Beginning Java EE 6 with GlassFish 3, Second Edition

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CHAPTER 1 ■ JAVA EE 6 AT A GLANCEJava EE 6 is an important milestone. Not only does it follow the steps of Java EE 5 by focusing on aneasier development model, it also adds new specifications and brings profiles and pruning to make itlighter. The release of Java EE 6 coincides closely with the tenth anniversary of the enterprise platform. Itcombines the advantages of the Java language with experience gained over the last ten years. Moreover,it profits from the dynamism of open source communities as well as the rigor of the JCP. Today Java EE isa well-documented platform with experienced developers, a large community, and many deployedapplications running on companies’ servers. Java EE is a suite of APIs to build standard componentbasedmultitier applications. These components are deployed in different containers offering a series ofservices.A Bit of HistoryTen years is a good time to look back at the evolution of Java EE (see Figure 1-1), which was formerlycalled J2EE. J2EE 1.2, first developed by Sun, was released in 1999 as an umbrella specificationcontaining ten Java Specification Requests (JSRs). At that time people were talking about CORBA, soJ2EE 1.2 was created with distributed systems in mind. Enterprise Java Beans (EJBs) were introducedwith support for remote stateful and stateless service objects, and optional support for persistent objects(entity beans). They were built on a transactional and distributed component model using RMI-IIOP(Remote Method Invocation–Internet Inter-ORB Protocol) as the underlying protocol. The web tier hadservlets and JavaServer Pages (JSPs), and JMS was used for sending messages.Figure 1-1. History of J2EE/Java EE2
CHAPTER 1 ■ JAVA EE 6 AT A GLANCE■ Note CORBA originated about 1988 precisely because enterprise systems were beginning to be distributed(e.g., Tuxedo, CICS). EJBs and then J2EE followed on with the same assumptions, but ten years later. By the timeJ2EE was begun, CORBA was fully baked and industrial strength, but companies found simpler, more decoupledways to connect distributed systems, like web services. So CORBA became redundant for most enterprisesystems.Starting with J2EE 1.3, the specification was developed by the Java Community Process (JCP) underJSR 58. Support for entity beans was made mandatory, and EJBs introduced XML deploymentdescriptors to store metadata (which was serialized in a file in EJB 1.0). This version addressed theoverhead of passing arguments by value with remote interfaces, by introducing local interfaces andpassing arguments by reference. J2EE Connector Architecture (JCA) was introduced to connect Java EEto EIS.■ Note The JCP is an open organization, created in 1998, that is involved in the definition of future versions andfeatures of the Java platform. When the need for a new component or API is identified, the initiator (a.k.a.specification lead) creates a JSR and forms a group of experts. This group, made of companies’ representatives,organizations, universities or private individuals, is responsible for the development of the JSR and has to deliver1) one or more specifications that explain the details and define the fundamentals of the JSR, 2) a ReferenceImplementation (RI), which is an actual implementation of the specification, and 3) a Compatibility Test Kit (a.k.a.Technology Compatibility Kit, or TCK), which is a set of tests every implementation needs to pass before claimingto conform to the specification. Once approved by the Executive Committee (EC), the specification is released tothe community for implementation. Java EE is called an Umbrella JSR, or a Platform Edition Specification (such asProfiles), because it ties together other JSRs.J2EE 1.4 (JSR 151) included 20 specifications in 2003 and added support for web services. EJB 2.1allowed session beans to be invoked over SOAP/HTTP. A timer service was created to allow EJBs to beinvoked at designated times or intervals. This version provided better support for application assemblyand deployment.Although its supporters predicted a great future for it, not all of J2EE’s promise materialized. Thesystems created with it were too complicated, and development time was frequently out of allproportion to the complexity of the user’s requirements. J2EE was seen as a heavyweight componentmodel: difficult to test, difficult to deploy, difficult to run. That’s when frameworks such as Struts,Spring, or Hibernate emerged and showed a new way of developing enterprise application. Fortunately,in the second quarter of 2006, Java EE 5 (JSR 244) was released and turned out to be a remarkableimprovement. It took some inspiration from open source frameworks by bringing back a Plain Old JavaObject (POJO) programming model. Metadata could be defined with annotations, and XML descriptorsbecame optional. From a developer’s point of view, EJB 3 and the new JPA were more of a quantum leap3
Page 1: The EXPERT’s VOIce ® in Java tm
Page 4 and 5: Beginning Java EE 6 Platform with G
Page 6 and 7: Contents at a Glance■Foreword ...
Page 8 and 9: ■ CONTENTSSummary ...............
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Page 18 and 19: ■ CONTENTSFrom the Web to Web Ser
Page 20 and 21: About the Author■ Antonio Goncalv
Page 22 and 23: AcknowledgmentsWriting a book about
Page 24 and 25: ■ PREFACECONTENTSChapter 1 briefl
Page 27: C H A P T E R 1■ ■ ■Java EE 6
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CHAPTER 3 ■ OBJECT-RELATIONAL MAP
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C H A P T E R 4■ ■ ■Managing
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CHAPTER 4 ■ MANAGING PERSISTENT O
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C H A P T E R 5■ ■ ■Callbacks
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CHAPTER 5 ■ CALLBACKS AND LISTENE
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CHAPTER 6 ■ ENTERPRISE JAVA BEANS
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C H A P T E R 7■ ■ ■Session B
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CHAPTER 7 ■ SESSION BEANS AND THE
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C H A P T E R 8■ ■ ■Callbacks
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CHAPTER 8 ■ CALLBACKS AND INTERCE
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C H A P T E R 9■ ■ ■Transacti
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CHAPTER 9 ■ TRANSACTIONS AND SECU
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CHAPTER 10 ■ JAVASERVER FACESUnde
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C H A P T E R 11■ ■ ■Pages an
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CHAPTER 11 ■ PAGES AND COMPONENTS
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CHAPTER 12 ■ PROCESSING AND NAVIG
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CHAPTER 13 ■ SENDING MESSAGESJava
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CHAPTER 15 ■ RESTFUL WEB SERVICES
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