Innovation and Ontologies

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in memoriam Paula Bullinger 1912 – 2005 my beloved Oma V
Foreword VII Foreword Innovation equally requires rational problem solving and interpretive space (Lester & Piore, 2004). It is a key challenge for innovation management to overcome this obvious dilemma, especially in the early stages of the innovation process. Ontologies as logical representations of knowledge bear the potential to enable the required balance between structure and flexibility. They provide a promising, yet largely unexplored approach for significantly improving corporate innovation processes. During the early stages of the innovation process, the so-called Fuzzy Front End of innovation management, decision-making in corporate practice is often “uncertain fumbling at minimal sight” (Hauschildt & Salomo, 2007), i.e. the existing idea selection processes tend to be ad hoc and somewhat intuitive. Due to this unsatisfying situation, in which new ideas are difficult to compare, inadequate risks are taken and projects are stopped too late, a generic framework for the early stages of innovation management is necessary. Ontologies, used to represent knowledge, provide powerful modeling potential. Developed by researchers from the field of Artificial Intelligence, ontologically based applications recently been widely applied in online business to business solutions. The so-called semantic web is also based on ontologies. Its high flexibility and easy adaptability recommend ontological modeling for broader use and application in a business context. The few existing examples in the field of HR management as well as in the field of knowledge management indicate the potential of corporate ontologies. The present work invites the reader to explore at first a roadmap to the Fuzzy Front End of innovation management which focuses in particular on the moment of idea assessment and selection. Subsequently, potential and power of ontologies are explained to both, technologically interested and lay readers. The author proceeds to develop ontologies for idea assessment and selection on a company-specific level as well as on an industry-typic level and elaborates a generically valid ontology of idea assessment and selection. The rich empirical insights are accompanied by a generic action-oriented methodology to develop ontologies. The work appeals by its broad scope of theory, multimethodological background and the argumentative brilliance by which literature review and empirical findings are presented. It has been accepted as doctoral dissertation in 2008 by the TUM Business School at the Technische Universitaet Muenchen. The book deserves broad dissemination both in the research community and in management practice. It is especially recommended to those dealing with innovation management and information systems from lay ontologists to expert innovation managers and students of business administration to researchers in information systems. I truly recommend this book as a valuable reading and resource. It promises new insights and exploration of new territory for all readers ready to think out of the box.� Prof. Dr. Prof. h.c. Dr. h.c. Ralf Reichwald
Page 2 and 3: Angelika C. Bullinger Innovation an
Page 4 and 5: Angelika C. Bullinger Innovation an
Page 8 and 9: Acknowledgements IX Acknowledgement
Page 10 and 11: Contents XIII Contents Preface ....
Page 12 and 13: Contents XV 2.2� E-Business (B2B)
Page 14 and 15: Contents XVII 2.2� Design Science
Page 16 and 17: Abbreviations XIX Abbreviations AI
Page 18 and 19: Figures XXI Figures figure 1� �
Page 20 and 21: Figures XXIII figure 59� Two-dime
Page 22 and 23: Figures XXV figure 120� Formal re
Page 24 and 25: XXVIII Tables table 27� Guideline
Page 26 and 27: XXX Tables table 87� Relations of
Page 28 and 29: 2 Point of Departure During past ye
Page 30 and 31: 4 Research Objectives and Structure
Page 32 and 33: 6 Outline of Thesis Critical assess
Page 34 and 35: 8 Part I Roadmap for the Fuzzy Fron
Page 36 and 37: 10 Innovation 1 Innovation The foll
Page 38 and 39: 12 Innovation By evaluation of tech
Page 40 and 41: 14 Innovation 1.2 Types of Innovati
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Page 50 and 51: 24 Innovation 1.3.1 Holistic Innova
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Page 54 and 55: 28 Innovation 1.3.2.1 R&D Managemen
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30 Innovation R&D management is par
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32 Innovation As the participating
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Roadmap for the Fuzzy Front End 33
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The Fuzzy Front End 35 2.1 The Fuzz
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The Fuzzy Front End 37 2.1.2 Manage
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The Fuzzy Front End 39 Kornwachs (1
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The Fuzzy Front End 41 Innovative i
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The Fuzzy Front End 43 Academia has
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The Fuzzy Front End 45 2.1.4.3 Char
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The Fuzzy Front End 47 2.1.4.4 Rule
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Ideation 49 Internal sources of ide
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Ideation 51 � figure 19 Process o
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Ideation 53 figure 21 External infl
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Ideation 55 Such innovative diversi
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Ideation 57 Sources of Ideas Relate
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Ideation 59 By the use of this meth
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Ideation 61 Scientific Publications
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Ideation 63 Properties and values o
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Ideation 65 Integration of such inn
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Concept Gate 67 Otherwise, when pre
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Concept Gate 69 A majority of large
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Concept Gate 71 Furthermore, the co
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Concept Gate 73 A positive impact 9
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Concept Gate 75 Besides diverse fun
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Concept Gate 77 2.3.3 Methods for t
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Concept Gate 79 Sample Criteria for
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Concept Gate 81 The predefined weig
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Concept Gate 83 2.3.3.2 Holistic Ap
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Concept Gate 85 Besides the aspects
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Concept Gate 87 Drawbacks can arise
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Concept Development 89 During Conce
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Concept Development 91 There are th
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Concept Development 93 Following Ge
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Concept Development 95 2.4.1.2 Coop
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Concept Development 97 To focus on
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Concept Development 99 2.4.2.2 Morp
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Concept Development 101 The five ph
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Innovation Gate 103 2.4.3 Support A
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Innovation Gate 105 The gate meetin
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Innovation Gate 107 2.5.2 Methods f
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Innovation Gate 109 figure 33 House
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Innovation Gate 111 External Evalua
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Innovation Gate 113 The roadmap is
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Innovation Gate 115 Economic assess
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Innovation Gate 117 Elements Detail
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Innovation Gate 119 The easiest (an
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Innovation Gate 121 Benchmarking Be
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Innovation Gate 123 Additionally, t
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Innovation Gate 125 Transaction In
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Innovation Gate 127 On the other ha
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Summary of FFE Roadmap 129 3 Summar
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Summary of FFE Roadmap 131 Strategi
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Principles 163 4.1.1.1 Classes As l
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Principles 165 The (sub)class ‘sa
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Languages 167 4.2 Languages The sel
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Languages 169 figure 54 Ontology ma
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Languages 171 When specifying an on
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Ontology in Philosophy 135 The foll
