BROCADE IP PRIMER

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SummarySummary• BGP is the standard routing protocol for the Internet• BGP is a path vector routing protocol• BGP is both an IGP (iBGP) and an EGP (eBGP)• An autonomous system (AS) is a collection of routers that are all administeredby the same entity• Multihoming is providing more than one entrance and exit link for your AS(e.g., peering with more than one Internet Service Provider)• A Stub AS is an AS that only has one entrance and exit link• A confederation is a collection of Stub ASs• In BGP, a neighbor (peer) must be manually defined• A neighbor goes through several states:— Idle - no packets have been sent or received yet— Connect - a TCP session has been attempted— Active - the TCP session failed, but the router is actively listening— OpenSent - TCP succeeded, and the router is waiting for an OPENmessage— OpenConfirm - router sends an OPEN message, and waits forKEEPALIVE— Established - routers exchange routing information• Networks must be defined; by default, BGP shares nothing• Neighbors in the same AS are automatically iBGP• Neighbors in different ASs are automatically eBGP• Use loopback interfaces with iBGP, but be sure to use “update-source”• When using iBGP, remember to use “next-hop-self” to make sure thosewithin your AS know how to get out• There's no metric conversion when using iBGP and eBGP together• When your BGP router can't be directly connected to your eBGP peerrouter, use “ebgp-multihop”Brocade <strong>IP</strong> Primer 285
Chapter 13: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)Chapter Review Questions1. On what metric does BGP make its routing decisions?a. next hopb. link costc. hop countd. AS path2. Two neighbors in the same AS are using what type of BGP?a. iBGPb. eBGPc. BGPd. EGP3. What type of routing protocol is BGP?a. distance vectorb. link statec. path vectord. distance state4. In iBGP, what command can I use to make sure my iBGP peers know theway out of the AS?a. ebgp-multihopb. next-hop-selfc. update-source loopback 1d. password5. What state would a peer be in if it tried to establish a TCP session, but thesession failed?a. Idleb. Connectc. Actived. OpenSent6. What is a collection of Stub ASs called?a. Confederationb. Autonomous System (AS)c. Peerd. Stubbies286 Brocade <strong>IP</strong> Primer
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BROCADEIPPRIMERFIRST EDITIONEveryth
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Important NoticeUse of this book co
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ContentsChapter 2: TCP/IP .........
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ContentsPart Three: Layer 3 Switchi
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ContentsRedundancy: Virtual Router
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ContentsCheck 5: Available Session
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Part One: Introduction toNetworking
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Networking Basics1The world of comp
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The OSI Reference ModelEach of thes
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The OSI Reference ModelApplicationA
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The Application Layer (Layer 7)This
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The Session Layer (Layer 5)You inte
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The Transport Layer (Layer 4)So, wh
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The Transport Layer (Layer 4)point,
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The Data Link Layer (Layer 2)By far
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The Physical Layer (Layer 1)One oth
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Layer 1 Ethernet (Cabling)What if a
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Layer 1 Ethernet (Cabling)Twisted P
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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Layer 1 Ethernet (Cabling)SC connec
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Layer 2 Ethernet (Addressing)Ethern
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Half-duplex vs. Full-duplexine, thi
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Brocade Ethernet Switches & Routers
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Chapter Review Questions5. What lay
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TCP/IP2The most popular protocol st
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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Network Classes128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
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Network ClassesWhat we haven't talk
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The SubnetTable 2. Understanding Su
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BI4XGBI24CT X RX T X RX T X RX T X
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Layer 4 TCP/IP: TCP/UDPRFC 1918 spe
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Layer 4 TCP/IP: TCP/UDPtions will a
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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
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User Datagram Protocol (UDP)When it
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 11 13
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Packet CapturingTcpdump is a comman
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SummaryYou'll typically need some s
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Chapter Review Questions3. What is
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Answers to Review Questionscan't us
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Data Center Bridging (DCB)3Introduc
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Introduction802.1Qbb: Priority-base
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The Ethernet PAUSE Functionresponsi
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Enhanced Tranmission SelectionFrom
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Data Center Bridge eXchangeData Cen
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Building the DCB CloudBuilding the
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Summary• Enhanced Transmission Se
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TRILL—Adding Multi-Pathingto Laye
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Why do we need it?To address this p
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The TRILL ProtocolJust as important
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Moving TRILL DataMAC-RB4MAC-RB1RB3R
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Load Balancing Basics5With the rise
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Co ns ol ePwrCC U1 PU 2 PU 3TxActRx
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Co ns ol ePwrActi veC PU 2 PU 3C PU
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Chapter Review Questions• Direct
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Chapter Review Questions7. Your loa
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Answers to Review Questions9. d. Yo
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Part Two: SwitchingThe following ch
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J-FxGMR4Ac ti veLi nkLinkLinkLi nkP
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Accessing the CLIThis is not the on
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Online HelpFor your convenience, yo
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The configProbably the most recogni
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Software (and where it's stored)All
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Software (and where it's stored)Let
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show commandsThe copy command can b
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clear commandsThere's one more show
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Configuring the InterfaceHere's an
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PingSource . Particularly if you ar
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Filters and Regular ExpressionsThis
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User Access ControlUser Access Cont
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User Access ControlIf you were to c
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User Access ControlBy default, a ne
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User Access ControlYou can also con
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User Access ControlSNMP also allows
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The Web UIYou can see that you have
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SummaryBut what if you want to disa
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Chapter Review Questions2. Which RM
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Answers to Review Questions5. c. Th
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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Switch TrunksYou define static trun
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show CommandsOperational trunks:Tru
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Chapter Review Questions3. Which ty
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Virtual Local Area Network(VLAN)8No
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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Configuring VLANsNow, we need to se
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Configuring VLANsVLAN, and add it b
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PowerPower49F Link 50F49F Link 50FC
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VLAN GroupsYou also have to assign
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Chapter Review QuestionsChapter Rev
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Answers to Review Questions4. a. An
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IEEE 802.1d (Spanning Tree Protocol
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IEEE 802.1d (Spanning Tree Protocol
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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IEEE 802.1s (MST)Port IEEE 802.1W P
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IEEE 802.1s (MST)another instance o
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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SummaryWe need to define this on bo
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Chapter Review Questions4. BPDUs:a.
