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Jumbo Squid (Dosidicus gigas) in the Gulf of California: Ecology ...

Jumbo Squid (Dosidicus gigas) in the Gulf of California: Ecology ...

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<strong>Jumbo</strong> <strong>Squid</strong> (<strong>Dosidicus</strong> <strong>gigas</strong>) <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Gulf</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>California</strong>:<strong>Ecology</strong>, Fisheries and CommunitiesSantaRosaliaGuaymasBas<strong>in</strong>Guaymas100 kmW. Gilly, Hopk<strong>in</strong>s Mar<strong>in</strong>e Stato<strong>in</strong>, StanfordUnai Markaida, Colegio Frontera SurYolanda Alvarez Coronado, ITESMEMBARI


Important characteristics <strong>of</strong> jumbo squid …Abundant – world’s largest <strong>in</strong>vertebrate fisheryPredator and prey at all life stages – important <strong>in</strong> food websFlexible diet – small mesopelagic fish, krill and molluscsplus a variety <strong>of</strong> larger fishRapid growth, short life cycle, huge number <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>fspr<strong>in</strong>gTolerance <strong>of</strong> environmental conditions – temperature, oxygenHighly migratory<strong>Dosidicus</strong> <strong>gigas</strong>Dosidic: Gr. dδsydikos -- abid<strong>in</strong>g by <strong>the</strong> law<strong>gigas</strong>: Gr. <strong>gigas</strong> -- giant, mighty


Land<strong>in</strong>gs (tons)SAGARPA<strong>Jumbo</strong> <strong>Squid</strong> FisheryArtisanal panga fisheryIndustrial steel-boat fishery


Seasonality <strong>of</strong> fisheryand migrations <strong>in</strong>side <strong>the</strong><strong>Gulf</strong> : 2002-2007Oct-NovGuaymasSantaRosaliaApr-MayTag and RecaptureSAGARPA. Anuario Estadístico deAcuacultura y Pesca. ComisiónNacional de Acuacultura y Pesca,México.Markaida et al.2005 Fish Bull. 103


Santa Rosalia -- November 2004


Santa Rosalia -- November 20042010: El Niño-like w<strong>in</strong>terMay 2011NOAA


2009-10: El Niño-like w<strong>in</strong>ter <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Gulf</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>California</strong>Jan-April2009100202003004001510Temperature ( o C)Depth (m) Depth (m)Jan-April2010100200300400201510


20 cm75 cmImpacts <strong>of</strong> El Niño:Distribution and Fishery25 cm squidPost El Niño: June 2010No large squid <strong>in</strong>Guaymas Bas<strong>in</strong>Large squid andcommercial fish<strong>in</strong>g only<strong>in</strong> midriff islands region75 cm squid


Impacts <strong>of</strong> El Niño:Life History StrategyPrecocious maturation atsmall size dur<strong>in</strong>g El NiñoStage 5 Females75 cm squid


Impacts <strong>of</strong> El Niño:Change <strong>in</strong> DietSQEMSouth Small North Small North LargeFEMSQF EEFMM SQSQ


How to cope with El Niño?1. Sense lack <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmal gradient <strong>in</strong> upper ocean2. Migrate to less impacted areas – abandon coast, dilute <strong>of</strong>fshore3. Change diet as needed4. Adjust reproductive strategy – early maturation at small size with fewer eggs5. Recover and recolonize over several generations – may open new w<strong>in</strong>dows


Santa Rosalia Nov 2004How do o<strong>the</strong>r species cope?May 2011


Susta<strong>in</strong>able Use and Research <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Central Mar de Cortez (SURMAR)Approvechamiento Sustenable e Investigation de Centro Mar de Cortez (ASIMAR)ITESME – Stanford ProgramResearchEducationCommunity outreach


Susta<strong>in</strong>able Use and Research <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Central Mar de Cortez (SURMAR)Approvechamiento Sustenable e Investigation de Centro Mar de Cortez (ASIMAR)ITESME – Stanford ProgramResearchEducationCommunity outreachCooperative LaboratoryCentro de Investigacion VizcaÍno delITESME” (CIV)


Julia StewartDanna ShulmanJohn Field, Ken Baltz (NOAA)


Plasticity <strong>in</strong> time to full maturity <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn hemisphere


Abundance: NumbersLocal squid population was estimated from 5days <strong>of</strong> tag-and-recapture at Santa Rosalia.4 million squid onfish<strong>in</strong>g grounds <strong>of</strong>~ 150 km 225,000/ km 2(~65,000/ sq mi)Local consumption <strong>of</strong> ~3,000 tons per day


Acoustic measurements <strong>of</strong> squid abundance and position <strong>in</strong> water columnNov. 2008 with Kelly Benoit-Bird, Oregon State University


Depth (m)Target strength (dB)0-35 -25-45 --55 -50-65 -75BottomIndividual squidswimm<strong>in</strong>g tracks-75 -21:10:00 21:10:30Local time21:11:00K. Benoit-BirdOregon State University


10 %Oxygen10 m<strong>in</strong>ute view <strong>of</strong> a midwater ecosystemGuaymas Bas<strong>in</strong>, Nov. 2008


NorthSouthAcoustic data from Nov 2008 – Kelly Benoit-Bird, OSUAcoustic sampl<strong>in</strong>g andmidwater trawls confirmedkrill-dom<strong>in</strong>ated ecoystem <strong>in</strong>Midriff Islands vs. myctophiddom<strong>in</strong>atedsystem <strong>in</strong>Guaymas Bas<strong>in</strong>.Acoustic data reveal<strong>in</strong>gsquid behavior is be<strong>in</strong>ganalyzed….

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