Agroterrorism - University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine

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this research will focus on determining which of thesetwo subpopulations provides better protection and ismore attenuated.PI: Dr. Maricarmen García (mcgarcia@uga.edu)Co-PI: Dr. S. Riblet1. To study the molecular and serologic characteristicsof new IBV isolates identified by ourreverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (RT-PCR/RFLP) serotype identification test.PoultryAdvancements in the Isolation, Characterization,and Control of Avian VirusesResearch in the avian virology section has beenconcentrated on infectious bronchitis virus(IBV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), andavian adenovirus. With IBV, several isolates used incommercial vaccines have undergone numerous passagesin various systems (chicken embryos, chickens)in an attempt to attenuate their pathogenicity whilemaintaining their antigenicity. To date, the pathogenicityof one Arkansas-type strain has been comparedwith the original strain and no major differenceshave been found regarding their ability to multiplyin tissues of the upper respiratory tract. Quantitativeassays are being performed to establish differencesbetween the two viruses.Group I avian adenoviruses have been used to evaluatethe effect of live and inactivated vaccines used toprotect chickens against inclusion body hepatitis.Both vaccines provided protection to chickens challengedwith homologous isolates obtained from theU.S. Live vaccines have the ability to spread veryrapidly among the poultry populations.The single-strand conformational polymorphismanalysis (SSCP) was successfully used to differentiatevariant, standard and very virulent strains of infectiousdisease virus.PI: Dr. Pedro Villegas (pedrov@uga.edu)Co-PI: J. El-AttracheControl of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)The main objective of this proposal is to controlinfectious bronchitis (IB). We propose to dothis by continuing to study infectious bronchitisvirus (IBV) isolates from the field and by developingand testing recombinant vaccines against IBV.The specific objectives are:2. To develop and test an IBV virus-like particle(VLP) for its utility as a vaccine against IBV.3. To create an infectious clone for IBV.Objective 1 is always ongoing in our laboratory;however, last year was a very quiet year for infectiousbronchitis. Submissions to the laboratory resulted intypical viruses that have been previously characterized.We are continuing to monitor the heterogeneityof the population of IBV isolates circulating in thefield.The IBV VLP development (objective 2) is progressing,but without demonstration of VLP’s to IBV.We have cloned and again subcloned the spike andenvelope proteins, which are necessary for VLP formation,and demonstrated expression of each proteinin cell culture. Several attempts to visualize VLP’s byelectron microscopy have been unsuccessful to date.We are looking at more sensitive detection methodsand ways to increase expression of spike and envelopein cell culture.To develop an IBV infectious clone, we cloned theMass 41 genome into 5 overlapping segments, whichrepresent the entire viral genome. The CMV andT7 promoters were ligated to the 5’ end clone, andthe BHG poly A signal and a poly A tract onto the3’ end clone. It has been difficult to cut the overlappingsegments and ligate the 5 clones into one IBVinfectious clone. We need sequence data for the entireviral genome so appropriate restriction enzymes canbe identified and used to piece the clones together.Unfortunately we do not have the financial resourcesto do that at this time.PI: Dr. Mark W. Jackwood, mjackwoo@uga.eduCo-PI’s: D. Hilt, E. Wade, and S. Callison10Veterinary Medical Experiment Station
Is Infectious Bursal Disease Virus the Cause ofBroiler Proventriculitis?Proventriculitis is a common naturally occurringdisease of commercial broiler chickens thatcauses proventricular rupture, carcass contamination,and whole bird condemnation during routineprocessing. Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV)is implicated as a cause and vaccination for IBDV ismarketed as a preventative. However, no direct causeand effect relationship has been established betweenIBDV and proventriculitis. Our original hypothesiswas that immunosuppression caused by IBDVallowed a second opportunistic pathogen to directlyproduce proventriculitis. Our three-year project wasdesigned to determine any acute or chronic role ofInfectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) in proventriculitisin broilers, and to look for other causativeopportunistic agents. We have experimentally reproducedproventriculitis by oral exposure of broilers toproventricular homogenate from naturally affectedchickens. We have shown IBDV does not localize inthe proventriculus after experimental IBDV infection,and that naturally occurring cases of proventriculitiscontain no proventricular IBDV. We have produceda proventricular homogenate that is free of IBDVbut remains capable of reproducing proventriculitis.This homogenate will be inoculated into eggs, cellcultures, and proventricular organ cultures to isolatethe proventriculotrophic virus that produces proventriculitis.PI: Dr. Tom P. Brown (tbrown@vet.uga.edu)Co-PI’s: M. Pantin-Jackwood and M. HamoudPoultryVeterinary Medical Experiment Station11
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Agroterrorism - University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine

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