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Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual - Linkages Project

Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual - Linkages Project

Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual - Linkages Project

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• There may be many causes of <strong>AIDS</strong>-wasting syndrome. The etiology shoulddefine the management of the condition. The following factors may beassociated with the syndrome:• Reduced energy intake• Gastrointestinal disorders including diarrhea <strong>and</strong> malabsorption• Metabolic parametersChanges in body composition (slide 13)When a healthy person suffers an acute illness that reduces food intake, inadequatelevels of nutrients are ingested <strong>and</strong> absorbed by the body to meet increased energyneeds. As a result, weight (fat mass) may be lost first but is usually regainedimmediately after normal eating habits return. Fats stored in adipose tissues arecatabolized to fuel the body energy needs, thus sparing amino acids needed to buildor preserve lean body mass.With <strong>HIV</strong>/<strong>AIDS</strong>, however, the opposite seems to occur. Amino acids are more readilyused to fuel energy needs, while fat continues to accrue. The patient may consumeadequate nutrient levels but utilizes <strong>and</strong> stores them inadequately. The patient hasexcess adipose tissue in proportion to lean tissue as the body converts the digestednutrients into fat instead of lean tissue. With high triglyceride levels in the blood,resting energy expenditure is increased. The underlying causes of an <strong>HIV</strong>-infectedperson’s inability to preserve or regain lean tissue remain unknown.Effect of nutrition on <strong>HIV</strong>/<strong>AIDS</strong>: Observational studies (slide 14)Effective <strong>and</strong> inexpensive ways to deal with the cycle of infection <strong>and</strong> poor nutritioninclude good nutrition, hygiene, <strong>and</strong> food safety. Early studies, which observedassociations over time without providing specific nutrition interventions, showedthat nutritional status <strong>and</strong> <strong>HIV</strong> were interrelated. These studies reported that weightloss was associated with <strong>HIV</strong> infection, disease progression, <strong>and</strong> shorter survivaltime.30

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