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Pisces Australis, the Southern FishThis constellation contains one first magnitude star called Fomalhaut, which means“mouth of the fish.” This bright star marks the mouth of the Southern Fish which isopened wide to catch the torrent of water pouring down from the upturned urn ofAquarius, the Water Carrier, located above Pisces Australis.Sagitta, the ArrowLegend tells us that Jupiter punished Prometheus, who twice stole the gift of fire fromMount Olympus, by chaining him to a rock high in the Caucasasus Mountains. Everyday he sent a vulture to eat at the liver of the chained victim. Each night the livergrew again so the dreadful torture never ceased. Finally, Prometheus was rescuedfrom his agony by Hercules, who killed the vulture with his bow and arrow andfreed Prometheus from his chains. According to myth, Sagitta is that arrow shot fromHercules bow.Sagittarius, the ArcherLong ago a strange race of creatures, the Centaurs, half man and half horse, lived onMount Pelion in Greece. They had the power and speed of a horse with the brains ofa man. They were savage creatures, known for their evil ways.One Centaur, Chiron, became known for his goodness and wisdom. He became afamous teacher to whom kings sent their sons to be educated. Chiron was immortal,but due to a painful wound, he begged Jupiter to allow him to die rather than to livein agony. Jupiter granted his request.Before Chiron died, he designed all the constellations to aid the navigators. He designedSagittarius to honor himself since he was known as a great archer.Scorpius, the ScorpionJuno, wife of Jupiter, grew tired of hearing Orion boast that no animal could everharm him. She decided that she would show him how vain he was by having himkilled in a most humiliating way . . . from the sting of a tiny, insignificant animal, thescorpion.The scorpion lay in ambush close to a trail that Orion liked to use on his daily huntingtrips, stung him in the heel and caused his death. When Diana, the goddess of themoon, learned of her lover’s death, she begged Jupiter to place him as a constellationin the heavens. Juno demanded that Jupiter must also honor the Scorpion in thesame way, so he placed them far apart in the sky — Orion in the winter sky and theScorpion in the summer sky.Cylinder Guides• Greek Mythology D-12 •
Southern CrossThe latitude of Athens is about 39º North, and as one moves south, the whole Crossbecomes visible at about 25º North. Therefore, the Greeks would never have seenthe whole Cross, at least from their homeland. However, what they did see, includingthe Pointers (Alpha & Beta Centauri), they incorporated into the Centaur.The first European to see and name the Southern Cross was the Portuguese navigatorCadamosto in 1445. His was part of the on-going expeditions sent out by PrinceHenry the Navigator to find the way around Africa and hence to the riches of Asia.These voyages were also spiced with religious zeal to find a way to link up with thelegendary Prester John (a rich Christian monarch thought to be in mid-Africa). On alonely voyage into the unknown, the beautiful stars of the Cross seemed like a messagefrom Divinity.Taurus, the BullJupiter, disguised as a snow-white bull, came down from Mount Olympus one dayto where Europa, a beautiful maiden, was playing in the meadow. The bull was sogentle that Europa climbed on its back. Then off sped Jupiter to the seashore, wherehe plunged into the waves and swam with his captive Europa across to the island ofCrete. There, Jupiter revealed himself as the king of the gods and won Europa as hisbride.Triangulum, the TriangleThis constellation represents the triangle-shaped island of Sicily in Italy and wasplaced in the heavens by Jupiter at the request of Ceres, goddess of agriculture. Sicilywas a land held in high esteem by Ceres because of the high quality of the cropsraised there.Ursa Major, the Big BearJupiter is said to have come down from Mount Olympus on many occasions to marrya beautiful Earth maiden. This enraged his goddess wife, Juno. One such maidenwas named Callisto. Juno decided to seek revenge on Callisto by taking away herbeauty — she turned Callisto into a mangy bear.Callisto had a son, Arcas. While Callisto roamed as a bear, Arcas grew to be ayoung man and a famous hunter. One day while hunting in the woods, Arcas traileda bear and was about to shoot it with an arrow when Jupiter intervened. The bearwas, of course, Callisto, his mother. Jupiter turned Arcas into a bear to join hismother. He grasped both bears by their short, stumpy tails and heaved them high upinto the heavens where they landed near the North Pole. The bears were so heavy,the strain on their tails caused them to be stretched to the unusual lengths seen in theirheavenly constellations.As Juno saw the two bears shining brightly in the sky, she realized that Callisto was• Greek Mythology D-13 • Cylinder Guides
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Page 9 and 10: Hydra, the Water SnakeHydra is one
Page 11: Pegasus, the Winged HorseThe most f
Page 15 and 16: Three Activities for the STARLABGre
Page 17 and 18: ClosureThe legends and myths of anc
Page 19 and 20: • Write about things that are imp
Page 21 and 22: 2. Set the planetarium projector fo
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Page 25: Directions1. Cut out the four pictu

A Collection of Curricula for the STARLAB Greek Mythology Cylinder

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A Collection of Curricula for the STARLAB Greek Mythology Cylinder

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