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the travaux préparatoires hague rules hague-visby rules - Comite ...

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PART II - HAGUE RULES 129Article 1(b) - The definition of “Contract of carriage”rappelle que ceux-ci ont toujours été àl’avant-garde du progrès en matière maritime,et ont donné l’exemple puisqu’ilsont été les premiers à élaborer entre euxun code maritime uniforme. L’intérêt del’uniformité est si grand qu’ils serontd’accord avec la Commission cette foisencore; au fond, il n’y a pas d’intérêt pratiqueà faire des exceptions.M. Berlingieri signale que les naviresvagabonds qui vont aux Etats-Unis sontassujettis actuellement aux lois américainesbien plus dures, tandis que dans laconvention il y a pour eux de grandsavantages.Sir Leslie Scott considère commetrès important l’appui des pays scandinavesà l’œuvre de l’unification du droitmaritime et se joint au Président pourfaire appel à ses collègues scandinavespourqu’ils veuillent bien considérer danscette question et exprimer aussi à leurgouvernement le vœu unanime de tousles autres pays représentés, d’aboutir à lasolution préconisée. Il exprime ensuite ledésir d’attirer encore l’attention de lacommission sur l’article 1. Ayant apprisque le mot “tiers” a été ajouté dans ladernière ligne du paragraphe 3, il voudraitque l’on discute cette question en sesouvenant que la délégation anglaise ademandé de supprimer ce mot.M. Ripert croit que ce mot n’est plusexact depuis les explications qui ont étédonnées et que même un connaissementnominatif est soumis à la convention.M. le Président propose de supprimerle mot “tiers” en disant simplement“les rapports du transporteur et du porteurde ce connaissement, ou de ce document”(Assentiment).M. Bagge, au sujet de l’interprétationde l’article 1, résume ce qui a été ditquant aux mots “contrat de transport”.Dans le terme “contrat de transport”mentionné à l’article 1, paragraphe (b),est compris tout accord entre transporteuret chargeur rapporte à un connaissementou à un document similaire formanttitre. C’est bien là le résultat auquelon est arrivé lorsqu’on a discuté la questiondes lettres de garantie.countries. He mentioned that <strong>the</strong>y hadalways been in <strong>the</strong> vanguard of progressin maritime matters and had led <strong>the</strong> waybecause <strong>the</strong>y had been <strong>the</strong> first to drawup among <strong>the</strong>mselves a uniform code.The interest of uniformity was so greatthat <strong>the</strong>y would agree with <strong>the</strong> commission.Fundamentally, <strong>the</strong>re was no practicalpoint in making <strong>the</strong>se exceptions.Mr. Berlingieri indicated that <strong>the</strong>tramp steamers that went to <strong>the</strong> UnitedStates were presently subject to considerablyharsher American laws while<strong>the</strong>re would be great advantages for<strong>the</strong>m in <strong>the</strong> convention.Sir Leslie Scott considered <strong>the</strong> supportof <strong>the</strong> Scandinavians very importantto <strong>the</strong> work of unification of maritimelaw and joined with <strong>the</strong> Chairman in appealingto his Scandinavian colleagues sothat <strong>the</strong>y would really consider this questionand would also express to <strong>the</strong>ir government<strong>the</strong> unanimous wish of all <strong>the</strong>countries represented to reach <strong>the</strong>agreed solution. He <strong>the</strong>n expressed <strong>the</strong>desire to draw <strong>the</strong> commission’s attentiononce more to article 1. Havinglearned that <strong>the</strong> word “third-party holder”had been added in <strong>the</strong> last line ofparagraph 3, he wanted to discuss thisquestion, mindful of <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong>English delegation had asked for <strong>the</strong>deletion of <strong>the</strong>se words.Mr. Ripert believed that, following<strong>the</strong> explanations that had been given,<strong>the</strong>se words were not correct and thateven a nominal bill of lading was subjectto <strong>the</strong> convention.The Chairman proposed deleting <strong>the</strong>words “third-party holder”, and simplysaying “<strong>the</strong> relations between a carrierand a holder of this bill of lading” or“this document”. (Carried).Mr. Bagge, on <strong>the</strong> matter of <strong>the</strong> interpretationof article 1, summarizedwhat had been said about <strong>the</strong> words“contract of carriage”. Included in <strong>the</strong>term “contract of carriage”, mentionedin Article 1(b), was every agreement betweencarrier and shipper relating to abill of lading or a similar document of title.That was <strong>the</strong> real result achieved in

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