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Part Three: Layer 3Switching (Routi
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 11 13
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The Routing TableLet's take a momen
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Page 250 and 251: The “Null” RouteTo see RIP's ro
Page 252 and 253: Chapter Review Questions2. What is
Page 254 and 255: Open Shortest Path First(OSPF)11We
Page 256 and 257: Getting to Know Your NeighborsHello
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Page 262 and 263: Autonomous Systems (AS)This still d
Page 264 and 265: Link State Advertisement (LSA)A NSS
Page 266 and 267: Configuring OSPFIf you use a loopba
Page 268 and 269: Configuring OSPFHere's an example t
Page 272 and 273: Summary• show ip ospf virtual-lin
Page 274 and 275: Chapter Review Questions3. By defau
Page 276 and 277: Multi Protocol LabelSwitching (MPLS
Page 278 and 279: What is MPLS?Step 4. The labeled pa
Page 280 and 281: MPLS Virtual Leased Lines (VLL)Step
Page 282 and 283: MPLS Layer 3 VPNsTo validate the co
Page 284 and 285: MPLS Layer 3 VPNsConfiguring MPLS L
Page 286 and 287: Border Gateway Protocol(BGP)13For m
Page 290 and 291: The Autonomous System (AS)As of 201
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Page 294 and 295: Configuring BGPTo summarize, the pe
Page 296 and 297: Configuring BGPBut how do we use ou
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Page 302 and 303: Answers to Review Questions7. What
Page 304 and 305: Security, Redundancyand More14We've
Page 306 and 307: Security: Access Control Lists (ACL
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Page 320 and 321: RXTXCle a rChannel T3Test A IS Y e
Page 324 and 325: Access Control Lists: Not Just For
Page 326 and 327: Redundancy: Virtual Router Redundan
Page 332 and 333: SummaryThe other processing mechani
Page 334 and 335: Chapter Review QuestionsChapter Rev
Page 336 and 337: Answers to Review QuestionsAnswers
Page 338 and 339: Part Four: Layer 4-7Switching (Load
Page 340 and 341: Server Load Balancing (SLB)15Welcom
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Page 348 and 349: Predictors• Round-robin. This is
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Configuring SLBGoing back to our in
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Configuring SLBWhen a real server p
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SLB show CommandsSLB show CommandsT
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SLB show Commands• Active (ACT).
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Configuring Direct Server Return (D
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ServerIronServerIronBI4XGBI4XGBI24C
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Symmetric Server Load BalancingIf y
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Remote ServersIn this scenario, Ser
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Summary— Server response time onl
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Chapter Review Questions5. Which co
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Session PersistenceNow, let's say t
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Session PersistenceWhen a sticky se
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Session PersistenceNow, you must en
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URL SwitchingURL SwitchingURL switc
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Configuring Transparent Cache Switc
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SummarySummary• Policy-based SLB
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Chapter Review Questions6. Which pe
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NetScreen - 204BI4XGBI4XGBI24CBI24C
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NetScreen - 204POWERSTATUS-1ALARMHA
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NetScreen - 204POWERSTATUS-1ALARMHA
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FWLB show CommandsAs we mentioned a
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Stateful FWLBresponse, it will try
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Chapter Review QuestionsChapter Rev
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Answers to Review Questions8. a. Tr
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Global Server Load Balancing(GSLB)1
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Domain Name Service (DNS)take the n
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Enter: Global Server Load Balancing
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How Does GSLB Decide?Now, I mention
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How Does GSLB Decide?Check 6: Flash
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Configuring GSLBIt's the address of
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GSLB show CommandsNext, there may b
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Chapter Review Questions1. What doe
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Answers to Review Questions5. b. Th
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Glossary10Base-T An Ethernet specif
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GlossaryAuthentication This is the
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GlossaryDCB Data Center Bridging. T
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GlossaryFrame This is the data unit
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GlossaryLACPDU Link Aggregation Con
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GlossaryNIC Network Interface Contr
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GlossaryRoot switch In Spanning Tre
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GlossaryTAC Technical Assistance Ce
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GlossaryVirtual link In OSPF, all a
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BROCADE IP PRIMERFIRST EDITIONThe w
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BROCADE IP PRIMER

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