …<br />
• Standards: IEEE 802, WIFI Alliance, ETSI, CCSA, 3GPP<br />
• Testbeds: small starts here and there<br />
• Customers<br />
• Nothing commercial yet<br />
• Commercial terms unclear
Status tomorrow<br />
• Finland is known about wireless solutions that are intuitively easy to use –<br />
things just happen<br />
• Finland has attracted even more world top level wireless research &<br />
development & business activities<br />
• Finland has applied our wireless talent successfully to new business sectors<br />
• Despite the growing role of wireless, energy consumptions is sustainable<br />
Nokia Copyright<br />
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CR2010/TAV Marraskuu 2010
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