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Ontology in Philosophy 137 The mean
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Ontologies in Information Science 1
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Ontologies in Information Science 1
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Deployment in Business 143 2 Deploy
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Enterprise Ontologies 145 The Enter
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Enterprise Ontologies 147 2.1.3 E-B
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E-Business (B2B) Ontologies 149 Ont
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E-Business (B2B) Ontologies 151 2.2
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Management Ontologies 153 RosettaNe
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Management Ontologies 155 The catal
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Management Ontologies 157 figure 51
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Note on Deployment in Other Areas 1
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Potential of Ontologies 161 As the
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198 Part III Design Science Ontolog
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Existing Classifications 173 As the
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Existing Classifications 175 To sum
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Existing Classifications 177 The as
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Existing Classifications 179 5.1.5
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Existing Classifications 181 5.1.7
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Subject matter 183 5.2.2 Task Ontol
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Subject matter 185 General ontologi
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Formality 187 On the contrary, an o
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Formality 189 5.3.2 Semi-Informal a
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Expressiveness 191 Consequently, tw
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Expressiveness 193 Wielinga et al.
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Expressiveness 195 The distinction
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254 Part IV Results: The OntoGate T
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Multimethodological Background 199
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Ontology Engineering 201 1.1.1 Syno
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Ontology Engineering 203 The method
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Ontology Engineering 205 The method
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Ontology Engineering 207 1.1.1.4.2
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Ontology Engineering 209 1.1.1.5 On
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Ontology Engineering 211 1.1.2 Stat
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Ontology Engineering 213 1.1.2.3 G
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Design Science 215 1.1.2.4 Evaluati
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Design Science 217 For this thesis,
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Design Science 219 1.2.2.3 An Infor
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Design Science 221 Justify refers t
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Design Science 223 The following fi
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Design Science 225 Foundation, clos
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Design Science 227 Based on the pre
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Empirical Approach 229 2 Empirical
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Research Methodology 231 For purpos
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Research Methodology 233 The lifecy
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Research Methodology 235 2.1.3 Fiel
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Design Science Ontology Lifecycle 2
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256 Results of Prepare 1 Results of
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258 Results of Prepare As motivatin
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260 Results of Develop/ Build 2.2 K
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262 Results of Develop/ Build 2.2.1
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264 Results of Develop/ Build The w
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268 Results of Develop/ Build manag
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270 Results of Develop/ Build Its t
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272 Results of Develop/ Build A dis
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278 Results of Develop/ Build Due t
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284 Results of Develop/ Build Outpu
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286 Results of Develop/ Build figur
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296 Results of Develop/ Build Core
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298 Results of Develop/ Build Visua
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300 Results of Develop/ Build Inter
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304 Results of Develop/ Build Relat
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306 Results of Develop/ Build Excer
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308 Results of Develop/ Build Slots
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310 Results of Develop/ Build Negat
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314 Results of Develop/ Build Insta
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320 Results of Develop/ Build Insta
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324 Results of Justify/ Evaluate 3
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326 Results of Justify/ Evaluate fi
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Conclusion 335 Conclusion Concludin
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Résumé 337 2 Résumé The conclus
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Résumé 339 2.2 Empirical Findings
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Résumé 341 This discussion is bas
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Résumé 343 The twofold evaluation
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Outlook 345 Concerning the potentia
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Annex 347 Annex 1 Glossary of Infor
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Glossary of Informal Taxonomy 349 d
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Glossary of Informal Taxonomy 351 l
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Glossary of Informal Taxonomy 353 q
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References 355 2 References Abecker
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References 357 Avesani, P., Giunchi
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References 359 Erprobung innovative
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References 361 Brockhoff, K. (2006)
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References 363 Cooper, R. G. (1994)
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References 365 Dean, B. V. & Goldha
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References 367 Ernst, H. (2004). Vi
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References 369 Franke, N. & Braun,
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References 371 Gerhards, A. (2002).
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References 373 González, R. G. (in
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References 375 Hannah, D. R. (2004)
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References 377 Herstatt, C. & Sande
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References 379 Husserl, E. (1965).
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References 381 Kobe, C. (2006). Tec
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References 383 Lindgren, M. & Bandh
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References 385 McBride, B. (2004a).
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References 387 Noy, N. F. & Hafner,
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References 389 Porter, M. E. (2004)
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References 391 Ruiz, F. & et. al. (
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References 393 Seidl, I. (1993). Un
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References 395 Staudt, E. (Ed.) (19
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References 397 Turner, J. R. & Muel
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References 399 Vet, P. E. van der &
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References 401 Witte, E. (1978). Un
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Index 403 3 Index A� action plan,
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Index 405 I� Ideation, 5, 7, 8, 3
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Index 407 S� scenario, 55, 60, 90
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Innovation and Ontologies

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